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				93	<h1>Builtin Functions</h1><!--
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				112	<div class="section">
				113	<h2><a name="Table_of_Contents"></a><a name="toc" id="toc">Table of Contents</a></h2>
				114	<ul>
				115
				116	<li><a href="#NumericFunctions">Numeric Functions</a></li>
				117	<li><a href="#StringFunctions">String Functions</a></li>
				118	<li><a href="#BinaryFunctions">Binary Functions</a></li>
				119	<li><a href="#SpatialFunctions">Spatial Functions</a></li>
				120	<li><a href="#SimilarityFunctions">Similarity Functions</a></li>
				121	<li><a href="#TokenizingFunctions">Tokenizing Functions</a></li>
				122	<li><a href="#TemporalFunctions">Temporal Functions</a></li>
				123	<li><a href="#ObjectFunctions">Object Functions</a></li>
				124	<li><a href="#AggregateFunctions">Aggregate Functions (Array Functions)</a></li>
				125	<li><a href="#ComparisonFunctions">Comparison Functions</a></li>
				126	<li><a href="#TypeFunctions">Type Functions</a></li>
				127	<li><a href="#ConditionalFunctions">Conditional Functions</a></li>
				128	<li><a href="#MiscFunctions">Miscellaneous Functions</a></li>
				129	<li><a href="#BitwiseFunctions">Bitwise Functions</a></li>
				130	<li><a href="#WindowFunctions">Window Functions</a></li>
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				149
				150	<p>The system provides various classes of functions to support operations on numeric, string, spatial, and temporal data. This document explains how to use these functions.</p><!--
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				162	! software distributed under the License is distributed on an
				163	! "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
				164	! KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
				165	! specific language governing permissions and limitations
				166	! under the License.
				167	!-->
				168	</div>
				169	<div class="section">
				170	<h2><a name="Numeric_Functions"></a><a name="NumericFunctions" id="NumericFunctions">Numeric Functions</a></h2>
				171	<div class="section">
				172	<h3><a name="abs"></a>abs</h3>
				173	<ul>
				174
				175	<li>
				176
				177	<p>Syntax:</p>
				178
				179	<div>
				180	<div>
				181	<pre class="source">abs(numeric_value)
				182	</pre></div></div>
				183	</li>
				184	<li>
				185
				186	<p>Computes the absolute value of the argument.</p>
				187	</li>
				188	<li>Arguments:
				189	<ul>
				190
				191	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				192	</ul>
				193	</li>
				194	<li>Return Value:
				195	<ul>
				196
				197	<li>The absolute value of the argument with the same type as the input argument,</li>
				198	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				199	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				200	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				201	</ul>
				202	</li>
				203	<li>
				204
				205	<p>Example:</p>
				206
				207	<div>
				208	<div>
				209	<pre class="source">{ "v1": abs(2013), "v2": abs(-4036), "v3": abs(0), "v4": abs(float("-2013.5")), "v5": abs(double("-2013.593823748327284")) };
				210	</pre></div></div>
				211	</li>
				212	<li>
				213
				214	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				215
				216	<div>
				217	<div>
				218	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 2013, "v2": 4036, "v3": 0, "v4": 2013.5, "v5": 2013.5938237483274 }
				219	</pre></div></div>
				220	</li>
				221	</ul></div>
				222	<div class="section">
				223	<h3><a name="acos"></a>acos</h3>
				224	<ul>
				225
				226	<li>
				227
				228	<p>Syntax:</p>
				229
				230	<div>
				231	<div>
				232	<pre class="source">acos(numeric_value)
				233	</pre></div></div>
				234	</li>
				235	<li>
				236
				237	<p>Computes the arc cosine value of the argument.</p>
				238	</li>
				239	<li>Arguments:
				240	<ul>
				241
				242	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				243	</ul>
				244	</li>
				245	<li>Return Value:
				246	<ul>
				247
				248	<li>the <tt>double</tt> arc cosine in radians for the argument, if the argument is in the range of -1 (inclusive) to 1 (inclusive),</li>
				249	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				250	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				251	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error,</li>
				252	<li>“NaN” for other legitimate numeric values.</li>
				253	</ul>
				254	</li>
				255	<li>
				256
				257	<p>Example:</p>
				258
				259	<div>
				260	<div>
				261	<pre class="source">{ "v1": acos(1), "v2": acos(2), "v3": acos(0), "v4": acos(float("0.5")), "v5": acos(double("-0.5")) };
				262	</pre></div></div>
				263	</li>
				264	<li>
				265
				266	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				267
				268	<div>
				269	<div>
				270	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 0.0, "v2": "NaN", "v3": 1.5707963267948966, "v4": 1.0471975511965979, "v5": 2.0943951023931957 }
				271	</pre></div></div>
				272	</li>
				273	</ul></div>
				274	<div class="section">
				275	<h3><a name="asin"></a>asin</h3>
				276	<ul>
				277
				278	<li>
				279
				280	<p>Syntax:</p>
				281
				282	<div>
				283	<div>
				284	<pre class="source">asin(numeric_value)
				285	</pre></div></div>
				286	</li>
				287	<li>
				288
				289	<p>Computes the arc sine value of the argument.</p>
				290	</li>
				291	<li>Arguments:
				292	<ul>
				293
				294	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				295	</ul>
				296	</li>
				297	<li>Return Value:
				298	<ul>
				299
				300	<li>the <tt>double</tt> arc sin in radians for the argument, if the argument is in the range of -1 (inclusive) to 1 (inclusive),</li>
				301	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				302	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				303	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error,</li>
				304	<li>“NaN” for other legitimate numeric values.</li>
				305	</ul>
				306	</li>
				307	<li>
				308
				309	<p>Example:</p>
				310
				311	<div>
				312	<div>
				313	<pre class="source">{ "v1": asin(1), "v2": asin(2), "v3": asin(0), "v4": asin(float("0.5")), "v5": asin(double("-0.5")) };
				314	</pre></div></div>
				315	</li>
				316	<li>
				317
				318	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				319
				320	<div>
				321	<div>
				322	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 1.5707963267948966, "v2": "NaN", "v3": 0.0, "v4": 0.5235987755982989, "v5": -0.5235987755982989 }
				323	</pre></div></div>
				324	</li>
				325	</ul></div>
				326	<div class="section">
				327	<h3><a name="atan"></a>atan</h3>
				328	<ul>
				329
				330	<li>
				331
				332	<p>Syntax:</p>
				333
				334	<div>
				335	<div>
				336	<pre class="source">atan(numeric_value)
				337	</pre></div></div>
				338	</li>
				339	<li>
				340
				341	<p>Computes the arc tangent value of the argument.</p>
				342	</li>
				343	<li>Arguments:
				344	<ul>
				345
				346	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				347	</ul>
				348	</li>
				349	<li>Return Value:
				350	<ul>
				351
				352	<li>the <tt>double</tt> arc tangent in radians for the argument,</li>
				353	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				354	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				355	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				356	</ul>
				357	</li>
				358	<li>
				359
				360	<p>Example:</p>
				361
				362	<div>
				363	<div>
				364	<pre class="source">{ "v1": atan(1), "v2": atan(2), "v3": atan(0), "v4": atan(float("0.5")), "v5": atan(double("1000")) };
				365	</pre></div></div>
				366	</li>
				367	<li>
				368
				369	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				370
				371	<div>
				372	<div>
				373	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 0.7853981633974483, "v2": 1.1071487177940904, "v3": 0.0, "v4": 0.4636476090008061, "v5": 1.5697963271282298 }
				374	</pre></div></div>
				375	</li>
				376	</ul></div>
				377	<div class="section">
				378	<h3><a name="atan2"></a>atan2</h3>
				379	<ul>
				380
				381	<li>
				382
				383	<p>Syntax:</p>
				384
				385	<div>
				386	<div>
				387	<pre class="source">atan2(numeric_value1, numeric_value2)
				388	</pre></div></div>
				389	</li>
				390	<li>
				391
				392	<p>Computes the arc tangent value of numeric_value2/numeric_value1.</p>
				393	</li>
				394	<li>Arguments:
				395	<ul>
				396
				397	<li><tt>numeric_value1</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value,</li>
				398	<li><tt>numeric_value2</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				399	</ul>
				400	</li>
				401	<li>Return Value:
				402	<ul>
				403
				404	<li>the <tt>double</tt> arc tangent in radians for <tt>numeric_value1</tt> and <tt>numeric_value2</tt>,</li>
				405	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				406	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				407	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				408	</ul>
				409	</li>
				410	<li>
				411
				412	<p>Example:</p>
				413
				414	<div>
				415	<div>
				416	<pre class="source">{ "v1": atan2(1, 2), "v2": atan2(0, 4), "v3": atan2(float("0.5"), double("-0.5")) };
				417	</pre></div></div>
				418	</li>
				419	<li>
				420
				421	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				422
				423	<div>
				424	<div>
				425	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 0.4636476090008061, "v2": 0.0, "v3": 2.356194490192345 }
				426	</pre></div></div>
				427	</li>
				428	</ul></div>
				429	<div class="section">
				430	<h3><a name="ceil"></a>ceil</h3>
				431	<ul>
				432
				433	<li>
				434
				435	<p>Syntax:</p>
				436
				437	<div>
				438	<div>
				439	<pre class="source">ceil(numeric_value)
				440	</pre></div></div>
				441	</li>
				442	<li>
				443
				444	<p>Computes the smallest (closest to negative infinity) number with no fractional part that is not less than the value of the argument. If the argument is already equal to mathematical integer, then the result is the same as the argument.</p>
				445	</li>
				446	<li>Arguments:
				447	<ul>
				448
				449	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				450	</ul>
				451	</li>
				452	<li>Return Value:
				453	<ul>
				454
				455	<li>The ceiling value for the given number in the same type as the input argument,</li>
				456	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				457	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				458	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				459	</ul>
				460	</li>
				461	<li>
				462
				463	<p>Example:</p>
				464
				465	<div>
				466	<div>
				467	<pre class="source">{
				468	"v1": ceil(2013),
				469	"v2": ceil(-4036),
				470	"v3": ceil(0.3),
				471	"v4": ceil(float("-2013.2")),
				472	"v5": ceil(double("-2013.893823748327284"))
				473	};
				474	</pre></div></div>
				475	</li>
				476	<li>
				477
				478	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				479
				480	<div>
				481	<div>
				482	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 2013, "v2": -4036, "v3": 1.0, "v4": -2013.0, "v5": -2013.0 }
				483	</pre></div></div>
				484	</li>
				485	</ul></div>
				486	<div class="section">
				487	<h3><a name="cos"></a>cos</h3>
				488	<ul>
				489
				490	<li>
				491
				492	<p>Syntax:</p>
				493
				494	<div>
				495	<div>
				496	<pre class="source">cos(numeric_value)
				497	</pre></div></div>
				498	</li>
				499	<li>
				500
				501	<p>Computes the cosine value of the argument.</p>
				502	</li>
				503	<li>Arguments:
				504	<ul>
				505
				506	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				507	</ul>
				508	</li>
				509	<li>Return Value:
				510	<ul>
				511
				512	<li>the <tt>double</tt> cosine value for the argument,</li>
				513	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				514	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				515	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				516	</ul>
				517	</li>
				518	<li>
				519
				520	<p>Example:</p>
				521
				522	<div>
				523	<div>
				524	<pre class="source">{ "v1": cos(1), "v2": cos(2), "v3": cos(0), "v4": cos(float("0.5")), "v5": cos(double("1000")) };
				525	</pre></div></div>
				526	</li>
				527	<li>
				528
				529	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				530
				531	<div>
				532	<div>
				533	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 0.5403023058681398, "v2": -0.4161468365471424, "v3": 1.0, "v4": 0.8775825618903728, "v5": 0.562379076290703 }
				534	</pre></div></div>
				535	</li>
				536	</ul></div>
				537	<div class="section">
				538	<h3><a name="cosh"></a>cosh</h3>
				539	<ul>
				540
				541	<li>
				542
				543	<p>Syntax:</p>
				544
				545	<div>
				546	<div>
				547	<pre class="source">cosh(numeric_value)
				548	</pre></div></div>
				549	</li>
				550	<li>
				551
				552	<p>Computes the hyperbolic cosine value of the argument.</p>
				553	</li>
				554	<li>Arguments:
				555	<ul>
				556
				557	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				558	</ul>
				559	</li>
				560	<li>Return Value:
				561	<ul>
				562
				563	<li>the <tt>double</tt> hyperbolic cosine value for the argument,</li>
				564	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				565	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				566	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				567	</ul>
				568	</li>
				569	<li>
				570
				571	<p>Example:</p>
				572
				573	<div>
				574	<div>
				575	<pre class="source">{ "v1": cosh(1), "v2": cosh(2), "v3": cosh(0), "v4": cosh(float("0.5")), "v5": cosh(double("8")) };
				576	</pre></div></div>
				577	</li>
				578	<li>
				579
				580	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				581
				582	<div>
				583	<div>
				584	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 1.5430806348152437, "v2": 3.7621956910836314, "v3": 1.0, "v4": 1.1276259652063807, "v5": 1490.479161252178 }
				585	</pre></div></div>
				586	</li>
				587	</ul></div>
				588	<div class="section">
				589	<h3><a name="degrees"></a>degrees</h3>
				590	<ul>
				591
				592	<li>
				593
				594	<p>Syntax:</p>
				595
				596	<div>
				597	<div>
				598	<pre class="source">degrees(numeric_value)
				599	</pre></div></div>
				600	</li>
				601	<li>
				602
				603	<p>Converts radians to degrees</p>
				604	</li>
				605	<li>Arguments:
				606	<ul>
				607
				608	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				609	</ul>
				610	</li>
				611	<li>Return Value:
				612	<ul>
				613
				614	<li>The degrees value for the given radians value. The returned value has type <tt>double</tt>,</li>
				615	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				616	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				617	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				618	</ul>
				619	</li>
				620	<li>
				621
				622	<p>Example:</p>
				623
				624	<div>
				625	<div>
				626	<pre class="source">{ "v1": degrees(pi()) };
				627	</pre></div></div>
				628	</li>
				629	<li>
				630
				631	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				632
				633	<div>
				634	<div>
				635	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 180.0 }
				636	</pre></div></div>
				637	</li>
				638	</ul></div>
				639	<div class="section">
				640	<h3><a name="e"></a>e</h3>
				641	<ul>
				642
				643	<li>
				644
				645	<p>Syntax:</p>
				646
				647	<div>
				648	<div>
				649	<pre class="source">e()
				650	</pre></div></div>
				651	</li>
				652	<li>
				653
				654	<p>Return Value:</p>
				655	<ul>
				656
				657	<li>e (base of the natural logarithm)</li>
				658	</ul>
				659	</li>
				660	<li>
				661
				662	<p>Example:</p>
				663
				664	<div>
				665	<div>
				666	<pre class="source">{ "v1": e() };
				667	</pre></div></div>
				668	</li>
				669	<li>
				670
				671	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				672
				673	<div>
				674	<div>
				675	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 2.718281828459045 }
				676	</pre></div></div>
				677	</li>
				678	</ul></div>
				679	<div class="section">
				680	<h3><a name="exp"></a>exp</h3>
				681	<ul>
				682
				683	<li>
				684
				685	<p>Syntax:</p>
				686
				687	<div>
				688	<div>
				689	<pre class="source">exp(numeric_value)
				690	</pre></div></div>
				691	</li>
				692	<li>
				693
				694	<p>Computes e<sup>numeric_value</sup>.</p>
				695	</li>
				696	<li>Arguments:
				697	<ul>
				698
				699	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				700	</ul>
				701	</li>
				702	<li>Return Value:
				703	<ul>
				704
				705	<li>e<sup>numeric_value</sup>,</li>
				706	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				707	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				708	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				709	</ul>
				710	</li>
				711	<li>
				712
				713	<p>Example:</p>
				714
				715	<div>
				716	<div>
				717	<pre class="source">{ "v1": exp(1), "v2": exp(2), "v3": exp(0), "v4": exp(float("0.5")), "v5": exp(double("1000")) };
				718	</pre></div></div>
				719	</li>
				720	<li>
				721
				722	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				723
				724	<div>
				725	<div>
				726	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 2.718281828459045, "v2": 7.38905609893065, "v3": 1.0, "v4": 1.6487212707001282, "v5": "Infinity" }
				727	</pre></div></div>
				728	</li>
				729	</ul></div>
				730	<div class="section">
				731	<h3><a name="floor"></a>floor</h3>
				732	<ul>
				733
				734	<li>
				735
				736	<p>Syntax:</p>
				737
				738	<div>
				739	<div>
				740	<pre class="source">floor(numeric_value)
				741	</pre></div></div>
				742	</li>
				743	<li>
				744
				745	<p>Computes the largest (closest to positive infinity) number with no fractional part that is not greater than the value. If the argument is already equal to mathematical integer, then the result is the same as the argument.</p>
				746	</li>
				747	<li>Arguments:
				748	<ul>
				749
				750	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				751	</ul>
				752	</li>
				753	<li>Return Value:
				754	<ul>
				755
				756	<li>The floor value for the given number in the same type as the input argument,</li>
				757	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				758	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				759	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				760	</ul>
				761	</li>
				762	<li>
				763
				764	<p>Example:</p>
				765
				766	<div>
				767	<div>
				768	<pre class="source">{
				769	"v1": floor(2013),
				770	"v2": floor(-4036),
				771	"v3": floor(0.8),
				772	"v4": floor(float("-2013.2")),
				773	"v5": floor(double("-2013.893823748327284"))
				774	};
				775	</pre></div></div>
				776	</li>
				777	<li>
				778
				779	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				780
				781	<div>
				782	<div>
				783	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 2013, "v2": -4036, "v3": 0.0, "v4": -2014.0, "v5": -2014.0 }
				784	</pre></div></div>
				785	</li>
				786	</ul></div>
				787	<div class="section">
				788	<h3><a name="ln"></a>ln</h3>
				789	<ul>
				790
				791	<li>
				792
				793	<p>Syntax:</p>
				794
				795	<div>
				796	<div>
				797	<pre class="source">ln(numeric_value)
				798	</pre></div></div>
				799	</li>
				800	<li>
				801
				802	<p>Computes log<sub>e</sub>numeric_value.</p>
				803	</li>
				804	<li>Arguments:
				805	<ul>
				806
				807	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				808	</ul>
				809	</li>
				810	<li>Return Value:
				811	<ul>
				812
				813	<li>log<sub>e</sub>numeric_value,</li>
				814	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				815	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				816	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				817	</ul>
				818	</li>
				819	<li>
				820
				821	<p>Example:</p>
				822
				823	<div>
				824	<div>
				825	<pre class="source">{ "v1": ln(1), "v2": ln(2), "v3": ln(0), "v4": ln(float("0.5")), "v5": ln(double("1000")) };
				826	</pre></div></div>
				827	</li>
				828	<li>
				829
				830	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				831
				832	<div>
				833	<div>
				834	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 0.0, "v2": 0.6931471805599453, "v3": "-Infinity", "v4": -0.6931471805599453, "v5": 6.907755278982137 }
				835	</pre></div></div>
				836	</li>
				837	</ul></div>
				838	<div class="section">
				839	<h3><a name="log"></a>log</h3>
				840	<ul>
				841
				842	<li>
				843
				844	<p>Syntax:</p>
				845
				846	<div>
				847	<div>
				848	<pre class="source">log(numeric_value)
				849	</pre></div></div>
				850	</li>
				851	<li>
				852
				853	<p>Computes log<sub>10</sub>numeric_value.</p>
				854	</li>
				855	<li>Arguments:
				856	<ul>
				857
				858	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				859	</ul>
				860	</li>
				861	<li>Return Value:
				862	<ul>
				863
				864	<li>log<sub>10</sub>numeric_value,</li>
				865	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				866	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				867	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				868	</ul>
				869	</li>
				870	<li>
				871
				872	<p>Example:</p>
				873
				874	<div>
				875	<div>
				876	<pre class="source">{ "v1": log(1), "v2": log(2), "v3": log(0), "v4": log(float("0.5")), "v5": log(double("1000")) };
				877	</pre></div></div>
				878	</li>
				879	<li>
				880
				881	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				882
				883	<div>
				884	<div>
				885	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 0.0, "v2": 0.3010299956639812, "v3": "-Infinity", "v4": -0.3010299956639812, "v5": 3.0 }
				886	</pre></div></div>
				887	</li>
				888	</ul></div>
				889	<div class="section">
				890	<h3><a name="pi"></a>pi</h3>
				891	<ul>
				892
				893	<li>
				894
				895	<p>Syntax:</p>
				896
				897	<div>
				898	<div>
				899	<pre class="source">pi()
				900	</pre></div></div>
				901	</li>
				902	<li>
				903
				904	<p>Return Value:</p>
				905	<ul>
				906
				907	<li>Pi</li>
				908	</ul>
				909	</li>
				910	<li>
				911
				912	<p>Example:</p>
				913
				914	<div>
				915	<div>
				916	<pre class="source">{ "v1": pi() };
				917	</pre></div></div>
				918	</li>
				919	<li>
				920
				921	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				922
				923	<div>
				924	<div>
				925	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 3.141592653589793 }
				926	</pre></div></div>
				927	</li>
				928	</ul></div>
				929	<div class="section">
				930	<h3><a name="power"></a>power</h3>
				931	<ul>
				932
				933	<li>
				934
				935	<p>Syntax:</p>
				936
				937	<div>
				938	<div>
				939	<pre class="source">power(numeric_value1, numeric_value2)
				940	</pre></div></div>
				941	</li>
				942	<li>
				943
				944	<p>Computes numeric_value1<sup>numeric_value2</sup>.</p>
				945	</li>
				946	<li>Arguments:
				947	<ul>
				948
				949	<li><tt>numeric_value1</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value,</li>
				950	<li><tt>numeric_value2</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				951	</ul>
				952	</li>
				953	<li>Return Value:
				954	<ul>
				955
				956	<li>numeric_value1<sup>numeric_value2</sup>,</li>
				957	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				958	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				959	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				960	</ul>
				961	</li>
				962	<li>
				963
				964	<p>Example:</p>
				965
				966	<div>
				967	<div>
				968	<pre class="source">{ "v1": power(1, 2), "v3": power(0, 4), "v4": power(float("0.5"), double("-0.5")) };
				969	</pre></div></div>
				970	</li>
				971	<li>
				972
				973	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				974
				975	<div>
				976	<div>
				977	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 1, "v3": 0, "v4": 1.4142135623730951 }
				978	</pre></div></div>
				979	</li>
				980	</ul></div>
				981	<div class="section">
				982	<h3><a name="radians"></a>radians</h3>
				983	<ul>
				984
				985	<li>
				986
				987	<p>Syntax:</p>
				988
				989	<div>
				990	<div>
				991	<pre class="source">radians(numeric_value)
				992	</pre></div></div>
				993	</li>
				994	<li>
				995
				996	<p>Converts degrees to radians</p>
				997	</li>
				998	<li>Arguments:
				999	<ul>
				1000
				1001	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				1002	</ul>
				1003	</li>
				1004	<li>Return Value:
				1005	<ul>
				1006
				1007	<li>The radians value for the given degrees value. The returned value has type <tt>double</tt>,</li>
				1008	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1009	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				1010	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				1011	</ul>
				1012	</li>
				1013	<li>
				1014
				1015	<p>Example:</p>
				1016
				1017	<div>
				1018	<div>
				1019	<pre class="source">{ "v1": radians(180) };
				1020	</pre></div></div>
				1021	</li>
				1022	<li>
				1023
				1024	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				1025
				1026	<div>
				1027	<div>
				1028	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 3.141592653589793 }
				1029	</pre></div></div>
				1030	</li>
				1031	</ul></div>
				1032	<div class="section">
				1033	<h3><a name="round"></a>round</h3>
				1034	<ul>
				1035
				1036	<li>
				1037
				1038	<p>Syntax:</p>
				1039
				1040	<div>
				1041	<div>
				1042	<pre class="source">round(numeric_value[, round_digit])
				1043	</pre></div></div>
				1044	</li>
				1045	<li>
				1046
				1047	<p>Rounds the value to the given number of integer digits to the right of the decimal point, or to the left of the decimal point if the number of digits is negative.</p>
				1048	</li>
				1049	<li>
				1050
				1051	<p>Arguments:</p>
				1052	<ul>
				1053
				1054	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value that represents the numeric value to be rounded.</li>
				1055	<li><tt>round_digit</tt>: (Optional) a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value that specifies the digit to round to. This argument may be positive or negative; positive indicating that rounding needs to be to the right of the decimal point, and negative indicating that rounding needs to be to the left of the decimal point. Values such as 1.0 and 2.0 are acceptable, but values such as 1.3 and 1.5 result in a <tt>null</tt>. If omitted, the default is 0.</li>
				1056	</ul>
				1057	</li>
				1058	<li>Return Value:
				1059	<ul>
				1060
				1061	<li>The rounded value for the given number. The returned value has the following type:
				1062	<ul>
				1063
				1064	<li><tt>bigint</tt> if the input value has type <tt>tinyint</tt>, <tt>smallint</tt>, <tt>integer</tt> or <tt>bigint</tt>,</li>
				1065	<li><tt>float</tt> if the input value has type <tt>float</tt>,</li>
				1066	<li><tt>double</tt> if the input value has type <tt>double</tt>;</li>
				1067	</ul>
				1068	</li>
				1069	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the input value is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1070	<li><tt>null</tt> if the input value is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				1071	<li>any other non-numeric input value will return a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				1072	</ul>
				1073	</li>
				1074	<li>
				1075
				1076	<p>Example:</p>
				1077
				1078	<div>
				1079	<div>
				1080	<pre class="source">{
				1081	"v1": round(2013),
				1082	"v2": round(-4036),
				1083	"v3": round(0.8),
				1084	"v4": round(float("-2013.256")),
				1085	"v5": round(double("-2013.893823748327284"))
				1086	"v6": round(123456, -1),
				1087	"v7": round(456.456, 2),
				1088	"v8": round(456.456, -1),
				1089	"v9": round(-456.456, -2)
				1090	};
				1091	</pre></div></div>
				1092	</li>
				1093	<li>
				1094
				1095	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				1096
				1097	<div>
				1098	<div>
				1099	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 2013, "v2": -4036, "v3": 1.0, "v4": -2013.0, "v5": -2014.0, "v6": 123460, "v7": 456.46, "v8": 460, "v9": -500 }
				1100	</pre></div></div>
				1101	</li>
				1102	</ul></div>
				1103	<div class="section">
				1104	<h3><a name="sign"></a>sign</h3>
				1105	<ul>
				1106
				1107	<li>
				1108
				1109	<p>Syntax:</p>
				1110
				1111	<div>
				1112	<div>
				1113	<pre class="source">sign(numeric_value)
				1114	</pre></div></div>
				1115	</li>
				1116	<li>
				1117
				1118	<p>Computes the sign of the argument.</p>
				1119	</li>
				1120	<li>Arguments:
				1121	<ul>
				1122
				1123	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				1124	</ul>
				1125	</li>
				1126	<li>Return Value:
				1127	<ul>
				1128
				1129	<li>the sign (a <tt>tinyint</tt>) of the argument, -1 for negative values, 0 for 0, and 1 for positive values,</li>
				1130	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1131	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				1132	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				1133	</ul>
				1134	</li>
				1135	<li>
				1136
				1137	<p>Example:</p>
				1138
				1139	<div>
				1140	<div>
				1141	<pre class="source">{ "v1": sign(1), "v2": sign(2), "v3": sign(0), "v4": sign(float("0.5")), "v5": sign(double("-1000")) };
				1142	</pre></div></div>
				1143	</li>
				1144	<li>
				1145
				1146	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				1147
				1148	<div>
				1149	<div>
				1150	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 1, "v2": 1, "v3": 0, "v4": 1, "v5": -1 }
				1151	</pre></div></div>
				1152	</li>
				1153	</ul></div>
				1154	<div class="section">
				1155	<h3><a name="sin"></a>sin</h3>
				1156	<ul>
				1157
				1158	<li>
				1159
				1160	<p>Syntax:</p>
				1161
				1162	<div>
				1163	<div>
				1164	<pre class="source">sin(numeric_value)
				1165	</pre></div></div>
				1166	</li>
				1167	<li>
				1168
				1169	<p>Computes the sine value of the argument.</p>
				1170	</li>
				1171	<li>Arguments:
				1172	<ul>
				1173
				1174	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				1175	</ul>
				1176	</li>
				1177	<li>Return Value:
				1178	<ul>
				1179
				1180	<li>the <tt>double</tt> sine value for the argument,</li>
				1181	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1182	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				1183	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				1184	</ul>
				1185	</li>
				1186	<li>
				1187
				1188	<p>Example:</p>
				1189
				1190	<div>
				1191	<div>
				1192	<pre class="source">{ "v1": sin(1), "v2": sin(2), "v3": sin(0), "v4": sin(float("0.5")), "v5": sin(double("1000")) };
				1193	</pre></div></div>
				1194	</li>
				1195	<li>
				1196
				1197	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				1198
				1199	<div>
				1200	<div>
				1201	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 0.8414709848078965, "v2": 0.9092974268256817, "v3": 0.0, "v4": 0.479425538604203, "v5": 0.8268795405320025 }
				1202	</pre></div></div>
				1203	</li>
				1204	</ul></div>
				1205	<div class="section">
				1206	<h3><a name="sinh"></a>sinh</h3>
				1207	<ul>
				1208
				1209	<li>
				1210
				1211	<p>Syntax:</p>
				1212
				1213	<div>
				1214	<div>
				1215	<pre class="source">sinh(numeric_value)
				1216	</pre></div></div>
				1217	</li>
				1218	<li>
				1219
				1220	<p>Computes the hyperbolic sine value of the argument.</p>
				1221	</li>
				1222	<li>Arguments:
				1223	<ul>
				1224
				1225	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				1226	</ul>
				1227	</li>
				1228	<li>Return Value:
				1229	<ul>
				1230
				1231	<li>the <tt>double</tt> hyperbolic sine value for the argument,</li>
				1232	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1233	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				1234	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				1235	</ul>
				1236	</li>
				1237	<li>
				1238
				1239	<p>Example:</p>
				1240
				1241	<div>
				1242	<div>
				1243	<pre class="source">{ "v1": sinh(1), "v2": sinh(2), "v3": sinh(0), "v4": sinh(float("0.5")), "v5": sinh(double("8")) };
				1244	</pre></div></div>
				1245	</li>
				1246	<li>
				1247
				1248	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				1249
				1250	<div>
				1251	<div>
				1252	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 1.1752011936438014, "v2": 3.626860407847019, "v3": 0.0, "v4": 0.5210953054937474, "v5": 1490.4788257895502 }
				1253	</pre></div></div>
				1254	</li>
				1255	</ul></div>
				1256	<div class="section">
				1257	<h3><a name="sqrt"></a>sqrt</h3>
				1258	<ul>
				1259
				1260	<li>
				1261
				1262	<p>Syntax:</p>
				1263
				1264	<div>
				1265	<div>
				1266	<pre class="source">sqrt(numeric_value)
				1267	</pre></div></div>
				1268	</li>
				1269	<li>
				1270
				1271	<p>Computes the square root of the argument.</p>
				1272	</li>
				1273	<li>Arguments:
				1274	<ul>
				1275
				1276	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				1277	</ul>
				1278	</li>
				1279	<li>Return Value:
				1280	<ul>
				1281
				1282	<li>the <tt>double</tt> square root value for the argument,</li>
				1283	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1284	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				1285	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				1286	</ul>
				1287	</li>
				1288	<li>
				1289
				1290	<p>Example:</p>
				1291
				1292	<div>
				1293	<div>
				1294	<pre class="source">{ "v1": sqrt(1), "v2": sqrt(2), "v3": sqrt(0), "v4": sqrt(float("0.5")), "v5": sqrt(double("1000")) };
				1295	</pre></div></div>
				1296	</li>
				1297	<li>
				1298
				1299	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				1300
				1301	<div>
				1302	<div>
				1303	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 1.0, "v2": 1.4142135623730951, "v3": 0.0, "v4": 0.7071067811865476, "v5": 31.622776601683793 }
				1304	</pre></div></div>
				1305	</li>
				1306	</ul></div>
				1307	<div class="section">
				1308	<h3><a name="tan"></a>tan</h3>
				1309	<ul>
				1310
				1311	<li>
				1312
				1313	<p>Syntax:</p>
				1314
				1315	<div>
				1316	<div>
				1317	<pre class="source">tan(numeric_value)
				1318	</pre></div></div>
				1319	</li>
				1320	<li>
				1321
				1322	<p>Computes the tangent value of the argument.</p>
				1323	</li>
				1324	<li>Arguments:
				1325	<ul>
				1326
				1327	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				1328	</ul>
				1329	</li>
				1330	<li>Return Value:
				1331	<ul>
				1332
				1333	<li>the <tt>double</tt> tangent value for the argument,</li>
				1334	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1335	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				1336	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				1337	</ul>
				1338	</li>
				1339	<li>
				1340
				1341	<p>Example:</p>
				1342
				1343	<div>
				1344	<div>
				1345	<pre class="source">{ "v1": tan(1), "v2": tan(2), "v3": tan(0), "v4": tan(float("0.5")), "v5": tan(double("1000")) };
				1346	</pre></div></div>
				1347	</li>
				1348	<li>
				1349
				1350	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				1351
				1352	<div>
				1353	<div>
				1354	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 1.5574077246549023, "v2": -2.185039863261519, "v3": 0.0, "v4": 0.5463024898437905, "v5": 1.4703241557027185 }
				1355	</pre></div></div>
				1356	</li>
				1357	</ul></div>
				1358	<div class="section">
				1359	<h3><a name="tanh"></a>tanh</h3>
				1360	<ul>
				1361
				1362	<li>
				1363
				1364	<p>Syntax:</p>
				1365
				1366	<div>
				1367	<div>
				1368	<pre class="source">tanh(numeric_value)
				1369	</pre></div></div>
				1370	</li>
				1371	<li>
				1372
				1373	<p>Computes the hyperbolic tangent value of the argument.</p>
				1374	</li>
				1375	<li>Arguments:
				1376	<ul>
				1377
				1378	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				1379	</ul>
				1380	</li>
				1381	<li>Return Value:
				1382	<ul>
				1383
				1384	<li>the <tt>double</tt> hyperbolic tangent value for the argument,</li>
				1385	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1386	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				1387	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				1388	</ul>
				1389	</li>
				1390	<li>
				1391
				1392	<p>Example:</p>
				1393
				1394	<div>
				1395	<div>
				1396	<pre class="source">{ "v1": tanh(1), "v2": tanh(2), "v3": tanh(0), "v4": tanh(float("0.5")), "v5": tanh(double("8")) };
				1397	</pre></div></div>
				1398	</li>
				1399	<li>
				1400
				1401	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				1402
				1403	<div>
				1404	<div>
				1405	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 0.7615941559557649, "v2": 0.964027580075817, "v3": 0.0, "v4": 0.4621171572600098, "v5": 0.999999774929676 }
				1406	</pre></div></div>
				1407	</li>
				1408	</ul></div>
				1409	<div class="section">
				1410	<h3><a name="trunc"></a>trunc</h3>
				1411	<ul>
				1412
				1413	<li>
				1414
				1415	<p>Syntax:</p>
				1416
				1417	<div>
				1418	<div>
				1419	<pre class="source">trunc(numeric_value, number_digits)
				1420	</pre></div></div>
				1421	</li>
				1422	<li>
				1423
				1424	<p>Truncates the number to the given number of integer digits to the right of the decimal point (left if digits is negative). Digits is 0 if not given.</p>
				1425	</li>
				1426	<li>Arguments:
				1427	<ul>
				1428
				1429	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value,</li>
				1430	<li><tt>number_digits</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt> value.</li>
				1431	</ul>
				1432	</li>
				1433	<li>Return Value:
				1434	<ul>
				1435
				1436	<li>the <tt>double</tt> tangent value for the argument,</li>
				1437	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1438	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				1439	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				1440	<ul>
				1441
				1442	<li>the first argument is any other non-numeric value,</li>
				1443	<li>the second argument is any other non-tinyint, non-smallint, non-integer, and non-bigint value.</li>
				1444	</ul>
				1445	</li>
				1446	</ul>
				1447	</li>
				1448	<li>
				1449
				1450	<p>Example:</p>
				1451
				1452	<div>
				1453	<div>
				1454	<pre class="source">{ "v1": trunc(1, 1), "v2": trunc(2, -2), "v3": trunc(0.122, 2), "v4": trunc(float("11.52"), -1), "v5": trunc(double("1000.5252"), 3) };
				1455	</pre></div></div>
				1456	</li>
				1457	<li>
				1458
				1459	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				1460
				1461	<div>
				1462	<div>
				1463	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 1, "v2": 2, "v3": 0.12, "v4": 10.0, "v5": 1000.525 }
				1464	</pre></div></div>
				1465	</li>
				1466	</ul><!--
				1467	! Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
				1468	! or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
				1469	! distributed with this work for additional information
				1470	! regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
				1471	! to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
				1472	! "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
				1473	! with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
				1474	!
				1475	! http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
				1476	!
				1477	! Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
				1478	! software distributed under the License is distributed on an
				1479	! "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
				1480	! KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
				1481	! specific language governing permissions and limitations
				1482	! under the License.
				1483	!-->
				1484	</div>
				1485	<div class="section">
				1486	<h3><a name="round_half_to_even"></a>round_half_to_even</h3>
				1487	<ul>
				1488
				1489	<li>
				1490
				1491	<p>Syntax:</p>
				1492
				1493	<div>
				1494	<div>
				1495	<pre class="source">round_half_to_even(numeric_value, [precision])
				1496	</pre></div></div>
				1497	</li>
				1498	<li>
				1499
				1500	<p>Computes the closest numeric value to <tt>numeric_value</tt> that is a multiple of ten to the power of minus <tt>precision</tt>. <tt>precision</tt> is optional and by default value <tt>0</tt> is used.</p>
				1501	</li>
				1502	<li>Arguments:
				1503	<ul>
				1504
				1505	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				1506	<li><tt>precision</tt>: an optional <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt> field representing the number of digits in the fraction of the the result</li>
				1507	</ul>
				1508	</li>
				1509	<li>Return Value:
				1510	<ul>
				1511
				1512	<li>The rounded value for the given number in the same type as the input argument,</li>
				1513	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1514	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1515	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				1516	<ul>
				1517
				1518	<li>the first argument is any other non-numeric value,</li>
				1519	<li>or, the second argument is any other non-tinyint, non-smallint, non-integer, or non-bigint value.</li>
				1520	</ul>
				1521	</li>
				1522	</ul>
				1523	</li>
				1524	<li>
				1525
				1526	<p>Example:</p>
				1527
				1528	<div>
				1529	<div>
				1530	<pre class="source">{
				1531	"v1": round_half_to_even(2013),
				1532	"v2": round_half_to_even(-4036),
				1533	"v3": round_half_to_even(0.8),
				1534	"v4": round_half_to_even(float("-2013.256")),
				1535	"v5": round_half_to_even(double("-2013.893823748327284")),
				1536	"v6": round_half_to_even(double("-2013.893823748327284"), 2),
				1537	"v7": round_half_to_even(2013, 4),
				1538	"v8": round_half_to_even(float("-2013.256"), 5)
				1539	};
				1540	</pre></div></div>
				1541	</li>
				1542	<li>
				1543
				1544	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				1545
				1546	<div>
				1547	<div>
				1548	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 2013, "v2": -4036, "v3": 1.0, "v4": -2013.0, "v5": -2014.0, "v6": -2013.89, "v7": 2013, "v8": -2013.256 }
				1549	</pre></div></div>
				1550	</li>
				1551	</ul><!--
				1552	! Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
				1553	! or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
				1554	! distributed with this work for additional information
				1555	! regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
				1556	! to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
				1557	! "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
				1558	! with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
				1559	!
				1560	! http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
				1561	!
				1562	! Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
				1563	! software distributed under the License is distributed on an
				1564	! "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
				1565	! KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
				1566	! specific language governing permissions and limitations
				1567	! under the License.
				1568	!-->
				1569	</div></div>
				1570	<div class="section">
				1571	<h2><a name="String_Functions"></a><a name="StringFunctions" id="StringFunctions">String Functions</a></h2>
				1572	<div class="section">
				1573	<h3><a name="concat"></a>concat</h3>
				1574	<ul>
				1575
				1576	<li>
				1577
				1578	<p>Syntax:</p>
				1579
				1580	<div>
				1581	<div>
				1582	<pre class="source">concat(string1, string2, ...)
				1583	</pre></div></div>
				1584	</li>
				1585	<li>
				1586
				1587	<p>Returns a concatenated string from arguments.</p>
				1588	</li>
				1589	<li>Arguments:
				1590	<ul>
				1591
				1592	<li><tt>string1</tt>: a string value,</li>
				1593	<li><tt>string2</tt>: a string value,</li>
				1594	<li>….</li>
				1595	</ul>
				1596	</li>
				1597	<li>Return Value:
				1598	<ul>
				1599
				1600	<li>a concatenated string from arguments,</li>
				1601	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1602	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1603	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error.</li>
				1604	</ul>
				1605	</li>
				1606	<li>
				1607
				1608	<p>Example:</p>
				1609
				1610	<div>
				1611	<div>
				1612	<pre class="source">concat("test ", "driven ", "development");
				1613	</pre></div></div>
				1614	</li>
				1615	<li>
				1616
				1617	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				1618
				1619	<div>
				1620	<div>
				1621	<pre class="source">"test driven development"
				1622	</pre></div></div>
				1623	</li>
				1624	</ul></div>
				1625	<div class="section">
				1626	<h3><a name="contains"></a>contains</h3>
				1627	<ul>
				1628
				1629	<li>
				1630
				1631	<p>Syntax:</p>
				1632
				1633	<div>
				1634	<div>
				1635	<pre class="source">contains(string, substring_to_contain)
				1636	</pre></div></div>
				1637	</li>
				1638	<li>
				1639
				1640	<p>Checks whether the string <tt>string</tt> contains the string <tt>substring_to_contain</tt></p>
				1641	</li>
				1642	<li>Arguments:
				1643	<ul>
				1644
				1645	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> that might contain the given substring,</li>
				1646	<li><tt>substring_to_contain</tt> : a target <tt>string</tt> that might be contained.</li>
				1647	</ul>
				1648	</li>
				1649	<li>Return Value:
				1650	<ul>
				1651
				1652	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> value, <tt>true</tt> if <tt>string</tt> contains <tt>substring_to_contain</tt>,</li>
				1653	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1654	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1655	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error,</li>
				1656	<li><tt>false</tt> otherwise.</li>
				1657	</ul>
				1658	</li>
				1659	<li>
				1660
				1661	<p>Note: an <a href="similarity.html#UsingIndexesToSupportSimilarityQueries">n_gram index</a> can be utilized for this function.</p>
				1662	</li>
				1663	<li>Example:
				1664
				1665	<div>
				1666	<div>
				1667	<pre class="source">{ "v1": contains("I like x-phone", "phone"), "v2": contains("one", "phone") };
				1668	</pre></div></div>
				1669	</li>
				1670	<li>
				1671
				1672	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				1673
				1674	<div>
				1675	<div>
				1676	<pre class="source">{ "v1": true, "v2": false }
				1677	</pre></div></div>
				1678	</li>
				1679	</ul></div>
				1680	<div class="section">
				1681	<h3><a name="ends_with"></a>ends_with</h3>
				1682	<ul>
				1683
				1684	<li>
				1685
				1686	<p>Syntax:</p>
				1687
				1688	<div>
				1689	<div>
				1690	<pre class="source">ends_with(string, substring_to_end_with)
				1691	</pre></div></div>
				1692	</li>
				1693	<li>
				1694
				1695	<p>Checks whether the string <tt>string</tt> ends with the string <tt>substring_to_end_with</tt>.</p>
				1696	</li>
				1697	<li>Arguments:
				1698	<ul>
				1699
				1700	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> that might end with the given string,</li>
				1701	<li><tt>substring_to_end_with</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> that might be contained as the ending substring.</li>
				1702	</ul>
				1703	</li>
				1704	<li>Return Value:
				1705	<ul>
				1706
				1707	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> value, <tt>true</tt> if <tt>string</tt> contains <tt>substring_to_contain</tt>,</li>
				1708	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1709	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1710	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error,</li>
				1711	<li><tt>false</tt> otherwise.</li>
				1712	</ul>
				1713	</li>
				1714	<li>
				1715
				1716	<p>Example:</p>
				1717
				1718	<div>
				1719	<div>
				1720	<pre class="source">{
				1721	"v1": ends_with(" love product-b its shortcut_menu is awesome:)", ":)"),
				1722	"v2": ends_with(" awsome:)", ":-)")
				1723	};
				1724	</pre></div></div>
				1725	</li>
				1726	<li>
				1727
				1728	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				1729
				1730	<div>
				1731	<div>
				1732	<pre class="source">{ "v1": true, "v2": false }
				1733	</pre></div></div>
				1734	</li>
				1735	</ul></div>
				1736	<div class="section">
				1737	<h3><a name="initcap_.28or_title.29"></a>initcap (or title)</h3>
				1738	<ul>
				1739
				1740	<li>
				1741
				1742	<p>Syntax:</p>
				1743
				1744	<div>
				1745	<div>
				1746	<pre class="source">initcap(string)
				1747	</pre></div></div>
				1748	</li>
				1749	<li>
				1750
				1751	<p>Converts a given string <tt>string</tt> so that the first letter of each word is uppercase and every other letter is lowercase. The function has an alias called “title”.</p>
				1752	</li>
				1753	<li>Arguments:
				1754	<ul>
				1755
				1756	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> to be converted.</li>
				1757	</ul>
				1758	</li>
				1759	<li>Return Value:
				1760	<ul>
				1761
				1762	<li>a <tt>string</tt> as the title form of the given <tt>string</tt>,</li>
				1763	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1764	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				1765	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error.</li>
				1766	</ul>
				1767	</li>
				1768	<li>
				1769
				1770	<p>Example:</p>
				1771
				1772	<div>
				1773	<div>
				1774	<pre class="source">{ "v1": initcap("ASTERIXDB is here!"), "v2": title("ASTERIXDB is here!") };
				1775	</pre></div></div>
				1776	</li>
				1777	<li>
				1778
				1779	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				1780
				1781	<div>
				1782	<div>
				1783	<pre class="source">{ "v1": "Asterixdb Is Here!", "v2": "Asterixdb Is Here!" }
				1784	</pre></div></div>
				1785	</li>
				1786	</ul></div>
				1787	<div class="section">
				1788	<h3><a name="length"></a>length</h3>
				1789	<ul>
				1790
				1791	<li>
				1792
				1793	<p>Syntax:</p>
				1794
				1795	<div>
				1796	<div>
				1797	<pre class="source">length(string)
				1798	</pre></div></div>
				1799	</li>
				1800	<li>
				1801
				1802	<p>Returns the length of the string <tt>string</tt>.</p>
				1803	</li>
				1804	<li>Arguments:
				1805	<ul>
				1806
				1807	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> or <tt>null</tt> that represents the string to be checked.</li>
				1808	</ul>
				1809	</li>
				1810	<li>Return Value:
				1811	<ul>
				1812
				1813	<li>an <tt>bigint</tt> that represents the length of <tt>string</tt>,</li>
				1814	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1815	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				1816	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error.</li>
				1817	</ul>
				1818	</li>
				1819	<li>
				1820
				1821	<p>Example:</p>
				1822
				1823	<div>
				1824	<div>
				1825	<pre class="source">length("test string");
				1826	</pre></div></div>
				1827	</li>
				1828	<li>
				1829
				1830	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				1831
				1832	<div>
				1833	<div>
				1834	<pre class="source">11
				1835	</pre></div></div>
				1836	</li>
				1837	</ul></div>
				1838	<div class="section">
				1839	<h3><a name="lower"></a>lower</h3>
				1840	<ul>
				1841
				1842	<li>
				1843
				1844	<p>Syntax:</p>
				1845
				1846	<div>
				1847	<div>
				1848	<pre class="source">lower(string)
				1849	</pre></div></div>
				1850	</li>
				1851	<li>
				1852
				1853	<p>Converts a given string <tt>string</tt> to its lowercase form.</p>
				1854	</li>
				1855	<li>Arguments:
				1856	<ul>
				1857
				1858	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> to be converted.</li>
				1859	</ul>
				1860	</li>
				1861	<li>Return Value:
				1862	<ul>
				1863
				1864	<li>a <tt>string</tt> as the lowercase form of the given <tt>string</tt>,</li>
				1865	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1866	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				1867	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error.</li>
				1868	</ul>
				1869	</li>
				1870	<li>
				1871
				1872	<p>Example:</p>
				1873
				1874	<div>
				1875	<div>
				1876	<pre class="source">lower("ASTERIXDB");
				1877	</pre></div></div>
				1878	</li>
				1879	<li>
				1880
				1881	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				1882
				1883	<div>
				1884	<div>
				1885	<pre class="source">"asterixdb"
				1886	</pre></div></div>
				1887	</li>
				1888	</ul></div>
				1889	<div class="section">
				1890	<h3><a name="ltrim"></a>ltrim</h3>
				1891	<ul>
				1892
				1893	<li>
				1894
				1895	<p>Syntax:</p>
				1896
				1897	<div>
				1898	<div>
				1899	<pre class="source">ltrim(string[, chars]);
				1900	</pre></div></div>
				1901	</li>
				1902	<li>
				1903
				1904	<p>Returns a new string with all leading characters that appear in <tt>chars</tt> removed. By default, white space is the character to trim.</p>
				1905	</li>
				1906	<li>Arguments:
				1907	<ul>
				1908
				1909	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> to be trimmed,</li>
				1910	<li><tt>chars</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> that contains characters that are used to trim.</li>
				1911	</ul>
				1912	</li>
				1913	<li>Return Value:
				1914	<ul>
				1915
				1916	<li>a trimmed, new <tt>string</tt>,</li>
				1917	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1918	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1919	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error.</li>
				1920	</ul>
				1921	</li>
				1922	<li>
				1923
				1924	<p>Example:</p>
				1925
				1926	<div>
				1927	<div>
				1928	<pre class="source">ltrim("me like x-phone", "eml");
				1929	</pre></div></div>
				1930	</li>
				1931	<li>
				1932
				1933	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				1934
				1935	<div>
				1936	<div>
				1937	<pre class="source">" like x-phone"
				1938	</pre></div></div>
				1939	</li>
				1940	</ul></div>
				1941	<div class="section">
				1942	<h3><a name="position"></a>position</h3>
				1943	<ul>
				1944
				1945	<li>
				1946
				1947	<p>Syntax:</p>
				1948
				1949	<div>
				1950	<div>
				1951	<pre class="source">position(string, string_pattern)
				1952	</pre></div></div>
				1953	</li>
				1954	<li>
				1955
				1956	<p>Returns the first position of <tt>string_pattern</tt> within <tt>string</tt>. The function returns the 0-based position. Another version of the function returns the 1-based position. Below are the aliases for each version:</p>
				1957	</li>
				1958	<li>
				1959
				1960	<p>Aliases:</p>
				1961	<ul>
				1962
				1963	<li>0-based: <tt>position</tt>, <tt>pos</tt>, <tt>position0</tt>, <tt>pos0</tt>.</li>
				1964	<li>1-based: <tt>position1</tt>, <tt>pos1</tt>.</li>
				1965	</ul>
				1966	</li>
				1967	<li>
				1968
				1969	<p>Arguments:</p>
				1970	<ul>
				1971
				1972	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> that might contain the pattern.</li>
				1973	<li><tt>string_pattern</tt> : a pattern <tt>string</tt> to be matched.</li>
				1974	</ul>
				1975	</li>
				1976	<li>Return Value:
				1977	<ul>
				1978
				1979	<li>the first position that <tt>string_pattern</tt> appears within <tt>string</tt> (starting at 0), or -1 if it does not appear,</li>
				1980	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1981	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1982	<li>any other non-string input value will return a <tt>null</tt>.</li>
				1983	</ul>
				1984	</li>
				1985	<li>
				1986
				1987	<p>Example:</p>
				1988
				1989	<div>
				1990	<div>
				1991	<pre class="source">{
				1992	"v1": position("ppphonepp", "phone"),
				1993	"v2": position("hone", "phone"),
				1994	"v3": position1("ppphonepp", "phone"),
				1995	"v4": position1("hone", "phone"),
				1996	};
				1997	</pre></div></div>
				1998	</li>
				1999	<li>
				2000
				2001	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				2002
				2003	<div>
				2004	<div>
				2005	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 2, "v2": -1, v3": 3, "v4": -1 }
				2006	</pre></div></div>
				2007	</li>
				2008	</ul></div>
				2009	<div class="section">
				2010	<h3><a name="regexp_contains"></a>regexp_contains</h3>
				2011	<ul>
				2012
				2013	<li>
				2014
				2015	<p>Syntax:</p>
				2016
				2017	<div>
				2018	<div>
				2019	<pre class="source">regexp_contains(string, string_pattern[, string_flags])
				2020	</pre></div></div>
				2021	</li>
				2022	<li>
				2023
				2024	<p>Checks whether the strings <tt>string</tt> contains the regular expression pattern <tt>string_pattern</tt> (a Java regular expression pattern).</p>
				2025	</li>
				2026	<li>
				2027
				2028	<p>Aliases:</p>
				2029	<ul>
				2030
				2031	<li><tt>regexp_contains</tt>, <tt>regex_contains</tt>, <tt>contains_regexp</tt>, <tt>contains_regex</tt>.</li>
				2032	</ul>
				2033	</li>
				2034	<li>
				2035
				2036	<p>Arguments:</p>
				2037	<ul>
				2038
				2039	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> that might contain the pattern.</li>
				2040	<li><tt>string_pattern</tt> : a pattern <tt>string</tt> to be matched.</li>
				2041	<li><tt>string_flag</tt> : (Optional) a <tt>string</tt> with flags to be used during regular expression matching.
				2042	<ul>
				2043
				2044	<li>The following modes are enabled with these flags: dotall (s), multiline (m), case_insensitive (i), and comments and whitespace (x).</li>
				2045	</ul>
				2046	</li>
				2047	</ul>
				2048	</li>
				2049	<li>Return Value:
				2050	<ul>
				2051
				2052	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt>, returns <tt>true</tt> if <tt>string</tt> contains the pattern <tt>string_pattern</tt>, <tt>false</tt> otherwise.</li>
				2053	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				2054	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				2055	<li>any other non-string input value will return a <tt>null</tt>.</li>
				2056	</ul>
				2057	</li>
				2058	<li>
				2059
				2060	<p>Example:</p>
				2061
				2062	<div>
				2063	<div>
				2064	<pre class="source">{
				2065	"v1": regexp_contains("pphonepp", "p*hone"),
				2066	"v2": regexp_contains("hone", "p+hone")
				2067	};
				2068	</pre></div></div>
				2069	</li>
				2070	<li>
				2071
				2072	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				2073
				2074	<div>
				2075	<div>
				2076	<pre class="source">{ "v1": true, "v2": false }
				2077	</pre></div></div>
				2078	</li>
				2079	</ul></div>
				2080	<div class="section">
				2081	<h3><a name="regexp_like"></a>regexp_like</h3>
				2082	<ul>
				2083
				2084	<li>
				2085
				2086	<p>Syntax:</p>
				2087
				2088	<div>
				2089	<div>
				2090	<pre class="source">regexp_like(string, string_pattern[, string_flags])
				2091	</pre></div></div>
				2092	</li>
				2093	<li>
				2094
				2095	<p>Checks whether the string <tt>string</tt> exactly matches the regular expression pattern <tt>string_pattern</tt> (a Java regular expression pattern).</p>
				2096	</li>
				2097	<li>
				2098
				2099	<p>Aliases:</p>
				2100	<ul>
				2101
				2102	<li><tt>regexp_like</tt>, <tt>regex_like</tt>.</li>
				2103	</ul>
				2104	</li>
				2105	<li>
				2106
				2107	<p>Arguments:</p>
				2108	<ul>
				2109
				2110	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> that might contain the pattern.</li>
				2111	<li><tt>string_pattern</tt> : a pattern <tt>string</tt> that might be contained.</li>
				2112	<li><tt>string_flag</tt> : (Optional) a <tt>string</tt> with flags to be used during regular expression matching.
				2113	<ul>
				2114
				2115	<li>The following modes are enabled with these flags: dotall (s), multiline (m), case_insensitive (i), and comments and whitespace (x).</li>
				2116	</ul>
				2117	</li>
				2118	</ul>
				2119	</li>
				2120	<li>Return Value:
				2121	<ul>
				2122
				2123	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> value, <tt>true</tt> if <tt>string</tt> contains the pattern <tt>string_pattern</tt>, <tt>false</tt> otherwise.</li>
				2124	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				2125	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				2126	<li>any other non-string input value will return a <tt>null</tt>.</li>
				2127	</ul>
				2128	</li>
				2129	<li>
				2130
				2131	<p>Example:</p>
				2132
				2133	<div>
				2134	<div>
				2135	<pre class="source">{
				2136	"v1": regexp_like(" can't stand acast the network is horrible:(", ".acast."),
				2137	"v2": regexp_like("acast", ".acst.")
				2138	};
				2139	</pre></div></div>
				2140	</li>
				2141	<li>
				2142
				2143	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				2144
				2145	<div>
				2146	<div>
				2147	<pre class="source">{ "v1": true, "v2": false }
				2148	</pre></div></div>
				2149	</li>
				2150	</ul></div>
				2151	<div class="section">
				2152	<h3><a name="regexp_position"></a>regexp_position</h3>
				2153	<ul>
				2154
				2155	<li>
				2156
				2157	<p>Syntax:</p>
				2158
				2159	<div>
				2160	<div>
				2161	<pre class="source">regexp_position(string, string_pattern[, string_flags])
				2162	</pre></div></div>
				2163	</li>
				2164	<li>
				2165
				2166	<p>Returns first position of the regular expression <tt>string_pattern</tt> (a Java regular expression pattern) within <tt>string</tt>. The function returns the 0-based position. Another version of the function returns the 1-based position. Below are the aliases for each version:</p>
				2167	</li>
				2168	<li>
				2169
				2170	<p>Aliases:</p>
				2171	<ul>
				2172
				2173	<li>0-Based: <tt>regexp_position</tt>, <tt>regexp_pos</tt>, <tt>regexp_position0</tt>, <tt>regexp_pos0</tt>, <tt>regex_position</tt>, <tt>regex_pos</tt>, <tt>regex_position0</tt>, <tt>regex_pos0</tt>.</li>
				2174	<li>1-Based: <tt>regexp_position1</tt>, <tt>regexp_pos1</tt>, <tt>regex_position1</tt> <tt>regex_pos1</tt>.</li>
				2175	</ul>
				2176	</li>
				2177	<li>
				2178
				2179	<p>Arguments:</p>
				2180	<ul>
				2181
				2182	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> that might contain the pattern.</li>
				2183	<li><tt>string_pattern</tt> : a pattern <tt>string</tt> to be matched.</li>
				2184	<li><tt>string_flag</tt> : (Optional) a <tt>string</tt> with flags to be used during regular expression matching.
				2185	<ul>
				2186
				2187	<li>The following modes are enabled with these flags: dotall (s), multiline (m), case_insensitive (i), and comments and whitespace (x).</li>
				2188	</ul>
				2189	</li>
				2190	</ul>
				2191	</li>
				2192	<li>Return Value:
				2193	<ul>
				2194
				2195	<li>the first position that the regular expression <tt>string_pattern</tt> appears in <tt>string</tt> (starting at 0), or -1 if it does not appear.</li>
				2196	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2197	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2198	<li>any other non-string input value will return a <tt>null</tt>.</li>
				2199	</ul>
				2200	</li>
				2201	<li>
				2202
				2203	<p>Example:</p>
				2204
				2205	<div>
				2206	<div>
				2207	<pre class="source">{
				2208	"v1": regexp_position("pphonepp", "p*hone"),
				2209	"v2": regexp_position("hone", "p+hone"),
				2210	"v3": regexp_position1("pphonepp", "p*hone"),
				2211	"v4": regexp_position1("hone", "p+hone")
				2212	};
				2213	</pre></div></div>
				2214	</li>
				2215	<li>
				2216
				2217	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				2218
				2219	<div>
				2220	<div>
				2221	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 0, "v2": -1, "v3": 1, "v4": -1 }
				2222	</pre></div></div>
				2223	</li>
				2224	</ul></div>
				2225	<div class="section">
				2226	<h3><a name="regexp_replace"></a>regexp_replace</h3>
				2227	<ul>
				2228
				2229	<li>
				2230
				2231	<p>Syntax:</p>
				2232
				2233	<div>
				2234	<div>
				2235	<pre class="source">regexp_replace(string, string_pattern, string_replacement[, string_flags])
				2236	regexp_replace(string, string_pattern, string_replacement[, replacement_limit])
				2237	</pre></div></div>
				2238	</li>
				2239	<li>
				2240
				2241	<p>Checks whether the string <tt>string</tt> matches the given regular expression pattern <tt>string_pattern</tt> (a Java regular expression pattern), and replaces the matched pattern <tt>string_pattern</tt> with the new pattern <tt>string_replacement</tt>.</p>
				2242	</li>
				2243	<li>
				2244
				2245	<p>Aliases:</p>
				2246	<ul>
				2247
				2248	<li><tt>regexp_replace</tt>, <tt>regex_replace</tt>.</li>
				2249	</ul>
				2250	</li>
				2251	<li>
				2252
				2253	<p>Arguments:</p>
				2254	<ul>
				2255
				2256	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> that might contain the pattern.</li>
				2257	<li><tt>string_pattern</tt> : a pattern <tt>string</tt> to be matched.</li>
				2258	<li><tt>string_replacement</tt> : a pattern <tt>string</tt> to be used as the replacement.</li>
				2259	<li><tt>string_flag</tt> : (Optional) a <tt>string</tt> with flags to be used during replace.
				2260	<ul>
				2261
				2262	<li>The following modes are enabled with these flags: dotall (s), multiline (m), case_insensitive (i), and comments and whitespace (x).</li>
				2263	</ul>
				2264	</li>
				2265	<li><tt>replacement_limit</tt>: (Optional) an <tt>integer</tt> specifying the maximum number of replacements to make (if negative then all occurrences will be replaced)</li>
				2266	</ul>
				2267	</li>
				2268	<li>Return Value:
				2269	<ul>
				2270
				2271	<li>Returns a <tt>string</tt> that is obtained after the replacements.</li>
				2272	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				2273	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				2274	<li>any other non-string input value will return a <tt>null</tt>.</li>
				2275	</ul>
				2276	</li>
				2277	<li>
				2278
				2279	<p>Example:</p>
				2280
				2281	<div>
				2282	<div>
				2283	<pre class="source">regexp_replace(" like x-phone the voicemail_service is awesome", " like x-phone", "like product-a");
				2284	</pre></div></div>
				2285	</li>
				2286	<li>
				2287
				2288	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				2289
				2290	<div>
				2291	<div>
				2292	<pre class="source">"like product-a the voicemail_service is awesome"
				2293	</pre></div></div>
				2294	</li>
				2295	</ul></div>
				2296	<div class="section">
				2297	<h3><a name="repeat"></a>repeat</h3>
				2298	<ul>
				2299
				2300	<li>
				2301
				2302	<p>Syntax:</p>
				2303
				2304	<div>
				2305	<div>
				2306	<pre class="source">repeat(string, n)
				2307	</pre></div></div>
				2308	</li>
				2309	<li>
				2310
				2311	<p>Returns a string formed by repeating the input <tt>string</tt> <tt>n</tt> times.</p>
				2312	</li>
				2313	<li>Arguments:
				2314	<ul>
				2315
				2316	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> to be repeated,</li>
				2317	<li><tt>n</tt> : an <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt> value - how many times the string should be repeated.</li>
				2318	</ul>
				2319	</li>
				2320	<li>Return Value:
				2321	<ul>
				2322
				2323	<li>a string that repeats the input <tt>string</tt> <tt>n</tt> times,</li>
				2324	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2325	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2326	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				2327	<ul>
				2328
				2329	<li>the first argument is any other non-string value,</li>
				2330	<li>or, the second argument is not a <tt>tinyint</tt>, <tt>smallint</tt>, <tt>integer</tt>, or <tt>bigint</tt>.</li>
				2331	</ul>
				2332	</li>
				2333	</ul>
				2334	</li>
				2335	<li>
				2336
				2337	<p>Example:</p>
				2338
				2339	<div>
				2340	<div>
				2341	<pre class="source">repeat("test", 3);
				2342	</pre></div></div>
				2343	</li>
				2344	<li>
				2345
				2346	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				2347
				2348	<div>
				2349	<div>
				2350	<pre class="source">"testtesttest"
				2351	</pre></div></div>
				2352	</li>
				2353	</ul></div>
				2354	<div class="section">
				2355	<h3><a name="replace"></a>replace</h3>
				2356	<ul>
				2357
				2358	<li>
				2359
				2360	<p>Syntax:</p>
				2361
				2362	<div>
				2363	<div>
				2364	<pre class="source">replace(string, search_string, replacement_string[, limit])
				2365	</pre></div></div>
				2366	</li>
				2367	<li>
				2368
				2369	<p>Finds occurrences of the given substring <tt>search_string</tt> in the input string <tt>string</tt> and replaces them with the new substring <tt>replacement_string</tt>.</p>
				2370	</li>
				2371	<li>Arguments:
				2372	<ul>
				2373
				2374	<li><tt>string</tt> : an input <tt>string</tt>,</li>
				2375	<li><tt>search_string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> substring to be searched for,</li>
				2376	<li><tt>replacement_string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> to be used as the replacement,</li>
				2377	<li><tt>limit</tt> : (Optional) an <tt>integer</tt> - maximum number of occurrences to be replaced. If not specified or negative then all occurrences will be replaced</li>
				2378	</ul>
				2379	</li>
				2380	<li>Return Value:
				2381	<ul>
				2382
				2383	<li>Returns a <tt>string</tt> that is obtained after the replacements,</li>
				2384	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2385	<li>any other non-string input value or non-integer <tt>limit</tt> will cause a type error,</li>
				2386	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				2387	</ul>
				2388	</li>
				2389	<li>
				2390
				2391	<p>Example:</p>
				2392
				2393	<div>
				2394	<div>
				2395	<pre class="source">{
				2396	"v1": replace(" like x-phone the voicemail_service is awesome", " like x-phone", "like product-a"),
				2397	"v2": replace("x-phone and x-phone", "x-phone", "product-a", 1)
				2398	};
				2399	</pre></div></div>
				2400	</li>
				2401	<li>
				2402
				2403	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				2404
				2405	<div>
				2406	<div>
				2407	<pre class="source">{
				2408	"v1": "like product-a the voicemail_service is awesome",
				2409	"v2": "product-a and x-phone"
				2410	}
				2411	</pre></div></div>
				2412	</li>
				2413	</ul></div>
				2414	<div class="section">
				2415	<h3><a name="reverse"></a>reverse</h3>
				2416	<ul>
				2417
				2418	<li>
				2419
				2420	<p>Syntax:</p>
				2421
				2422	<div>
				2423	<div>
				2424	<pre class="source">reverse(string)
				2425	</pre></div></div>
				2426	</li>
				2427	<li>
				2428
				2429	<p>Returns a string formed by reversing characters in the input <tt>string</tt>.</p>
				2430	</li>
				2431	<li>Arguments:
				2432	<ul>
				2433
				2434	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> to be reversed</li>
				2435	</ul>
				2436	</li>
				2437	<li>Return Value:
				2438	<ul>
				2439
				2440	<li>a string containing characters from the the input <tt>string</tt> in the reverse order,</li>
				2441	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2442	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2443	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				2444	<ul>
				2445
				2446	<li>the first argument is any other non-string value</li>
				2447	</ul>
				2448	</li>
				2449	</ul>
				2450	</li>
				2451	<li>
				2452
				2453	<p>Example:</p>
				2454
				2455	<div>
				2456	<div>
				2457	<pre class="source">reverse("hello");
				2458	</pre></div></div>
				2459	</li>
				2460	<li>
				2461
				2462	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				2463
				2464	<div>
				2465	<div>
				2466	<pre class="source">"olleh"
				2467	</pre></div></div>
				2468	</li>
				2469	</ul></div>
				2470	<div class="section">
				2471	<h3><a name="rtrim"></a>rtrim</h3>
				2472	<ul>
				2473
				2474	<li>
				2475
				2476	<p>Syntax:</p>
				2477
				2478	<div>
				2479	<div>
				2480	<pre class="source">rtrim(string[, chars]);
				2481	</pre></div></div>
				2482	</li>
				2483	<li>
				2484
				2485	<p>Returns a new string with all trailing characters that appear in <tt>chars</tt> removed. By default, white space is the character to trim.</p>
				2486	</li>
				2487	<li>Arguments:
				2488	<ul>
				2489
				2490	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> to be trimmed,</li>
				2491	<li><tt>chars</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> that contains characters that are used to trim.</li>
				2492	</ul>
				2493	</li>
				2494	<li>Return Value:
				2495	<ul>
				2496
				2497	<li>a trimmed, new <tt>string</tt>,</li>
				2498	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2499	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2500	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error.</li>
				2501	</ul>
				2502	</li>
				2503	<li>
				2504
				2505	<p>Example:</p>
				2506
				2507	<div>
				2508	<div>
				2509	<pre class="source">{
				2510	"v1": rtrim("i like x-phone", "x-phone"),
				2511	"v2": rtrim("i like x-phone", "onexph")
				2512	};
				2513	</pre></div></div>
				2514	</li>
				2515	<li>
				2516
				2517	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				2518
				2519	<div>
				2520	<div>
				2521	<pre class="source">{ "v1": "i like ", "v2": "i like " }
				2522	</pre></div></div>
				2523	</li>
				2524	</ul></div>
				2525	<div class="section">
				2526	<h3><a name="split"></a>split</h3>
				2527	<ul>
				2528
				2529	<li>
				2530
				2531	<p>Syntax:</p>
				2532
				2533	<div>
				2534	<div>
				2535	<pre class="source">split(string, sep)
				2536	</pre></div></div>
				2537	</li>
				2538	<li>
				2539
				2540	<p>Splits the input <tt>string</tt> into an array of substrings separated by the string <tt>sep</tt>.</p>
				2541	</li>
				2542	<li>Arguments:
				2543	<ul>
				2544
				2545	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> to be split.</li>
				2546	</ul>
				2547	</li>
				2548	<li>Return Value:
				2549	<ul>
				2550
				2551	<li>an array of substrings by splitting the input <tt>string</tt> by <tt>sep</tt>,</li>
				2552	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2553	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				2554	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error.</li>
				2555	</ul>
				2556	</li>
				2557	<li>
				2558
				2559	<p>Example:</p>
				2560
				2561	<div>
				2562	<div>
				2563	<pre class="source">split("test driven development", " ");
				2564	</pre></div></div>
				2565	</li>
				2566	<li>
				2567
				2568	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				2569
				2570	<div>
				2571	<div>
				2572	<pre class="source">[ "test", "driven", "development" ]
				2573	</pre></div></div>
				2574	</li>
				2575	</ul></div>
				2576	<div class="section">
				2577	<h3><a name="starts_with"></a>starts_with</h3>
				2578	<ul>
				2579
				2580	<li>
				2581
				2582	<p>Syntax:</p>
				2583
				2584	<div>
				2585	<div>
				2586	<pre class="source">starts_with(string, substring_to_start_with)
				2587	</pre></div></div>
				2588	</li>
				2589	<li>
				2590
				2591	<p>Checks whether the string <tt>string</tt> starts with the string <tt>substring_to_start_with</tt>.</p>
				2592	</li>
				2593	<li>Arguments:
				2594	<ul>
				2595
				2596	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> that might start with the given string.</li>
				2597	<li><tt>substring_to_start_with</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> that might be contained as the starting substring.</li>
				2598	</ul>
				2599	</li>
				2600	<li>Return Value:
				2601	<ul>
				2602
				2603	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt>, returns <tt>true</tt> if <tt>string</tt> starts with the string <tt>substring_to_start_with</tt>,</li>
				2604	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2605	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2606	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error,</li>
				2607	<li><tt>false</tt> otherwise.</li>
				2608	</ul>
				2609	</li>
				2610	<li>
				2611
				2612	<p>Example:</p>
				2613
				2614	<div>
				2615	<div>
				2616	<pre class="source">{
				2617	"v1" : starts_with(" like the plan, amazing", " like"),
				2618	"v2" : starts_with("I like the plan, amazing", " like")
				2619	};
				2620	</pre></div></div>
				2621	</li>
				2622	<li>
				2623
				2624	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				2625
				2626	<div>
				2627	<div>
				2628	<pre class="source">{ "v1": true, "v2": false }
				2629	</pre></div></div>
				2630	</li>
				2631	</ul></div>
				2632	<div class="section">
				2633	<h3><a name="substr"></a>substr</h3>
				2634	<ul>
				2635
				2636	<li>
				2637
				2638	<p>Syntax:</p>
				2639
				2640	<div>
				2641	<div>
				2642	<pre class="source">substr(string, offset[, length])
				2643	</pre></div></div>
				2644	</li>
				2645	<li>
				2646
				2647	<p>Returns the substring from the given string <tt>string</tt> based on the given start offset <tt>offset</tt> with the optional <tt>length</tt>. The function uses the 0-based position. Another version of the function uses the 1-based position. Below are the aliases for each version:</p>
				2648	</li>
				2649	<li>
				2650
				2651	<p>Aliases:</p>
				2652	<ul>
				2653
				2654	<li>0-Based: <tt>substring</tt>, <tt>substr</tt>, <tt>substring0</tt>, <tt>substr0</tt>.</li>
				2655	<li>1-Based: <tt>substring1</tt>, <tt>substr1</tt>.</li>
				2656	</ul>
				2657	</li>
				2658	<li>
				2659
				2660	<p>Arguments:</p>
				2661	<ul>
				2662
				2663	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> to be extracted.</li>
				2664	<li><tt>offset</tt> : an <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt> value as the starting offset of the substring in <tt>string</tt> (starting at 0). If negative then counted from the end of the string.</li>
				2665	<li><tt>length</tt> : (Optional) an an <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt> value as the length of the substring.</li>
				2666	</ul>
				2667	</li>
				2668	<li>Return Value:
				2669	<ul>
				2670
				2671	<li>a <tt>string</tt> that represents the substring,</li>
				2672	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2673	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value, or if the substring could not be obtained because the starting offset is not within string bounds or <tt>length</tt> is negative.</li>
				2674	<li>a <tt>null</tt> will be returned if:
				2675	<ul>
				2676
				2677	<li>the first argument is any other non-string value.</li>
				2678	<li>the second argument is not a <tt>tinyint</tt>, <tt>smallint</tt>, <tt>integer</tt>, or <tt>bigint</tt>.</li>
				2679	<li>the third argument is not a <tt>tinyint</tt>, <tt>smallint</tt>, <tt>integer</tt>, or <tt>bigint</tt> if the argument is present.</li>
				2680	</ul>
				2681	</li>
				2682	</ul>
				2683	</li>
				2684	<li>
				2685
				2686	<p>Example:</p>
				2687
				2688	<div>
				2689	<div>
				2690	<pre class="source">{ "v1": substr("test string", 6, 3), "v2": substr1("test string", 6, 3) };
				2691	</pre></div></div>
				2692	</li>
				2693	<li>
				2694
				2695	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				2696
				2697	<div>
				2698	<div>
				2699	<pre class="source">{ "v1": "tri", "v2": "str" }
				2700	</pre></div></div>
				2701	</li>
				2702	</ul>
				2703	<p>The function has an alias <tt>substring</tt>.</p></div>
				2704	<div class="section">
				2705	<h3><a name="trim"></a>trim</h3>
				2706	<ul>
				2707
				2708	<li>
				2709
				2710	<p>Syntax:</p>
				2711
				2712	<div>
				2713	<div>
				2714	<pre class="source">trim(string[, chars]);
				2715	</pre></div></div>
				2716	</li>
				2717	<li>
				2718
				2719	<p>Returns a new string with all leading characters that appear in <tt>chars</tt> removed. By default, white space is the character to trim.</p>
				2720	</li>
				2721	<li>Arguments:
				2722	<ul>
				2723
				2724	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> to be trimmed,</li>
				2725	<li><tt>chars</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> that contains characters that are used to trim.</li>
				2726	</ul>
				2727	</li>
				2728	<li>Return Value:
				2729	<ul>
				2730
				2731	<li>a trimmed, new <tt>string</tt>,</li>
				2732	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2733	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2734	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error.</li>
				2735	</ul>
				2736	</li>
				2737	<li>
				2738
				2739	<p>Example:</p>
				2740
				2741	<div>
				2742	<div>
				2743	<pre class="source">trim("i like x-phone", "xphoen");
				2744	</pre></div></div>
				2745	</li>
				2746	<li>
				2747
				2748	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				2749
				2750	<div>
				2751	<div>
				2752	<pre class="source">" like "
				2753	</pre></div></div>
				2754	</li>
				2755	</ul></div>
				2756	<div class="section">
				2757	<h3><a name="upper"></a>upper</h3>
				2758	<ul>
				2759
				2760	<li>
				2761
				2762	<p>Syntax:</p>
				2763
				2764	<div>
				2765	<div>
				2766	<pre class="source">upper(string)
				2767	</pre></div></div>
				2768	</li>
				2769	<li>
				2770
				2771	<p>Converts a given string <tt>string</tt> to its uppercase form.</p>
				2772	</li>
				2773	<li>Arguments:
				2774	<ul>
				2775
				2776	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> to be converted.</li>
				2777	</ul>
				2778	</li>
				2779	<li>Return Value:
				2780	<ul>
				2781
				2782	<li>a <tt>string</tt> as the uppercase form of the given <tt>string</tt>,</li>
				2783	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2784	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				2785	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error.</li>
				2786	</ul>
				2787	</li>
				2788	<li>
				2789
				2790	<p>Example:</p>
				2791
				2792	<div>
				2793	<div>
				2794	<pre class="source">upper("hello")
				2795	</pre></div></div>
				2796	</li>
				2797	<li>
				2798
				2799	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				2800
				2801	<div>
				2802	<div>
				2803	<pre class="source">"HELLO"
				2804	</pre></div></div>
				2805	</li>
				2806	</ul><!--
				2807	! Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
				2808	! or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
				2809	! distributed with this work for additional information
				2810	! regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
				2811	! to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
				2812	! "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
				2813	! with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
				2814	!
				2815	! http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
				2816	!
				2817	! Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
				2818	! software distributed under the License is distributed on an
				2819	! "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
				2820	! KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
				2821	! specific language governing permissions and limitations
				2822	! under the License.
				2823	!-->
				2824	</div>
				2825	<div class="section">
				2826	<h3><a name="string_concat"></a>string_concat</h3>
				2827	<ul>
				2828
				2829	<li>
				2830
				2831	<p>Syntax:</p>
				2832
				2833	<div>
				2834	<div>
				2835	<pre class="source">string_concat(array)
				2836	</pre></div></div>
				2837	</li>
				2838	<li>
				2839
				2840	<p>Concatenates an array of strings <tt>array</tt> into a single string.</p>
				2841	</li>
				2842	<li>Arguments:
				2843	<ul>
				2844
				2845	<li><tt>array</tt> : an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> of <tt>string</tt>s (could be <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>) to be concatenated.</li>
				2846	</ul>
				2847	</li>
				2848	<li>Return Value:
				2849	<ul>
				2850
				2851	<li>the concatenated <tt>string</tt> value,</li>
				2852	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2853	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2854	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any element in the input array is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				2855	<li><tt>null</tt> if any element in the input array is <tt>null</tt> but no element in the input array is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				2856	<li>any other non-array input value or non-integer element in the input array will cause a type error.</li>
				2857	</ul>
				2858	</li>
				2859	<li>
				2860
				2861	<p>Example:</p>
				2862
				2863	<div>
				2864	<div>
				2865	<pre class="source">string_concat(["ASTERIX", " ", "ROCKS!"]);
				2866	</pre></div></div>
				2867	</li>
				2868	<li>
				2869
				2870	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				2871
				2872	<div>
				2873	<div>
				2874	<pre class="source">"ASTERIX ROCKS!"
				2875	</pre></div></div>
				2876	</li>
				2877	</ul></div>
				2878	<div class="section">
				2879	<h3><a name="string_join"></a>string_join</h3>
				2880	<ul>
				2881
				2882	<li>
				2883
				2884	<p>Syntax:</p>
				2885
				2886	<div>
				2887	<div>
				2888	<pre class="source">string_join(array, string)
				2889	</pre></div></div>
				2890	</li>
				2891	<li>
				2892
				2893	<p>Joins an array or multiset of strings <tt>array</tt> with the given separator <tt>string</tt> into a single string.</p>
				2894	</li>
				2895	<li>Arguments:
				2896	<ul>
				2897
				2898	<li><tt>array</tt> : an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> of strings (could be <tt>null</tt>) to be joined.</li>
				2899	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> to serve as the separator.</li>
				2900	</ul>
				2901	</li>
				2902	<li>Return Value:
				2903	<ul>
				2904
				2905	<li>the joined <tt>string</tt>,</li>
				2906	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2907	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2908	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the first argument array contains a <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				2909	<li><tt>null</tt> if the first argument array contains a <tt>null</tt> but does not contain a <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				2910	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				2911	<ul>
				2912
				2913	<li>the first argument is any other non-array value, or contains any other non-string value,</li>
				2914	<li>or, the second argument is any other non-string value.</li>
				2915	</ul>
				2916	</li>
				2917	</ul>
				2918	</li>
				2919	<li>
				2920
				2921	<p>Example:</p>
				2922
				2923	<div>
				2924	<div>
				2925	<pre class="source">string_join(["ASTERIX", "ROCKS~"], "!! ");
				2926	</pre></div></div>
				2927	</li>
				2928	<li>
				2929
				2930	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				2931
				2932	<div>
				2933	<div>
				2934	<pre class="source">"ASTERIX!! ROCKS~"
				2935	</pre></div></div>
				2936	</li>
				2937	</ul></div>
				2938	<div class="section">
				2939	<h3><a name="string_to_codepoint"></a>string_to_codepoint</h3>
				2940	<ul>
				2941
				2942	<li>
				2943
				2944	<p>Syntax:</p>
				2945
				2946	<div>
				2947	<div>
				2948	<pre class="source">string_to_codepoint(string)
				2949	</pre></div></div>
				2950	</li>
				2951	<li>
				2952
				2953	<p>Converts the string <tt>string</tt> to its code_based representation.</p>
				2954	</li>
				2955	<li>Arguments:
				2956	<ul>
				2957
				2958	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> that will be converted.</li>
				2959	</ul>
				2960	</li>
				2961	<li>Return Value:
				2962	<ul>
				2963
				2964	<li>an <tt>array</tt> of the code points for the string <tt>string</tt>,</li>
				2965	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2966	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				2967	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error.</li>
				2968	</ul>
				2969	</li>
				2970	<li>
				2971
				2972	<p>Example:</p>
				2973
				2974	<div>
				2975	<div>
				2976	<pre class="source">string_to_codepoint("Hello ASTERIX!");
				2977	</pre></div></div>
				2978	</li>
				2979	<li>
				2980
				2981	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				2982
				2983	<div>
				2984	<div>
				2985	<pre class="source">[ 72, 101, 108, 108, 111, 32, 65, 83, 84, 69, 82, 73, 88, 33 ]
				2986	</pre></div></div>
				2987	</li>
				2988	</ul></div>
				2989	<div class="section">
				2990	<h3><a name="codepoint_to_string"></a>codepoint_to_string</h3>
				2991	<ul>
				2992
				2993	<li>
				2994
				2995	<p>Syntax:</p>
				2996
				2997	<div>
				2998	<div>
				2999	<pre class="source">codepoint_to_string(array)
				3000	</pre></div></div>
				3001	</li>
				3002	<li>
				3003
				3004	<p>Converts the ordered code_based representation <tt>array</tt> to the corresponding string.</p>
				3005	</li>
				3006	<li>Arguments:
				3007	<ul>
				3008
				3009	<li><tt>array</tt> : an <tt>array</tt> of integer code_points.</li>
				3010	</ul>
				3011	</li>
				3012	<li>Return Value:
				3013	<ul>
				3014
				3015	<li>a <tt>string</tt> representation of <tt>array</tt>.</li>
				3016	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3017	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				3018	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any element in the input array is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				3019	<li><tt>null</tt> if any element in the input array is <tt>null</tt> but no element in the input array is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				3020	<li>any other non-array input value or non-integer element in the input array will cause a type error.</li>
				3021	</ul>
				3022	</li>
				3023	<li>
				3024
				3025	<p>Example:</p>
				3026
				3027	<div>
				3028	<div>
				3029	<pre class="source">codepoint_to_string([72, 101, 108, 108, 111, 32, 65, 83, 84, 69, 82, 73, 88, 33]);
				3030	</pre></div></div>
				3031	</li>
				3032	<li>
				3033
				3034	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				3035
				3036	<div>
				3037	<div>
				3038	<pre class="source">"Hello ASTERIX!"
				3039	</pre></div></div>
				3040	</li>
				3041	</ul></div>
				3042	<div class="section">
				3043	<h3><a name="substring_before"></a>substring_before</h3>
				3044	<ul>
				3045
				3046	<li>
				3047
				3048	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3049
				3050	<div>
				3051	<div>
				3052	<pre class="source">substring_before(string, string_pattern)
				3053	</pre></div></div>
				3054	</li>
				3055	<li>
				3056
				3057	<p>Returns the substring from the given string <tt>string</tt> before the given pattern <tt>string_pattern</tt>.</p>
				3058	</li>
				3059	<li>Arguments:
				3060	<ul>
				3061
				3062	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> to be extracted.</li>
				3063	<li><tt>string_pattern</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> pattern to be searched.</li>
				3064	</ul>
				3065	</li>
				3066	<li>Return Value:
				3067	<ul>
				3068
				3069	<li>a <tt>string</tt> that represents the substring,</li>
				3070	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3071	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3072	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error.</li>
				3073	</ul>
				3074	</li>
				3075	<li>
				3076
				3077	<p>Example:</p>
				3078
				3079	<div>
				3080	<div>
				3081	<pre class="source">substring_before(" like x-phone", "x-phone");
				3082	</pre></div></div>
				3083	</li>
				3084	<li>
				3085
				3086	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				3087
				3088	<div>
				3089	<div>
				3090	<pre class="source">" like "
				3091	</pre></div></div>
				3092	</li>
				3093	</ul></div>
				3094	<div class="section">
				3095	<h3><a name="substring_after"></a>substring_after</h3>
				3096	<ul>
				3097
				3098	<li>
				3099
				3100	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3101	<p>substring_after(string, string_pattern);</p>
				3102	</li>
				3103	<li>
				3104
				3105	<p>Returns the substring from the given string <tt>string</tt> after the given pattern <tt>string_pattern</tt>.</p>
				3106	</li>
				3107	<li>Arguments:
				3108	<ul>
				3109
				3110	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> to be extracted.</li>
				3111	<li><tt>string_pattern</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> pattern to be searched.</li>
				3112	</ul>
				3113	</li>
				3114	<li>Return Value:
				3115	<ul>
				3116
				3117	<li>a <tt>string</tt> that represents the substring,</li>
				3118	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3119	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3120	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error.</li>
				3121	</ul>
				3122	</li>
				3123	<li>
				3124
				3125	<p>Example:</p>
				3126
				3127	<div>
				3128	<div>
				3129	<pre class="source">substring_after(" like x-phone", "xph");
				3130	</pre></div></div>
				3131	</li>
				3132	<li>
				3133
				3134	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				3135
				3136	<div>
				3137	<div>
				3138	<pre class="source">"one"
				3139	</pre></div></div>
				3140	</li>
				3141	</ul><!--
				3142	! Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
				3143	! or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
				3144	! distributed with this work for additional information
				3145	! regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
				3146	! to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
				3147	! "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
				3148	! with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
				3149	!
				3150	! http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
				3151	!
				3152	! Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
				3153	! software distributed under the License is distributed on an
				3154	! "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
				3155	! KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
				3156	! specific language governing permissions and limitations
				3157	! under the License.
				3158	!-->
				3159	</div></div>
				3160	<div class="section">
				3161	<h2><a name="Binary_Functions"></a><a name="BinaryFunctions" id="BinaryFunctions">Binary Functions</a></h2>
				3162	<div class="section">
				3163	<h3><a name="parse_binary"></a>parse_binary</h3>
				3164	<ul>
				3165
				3166	<li>
				3167
				3168	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3169	<p>parse_binary(string, encoding)</p>
				3170	</li>
				3171	<li>
				3172
				3173	<p>Creates a <tt>binary</tt> from an string encoded in <tt>encoding</tt> format.</p>
				3174	</li>
				3175	<li>Arguments:
				3176	<ul>
				3177
				3178	<li><tt>string</tt> : an encoded <tt>string</tt>,</li>
				3179	<li><tt>encoding</tt> : a string notation specifies the encoding type of the given <tt>string</tt>. Currently we support <tt>hex</tt> and <tt>base64</tt> format.</li>
				3180	</ul>
				3181	</li>
				3182	<li>Return Value:
				3183	<ul>
				3184
				3185	<li>a <tt>binary</tt> that is decoded from the given <tt>string</tt>,</li>
				3186	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3187	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3188	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error.</li>
				3189	</ul>
				3190	</li>
				3191	<li>
				3192
				3193	<p>Example:</p>
				3194	<p>[ parse_binary(“ABCDEF0123456789”,“hex”), parse_binary(“abcdef0123456789”,“HEX”), parse_binary(‘QXN0ZXJpeAE=’,“base64”) ];</p>
				3195	</li>
				3196	<li>
				3197
				3198	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				3199	<p>[ hex(“ABCDEF0123456789”), hex(“ABCDEF0123456789”), hex(“4173746572697801”) ]</p>
				3200	</li>
				3201	</ul></div>
				3202	<div class="section">
				3203	<h3><a name="print_binary"></a>print_binary</h3>
				3204	<ul>
				3205
				3206	<li>
				3207
				3208	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3209	<p>print_binary(binary, encoding)</p>
				3210	</li>
				3211	<li>
				3212
				3213	<p>Prints a <tt>binary</tt> to the required encoding <tt>string</tt> format.</p>
				3214	</li>
				3215	<li>Arguments:
				3216	<ul>
				3217
				3218	<li><tt>binary</tt> : a <tt>binary</tt> data need to be printed.</li>
				3219	<li><tt>encoding</tt> : a string notation specifies the expected encoding type. Currently we support <tt>hex</tt> and <tt>base64</tt> format.</li>
				3220	</ul>
				3221	</li>
				3222	<li>Return Value:
				3223	<ul>
				3224
				3225	<li>a <tt>string</tt> that represents the encoded format of a <tt>binary</tt>,</li>
				3226	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3227	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3228	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error.</li>
				3229	</ul>
				3230	</li>
				3231	<li>
				3232
				3233	<p>Example:</p>
				3234
				3235	<div>
				3236	<div>
				3237	<pre class="source">[ print_binary(hex("ABCDEF0123456789"), "base64"), print_binary(base64("q83vASNFZ4k="), "hex") ]
				3238	</pre></div></div>
				3239	</li>
				3240	<li>
				3241
				3242	<p>The expected result are:</p>
				3243
				3244	<div>
				3245	<div>
				3246	<pre class="source">[ "q83vASNFZ4k=", "ABCDEF0123456789" ]
				3247	</pre></div></div>
				3248	</li>
				3249	</ul></div>
				3250	<div class="section">
				3251	<h3><a name="binary_length"></a>binary_length</h3>
				3252	<ul>
				3253
				3254	<li>
				3255
				3256	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3257	<p>binary_length(binary)</p>
				3258	</li>
				3259	<li>
				3260
				3261	<p>Returns the number of bytes storing the binary data.</p>
				3262	</li>
				3263	<li>Arguments:
				3264	<ul>
				3265
				3266	<li><tt>binary</tt> : a <tt>binary</tt> value to be checked.</li>
				3267	</ul>
				3268	</li>
				3269	<li>Return Value:
				3270	<ul>
				3271
				3272	<li>an <tt>bigint</tt> that represents the number of bytes,</li>
				3273	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3274	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				3275	<li>any other non-binary input value will cause a type error.</li>
				3276	</ul>
				3277	</li>
				3278	<li>
				3279
				3280	<p>Example:</p>
				3281
				3282	<div>
				3283	<div>
				3284	<pre class="source">binary_length(hex("00AA"))
				3285	</pre></div></div>
				3286	</li>
				3287	<li>
				3288
				3289	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				3290	<p>2</p>
				3291	</li>
				3292	</ul></div>
				3293	<div class="section">
				3294	<h3><a name="sub_binary"></a>sub_binary</h3>
				3295	<ul>
				3296
				3297	<li>
				3298
				3299	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3300	<p>sub_binary(binary, offset[, length])</p>
				3301	</li>
				3302	<li>
				3303
				3304	<p>Returns the sub binary from the given <tt>binary</tt> based on the given start offset with the optional <tt>length</tt>.</p>
				3305	</li>
				3306	<li>Arguments:
				3307	<ul>
				3308
				3309	<li><tt>binary</tt> : a <tt>binary</tt> to be extracted,</li>
				3310	<li><tt>offset</tt> : a <tt>tinyint</tt>, <tt>smallint</tt>, <tt>integer</tt>, or <tt>bigint</tt> value as the starting offset of the sub binary in <tt>binary</tt> (starting at 0),</li>
				3311	<li><tt>length</tt> : (Optional) a <tt>tinyint</tt>, <tt>smallint</tt>, <tt>integer</tt>, or <tt>bigint</tt> value as the length of the sub binary.</li>
				3312	</ul>
				3313	</li>
				3314	<li>Return Value:
				3315	<ul>
				3316
				3317	<li>a <tt>binary</tt> that represents the sub binary,</li>
				3318	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3319	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3320	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				3321	<ul>
				3322
				3323	<li>the first argument is any other non-binary value,</li>
				3324	<li>or, the second argument is any other non-integer value,</li>
				3325	<li>or, the third argument is any other non-integer value, if it is present.</li>
				3326	</ul>
				3327	</li>
				3328	</ul>
				3329	</li>
				3330	<li>
				3331
				3332	<p>Example:</p>
				3333
				3334	<div>
				3335	<div>
				3336	<pre class="source">sub_binary(hex("AABBCCDD"), 4);
				3337	</pre></div></div>
				3338	</li>
				3339	<li>
				3340
				3341	<p>The expected result is</p>
				3342
				3343	<div>
				3344	<div>
				3345	<pre class="source">hex("DD")
				3346	</pre></div></div>
				3347	</li>
				3348	</ul></div>
				3349	<div class="section">
				3350	<h3><a name="binary_concat"></a>binary_concat</h3>
				3351	<ul>
				3352
				3353	<li>
				3354
				3355	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3356	<p>binary_concat(array)</p>
				3357	</li>
				3358	<li>
				3359
				3360	<p>Concatenates a binary <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> into a single binary.</p>
				3361	</li>
				3362	<li>Arguments:
				3363	<ul>
				3364
				3365	<li><tt>array</tt> : an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> of binaries (could be <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>) to be concatenated.</li>
				3366	</ul>
				3367	</li>
				3368	<li>Return Value :
				3369	<ul>
				3370
				3371	<li>the concatenated <tt>binary</tt> value,</li>
				3372	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3373	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				3374	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any element in the input array is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				3375	<li><tt>null</tt> if any element in the input array is <tt>null</tt> but no element in the input array is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				3376	<li>any other non-array input value or non-binary element in the input array will cause a type error.</li>
				3377	</ul>
				3378	</li>
				3379	<li>
				3380
				3381	<p>Example:</p>
				3382	<p>binary_concat([hex(“42”), hex(""), hex(‘42’)]);</p>
				3383	</li>
				3384	<li>
				3385
				3386	<p>The expected result is</p>
				3387	<p>hex(“4242”)</p>
				3388	</li>
				3389	</ul><!--
				3390	! Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
				3391	! or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
				3392	! distributed with this work for additional information
				3393	! regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
				3394	! to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
				3395	! "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
				3396	! with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
				3397	!
				3398	! http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
				3399	!
				3400	! Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
				3401	! software distributed under the License is distributed on an
				3402	! "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
				3403	! KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
				3404	! specific language governing permissions and limitations
				3405	! under the License.
				3406	!-->
				3407	</div></div>
				3408	<div class="section">
				3409	<h2><a name="Spatial_Functions"></a><a name="SpatialFunctions" id="SpatialFunctions">Spatial Functions</a></h2>
				3410	<div class="section">
				3411	<h3><a name="create_point"></a>create_point</h3>
				3412	<ul>
				3413
				3414	<li>
				3415
				3416	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3417
				3418	<div>
				3419	<div>
				3420	<pre class="source">create_point(x, y)
				3421	</pre></div></div>
				3422	</li>
				3423	<li>
				3424
				3425	<p>Creates the primitive type <tt>point</tt> using an <tt>x</tt> and <tt>y</tt> value.</p>
				3426	</li>
				3427	<li>Arguments:</li>
				3428	<li><tt>x</tt> : a <tt>double</tt> that represents the x-coordinate,</li>
				3429	<li><tt>y</tt> : a <tt>double</tt> that represents the y-coordinate.</li>
				3430	<li>Return Value:</li>
				3431	<li>a <tt>point</tt> representing the ordered pair (<tt>x</tt>, <tt>y</tt>),</li>
				3432	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3433	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3434	<li>any other non-double input value will cause a type error.</li>
				3435	<li>
				3436
				3437	<p>Example:</p>
				3438
				3439	<div>
				3440	<div>
				3441	<pre class="source">{ "point": create_point(30.0,70.0) };
				3442	</pre></div></div>
				3443	</li>
				3444	<li>
				3445
				3446	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				3447
				3448	<div>
				3449	<div>
				3450	<pre class="source">{ "point": point("30.0,70.0") }
				3451	</pre></div></div>
				3452	</li>
				3453	</ul></div>
				3454	<div class="section">
				3455	<h3><a name="create_line"></a>create_line</h3>
				3456	<ul>
				3457
				3458	<li>
				3459
				3460	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3461
				3462	<div>
				3463	<div>
				3464	<pre class="source">create_line(point1, point2)
				3465	</pre></div></div>
				3466	</li>
				3467	<li>
				3468
				3469	<p>Creates the primitive type <tt>line</tt> using <tt>point1</tt> and <tt>point2</tt>.</p>
				3470	</li>
				3471	<li>Arguments:
				3472	<ul>
				3473
				3474	<li><tt>point1</tt> : a <tt>point</tt> that represents the start point of the line.</li>
				3475	<li><tt>point2</tt> : a <tt>point</tt> that represents the end point of the line.</li>
				3476	</ul>
				3477	</li>
				3478	<li>Return Value:
				3479	<ul>
				3480
				3481	<li>a spatial <tt>line</tt> created using the points provided in <tt>point1</tt> and <tt>point2</tt>,</li>
				3482	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3483	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3484	<li>any other non-point input value will cause a type error.</li>
				3485	</ul>
				3486	</li>
				3487	<li>
				3488
				3489	<p>Example:</p>
				3490
				3491	<div>
				3492	<div>
				3493	<pre class="source">{ "line": create_line(create_point(30.0,70.0), create_point(50.0,90.0)) };
				3494	</pre></div></div>
				3495	</li>
				3496	<li>
				3497
				3498	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				3499
				3500	<div>
				3501	<div>
				3502	<pre class="source">{ "line": line("30.0,70.0 50.0,90.0") }
				3503	</pre></div></div>
				3504	</li>
				3505	</ul></div>
				3506	<div class="section">
				3507	<h3><a name="create_rectangle"></a>create_rectangle</h3>
				3508	<ul>
				3509
				3510	<li>
				3511
				3512	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3513
				3514	<div>
				3515	<div>
				3516	<pre class="source">create_rectangle(point1, point2)
				3517	</pre></div></div>
				3518	</li>
				3519	<li>
				3520
				3521	<p>Creates the primitive type <tt>rectangle</tt> using <tt>point1</tt> and <tt>point2</tt>.</p>
				3522	</li>
				3523	<li>Arguments:
				3524	<ul>
				3525
				3526	<li><tt>point1</tt> : a <tt>point</tt> that represents the lower_left point of the rectangle.</li>
				3527	<li><tt>point2</tt> : a <tt>point</tt> that represents the upper_right point of the rectangle.</li>
				3528	</ul>
				3529	</li>
				3530	<li>Return Value:
				3531	<ul>
				3532
				3533	<li>a spatial <tt>rectangle</tt> created using the points provided in <tt>point1</tt> and <tt>point2</tt>,</li>
				3534	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3535	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3536	<li>any other non-point input value will cause a type error.</li>
				3537	</ul>
				3538	</li>
				3539	<li>
				3540
				3541	<p>Example:</p>
				3542
				3543	<div>
				3544	<div>
				3545	<pre class="source">{ "rectangle": create_rectangle(create_point(30.0,70.0), create_point(50.0,90.0)) };
				3546	</pre></div></div>
				3547	</li>
				3548	<li>
				3549
				3550	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				3551
				3552	<div>
				3553	<div>
				3554	<pre class="source">{ "rectangle": rectangle("30.0,70.0 50.0,90.0") }
				3555	</pre></div></div>
				3556	</li>
				3557	</ul></div>
				3558	<div class="section">
				3559	<h3><a name="create_circle"></a>create_circle</h3>
				3560	<ul>
				3561
				3562	<li>
				3563
				3564	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3565
				3566	<div>
				3567	<div>
				3568	<pre class="source">create_circle(point, radius)
				3569	</pre></div></div>
				3570	</li>
				3571	<li>
				3572
				3573	<p>Creates the primitive type <tt>circle</tt> using <tt>point</tt> and <tt>radius</tt>.</p>
				3574	</li>
				3575	<li>Arguments:
				3576	<ul>
				3577
				3578	<li><tt>point</tt> : a <tt>point</tt> that represents the center of the circle.</li>
				3579	<li><tt>radius</tt> : a <tt>double</tt> that represents the radius of the circle.</li>
				3580	</ul>
				3581	</li>
				3582	<li>Return Value:
				3583	<ul>
				3584
				3585	<li>a spatial <tt>circle</tt> created using the center point and the radius provided in <tt>point</tt> and <tt>radius</tt>.</li>
				3586	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3587	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3588	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				3589	<ul>
				3590
				3591	<li>the first argument is any other non-point value,</li>
				3592	<li>or, the second argument is any other non-double value.</li>
				3593	</ul>
				3594	</li>
				3595	</ul>
				3596	</li>
				3597	<li>
				3598
				3599	<p>Example:</p>
				3600
				3601	<div>
				3602	<div>
				3603	<pre class="source">{ "circle": create_circle(create_point(30.0,70.0), 5.0) }
				3604	</pre></div></div>
				3605	</li>
				3606	<li>
				3607
				3608	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				3609
				3610	<div>
				3611	<div>
				3612	<pre class="source">{ "circle": circle("30.0,70.0 5.0") }
				3613	</pre></div></div>
				3614	</li>
				3615	</ul></div>
				3616	<div class="section">
				3617	<h3><a name="create_polygon"></a>create_polygon</h3>
				3618	<ul>
				3619
				3620	<li>
				3621
				3622	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3623
				3624	<div>
				3625	<div>
				3626	<pre class="source">create_polygon(array)
				3627	</pre></div></div>
				3628	</li>
				3629	<li>
				3630
				3631	<p>Creates the primitive type <tt>polygon</tt> using the double values provided in the argument <tt>array</tt>. Each two consecutive double values represent a point starting from the first double value in the array. Note that at least six double values should be specified, meaning a total of three points.</p>
				3632	</li>
				3633	<li>Arguments:
				3634	<ul>
				3635
				3636	<li><tt>array</tt> : an array of doubles representing the points of the polygon.</li>
				3637	</ul>
				3638	</li>
				3639	<li>Return Value:
				3640	<ul>
				3641
				3642	<li>a <tt>polygon</tt>, represents a spatial simple polygon created using the points provided in <tt>array</tt>.</li>
				3643	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3644	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				3645	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any element in the input array is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				3646	<li><tt>null</tt> if any element in the input array is <tt>null</tt> but no element in the input array is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				3647	<li>any other non-array input value or non-double element in the input array will cause a type error.</li>
				3648	</ul>
				3649	</li>
				3650	<li>
				3651
				3652	<p>Example:</p>
				3653
				3654	<div>
				3655	<div>
				3656	<pre class="source">{ "polygon": create_polygon([1.0,1.0,2.0,2.0,3.0,3.0,4.0,4.0]) };
				3657	</pre></div></div>
				3658	</li>
				3659	<li>
				3660
				3661	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				3662
				3663	<div>
				3664	<div>
				3665	<pre class="source">{ "polygon": polygon("1.0,1.0 2.0,2.0 3.0,3.0 4.0,4.0") }
				3666	</pre></div></div>
				3667	</li>
				3668	</ul></div>
				3669	<div class="section">
				3670	<h3><a name="get_x.2Fget_y"></a>get_x/get_y</h3>
				3671	<ul>
				3672
				3673	<li>
				3674
				3675	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3676
				3677	<div>
				3678	<div>
				3679	<pre class="source">get_x(point) or get_y(point)
				3680	</pre></div></div>
				3681	</li>
				3682	<li>
				3683
				3684	<p>Returns the x or y coordinates of a point <tt>point</tt>.</p>
				3685	</li>
				3686	<li>Arguments:
				3687	<ul>
				3688
				3689	<li><tt>point</tt> : a <tt>point</tt>.</li>
				3690	</ul>
				3691	</li>
				3692	<li>Return Value:
				3693	<ul>
				3694
				3695	<li>a <tt>double</tt> representing the x or y coordinates of the point <tt>point</tt>,</li>
				3696	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3697	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				3698	<li>any other non-point input value will cause a type error.</li>
				3699	</ul>
				3700	</li>
				3701	<li>
				3702
				3703	<p>Example:</p>
				3704
				3705	<div>
				3706	<div>
				3707	<pre class="source">{ "x_coordinate": get_x(create_point(2.3,5.0)), "y_coordinate": get_y(create_point(2.3,5.0)) };
				3708	</pre></div></div>
				3709	</li>
				3710	<li>
				3711
				3712	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				3713
				3714	<div>
				3715	<div>
				3716	<pre class="source">{ "x_coordinate": 2.3, "y_coordinate": 5.0 }
				3717	</pre></div></div>
				3718	</li>
				3719	</ul></div>
				3720	<div class="section">
				3721	<h3><a name="get_points"></a>get_points</h3>
				3722	<ul>
				3723
				3724	<li>
				3725
				3726	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3727
				3728	<div>
				3729	<div>
				3730	<pre class="source">get_points(spatial_object)
				3731	</pre></div></div>
				3732	</li>
				3733	<li>
				3734
				3735	<p>Returns an ordered array of the points forming the spatial object <tt>spatial_object</tt>.</p>
				3736	</li>
				3737	<li>Arguments:
				3738	<ul>
				3739
				3740	<li><tt>spatial_object</tt> : a <tt>point</tt>, <tt>line</tt>, <tt>rectangle</tt>, <tt>circle</tt>, or <tt>polygon</tt>.</li>
				3741	</ul>
				3742	</li>
				3743	<li>Return Value:
				3744	<ul>
				3745
				3746	<li>an <tt>array</tt> of the points forming the spatial object <tt>spatial_object</tt>,</li>
				3747	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3748	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				3749	<li>any other non-spatial-object input value will cause a type error.</li>
				3750	</ul>
				3751	</li>
				3752	<li>
				3753
				3754	<p>Example:</p>
				3755
				3756	<div>
				3757	<div>
				3758	<pre class="source">get_points(create_polygon([1.0,1.0,2.0,2.0,3.0,3.0,4.0,4.0]))
				3759	</pre></div></div>
				3760	</li>
				3761	<li>
				3762
				3763	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				3764
				3765	<div>
				3766	<div>
				3767	<pre class="source">[ point("1.0,1.0"), point("2.0,2.0"), point("3.0,3.0"), point("4.0,4.0") ]
				3768	</pre></div></div>
				3769	</li>
				3770	</ul></div>
				3771	<div class="section">
				3772	<h3><a name="get_center.2Fget_radius"></a>get_center/get_radius</h3>
				3773	<ul>
				3774
				3775	<li>
				3776
				3777	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3778
				3779	<div>
				3780	<div>
				3781	<pre class="source">get_center(circle_expression) or get_radius(circle_expression)
				3782	</pre></div></div>
				3783	</li>
				3784	<li>
				3785
				3786	<p>Returns the center and the radius of a circle <tt>circle_expression</tt>, respectively.</p>
				3787	</li>
				3788	<li>Arguments:
				3789	<ul>
				3790
				3791	<li><tt>circle_expression</tt> : a <tt>circle</tt>.</li>
				3792	</ul>
				3793	</li>
				3794	<li>Return Value:
				3795	<ul>
				3796
				3797	<li>a <tt>point</tt> or <tt>double</tt>, represent the center or radius of the circle <tt>circle_expression</tt>.</li>
				3798	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3799	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				3800	<li>any other non-circle input value will cause a type error.</li>
				3801	</ul>
				3802	</li>
				3803	<li>
				3804
				3805	<p>Example:</p>
				3806
				3807	<div>
				3808	<div>
				3809	<pre class="source">{
				3810	"circle_radius": get_radius(create_circle(create_point(6.0,3.0), 1.0)),
				3811	"circle_center": get_center(create_circle(create_point(6.0,3.0), 1.0))
				3812	};
				3813	</pre></div></div>
				3814	</li>
				3815	<li>
				3816
				3817	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				3818
				3819	<div>
				3820	<div>
				3821	<pre class="source">{ "circle_radius": 1.0, "circle_center": point("6.0,3.0") }
				3822	</pre></div></div>
				3823	</li>
				3824	</ul></div>
				3825	<div class="section">
				3826	<h3><a name="spatial_distance"></a>spatial_distance</h3>
				3827	<ul>
				3828
				3829	<li>
				3830
				3831	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3832
				3833	<div>
				3834	<div>
				3835	<pre class="source">spatial_distance(point1, point2)
				3836	</pre></div></div>
				3837	</li>
				3838	<li>
				3839
				3840	<p>Returns the Euclidean distance between <tt>point1</tt> and <tt>point2</tt>.</p>
				3841	</li>
				3842	<li>Arguments:
				3843	<ul>
				3844
				3845	<li><tt>point1</tt> : a <tt>point</tt>.</li>
				3846	<li><tt>point2</tt> : a <tt>point</tt>.</li>
				3847	</ul>
				3848	</li>
				3849	<li>Return Value:
				3850	<ul>
				3851
				3852	<li>a <tt>double</tt> as the Euclidean distance between <tt>point1</tt> and <tt>point2</tt>.</li>
				3853	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3854	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3855	<li>any other non-point input value will cause a type error.</li>
				3856	</ul>
				3857	</li>
				3858	<li>
				3859
				3860	<p>Example:</p>
				3861
				3862	<div>
				3863	<div>
				3864	<pre class="source">spatial_distance(point("47.44,80.65"), create_point(30.0,70.0));
				3865	</pre></div></div>
				3866	</li>
				3867	<li>
				3868
				3869	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				3870
				3871	<div>
				3872	<div>
				3873	<pre class="source">20.434678857275934
				3874	</pre></div></div>
				3875	</li>
				3876	</ul></div>
				3877	<div class="section">
				3878	<h3><a name="spatial_area"></a>spatial_area</h3>
				3879	<ul>
				3880
				3881	<li>
				3882
				3883	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3884
				3885	<div>
				3886	<div>
				3887	<pre class="source">spatial_area(spatial_2d_expression)
				3888	</pre></div></div>
				3889	</li>
				3890	<li>
				3891
				3892	<p>Returns the spatial area of <tt>spatial_2d_expression</tt>.</p>
				3893	</li>
				3894	<li>Arguments:
				3895	<ul>
				3896
				3897	<li><tt>spatial_2d_expression</tt> : a <tt>rectangle</tt>, <tt>circle</tt>, or <tt>polygon</tt>.</li>
				3898	</ul>
				3899	</li>
				3900	<li>Return Value:
				3901	<ul>
				3902
				3903	<li>a <tt>double</tt> representing the area of <tt>spatial_2d_expression</tt>.</li>
				3904	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3905	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				3906	<li>any other non-2d-spatial-object will cause a type error.</li>
				3907	</ul>
				3908	</li>
				3909	<li>
				3910
				3911	<p>Example:</p>
				3912
				3913	<div>
				3914	<div>
				3915	<pre class="source">spatial_area(create_circle(create_point(0.0,0.0), 5.0));
				3916	</pre></div></div>
				3917	</li>
				3918	<li>
				3919
				3920	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				3921
				3922	<div>
				3923	<div>
				3924	<pre class="source">78.53981625
				3925	</pre></div></div>
				3926	</li>
				3927	</ul></div>
				3928	<div class="section">
				3929	<h3><a name="spatial_intersect"></a>spatial_intersect</h3>
				3930	<ul>
				3931
				3932	<li>
				3933
				3934	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3935
				3936	<div>
				3937	<div>
				3938	<pre class="source">spatial_intersect(spatial_object1, spatial_object2)
				3939	</pre></div></div>
				3940	</li>
				3941	<li>
				3942
				3943	<p>Checks whether <tt>@arg1</tt> and <tt>@arg2</tt> spatially intersect each other.</p>
				3944	</li>
				3945	<li>Arguments:
				3946	<ul>
				3947
				3948	<li><tt>spatial_object1</tt> : a <tt>point</tt>, <tt>line</tt>, <tt>rectangle</tt>, <tt>circle</tt>, or <tt>polygon</tt>.</li>
				3949	<li><tt>spatial_object2</tt> : a <tt>point</tt>, <tt>line</tt>, <tt>rectangle</tt>, <tt>circle</tt>, or <tt>polygon</tt>.</li>
				3950	</ul>
				3951	</li>
				3952	<li>Return Value:
				3953	<ul>
				3954
				3955	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> representing whether <tt>spatial_object1</tt> and <tt>spatial_object2</tt> spatially overlap with each other,</li>
				3956	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3957	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3958	<li>any other non-spatial-object input value will cause a type error.</li>
				3959	</ul>
				3960	</li>
				3961	<li>
				3962
				3963	<p>Example:</p>
				3964
				3965	<div>
				3966	<div>
				3967	<pre class="source">spatial_intersect(point("39.28,70.48"), create_rectangle(create_point(30.0,70.0), create_point(40.0,80.0)));
				3968	</pre></div></div>
				3969	</li>
				3970	<li>
				3971
				3972	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				3973
				3974	<div>
				3975	<div>
				3976	<pre class="source">true
				3977	</pre></div></div>
				3978	</li>
				3979	</ul></div>
				3980	<div class="section">
				3981	<h3><a name="spatial_cell"></a>spatial_cell</h3>
				3982	<ul>
				3983
				3984	<li>
				3985
				3986	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3987
				3988	<div>
				3989	<div>
				3990	<pre class="source">spatial_cell(point1, point2, x_increment, y_increment)
				3991	</pre></div></div>
				3992	</li>
				3993	<li>
				3994
				3995	<p>Returns the grid cell that <tt>point1</tt> belongs to.</p>
				3996	</li>
				3997	<li>Arguments:
				3998	<ul>
				3999
				4000	<li><tt>point1</tt> : a <tt>point</tt> representing the point of interest that its grid cell will be returned.</li>
				4001	<li><tt>point2</tt> : a <tt>point</tt> representing the origin of the grid.</li>
				4002	<li><tt>x_increment</tt> : a <tt>double</tt>, represents X increments.</li>
				4003	<li><tt>y_increment</tt> : a <tt>double</tt>, represents Y increments.</li>
				4004	</ul>
				4005	</li>
				4006	<li>Return Value:
				4007	<ul>
				4008
				4009	<li>a <tt>rectangle</tt> representing the grid cell that <tt>point1</tt> belongs to,</li>
				4010	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4011	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4012	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				4013	<ul>
				4014
				4015	<li>the first or second argument is any other non-point value,</li>
				4016	<li>or, the second or third argument is any other non-double value.</li>
				4017	</ul>
				4018	</li>
				4019	</ul>
				4020	</li>
				4021	<li>
				4022
				4023	<p>Example:</p>
				4024
				4025	<div>
				4026	<div>
				4027	<pre class="source">spatial_cell(point("39.28,70.48"), create_point(20.0,50.0), 5.5, 6.0);
				4028	</pre></div></div>
				4029	</li>
				4030	<li>
				4031
				4032	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				4033
				4034	<div>
				4035	<div>
				4036	<pre class="source">rectangle("36.5,68.0 42.0,74.0");
				4037	</pre></div></div>
				4038	</li>
				4039	</ul><!--
				4040	! Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
				4041	! or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
				4042	! distributed with this work for additional information
				4043	! regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
				4044	! to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
				4045	! "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
				4046	! with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
				4047	!
				4048	! http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
				4049	!
				4050	! Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
				4051	! software distributed under the License is distributed on an
				4052	! "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
				4053	! KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
				4054	! specific language governing permissions and limitations
				4055	! under the License.
				4056	!-->
				4057	</div></div>
				4058	<div class="section">
				4059	<h2><a name="Similarity_Functions"></a><a name="SimilarityFunctions" id="SimilarityFunctions">Similarity Functions</a></h2>
				4060	<p>AsterixDB supports queries with different similarity functions, including <a class="externalLink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenshtein_distance">edit distance</a> and <a class="externalLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaccard_index">Jaccard</a>.</p>
				4061	<div class="section">
				4062	<h3><a name="edit_distance"></a>edit_distance</h3>
				4063	<ul>
				4064
				4065	<li>
				4066
				4067	<p>Syntax:</p>
				4068
				4069	<div>
				4070	<div>
				4071	<pre class="source">edit_distance(expression1, expression2)
				4072	</pre></div></div>
				4073	</li>
				4074	<li>
				4075
				4076	<p>Returns the edit distance of <tt>expression1</tt> and <tt>expression2</tt>.</p>
				4077	</li>
				4078	<li>Arguments:
				4079	<ul>
				4080
				4081	<li><tt>expression1</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> or a homogeneous <tt>array</tt> of a comparable item type.</li>
				4082	<li><tt>expression2</tt> : The same type as <tt>expression1</tt>.</li>
				4083	</ul>
				4084	</li>
				4085	<li>Return Value:
				4086	<ul>
				4087
				4088	<li>an <tt>bigint</tt> that represents the edit distance between <tt>expression1</tt> and <tt>expression2</tt>,</li>
				4089	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4090	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4091	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error.</li>
				4092	</ul>
				4093	</li>
				4094	<li>Note: an <a href="similarity.html#UsingIndexesToSupportSimilarityQueries">n_gram index</a> can be utilized for this function.</li>
				4095	<li>Example:
				4096
				4097	<div>
				4098	<div>
				4099	<pre class="source">edit_distance("SuzannaTillson", "Suzanna Tilson");
				4100	</pre></div></div>
				4101	</li>
				4102	<li>
				4103
				4104	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				4105
				4106	<div>
				4107	<div>
				4108	<pre class="source">2
				4109	</pre></div></div>
				4110	</li>
				4111	</ul></div>
				4112	<div class="section">
				4113	<h3><a name="edit_distance_check"></a>edit_distance_check</h3>
				4114	<ul>
				4115
				4116	<li>
				4117
				4118	<p>Syntax:</p>
				4119
				4120	<div>
				4121	<div>
				4122	<pre class="source">edit_distance_check(expression1, expression2, threshold)
				4123	</pre></div></div>
				4124	</li>
				4125	<li>
				4126
				4127	<p>Checks whether the edit distance of <tt>expression1</tt> and <tt>expression2</tt> is within a given threshold.</p>
				4128	</li>
				4129	<li>
				4130
				4131	<p>Arguments:</p>
				4132	<ul>
				4133
				4134	<li><tt>expression1</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> or a homogeneous <tt>array</tt> of a comparable item type.</li>
				4135	<li><tt>expression2</tt> : The same type as <tt>expression1</tt>.</li>
				4136	<li><tt>threshold</tt> : a <tt>bigint</tt> that represents the distance threshold.</li>
				4137	</ul>
				4138	</li>
				4139	<li>Return Value:
				4140	<ul>
				4141
				4142	<li>an <tt>array</tt> with two items:
				4143	<ul>
				4144
				4145	<li>The first item contains a <tt>boolean</tt> value representing whether the edit distance of <tt>expression1</tt> and <tt>expression2</tt> is within the given threshold.</li>
				4146	<li>The second item contains an <tt>integer</tt> that represents the edit distance of <tt>expression1</tt> and <tt>expression2</tt> if the first item is true.</li>
				4147	<li>If the first item is false, then the second item is set to 2147483647.</li>
				4148	</ul>
				4149	</li>
				4150	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4151	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4152	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				4153	<ul>
				4154
				4155	<li>the first or second argument is any other non-string value,</li>
				4156	<li>or, the third argument is any other non-bigint value.</li>
				4157	</ul>
				4158	</li>
				4159	</ul>
				4160	</li>
				4161	<li>Note: an <a href="similarity.html#UsingIndexesToSupportSimilarityQueries">n_gram index</a> can be utilized for this function.</li>
				4162	<li>Example:
				4163
				4164	<div>
				4165	<div>
				4166	<pre class="source">edit_distance_check("happy","hapr",2);
				4167	</pre></div></div>
				4168	</li>
				4169	<li>
				4170
				4171	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				4172
				4173	<div>
				4174	<div>
				4175	<pre class="source">[ true, 2 ]
				4176	</pre></div></div>
				4177	</li>
				4178	</ul></div>
				4179	<div class="section">
				4180	<h3><a name="edit_distance_contains"></a>edit_distance_contains</h3>
				4181	<ul>
				4182
				4183	<li>
				4184
				4185	<p>Syntax:</p>
				4186
				4187	<div>
				4188	<div>
				4189	<pre class="source">edit_distance_contains(expression1, expression2, threshold)
				4190	</pre></div></div>
				4191	</li>
				4192	<li>
				4193
				4194	<p>Checks whether <tt>expression1</tt> contains <tt>expression2</tt> with an <a class="externalLink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenshtein_distance">edit distance</a> within a given threshold.</p>
				4195	</li>
				4196	<li>
				4197
				4198	<p>Arguments:</p>
				4199	<ul>
				4200
				4201	<li><tt>expression1</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> or a homogeneous <tt>array</tt> of a comparable item type.</li>
				4202	<li><tt>expression2</tt> : The same type as <tt>expression1</tt>.</li>
				4203	<li><tt>threshold</tt> : a <tt>bigint</tt> that represents the distance threshold.</li>
				4204	</ul>
				4205	</li>
				4206	<li>Return Value:
				4207	<ul>
				4208
				4209	<li>an <tt>array</tt> with two items:
				4210	<ul>
				4211
				4212	<li>The first item contains a <tt>boolean</tt> value representing whether <tt>expression1</tt> can contain <tt>expression2</tt>.</li>
				4213	<li>The second item contains an <tt>integer</tt> that represents the required edit distance for <tt>expression1</tt> to contain <tt>expression2</tt> if the first item is true.</li>
				4214	</ul>
				4215	</li>
				4216	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4217	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4218	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				4219	<ul>
				4220
				4221	<li>the first or second argument is any other non-string value,</li>
				4222	<li>or, the third argument is any other non-bigint value.</li>
				4223	</ul>
				4224	</li>
				4225	</ul>
				4226	</li>
				4227	<li>Note: an <a href="similarity.html#UsingIndexesToSupportSimilarityQueries">n_gram index</a> can be utilized for this function.</li>
				4228	<li>Example:
				4229
				4230	<div>
				4231	<div>
				4232	<pre class="source">edit_distance_contains("happy","hapr",2);
				4233	</pre></div></div>
				4234	</li>
				4235	<li>
				4236
				4237	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				4238
				4239	<div>
				4240	<div>
				4241	<pre class="source">[ true, 1 ]
				4242	</pre></div></div>
				4243	</li>
				4244	</ul></div>
				4245	<div class="section">
				4246	<h3><a name="similarity_jaccard"></a>similarity_jaccard</h3>
				4247	<ul>
				4248
				4249	<li>
				4250
				4251	<p>Syntax:</p>
				4252
				4253	<div>
				4254	<div>
				4255	<pre class="source">similarity_jaccard(array1, array2)
				4256	</pre></div></div>
				4257	</li>
				4258	<li>
				4259
				4260	<p>Returns the <a class="externalLink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaccard_index">Jaccard similarity</a> of <tt>array1</tt> and <tt>array2</tt>.</p>
				4261	</li>
				4262	<li>Arguments:
				4263	<ul>
				4264
				4265	<li><tt>array1</tt> : an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt>.</li>
				4266	<li><tt>array2</tt> : an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt>.</li>
				4267	</ul>
				4268	</li>
				4269	<li>Return Value:
				4270	<ul>
				4271
				4272	<li>a <tt>float</tt> that represents the Jaccard similarity of <tt>array1</tt> and <tt>array2</tt>,</li>
				4273	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4274	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4275	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any element in any input array is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				4276	<li><tt>null</tt> if any element in any input array is <tt>null</tt> but no element in the input array is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				4277	<li>any other non-array input value or non-integer element in any input array will cause a type error.</li>
				4278	</ul>
				4279	</li>
				4280	<li>
				4281
				4282	<p>Note: a <a href="similarity.html#UsingIndexesToSupportSimilarityQueries">keyword index</a> can be utilized for this function.</p>
				4283	</li>
				4284	<li>Example:
				4285
				4286	<div>
				4287	<div>
				4288	<pre class="source">similarity_jaccard([1,5,8,9], [1,5,9,10]);
				4289	</pre></div></div>
				4290	</li>
				4291	<li>
				4292
				4293	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				4294
				4295	<div>
				4296	<div>
				4297	<pre class="source">0.6
				4298	</pre></div></div>
				4299	</li>
				4300	</ul></div>
				4301	<div class="section">
				4302	<h3><a name="similarity_jaccard_check"></a>similarity_jaccard_check</h3>
				4303	<ul>
				4304
				4305	<li>
				4306
				4307	<p>Syntax:</p>
				4308
				4309	<div>
				4310	<div>
				4311	<pre class="source">similarity_jaccard_check(array1, array2, threshold)
				4312	</pre></div></div>
				4313	</li>
				4314	<li>
				4315
				4316	<p>Checks whether <tt>array1</tt> and <tt>array2</tt> have a <a class="externalLink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaccard_index">Jaccard similarity</a> greater than or equal to threshold. Again, the “check” version of Jaccard is faster than the “non_check” version.</p>
				4317	</li>
				4318	<li>
				4319
				4320	<p>Arguments:</p>
				4321	<ul>
				4322
				4323	<li><tt>array1</tt> : an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt>.</li>
				4324	<li><tt>array2</tt> : an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt>.</li>
				4325	<li><tt>threshold</tt> : a <tt>double</tt> that represents the similarity threshold.</li>
				4326	</ul>
				4327	</li>
				4328	<li>Return Value:
				4329	<ul>
				4330
				4331	<li>an <tt>array</tt> with two items:
				4332	<ul>
				4333
				4334	<li>The first item contains a <tt>boolean</tt> value representing whether <tt>array1</tt> and <tt>array2</tt> are similar.</li>
				4335	<li>The second item contains a <tt>float</tt> that represents the Jaccard similarity of <tt>array1</tt> and <tt>array2</tt> if it is greater than or equal to the threshold, or 0 otherwise.</li>
				4336	</ul>
				4337	</li>
				4338	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4339	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4340	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any element in any input array is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				4341	<li><tt>null</tt> if any element in any input array is <tt>null</tt> but no element in the input array is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				4342	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				4343	<ul>
				4344
				4345	<li>the first or second argument is any other non-array value,
				4346	<ul>
				4347
				4348	<li>or, the third argument is any other non-double value.</li>
				4349	</ul>
				4350	</li>
				4351	</ul>
				4352	</li>
				4353	</ul>
				4354	</li>
				4355	<li>
				4356
				4357	<p>Note: a <a href="similarity.html#UsingIndexesToSupportSimilarityQueries">keyword index</a> can be utilized for this function.</p>
				4358	</li>
				4359	<li>Example:
				4360
				4361	<div>
				4362	<div>
				4363	<pre class="source">similarity_jaccard_check([1,5,8,9], [1,5,9,10], 0.6);
				4364	</pre></div></div>
				4365	</li>
				4366	<li>
				4367
				4368	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				4369
				4370	<div>
				4371	<div>
				4372	<pre class="source">[ false, 0.0 ]
				4373	</pre></div></div>
				4374	</li>
				4375	</ul><!--
				4376	! Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
				4377	! or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
				4378	! distributed with this work for additional information
				4379	! regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
				4380	! to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
				4381	! "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
				4382	! with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
				4383	!
				4384	! http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
				4385	!
				4386	! Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
				4387	! software distributed under the License is distributed on an
				4388	! "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
				4389	! KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
				4390	! specific language governing permissions and limitations
				4391	! under the License.
				4392	!-->
				4393	</div></div>
				4394	<div class="section">
				4395	<h2><a name="Tokenizing_Functions"></a><a name="TokenizingFunctions" id="TokenizingFunctions">Tokenizing Functions</a></h2>
				4396	<div class="section">
				4397	<h3><a name="word_tokens"></a>word_tokens</h3>
				4398	<ul>
				4399
				4400	<li>
				4401
				4402	<p>Syntax:</p>
				4403
				4404	<div>
				4405	<div>
				4406	<pre class="source">word_tokens(string)
				4407	</pre></div></div>
				4408	</li>
				4409	<li>
				4410
				4411	<p>Returns an array of word tokens of <tt>string</tt> using non_alphanumeric characters as delimiters.</p>
				4412	</li>
				4413	<li>Arguments:
				4414	<ul>
				4415
				4416	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> that will be tokenized.</li>
				4417	</ul>
				4418	</li>
				4419	<li>Return Value:
				4420	<ul>
				4421
				4422	<li>an <tt>array</tt> of <tt>string</tt> word tokens,</li>
				4423	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4424	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				4425	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error.</li>
				4426	</ul>
				4427	</li>
				4428	<li>
				4429
				4430	<p>Example:</p>
				4431
				4432	<div>
				4433	<div>
				4434	<pre class="source">word_tokens("I like the phone, awesome!");
				4435	</pre></div></div>
				4436	</li>
				4437	<li>
				4438
				4439	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				4440
				4441	<div>
				4442	<div>
				4443	<pre class="source">[ "i", "like", "the", "phone", "awesome" ]
				4444	</pre></div></div>
				4445	</li>
				4446	</ul><!--
				4447	! Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
				4448	! or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
				4449	! distributed with this work for additional information
				4450	! regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
				4451	! to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
				4452	! "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
				4453	! with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
				4454	!
				4455	! http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
				4456	!
				4457	! Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
				4458	! software distributed under the License is distributed on an
				4459	! "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
				4460	! KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
				4461	! specific language governing permissions and limitations
				4462	! under the License.
				4463	!-->
				4464	</div></div>
				4465	<div class="section">
				4466	<h2><a name="Temporal_Functions"></a><a name="TemporalFunctions" id="TemporalFunctions">Temporal Functions</a></h2>
				4467	<div class="section">
				4468	<h3><a name="get_year.2Fget_month.2Fget_day.2Fget_hour.2Fget_minute.2Fget_second.2Fget_millisecond"></a>get_year/get_month/get_day/get_hour/get_minute/get_second/get_millisecond</h3>
				4469	<ul>
				4470
				4471	<li>
				4472
				4473	<p>Syntax:</p>
				4474
				4475	<div>
				4476	<div>
				4477	<pre class="source">get_year/get_month/get_day/get_hour/get_minute/get_second/get_millisecond(temporal_value)
				4478	</pre></div></div>
				4479	</li>
				4480	<li>
				4481
				4482	<p>Accessors for accessing fields in a temporal value</p>
				4483	</li>
				4484	<li>Arguments:
				4485	<ul>
				4486
				4487	<li><tt>temporal_value</tt> : a temporal value represented as one of the following types: <tt>date</tt>, <tt>datetime</tt>, <tt>time</tt>, and <tt>duration</tt>.</li>
				4488	</ul>
				4489	</li>
				4490	<li>Return Value:
				4491	<ul>
				4492
				4493	<li>an <tt>bigint</tt> value representing the field to be extracted,</li>
				4494	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4495	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4496	<li>any other non-interval input value will cause a type error.</li>
				4497	</ul>
				4498	</li>
				4499	<li>
				4500
				4501	<p>Example:</p>
				4502
				4503	<div>
				4504	<div>
				4505	<pre class="source">{
				4506	"year": get_year(date("2010-10-30")),
				4507	"month": get_month(datetime("1987-11-19T23:49:23.938")),
				4508	"day": get_day(date("2010-10-30")),
				4509	"hour": get_hour(time("12:23:34.930+07:00")),
				4510	"min": get_minute(duration("P3Y73M632DT49H743M3948.94S")),
				4511	"second": get_second(datetime("1987-11-19T23:49:23.938")),
				4512	"ms": get_millisecond(duration("P3Y73M632DT49H743M3948.94S"))
				4513	};
				4514	</pre></div></div>
				4515	</li>
				4516	<li>
				4517
				4518	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				4519
				4520	<div>
				4521	<div>
				4522	<pre class="source">{ "year": 2010, "month": 11, "day": 30, "hour": 5, "min": 28, "second": 23, "ms": 94 }
				4523	</pre></div></div>
				4524	</li>
				4525	</ul></div>
				4526	<div class="section">
				4527	<h3><a name="adjust_datetime_for_timezone"></a>adjust_datetime_for_timezone</h3>
				4528	<ul>
				4529
				4530	<li>
				4531
				4532	<p>Syntax:</p>
				4533
				4534	<div>
				4535	<div>
				4536	<pre class="source">adjust_datetime_for_timezone(datetime, string)
				4537	</pre></div></div>
				4538	</li>
				4539	<li>
				4540
				4541	<p>Adjusts the given datetime <tt>datetime</tt> by applying the timezone information <tt>string</tt>.</p>
				4542	</li>
				4543	<li>Arguments:
				4544	<ul>
				4545
				4546	<li><tt>datetime</tt> : a <tt>datetime</tt> value to be adjusted.</li>
				4547	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> representing the timezone information.</li>
				4548	</ul>
				4549	</li>
				4550	<li>Return Value:
				4551	<ul>
				4552
				4553	<li>a <tt>string</tt> value representing the new datetime after being adjusted by the timezone information,</li>
				4554	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4555	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4556	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				4557	<ul>
				4558
				4559	<li>the first argument is any other non-datetime value,</li>
				4560	<li>or, the second argument is any other non-string value.</li>
				4561	</ul>
				4562	</li>
				4563	</ul>
				4564	</li>
				4565	<li>
				4566
				4567	<p>Example:</p>
				4568
				4569	<div>
				4570	<div>
				4571	<pre class="source">adjust_datetime_for_timezone(datetime("2008-04-26T10:10:00"), "+08:00");
				4572	</pre></div></div>
				4573	</li>
				4574	<li>
				4575
				4576	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				4577
				4578	<div>
				4579	<div>
				4580	<pre class="source">"2008-04-26T18:10:00.000+08:00"
				4581	</pre></div></div>
				4582	</li>
				4583	</ul></div>
				4584	<div class="section">
				4585	<h3><a name="adjust_time_for_timezone"></a>adjust_time_for_timezone</h3>
				4586	<ul>
				4587
				4588	<li>
				4589
				4590	<p>Syntax:</p>
				4591
				4592	<div>
				4593	<div>
				4594	<pre class="source">adjust_time_for_timezone(time, string)
				4595	</pre></div></div>
				4596	</li>
				4597	<li>
				4598
				4599	<p>Adjusts the given time <tt>time</tt> by applying the timezone information <tt>string</tt>.</p>
				4600	</li>
				4601	<li>Arguments:
				4602	<ul>
				4603
				4604	<li><tt>time</tt> : a <tt>time</tt> value to be adjusted.</li>
				4605	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> representing the timezone information.</li>
				4606	</ul>
				4607	</li>
				4608	<li>Return Value:
				4609	<ul>
				4610
				4611	<li>a <tt>string</tt> value representing the new time after being adjusted by the timezone information,</li>
				4612	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4613	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4614	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				4615	<ul>
				4616
				4617	<li>the first argument is any other non-time value,</li>
				4618	<li>or, the second argument is any other non-string value.</li>
				4619	</ul>
				4620	</li>
				4621	</ul>
				4622	</li>
				4623	<li>
				4624
				4625	<p>Example:</p>
				4626
				4627	<div>
				4628	<div>
				4629	<pre class="source">adjust_time_for_timezone(get_time_from_datetime(datetime("2008-04-26T10:10:00")), "+08:00");
				4630	</pre></div></div>
				4631	</li>
				4632	<li>
				4633
				4634	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				4635
				4636	<div>
				4637	<div>
				4638	<pre class="source">"18:10:00.000+08:00"
				4639	</pre></div></div>
				4640	</li>
				4641	</ul></div>
				4642	<div class="section">
				4643	<h3><a name="calendar_duration_from_datetime"></a>calendar_duration_from_datetime</h3>
				4644	<ul>
				4645
				4646	<li>
				4647
				4648	<p>Syntax:</p>
				4649
				4650	<div>
				4651	<div>
				4652	<pre class="source">calendar_duration_from_datetime(datetime, duration_value)
				4653	</pre></div></div>
				4654	</li>
				4655	<li>
				4656
				4657	<p>Gets a user_friendly representation of the duration <tt>duration_value</tt> based on the given datetime <tt>datetime</tt>.</p>
				4658	</li>
				4659	<li>Arguments:
				4660	<ul>
				4661
				4662	<li><tt>datetime</tt> : a <tt>datetime</tt> value to be used as the reference time point.</li>
				4663	<li><tt>duration_value</tt> : a <tt>duration</tt> value to be converted.</li>
				4664	</ul>
				4665	</li>
				4666	<li>Return Value:
				4667	<ul>
				4668
				4669	<li>a <tt>duration</tt> value with the duration as <tt>duration_value</tt> but with a user_friendly representation,</li>
				4670	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4671	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4672	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				4673	<ul>
				4674
				4675	<li>the first argument is any other non-datetime value,</li>
				4676	<li>or, the second argument is any other non-duration input value.</li>
				4677	</ul>
				4678	</li>
				4679	</ul>
				4680	</li>
				4681	<li>
				4682
				4683	<p>Example:</p>
				4684
				4685	<div>
				4686	<div>
				4687	<pre class="source">calendar_duration_from_datetime(
				4688	datetime("2016-03-26T10:10:00"),
				4689	datetime("2016-03-26T10:10:00") - datetime("2011-01-01T00:00:00")
				4690	);
				4691	</pre></div></div>
				4692	</li>
				4693	<li>
				4694
				4695	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				4696
				4697	<div>
				4698	<div>
				4699	<pre class="source">duration("P5Y2M24DT10H10M")
				4700	</pre></div></div>
				4701	</li>
				4702	</ul></div>
				4703	<div class="section">
				4704	<h3><a name="get_year_month_duration.2Fget_day_time_duration"></a>get_year_month_duration/get_day_time_duration</h3>
				4705	<ul>
				4706
				4707	<li>
				4708
				4709	<p>Syntax:</p>
				4710
				4711	<div>
				4712	<div>
				4713	<pre class="source">get_year_month_duration/get_day_time_duration(duration_value)
				4714	</pre></div></div>
				4715	</li>
				4716	<li>
				4717
				4718	<p>Extracts the correct <tt>duration</tt> subtype from <tt>duration_value</tt>.</p>
				4719	</li>
				4720	<li>Arguments:
				4721	<ul>
				4722
				4723	<li><tt>duration_value</tt> : a <tt>duration</tt> value to be converted.</li>
				4724	</ul>
				4725	</li>
				4726	<li>Return Value:
				4727	<ul>
				4728
				4729	<li>a <tt>year_month_duration</tt> value or a <tt>day_time_duration</tt> value,</li>
				4730	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4731	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				4732	<li>any other non-duration input value will cause a type error.</li>
				4733	</ul>
				4734	</li>
				4735	<li>
				4736
				4737	<p>Example:</p>
				4738
				4739	<div>
				4740	<div>
				4741	<pre class="source">get_year_month_duration(duration("P12M50DT10H"));
				4742	</pre></div></div>
				4743	</li>
				4744	<li>
				4745
				4746	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				4747
				4748	<div>
				4749	<div>
				4750	<pre class="source">year_month_duration("P1Y")
				4751	</pre></div></div>
				4752	</li>
				4753	</ul></div>
				4754	<div class="section">
				4755	<h3><a name="months_from_year_month_duration.2Fms_from_day_time_duration"></a>months_from_year_month_duration/ms_from_day_time_duration</h3>
				4756	<ul>
				4757
				4758	<li>
				4759
				4760	<p>Syntax:</p>
				4761
				4762	<div>
				4763	<div>
				4764	<pre class="source">months_from_year_month_duration/ms_from_day_time_duration(duration_value)
				4765	</pre></div></div>
				4766	</li>
				4767	<li>
				4768
				4769	<p>Extracts the number of months or the number of milliseconds from the <tt>duration</tt> subtype.</p>
				4770	</li>
				4771	<li>Arguments:
				4772	<ul>
				4773
				4774	<li><tt>duration_value</tt> : a <tt>duration</tt> of the correct subtype.</li>
				4775	</ul>
				4776	</li>
				4777	<li>Return Value:
				4778	<ul>
				4779
				4780	<li>a <tt>bigint</tt> representing the number of months/milliseconds,</li>
				4781	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4782	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				4783	<li>any other non-duration input value will cause a type error.</li>
				4784	</ul>
				4785	</li>
				4786	<li>
				4787
				4788	<p>Example:</p>
				4789
				4790	<div>
				4791	<div>
				4792	<pre class="source">{
				4793	"months": months_from_year_month_duration(get_year_month_duration(duration("P5Y7MT50M"))),
				4794	"milliseconds": ms_from_day_time_duration(get_day_time_duration(duration("P5Y7MT50M")))
				4795	};
				4796	</pre></div></div>
				4797	</li>
				4798	<li>
				4799
				4800	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				4801
				4802	<div>
				4803	<div>
				4804	<pre class="source">{"months": 67, "milliseconds": 3000000}
				4805	</pre></div></div>
				4806	</li>
				4807	</ul></div>
				4808	<div class="section">
				4809	<h3><a name="duration_from_months.2Fduration_from_ms"></a>duration_from_months/duration_from_ms</h3>
				4810	<ul>
				4811
				4812	<li>
				4813
				4814	<p>Syntax:</p>
				4815
				4816	<div>
				4817	<div>
				4818	<pre class="source">duration_from_months/duration_from_ms(number_value)
				4819	</pre></div></div>
				4820	</li>
				4821	<li>
				4822
				4823	<p>Creates a <tt>duration</tt> from <tt>number_value</tt>.</p>
				4824	</li>
				4825	<li>Arguments:
				4826	<ul>
				4827
				4828	<li><tt>number_value</tt> : a <tt>bigint</tt> representing the number of months/milliseconds</li>
				4829	</ul>
				4830	</li>
				4831	<li>Return Value:
				4832	<ul>
				4833
				4834	<li>a <tt>duration</tt> containing <tt>number_value</tt> value for months/milliseconds,</li>
				4835	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4836	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				4837	<li>any other non-duration input value will cause a type error.</li>
				4838	</ul>
				4839	</li>
				4840	<li>
				4841
				4842	<p>Example:</p>
				4843
				4844	<div>
				4845	<div>
				4846	<pre class="source">duration_from_months(8);
				4847	</pre></div></div>
				4848	</li>
				4849	<li>
				4850
				4851	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				4852
				4853	<div>
				4854	<div>
				4855	<pre class="source">duration("P8M")
				4856	</pre></div></div>
				4857	</li>
				4858	</ul></div>
				4859	<div class="section">
				4860	<h3><a name="duration_from_interval"></a>duration_from_interval</h3>
				4861	<ul>
				4862
				4863	<li>
				4864
				4865	<p>Syntax:</p>
				4866
				4867	<div>
				4868	<div>
				4869	<pre class="source">duration_from_interval(interval_value)
				4870	</pre></div></div>
				4871	</li>
				4872	<li>
				4873
				4874	<p>Creates a <tt>duration</tt> from <tt>interval_value</tt>.</p>
				4875	</li>
				4876	<li>Arguments:
				4877	<ul>
				4878
				4879	<li><tt>interval_value</tt> : an <tt>interval</tt> value</li>
				4880	</ul>
				4881	</li>
				4882	<li>Return Value:
				4883	<ul>
				4884
				4885	<li>a <tt>duration</tt> representing the time in the <tt>interval_value</tt></li>
				4886	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4887	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				4888	<li>any other non-duration input value will cause a type error.</li>
				4889	</ul>
				4890	</li>
				4891	<li>
				4892
				4893	<p>Example:</p>
				4894
				4895	<div>
				4896	<div>
				4897	<pre class="source">{
				4898	"dr1" : duration_from_interval(interval(date("2010-10-30"), date("2010-12-21"))),
				4899	"dr2" : duration_from_interval(interval(datetime("2012-06-26T01:01:01.111"), datetime("2012-07-27T02:02:02.222"))),
				4900	"dr3" : duration_from_interval(interval(time("12:32:38"), time("20:29:20"))),
				4901	"dr4" : duration_from_interval(null)
				4902	};
				4903	</pre></div></div>
				4904	</li>
				4905	<li>
				4906
				4907	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				4908
				4909	<div>
				4910	<div>
				4911	<pre class="source">{
				4912	"dr1": day_time_duration("P52D"),
				4913	"dr2": day_time_duration("P31DT1H1M1.111S"),
				4914	"dr3": day_time_duration("PT7H56M42S"),
				4915	"dr4": null
				4916	}
				4917	</pre></div></div>
				4918	</li>
				4919	</ul></div>
				4920	<div class="section">
				4921	<h3><a name="current_date"></a>current_date</h3>
				4922	<ul>
				4923
				4924	<li>
				4925
				4926	<p>Syntax:</p>
				4927
				4928	<div>
				4929	<div>
				4930	<pre class="source">current_date()
				4931	</pre></div></div>
				4932	</li>
				4933	<li>
				4934
				4935	<p>Gets the current date.</p>
				4936	</li>
				4937	<li>Arguments: None</li>
				4938	<li>Return Value:
				4939	<ul>
				4940
				4941	<li>a <tt>date</tt> value of the date when the function is called.</li>
				4942	</ul>
				4943	</li>
				4944	</ul></div>
				4945	<div class="section">
				4946	<h3><a name="current_time"></a>current_time</h3>
				4947	<ul>
				4948
				4949	<li>
				4950
				4951	<p>Syntax:</p>
				4952
				4953	<div>
				4954	<div>
				4955	<pre class="source">current_time()
				4956	</pre></div></div>
				4957	</li>
				4958	<li>
				4959
				4960	<p>Get the current time</p>
				4961	</li>
				4962	<li>Arguments: None</li>
				4963	<li>Return Value:
				4964	<ul>
				4965
				4966	<li>a <tt>time</tt> value of the time when the function is called.</li>
				4967	</ul>
				4968	</li>
				4969	</ul></div>
				4970	<div class="section">
				4971	<h3><a name="current_datetime"></a>current_datetime</h3>
				4972	<ul>
				4973
				4974	<li>
				4975
				4976	<p>Syntax:</p>
				4977
				4978	<div>
				4979	<div>
				4980	<pre class="source">current_datetime()
				4981	</pre></div></div>
				4982	</li>
				4983	<li>
				4984
				4985	<p>Get the current datetime</p>
				4986	</li>
				4987	<li>Arguments: None</li>
				4988	<li>Return Value:
				4989	<ul>
				4990
				4991	<li>a <tt>datetime</tt> value of the datetime when the function is called.</li>
				4992	</ul>
				4993	</li>
				4994	</ul></div>
				4995	<div class="section">
				4996	<h3><a name="get_date_from_datetime"></a>get_date_from_datetime</h3>
				4997	<ul>
				4998
				4999	<li>
				5000
				5001	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5002
				5003	<div>
				5004	<div>
				5005	<pre class="source">get_date_from_datetime(datetime)
				5006	</pre></div></div>
				5007	</li>
				5008	<li>
				5009
				5010	<p>Gets the date value from the given datetime value <tt>datetime</tt>.</p>
				5011	</li>
				5012	<li>Arguments:
				5013	<ul>
				5014
				5015	<li><tt>datetime</tt>: a <tt>datetime</tt> value to be extracted from.</li>
				5016	</ul>
				5017	</li>
				5018	<li>Return Value:
				5019	<ul>
				5020
				5021	<li>a <tt>date</tt> value from the datetime,</li>
				5022	<li>any other non-datetime input value will cause a type error.</li>
				5023	</ul>
				5024	</li>
				5025	</ul></div>
				5026	<div class="section">
				5027	<h3><a name="get_time_from_datetime"></a>get_time_from_datetime</h3>
				5028	<ul>
				5029
				5030	<li>
				5031
				5032	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5033
				5034	<div>
				5035	<div>
				5036	<pre class="source">get_time_from_datetime(datetime)
				5037	</pre></div></div>
				5038	</li>
				5039	<li>
				5040
				5041	<p>Get the time value from the given datetime value <tt>datetime</tt></p>
				5042	</li>
				5043	<li>Arguments:
				5044	<ul>
				5045
				5046	<li><tt>datetime</tt>: a <tt>datetime</tt> value to be extracted from.</li>
				5047	</ul>
				5048	</li>
				5049	<li>Return Value:
				5050	<ul>
				5051
				5052	<li>a <tt>time</tt> value from the datetime.</li>
				5053	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5054	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				5055	<li>any other non-datetime input value will cause a type error.</li>
				5056	</ul>
				5057	</li>
				5058	<li>
				5059
				5060	<p>Example:</p>
				5061
				5062	<div>
				5063	<div>
				5064	<pre class="source">get_time_from_datetime(datetime("2016-03-26T10:10:00"));
				5065	</pre></div></div>
				5066	</li>
				5067	<li>
				5068
				5069	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				5070
				5071	<div>
				5072	<div>
				5073	<pre class="source">time("10:10:00.000Z")
				5074	</pre></div></div>
				5075	</li>
				5076	</ul></div>
				5077	<div class="section">
				5078	<h3><a name="day_of_week"></a>day_of_week</h3>
				5079	<ul>
				5080
				5081	<li>
				5082
				5083	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5084
				5085	<div>
				5086	<div>
				5087	<pre class="source">day_of_week(date)
				5088	</pre></div></div>
				5089	</li>
				5090	<li>
				5091
				5092	<p>Finds the day of the week for a given date (1_7)</p>
				5093	</li>
				5094	<li>Arguments:
				5095	<ul>
				5096
				5097	<li><tt>date</tt>: a <tt>date</tt> value (Can also be a <tt>datetime</tt>)</li>
				5098	</ul>
				5099	</li>
				5100	<li>Return Value:
				5101	<ul>
				5102
				5103	<li>an <tt>tinyint</tt> representing the day of the week (1_7),</li>
				5104	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5105	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				5106	<li>any other non-date input value will cause a type error.</li>
				5107	</ul>
				5108	</li>
				5109	<li>
				5110
				5111	<p>Example:</p>
				5112
				5113	<div>
				5114	<div>
				5115	<pre class="source">day_of_week(datetime("2012-12-30T12:12:12.039Z"));
				5116	</pre></div></div>
				5117	</li>
				5118	<li>
				5119
				5120	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				5121
				5122	<div>
				5123	<div>
				5124	<pre class="source">7
				5125	</pre></div></div>
				5126	</li>
				5127	</ul></div>
				5128	<div class="section">
				5129	<h3><a name="date_from_unix_time_in_days"></a>date_from_unix_time_in_days</h3>
				5130	<ul>
				5131
				5132	<li>
				5133
				5134	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5135
				5136	<div>
				5137	<div>
				5138	<pre class="source">date_from_unix_time_in_days(numeric_value)
				5139	</pre></div></div>
				5140	</li>
				5141	<li>
				5142
				5143	<p>Gets a date representing the time after <tt>numeric_value</tt> days since 1970_01_01.</p>
				5144	</li>
				5145	<li>Arguments:
				5146	<ul>
				5147
				5148	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt> value representing the number of days.</li>
				5149	</ul>
				5150	</li>
				5151	<li>Return Value:
				5152	<ul>
				5153
				5154	<li>a <tt>date</tt> value as the time after <tt>numeric_value</tt> days since 1970-01-01,</li>
				5155	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5156	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				5157	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				5158	</ul>
				5159	</li>
				5160	</ul></div>
				5161	<div class="section">
				5162	<h3><a name="datetime_from_unix_time_in_ms"></a>datetime_from_unix_time_in_ms</h3>
				5163	<ul>
				5164
				5165	<li>
				5166
				5167	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5168
				5169	<div>
				5170	<div>
				5171	<pre class="source">datetime_from_unix_time_in_ms(numeric_value)
				5172	</pre></div></div>
				5173	</li>
				5174	<li>
				5175
				5176	<p>Gets a datetime representing the time after <tt>numeric_value</tt> milliseconds since 1970_01_01T00:00:00Z.</p>
				5177	</li>
				5178	<li>Arguments:
				5179	<ul>
				5180
				5181	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt> value representing the number of milliseconds.</li>
				5182	</ul>
				5183	</li>
				5184	<li>Return Value:
				5185	<ul>
				5186
				5187	<li>a <tt>datetime</tt> value as the time after <tt>numeric_value</tt> milliseconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z,</li>
				5188	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5189	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				5190	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				5191	</ul>
				5192	</li>
				5193	</ul></div>
				5194	<div class="section">
				5195	<h3><a name="datetime_from_unix_time_in_secs"></a>datetime_from_unix_time_in_secs</h3>
				5196	<ul>
				5197
				5198	<li>
				5199
				5200	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5201
				5202	<div>
				5203	<div>
				5204	<pre class="source">datetime_from_unix_time_in_secs(numeric_value)
				5205	</pre></div></div>
				5206	</li>
				5207	<li>
				5208
				5209	<p>Gets a datetime representing the time after <tt>numeric_value</tt> seconds since 1970_01_01T00:00:00Z.</p>
				5210	</li>
				5211	<li>Arguments:
				5212	<ul>
				5213
				5214	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt> value representing the number of seconds.</li>
				5215	</ul>
				5216	</li>
				5217	<li>Return Value:
				5218	<ul>
				5219
				5220	<li>a <tt>datetime</tt> value as the time after <tt>numeric_value</tt> seconds since 1970_01_01T00:00:00Z,</li>
				5221	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5222	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				5223	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				5224	</ul>
				5225	</li>
				5226	</ul></div>
				5227	<div class="section">
				5228	<h3><a name="datetime_from_date_time"></a>datetime_from_date_time</h3>
				5229	<ul>
				5230
				5231	<li>Syntax:</li>
				5232	</ul>
				5233	<p>datetime_from_date_time(date,time)</p>
				5234	<ul>
				5235
				5236	<li>Gets a datetime representing the combination of <tt>date</tt> and <tt>time</tt>
				5237	<ul>
				5238
				5239	<li>Arguments:</li>
				5240	<li><tt>date</tt>: a <tt>date</tt> value</li>
				5241	<li><tt>time</tt> a <tt>time</tt> value</li>
				5242	</ul>
				5243	</li>
				5244	<li>Return Value:
				5245	<ul>
				5246
				5247	<li>a <tt>datetime</tt> value by combining <tt>date</tt> and <tt>time</tt>,</li>
				5248	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5249	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5250	<li>a type error will be raised if
				5251	<ul>
				5252
				5253	<li>the first argument is any other non-date value,</li>
				5254	<li>or, the second argument is any other non-time value.</li>
				5255	</ul>
				5256	</li>
				5257	</ul>
				5258	</li>
				5259	</ul></div>
				5260	<div class="section">
				5261	<h3><a name="time_from_unix_time_in_ms"></a>time_from_unix_time_in_ms</h3>
				5262	<ul>
				5263
				5264	<li>
				5265
				5266	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5267
				5268	<div>
				5269	<div>
				5270	<pre class="source">time_from_unix_time_in_ms(numeric_value)
				5271	</pre></div></div>
				5272	</li>
				5273	<li>
				5274
				5275	<p>Gets a time representing the time after <tt>numeric_value</tt> milliseconds since 00:00:00.000Z.</p>
				5276	</li>
				5277	<li>Arguments:
				5278	<ul>
				5279
				5280	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt> value representing the number of milliseconds.</li>
				5281	</ul>
				5282	</li>
				5283	<li>Return Value:
				5284	<ul>
				5285
				5286	<li>a <tt>time</tt> value as the time after <tt>numeric_value</tt> milliseconds since 00:00:00.000Z,</li>
				5287	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5288	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				5289	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				5290	</ul>
				5291	</li>
				5292	<li>
				5293
				5294	<p>Example:</p>
				5295
				5296	<div>
				5297	<div>
				5298	<pre class="source">{
				5299	"date": date_from_unix_time_in_days(15800),
				5300	"datetime": datetime_from_unix_time_in_ms(1365139700000),
				5301	"time": time_from_unix_time_in_ms(3748)
				5302	};
				5303	</pre></div></div>
				5304	</li>
				5305	<li>
				5306
				5307	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				5308
				5309	<div>
				5310	<div>
				5311	<pre class="source">{ "date": date("2013-04-05"), "datetime": datetime("2013-04-05T05:28:20.000Z"), "time": time("00:00:03.748Z") }
				5312	</pre></div></div>
				5313	</li>
				5314	</ul></div>
				5315	<div class="section">
				5316	<h3><a name="unix_time_from_date_in_days"></a>unix_time_from_date_in_days</h3>
				5317	<ul>
				5318
				5319	<li>
				5320
				5321	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5322
				5323	<div>
				5324	<div>
				5325	<pre class="source">unix_time_from_date_in_days(date_value)
				5326	</pre></div></div>
				5327	</li>
				5328	<li>
				5329
				5330	<p>Gets an integer value representing the number of days since 1970_01_01 for <tt>date_value</tt>.</p>
				5331	</li>
				5332	<li>Arguments:
				5333	<ul>
				5334
				5335	<li><tt>date_value</tt>: a <tt>date</tt> value.</li>
				5336	</ul>
				5337	</li>
				5338	<li>Return Value:
				5339	<ul>
				5340
				5341	<li>a <tt>bigint</tt> value representing the number of days,</li>
				5342	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5343	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				5344	<li>any other non-date input value will cause a type error.</li>
				5345	</ul>
				5346	</li>
				5347	</ul></div>
				5348	<div class="section">
				5349	<h3><a name="unix_time_from_datetime_in_ms"></a>unix_time_from_datetime_in_ms</h3>
				5350	<ul>
				5351
				5352	<li>
				5353
				5354	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5355
				5356	<div>
				5357	<div>
				5358	<pre class="source">unix_time_from_datetime_in_ms(datetime_value)
				5359	</pre></div></div>
				5360	</li>
				5361	<li>
				5362
				5363	<p>Gets an integer value representing the time in milliseconds since 1970_01_01T00:00:00Z for <tt>datetime_value</tt>.</p>
				5364	</li>
				5365	<li>Arguments:
				5366	<ul>
				5367
				5368	<li><tt>datetime_value</tt> : a <tt>datetime</tt> value.</li>
				5369	</ul>
				5370	</li>
				5371	<li>Return Value:
				5372	<ul>
				5373
				5374	<li>a <tt>bigint</tt> value representing the number of milliseconds,</li>
				5375	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5376	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				5377	<li>any other non-datetime input value will cause a type error.</li>
				5378	</ul>
				5379	</li>
				5380	</ul></div>
				5381	<div class="section">
				5382	<h3><a name="unix_time_from_datetime_in_secs"></a>unix_time_from_datetime_in_secs</h3>
				5383	<ul>
				5384
				5385	<li>
				5386
				5387	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5388
				5389	<div>
				5390	<div>
				5391	<pre class="source">unix_time_from_datetime_in_secs(datetime_value)
				5392	</pre></div></div>
				5393	</li>
				5394	<li>
				5395
				5396	<p>Gets an integer value representing the time in seconds since 1970_01_01T00:00:00Z for <tt>datetime_value</tt>.</p>
				5397	</li>
				5398	<li>Arguments:
				5399	<ul>
				5400
				5401	<li><tt>datetime_value</tt> : a <tt>datetime</tt> value.</li>
				5402	</ul>
				5403	</li>
				5404	<li>Return Value:
				5405	<ul>
				5406
				5407	<li>a <tt>bigint</tt> value representing the number of seconds,</li>
				5408	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5409	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				5410	<li>any other non-datetime input value will cause a type error.</li>
				5411	</ul>
				5412	</li>
				5413	</ul></div>
				5414	<div class="section">
				5415	<h3><a name="unix_time_from_time_in_ms"></a>unix_time_from_time_in_ms</h3>
				5416	<ul>
				5417
				5418	<li>
				5419
				5420	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5421
				5422	<div>
				5423	<div>
				5424	<pre class="source">unix_time_from_time_in_ms(time_value)
				5425	</pre></div></div>
				5426	</li>
				5427	<li>
				5428
				5429	<p>Gets an integer value representing the time the milliseconds since 00:00:00.000Z for <tt>time_value</tt>.</p>
				5430	</li>
				5431	<li>Arguments:
				5432	<ul>
				5433
				5434	<li><tt>time_value</tt> : a <tt>time</tt> value.</li>
				5435	</ul>
				5436	</li>
				5437	<li>Return Value:
				5438	<ul>
				5439
				5440	<li>a <tt>bigint</tt> value representing the number of milliseconds,</li>
				5441	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5442	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				5443	<li>any other non-datetime input value will cause a type error.</li>
				5444	</ul>
				5445	</li>
				5446	<li>
				5447
				5448	<p>Example:</p>
				5449
				5450	<div>
				5451	<div>
				5452	<pre class="source">{
				5453	"date": date_from_unix_time_in_days(15800),
				5454	"datetime": datetime_from_unix_time_in_ms(1365139700000),
				5455	"time": time_from_unix_time_in_ms(3748)
				5456	}
				5457	</pre></div></div>
				5458	</li>
				5459	<li>
				5460
				5461	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				5462
				5463	<div>
				5464	<div>
				5465	<pre class="source">{ "date": date("2013-04-05"), "datetime": datetime("2013-04-05T05:28:20.000Z"), "time": time("00:00:03.748Z") }
				5466	</pre></div></div>
				5467	</li>
				5468	</ul></div>
				5469	<div class="section">
				5470	<h3><a name="parse_date.2Fparse_time.2Fparse_datetime"></a>parse_date/parse_time/parse_datetime</h3>
				5471	<ul>
				5472
				5473	<li>Syntax:</li>
				5474	</ul>
				5475	<p>parse_date/parse_time/parse_datetime(date,formatting_expression)</p>
				5476	<ul>
				5477
				5478	<li>Creates a <tt>date/time/date_time</tt> value by treating <tt>date</tt> with formatting <tt>formatting_expression</tt></li>
				5479	<li>Arguments:
				5480	<ul>
				5481
				5482	<li><tt>date</tt>: a <tt>string</tt> value representing the <tt>date/time/datetime</tt>.</li>
				5483	<li><tt>formatting_expression</tt> a <tt>string</tt> value providing the formatting for <tt>date_expression</tt>.Characters used to create date expression:</li>
				5484	<li><tt>h</tt> hours</li>
				5485	<li><tt>m</tt> minutes</li>
				5486	<li><tt>s</tt> seconds</li>
				5487	<li><tt>n</tt> milliseconds</li>
				5488	<li><tt>a</tt> am/pm</li>
				5489	<li><tt>z</tt> timezone</li>
				5490	<li><tt>Y</tt> year</li>
				5491	<li><tt>M</tt> month</li>
				5492	<li><tt>D</tt> day</li>
				5493	<li><tt>W</tt> weekday</li>
				5494	<li><tt>_</tt>, <tt>'</tt>, <tt>/</tt>, <tt>.</tt>, <tt>,</tt>, <tt>T</tt> seperators for both time and date</li>
				5495	</ul>
				5496	</li>
				5497	<li>Return Value:
				5498	<ul>
				5499
				5500	<li>a <tt>date/time/date_time</tt> value corresponding to <tt>date</tt>,</li>
				5501	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5502	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5503	<li>a type error will be raised if:</li>
				5504	<li>the first argument is any other non-date value,</li>
				5505	<li>the second argument is any other non-string value.</li>
				5506	</ul>
				5507	</li>
				5508	<li>
				5509
				5510	<p>Example:</p>
				5511
				5512	<div>
				5513	<div>
				5514	<pre class="source">parse_time("30:30","m:s");
				5515	</pre></div></div>
				5516	</li>
				5517	<li>
				5518
				5519	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				5520
				5521	<div>
				5522	<div>
				5523	<pre class="source">time("00:30:30.000Z")
				5524	</pre></div></div>
				5525	</li>
				5526	</ul></div>
				5527	<div class="section">
				5528	<h3><a name="print_date.2Fprint_time.2Fprint_datetime"></a>print_date/print_time/print_datetime</h3>
				5529	<ul>
				5530
				5531	<li>
				5532
				5533	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5534
				5535	<div>
				5536	<div>
				5537	<pre class="source">print_date/print_time/print_datetime(date,formatting_expression)
				5538	</pre></div></div>
				5539	</li>
				5540	<li>
				5541
				5542	<p>Creates a <tt>string</tt> representing a <tt>date/time/date_time</tt> value of the <tt>date</tt> using the formatting <tt>formatting_expression</tt></p>
				5543	</li>
				5544	<li>Arguments:
				5545	<ul>
				5546
				5547	<li><tt>date</tt>: a <tt>date/time/datetime</tt> value.</li>
				5548	<li><tt>formatting_expression</tt> a <tt>string</tt> value providing the formatting for <tt>date_expression</tt>. Characters used to create date expression:</li>
				5549	<li><tt>h</tt> hours</li>
				5550	<li><tt>m</tt> minutes</li>
				5551	<li><tt>s</tt> seconds</li>
				5552	<li><tt>n</tt> milliseconds</li>
				5553	<li><tt>a</tt> am/pm</li>
				5554	<li><tt>z</tt> timezone</li>
				5555	<li><tt>Y</tt> year</li>
				5556	<li><tt>M</tt> month</li>
				5557	<li><tt>D</tt> day</li>
				5558	<li><tt>W</tt> weekday</li>
				5559	<li><tt>_</tt>, <tt>'</tt>, <tt>/</tt>, <tt>.</tt>, <tt>,</tt>, <tt>T</tt> seperators for both time and date</li>
				5560	</ul>
				5561	</li>
				5562	<li>Return Value:
				5563	<ul>
				5564
				5565	<li>a <tt>string</tt> value corresponding to <tt>date</tt>,</li>
				5566	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5567	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5568	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				5569	<ul>
				5570
				5571	<li>the first argument is any other non-date value,</li>
				5572	<li>the second argument is any other non-string value.</li>
				5573	</ul>
				5574	</li>
				5575	</ul>
				5576	</li>
				5577	<li>
				5578
				5579	<p>Example:</p>
				5580
				5581	<div>
				5582	<div>
				5583	<pre class="source">print_time(time("00:30:30.000Z"),"m:s");
				5584	</pre></div></div>
				5585	</li>
				5586	<li>
				5587
				5588	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				5589
				5590	<div>
				5591	<div>
				5592	<pre class="source">"30:30"
				5593	</pre></div></div>
				5594	</li>
				5595	</ul></div>
				5596	<div class="section">
				5597	<h3><a name="get_interval_start.2C_get_interval_end"></a>get_interval_start, get_interval_end</h3>
				5598	<ul>
				5599
				5600	<li>
				5601
				5602	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5603
				5604	<div>
				5605	<div>
				5606	<pre class="source">get_interval_start/get_interval_end(interval)
				5607	</pre></div></div>
				5608	</li>
				5609	<li>
				5610
				5611	<p>Gets the start/end of the given interval.</p>
				5612	</li>
				5613	<li>Arguments:
				5614	<ul>
				5615
				5616	<li><tt>interval</tt>: the interval to be accessed.</li>
				5617	</ul>
				5618	</li>
				5619	<li>Return Value:
				5620	<ul>
				5621
				5622	<li>a <tt>time</tt>, <tt>date</tt>, or <tt>datetime</tt> (depending on the time instances of the interval) representing the starting or ending time,</li>
				5623	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5624	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				5625	<li>any other non-interval value will cause a type error.</li>
				5626	</ul>
				5627	</li>
				5628	<li>
				5629
				5630	<p>Example:</p>
				5631
				5632	<div>
				5633	<div>
				5634	<pre class="source">{
				5635	"start": get_interval_start(interval_start_from_date("1984-01-01", "P1Y")),
				5636	"end": get_interval_end(interval_start_from_date("1984-01-01", "P1Y"))
				5637	};
				5638	</pre></div></div>
				5639	</li>
				5640	<li>
				5641
				5642	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				5643
				5644	<div>
				5645	<div>
				5646	<pre class="source">{ "start": date("1984_01_01"), "end": date("1985_01_01") }
				5647	</pre></div></div>
				5648	</li>
				5649	</ul></div>
				5650	<div class="section">
				5651	<h3><a name="get_interval_start_date.2Fget_interval_start_datetimeget_interval_start_time.2C_get_interval_end_date.2Fget_interval_end_datetime.2Fget_interval_end_time"></a>get_interval_start_date/get_interval_start_datetimeget_interval_start_time, get_interval_end_date/get_interval_end_datetime/get_interval_end_time</h3>
				5652	<ul>
				5653
				5654	<li>
				5655
				5656	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5657
				5658	<div>
				5659	<div>
				5660	<pre class="source">get_interval_start_date/get_interval_start_datetime/get_interval_start_time/get_interval_end_date/get_interval_end_datetime/get_interval_end_time(interval)
				5661	</pre></div></div>
				5662	</li>
				5663	<li>
				5664
				5665	<p>Gets the start/end of the given interval for the specific date/datetime/time type.</p>
				5666	</li>
				5667	<li>Arguments:
				5668	<ul>
				5669
				5670	<li><tt>interval</tt>: the interval to be accessed.</li>
				5671	</ul>
				5672	</li>
				5673	<li>Return Value:
				5674	<ul>
				5675
				5676	<li>a <tt>time</tt>, <tt>date</tt>, or <tt>datetime</tt> (depending on the function) representing the starting or ending time,</li>
				5677	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5678	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				5679	<li>any other non-interval value will cause a type error.</li>
				5680	</ul>
				5681	</li>
				5682	<li>
				5683
				5684	<p>Example:</p>
				5685
				5686	<div>
				5687	<div>
				5688	<pre class="source">{
				5689	"start1": get_interval_start_date(interval_start_from_date("1984-01-01", "P1Y")),
				5690	"end1": get_interval_end_date(interval_start_from_date("1984-01-01", "P1Y")),
				5691	"start2": get_interval_start_datetime(interval_start_from_datetime("1984-01-01T08:30:00.000", "P1Y1H")),
				5692	"end2": get_interval_end_datetime(interval_start_from_datetime("1984-01-01T08:30:00.000", "P1Y1H")),
				5693	"start3": get_interval_start_time(interval_start_from_time("08:30:00.000", "P1H")),
				5694	"end3": get_interval_end_time(interval_start_from_time("08:30:00.000", "P1H"))
				5695	};
				5696	</pre></div></div>
				5697	</li>
				5698	<li>
				5699
				5700	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				5701
				5702	<div>
				5703	<div>
				5704	<pre class="source">{
				5705	"start1": date("1984-01-01"),
				5706	"end1": date("1985-01-01"),
				5707	"start2": datetime("1984-01-01T08:30:00.000Z"),
				5708	"end2": datetime("1985-01-01T09:30:00.000Z"),
				5709	"start3": time("08:30:00.000Z"),
				5710	"end3": time("09:30:00.000Z")
				5711	}
				5712	</pre></div></div>
				5713	</li>
				5714	</ul></div>
				5715	<div class="section">
				5716	<h3><a name="get_overlapping_interval"></a>get_overlapping_interval</h3>
				5717	<ul>
				5718
				5719	<li>
				5720
				5721	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5722
				5723	<div>
				5724	<div>
				5725	<pre class="source">get_overlapping_interval(interval1, interval2)
				5726	</pre></div></div>
				5727	</li>
				5728	<li>
				5729
				5730	<p>Gets the start/end of the given interval for the specific date/datetime/time type.</p>
				5731	</li>
				5732	<li>Arguments:
				5733	<ul>
				5734
				5735	<li><tt>interval1</tt>: an <tt>interval</tt> value</li>
				5736	<li><tt>interval2</tt>: an <tt>interval</tt> value</li>
				5737	</ul>
				5738	</li>
				5739	<li>Return Value:
				5740	<ul>
				5741
				5742	<li>an <tt>interval</tt> that is overlapping <tt>interval1</tt> and <tt>interval2</tt>. If <tt>interval1</tt> and <tt>interval2</tt> do not overlap <tt>null</tt> is returned. Note each interval must be of the same type.</li>
				5743	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5744	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5745	<li>any other non-interval input value will cause a type error.</li>
				5746	</ul>
				5747	</li>
				5748	<li>
				5749
				5750	<p>Example:</p>
				5751
				5752	<div>
				5753	<div>
				5754	<pre class="source">{ "overlap1": get_overlapping_interval(interval(time("11:23:39"), time("18:27:19")), interval(time("12:23:39"), time("23:18:00"))),
				5755	"overlap2": get_overlapping_interval(interval(time("12:23:39"), time("18:27:19")), interval(time("07:19:39"), time("09:18:00"))),
				5756	"overlap3": get_overlapping_interval(interval(date("1980-11-30"), date("1999-09-09")), interval(date("2013-01-01"), date("2014-01-01"))),
				5757	"overlap4": get_overlapping_interval(interval(date("1980-11-30"), date("2099-09-09")), interval(date("2013-01-01"), date("2014-01-01"))),
				5758	"overlap5": get_overlapping_interval(interval(datetime("1844-03-03T11:19:39"), datetime("2000-10-30T18:27:19")), interval(datetime("1989-03-04T12:23:39"), datetime("2009-10-10T23:18:00"))),
				5759	"overlap6": get_overlapping_interval(interval(datetime("1989-03-04T12:23:39"), datetime("2000-10-30T18:27:19")), interval(datetime("1844-03-03T11:19:39"), datetime("1888-10-10T23:18:00")))
				5760	};
				5761	</pre></div></div>
				5762	</li>
				5763	<li>
				5764
				5765	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				5766
				5767	<div>
				5768	<div>
				5769	<pre class="source">{ "overlap1": interval(time("12:23:39.000Z"), time("18:27:19.000Z")),
				5770	"overlap2": null,
				5771	"overlap3": null,
				5772	"overlap4": interval(date("2013-01-01"), date("2014_01_01")),
				5773	"overlap5": interval(datetime("1989-03-04T12:23:39.000Z"), datetime("2000-10-30T18:27:19.000Z")),
				5774	"overlap6": null
				5775	}
				5776	</pre></div></div>
				5777	</li>
				5778	</ul></div>
				5779	<div class="section">
				5780	<h3><a name="interval_bin"></a>interval_bin</h3>
				5781	<ul>
				5782
				5783	<li>
				5784
				5785	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5786
				5787	<div>
				5788	<div>
				5789	<pre class="source">interval_bin(time_to_bin, time_bin_anchor, duration_bin_size)
				5790	</pre></div></div>
				5791	</li>
				5792	<li>
				5793
				5794	<p>Returns the <tt>interval</tt> value representing the bin containing the <tt>time_to_bin</tt> value.</p>
				5795	</li>
				5796	<li>Arguments:
				5797	<ul>
				5798
				5799	<li><tt>time_to_bin</tt>: a date/time/datetime value representing the time to be binned.</li>
				5800	<li><tt>time_bin_anchor</tt>: a date/time/datetime value representing an anchor of a bin starts. The type of this argument should be the same as the first <tt>time_to_bin</tt> argument.</li>
				5801	<li><tt>duration_bin_size</tt>: the duration value representing the size of the bin, in the type of year_month_duration or day_time_duration. The type of this duration should be compatible with the type of <tt>time_to_bin</tt>, so that the arithmetic operation between <tt>time_to_bin</tt> and <tt>duration_bin_size</tt> is well_defined. Currently AsterixDB supports the following arithmetic operations:
				5802	<ul>
				5803
				5804	<li>datetime +\|_ year_month_duration</li>
				5805	<li>datetime +\|_ day_time_duration</li>
				5806	<li>date +\|_ year_month_duration</li>
				5807	<li>date +\|_ day_time_duration</li>
				5808	<li>time +\|_ day_time_duration</li>
				5809	</ul>
				5810	</li>
				5811	</ul>
				5812	</li>
				5813	<li>Return Value:
				5814	<ul>
				5815
				5816	<li>a <tt>interval</tt> value representing the bin containing the <tt>time_to_bin</tt> value. Note that the internal type of this interval value should be the same as the <tt>time_to_bin</tt> type,</li>
				5817	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5818	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5819	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				5820	<ul>
				5821
				5822	<li>the first argument or the second argument is any other non-date/non-time/non-datetime value,</li>
				5823	<li>or, the second argument is any other non-year_month_duration/non-day_time_duration value.</li>
				5824	</ul>
				5825	</li>
				5826	</ul>
				5827	</li>
				5828	<li>
				5829
				5830	<p>Example:</p>
				5831
				5832	<div>
				5833	<div>
				5834	<pre class="source">{
				5835	"bin1": interval_bin(date("2010-10-30"), date("1990-01-01"), year_month_duration("P1Y")),
				5836	"bin2": interval_bin(datetime("1987-11-19T23:49:23.938"), datetime("1990-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"), year_month_duration("P6M")),
				5837	"bin3": interval_bin(time("12:23:34.930+07:00"), time("00:00:00"), day_time_duration("PT1M")),
				5838	"bin4": interval_bin(datetime("1987-11-19T23:49:23.938"), datetime("2013-01-01T00:00:00.000"), day_time_duration("PT24H"))
				5839	};
				5840	</pre></div></div>
				5841	</li>
				5842	<li>
				5843
				5844	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				5845
				5846	<div>
				5847	<div>
				5848	<pre class="source">{
				5849	"bin1": interval(date("2010-01-01"),date("2011-01-01")),
				5850	"bin2": interval(datetime("1987-07-01T00:00:00.000Z"), datetime("1988-01-01T00:00:00.000Z")),
				5851	"bin3": interval(time("05:23:00.000Z"), time("05:24:00.000Z")),
				5852	"bin4": interval(datetime("1987-11-19T00:00:00.000Z"), datetime("1987-11-20T00:00:00.000Z"))
				5853	}
				5854	</pre></div></div>
				5855	</li>
				5856	</ul></div>
				5857	<div class="section">
				5858	<h3><a name="interval_start_from_date.2Ftime.2Fdatetime"></a>interval_start_from_date/time/datetime</h3>
				5859	<ul>
				5860
				5861	<li>
				5862
				5863	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5864
				5865	<div>
				5866	<div>
				5867	<pre class="source">interval_start_from_date/time/datetime(date/time/datetime, duration)
				5868	</pre></div></div>
				5869	</li>
				5870	<li>
				5871
				5872	<p>Construct an <tt>interval</tt> value by the given starting <tt>date</tt>/<tt>time</tt>/<tt>datetime</tt> and the <tt>duration</tt> that the interval lasts.</p>
				5873	</li>
				5874	<li>Arguments:
				5875	<ul>
				5876
				5877	<li><tt>date/time/datetime</tt>: a <tt>string</tt> representing a <tt>date</tt>, <tt>time</tt> or <tt>datetime</tt>, or a <tt>date</tt>/<tt>time</tt>/<tt>datetime</tt> value, representing the starting time point.</li>
				5878	<li><tt>duration</tt>: a <tt>string</tt> or <tt>duration</tt> value representing the duration of the interval. Note that duration cannot be negative value.</li>
				5879	</ul>
				5880	</li>
				5881	<li>Return Value:
				5882	<ul>
				5883
				5884	<li>an <tt>interval</tt> value representing the interval starting from the given time point with the length of duration,</li>
				5885	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5886	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5887	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				5888	<ul>
				5889
				5890	<li>the first argument or the second argument is any other non-date/non-time/non-datetime value,</li>
				5891	<li>or, the second argument is any other non-duration value.</li>
				5892	</ul>
				5893	</li>
				5894	</ul>
				5895	</li>
				5896	<li>
				5897
				5898	<p>Example:</p>
				5899
				5900	<div>
				5901	<div>
				5902	<pre class="source">{
				5903	"interval1": interval_start_from_date("1984-01-01", "P1Y"),
				5904	"interval2": interval_start_from_time(time("02:23:28.394"), "PT3H24M"),
				5905	"interval3": interval_start_from_datetime("1999-09-09T09:09:09.999", duration("P2M30D"))
				5906	};
				5907	</pre></div></div>
				5908	</li>
				5909	<li>
				5910
				5911	<p>The expectecd result is:</p>
				5912
				5913	<div>
				5914	<div>
				5915	<pre class="source">{
				5916	"interval1": interval(date("1984-01-01"), date("1985-01-01")),
				5917	"interval2": interval(time("02:23:28.394Z"), time("05:47:28.394Z")),
				5918	"interval3": interval(datetime("1999-09-09T09:09:09.999Z"), datetime("1999-12-09T09:09:09.999Z"))
				5919	}
				5920	</pre></div></div>
				5921	</li>
				5922	</ul></div>
				5923	<div class="section">
				5924	<h3><a name="overlap_bins"></a>overlap_bins</h3>
				5925	<ul>
				5926
				5927	<li>
				5928
				5929	<p>Return Value:</p>
				5930	<ul>
				5931
				5932	<li>a <tt>interval</tt> value representing the bin containing the <tt>time_to_bin</tt> value. Note that the internal type of this interval value should be the same as the <tt>time_to_bin</tt> type.</li>
				5933	</ul>
				5934	</li>
				5935	<li>
				5936
				5937	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5938
				5939	<div>
				5940	<div>
				5941	<pre class="source">overlap_bins(interval, time_bin_anchor, duration_bin_size)
				5942	</pre></div></div>
				5943	</li>
				5944	<li>
				5945
				5946	<p>Returns an ordered list of <tt>interval</tt> values representing each bin that is overlapping the <tt>interval</tt>.</p>
				5947	</li>
				5948	<li>Arguments:
				5949	<ul>
				5950
				5951	<li><tt>interval</tt>: an <tt>interval</tt> value</li>
				5952	<li><tt>time_bin_anchor</tt>: a date/time/datetime value representing an anchor of a bin starts. The type of this argument should be the same as the first <tt>time_to_bin</tt> argument.</li>
				5953	<li><tt>duration_bin_size</tt>: the duration value representing the size of the bin, in the type of year_month_duration or day_time_duration. The type of this duration should be compatible with the type of <tt>time_to_bin</tt>, so that the arithmetic operation between <tt>time_to_bin</tt> and <tt>duration_bin_size</tt> is well_defined. Currently AsterixDB supports the following arithmetic operations:
				5954	<ul>
				5955
				5956	<li>datetime +\|_ year_month_duration</li>
				5957	<li>datetime +\|_ day_time_duration</li>
				5958	<li>date +\|_ year_month_duration</li>
				5959	<li>date +\|_ day_time_duration</li>
				5960	<li>time +\|_ day_time_duration</li>
				5961	</ul>
				5962	</li>
				5963	</ul>
				5964	</li>
				5965	<li>Return Value:
				5966	<ul>
				5967
				5968	<li>a ordered list of <tt>interval</tt> values representing each bin that is overlapping the <tt>interval</tt>. Note that the internal type as <tt>time_to_bin</tt> and <tt>duration_bin_size</tt>.</li>
				5969	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5970	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5971	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				5972	<ul>
				5973
				5974	<li>the first arugment is any other non-interval value,</li>
				5975	<li>or, the second argument is any other non-date/non-time/non-datetime value,</li>
				5976	<li>or, the second argument is any other non-year_month_duration/non-day_time_duration value.</li>
				5977	</ul>
				5978	</li>
				5979	</ul>
				5980	</li>
				5981	<li>
				5982
				5983	<p>Example:</p>
				5984
				5985	<div>
				5986	<div>
				5987	<pre class="source">{
				5988	"timebins": overlap_bins(interval(time("17:23:37"), time("18:30:21")), time("00:00:00"), day_time_duration("PT30M")),
				5989	"datebins": overlap_bins(interval(date("1984-03-17"), date("2013-08-22")), date("1990-01-01"), year_month_duration("P10Y")),
				5990	"datetimebins": overlap_bins(interval(datetime("1800-01-01T23:59:48.938"), datetime("2015-07-26T13:28:30.218")),
				5991	datetime("1900-01-01T00:00:00.000"), year_month_duration("P100Y"))
				5992	};
				5993	</pre></div></div>
				5994	</li>
				5995	<li>
				5996
				5997	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				5998
				5999	<div>
				6000	<div>
				6001	<pre class="source">{
				6002	"timebins": [
				6003	interval(time("17:00:00.000Z"), time("17:30:00.000Z")),
				6004	interval(time("17:30:00.000Z"), time("18:00:00.000Z")),
				6005	interval(time("18:00:00.000Z"), time("18:30:00.000Z")),
				6006	interval(time("18:30:00.000Z"), time("19:00:00.000Z"))
				6007	],
				6008	"datebins": [
				6009	interval(date("1980-01-01"), date("1990-01-01")),
				6010	interval(date("1990-01-01"), date("2000-01-01")),
				6011	interval(date("2000-01-01"), date("2010-01-01")),
				6012	interval(date("2010-01-01"), date("2020-01-01"))
				6013	],
				6014	"datetimebins": [
				6015	interval(datetime("1800-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"), datetime("1900-01-01T00:00:00.000Z")),
				6016	interval(datetime("1900-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"), datetime("2000-01-01T00:00:00.000Z")),
				6017	interval(datetime("2000-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"), datetime("2100-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"))
				6018	]
				6019	};
				6020	</pre></div></div>
				6021	</li>
				6022	</ul><!--
				6023	! Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
				6024	! or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
				6025	! distributed with this work for additional information
				6026	! regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
				6027	! to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
				6028	! "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
				6029	! with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
				6030	!
				6031	! http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
				6032	!
				6033	! Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
				6034	! software distributed under the License is distributed on an
				6035	! "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
				6036	! KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
				6037	! specific language governing permissions and limitations
				6038	! under the License.
				6039	!-->
				6040	</div>
				6041	<div class="section">
				6042	<h3><a name="interval_before.2C_interval_after"></a>interval_before, interval_after</h3>
				6043	<ul>
				6044
				6045	<li>
				6046
				6047	<p>Syntax:</p>
				6048
				6049	<div>
				6050	<div>
				6051	<pre class="source">interval_before(interval1, interval2)
				6052	interval_after(interval1, interval2)
				6053	</pre></div></div>
				6054	</li>
				6055	<li>
				6056
				6057	<p>These two functions check whether an interval happens before/after another interval.</p>
				6058	</li>
				6059	<li>Arguments:
				6060	<ul>
				6061
				6062	<li><tt>interval1</tt>, <tt>interval2</tt>: two intervals to be compared</li>
				6063	</ul>
				6064	</li>
				6065	<li>Return Value:
				6066	<ul>
				6067
				6068	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> value. Specifically, <tt>interval_before(interval1, interval2)</tt> is true if and only if <tt>interval1.end < interval2.start</tt>, and <tt>interval_after(interval1, interval2)</tt> is true if and only if <tt>interval1.start > interval2.end</tt>.</li>
				6069	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6070	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6071	<li>any other non-interval input value will cause a type error.</li>
				6072	</ul>
				6073	</li>
				6074	<li>
				6075
				6076	<p>Examples:</p>
				6077
				6078	<div>
				6079	<div>
				6080	<pre class="source">{
				6081	"interval_before": interval_before(interval(date("2000-01-01"), date("2005-01-01")),
				6082	interval(date("2005-05-01"), date("2012-09-09"))),
				6083	"interval_after": interval_after(interval(date("2005-05-01"), date("2012-09-09")),
				6084	interval(date("2000-01-01"), date("2005-01-01")))
				6085	};
				6086	</pre></div></div>
				6087	</li>
				6088	<li>
				6089
				6090	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				6091
				6092	<div>
				6093	<div>
				6094	<pre class="source">{ "interval_before": true, "interval_after": true }
				6095	</pre></div></div>
				6096	</li>
				6097	</ul></div>
				6098	<div class="section">
				6099	<h3><a name="interval_covers.2C_interval_covered_by"></a>interval_covers, interval_covered_by</h3>
				6100	<ul>
				6101
				6102	<li>
				6103
				6104	<p>Syntax:</p>
				6105
				6106	<div>
				6107	<div>
				6108	<pre class="source">interval_covers(interval1, interval2)
				6109	interval_covered_by(interval1, interval2)
				6110	</pre></div></div>
				6111	</li>
				6112	<li>
				6113
				6114	<p>These two functions check whether one interval covers the other interval.</p>
				6115	</li>
				6116	<li>Arguments:
				6117	<ul>
				6118
				6119	<li><tt>interval1</tt>, <tt>interval2</tt>: two intervals to be compared</li>
				6120	</ul>
				6121	</li>
				6122	<li>Return Value:
				6123	<ul>
				6124
				6125	<li>
				6126
				6127	<p>a <tt>boolean</tt> value. Specifically, <tt>interval_covers(interval1, interval2)</tt> is true if and only if</p>
				6128	<p>interval1.start <= interval2.start AND interval1.end >= interval2.end</p>
				6129	<p><tt>interval_covered_by(interval1, interval2)</tt> is true if and only if</p>
				6130	<p>interval2.start <= interval1.start AND interval2.end >= interval1.end</p>
				6131	</li>
				6132	<li>
				6133
				6134	<p><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</p>
				6135	</li>
				6136	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6137	<li>any other non-interval input value will cause a type error.</li>
				6138	</ul>
				6139	</li>
				6140	<li>
				6141
				6142	<p>Examples:</p>
				6143
				6144	<div>
				6145	<div>
				6146	<pre class="source">{
				6147	"interval_covers": interval_covers(interval(date("2000-01-01"), date("2005-01-01")),
				6148	interval(date("2000-03-01"), date("2004-09-09"))),
				6149	"interval_covered_by": interval_covered_by(interval(date("2006-08-01"), date("2007-03-01")),
				6150	interval(date("2004-09-10"), date("2012-08-01")))
				6151	};
				6152	</pre></div></div>
				6153	</li>
				6154	<li>
				6155
				6156	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				6157
				6158	<div>
				6159	<div>
				6160	<pre class="source">{ "interval_covers": true, "interval_covered_by": true }
				6161	</pre></div></div>
				6162	</li>
				6163	</ul></div>
				6164	<div class="section">
				6165	<h3><a name="interval_overlaps.2C_interval_overlapped_by"></a>interval_overlaps, interval_overlapped_by</h3>
				6166	<ul>
				6167
				6168	<li>
				6169
				6170	<p>Syntax:</p>
				6171
				6172	<div>
				6173	<div>
				6174	<pre class="source">interval_overlaps(interval1, interval2)
				6175	interval_overlapped_by(interval1, interval2)
				6176	</pre></div></div>
				6177	</li>
				6178	<li>
				6179
				6180	<p>These functions check whether two intervals overlap with each other.</p>
				6181	</li>
				6182	<li>Arguments:
				6183	<ul>
				6184
				6185	<li><tt>interval1</tt>, <tt>interval2</tt>: two intervals to be compared</li>
				6186	</ul>
				6187	</li>
				6188	<li>Return Value:
				6189	<ul>
				6190
				6191	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> value. Specifically, <tt>interval_overlaps(interval1, interval2)</tt> is true if and only if
				6192	<p>interval1.start < interval2.start AND interval2.end > interval1.end AND interval1.end > interval2.start</p></li>
				6193	</ul>
				6194	<p><tt>interval_overlapped_by(interval1, interval2)</tt> is true if and only if</p>
				6195
				6196	<div>
				6197	<div>
				6198	<pre class="source">interval2.start < interval1.start
				6199	AND interval1.end > interval2.end
				6200	AND interval2.end > interval1.start
				6201	</pre></div></div>
				6202
				6203	<ul>
				6204
				6205	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6206	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6207	<li>any other non-interval input value will cause a type error.</li>
				6208	</ul>
				6209	<p>Note that <tt>interval_overlaps</tt> and <tt>interval_overlapped_by</tt> are following the Allen’s relations on the definition of overlap.</p>
				6210	</li>
				6211	<li>
				6212
				6213	<p>Examples:</p>
				6214
				6215	<div>
				6216	<div>
				6217	<pre class="source">{
				6218	"overlaps": interval_overlaps(interval(date("2000-01-01"), date("2005-01-01")),
				6219	interval(date("2004-05-01"), date("2012-09-09"))),
				6220	"overlapped_by": interval_overlapped_by(interval(date("2006-08-01"), date("2007-03-01")),
				6221	interval(date("2004-05-01"), date("2012-09-09"))))
				6222	};
				6223	</pre></div></div>
				6224	</li>
				6225	<li>
				6226
				6227	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				6228
				6229	<div>
				6230	<div>
				6231	<pre class="source">{ "overlaps": true, "overlapped_by": true }
				6232	</pre></div></div>
				6233	</li>
				6234	</ul></div>
				6235	<div class="section">
				6236	<h3><a name="interval_overlapping"></a>interval_overlapping</h3>
				6237	<p>Note that <tt>interval_overlapping</tt> is not an Allen’s Relation, but syntactic sugar we added for the case that the intersect of two intervals is not empty. Basically this function returns true if any of these functions return true: <tt>interval_overlaps</tt>, <tt>interval_overlapped_by</tt>, <tt>interval_covers</tt>, or <tt>interval_covered_by</tt>.</p>
				6238	<ul>
				6239
				6240	<li>
				6241
				6242	<p>Syntax:</p>
				6243
				6244	<div>
				6245	<div>
				6246	<pre class="source">interval_overlapping(interval1, interval2)
				6247	</pre></div></div>
				6248	</li>
				6249	<li>
				6250
				6251	<p>This functions check whether two intervals share any points with each other.</p>
				6252	</li>
				6253	<li>Arguments:
				6254	<ul>
				6255
				6256	<li><tt>interval1</tt>, <tt>interval2</tt>: two intervals to be compared</li>
				6257	</ul>
				6258	</li>
				6259	<li>Return Value:
				6260	<ul>
				6261
				6262	<li>
				6263
				6264	<p>a <tt>boolean</tt> value. Specifically, <tt>interval_overlapping(interval1, interval2)</tt> is true if</p>
				6265	<p>interval1.start < interval2.end AND interval1.end > interval2.start</p>
				6266	</li>
				6267	<li>
				6268
				6269	<p><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</p>
				6270	</li>
				6271	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6272	<li>any other non-interval input value will cause a type error.</li>
				6273	</ul>
				6274	</li>
				6275	<li>
				6276
				6277	<p>Examples:</p>
				6278
				6279	<div>
				6280	<div>
				6281	<pre class="source">{
				6282	"overlapping1": interval_overlapping(interval(date("2000-01-01"), date("2005-01-01")),
				6283	interval(date("2004-05-01"), date("2012-09-09"))),
				6284	"overlapping2": interval_overlapping(interval(date("2006-08-01"), date("2007-03-01")),
				6285	interval(date("2004-09-10"), date("2006-12-31")))
				6286	};
				6287	</pre></div></div>
				6288	</li>
				6289	<li>
				6290
				6291	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				6292
				6293	<div>
				6294	<div>
				6295	<pre class="source">{ "overlapping1": true, "overlapping2": true }
				6296	</pre></div></div>
				6297	</li>
				6298	</ul></div>
				6299	<div class="section">
				6300	<h3><a name="interval_meets.2C_interval_met_by"></a>interval_meets, interval_met_by</h3>
				6301	<ul>
				6302
				6303	<li>
				6304
				6305	<p>Syntax:</p>
				6306
				6307	<div>
				6308	<div>
				6309	<pre class="source">interval_meets(interval1, interval2)
				6310	interval_met_by(interval1, interval2)
				6311	</pre></div></div>
				6312	</li>
				6313	<li>
				6314
				6315	<p>These two functions check whether an interval meets with another interval.</p>
				6316	</li>
				6317	<li>Arguments:
				6318	<ul>
				6319
				6320	<li><tt>interval1</tt>, <tt>interval2</tt>: two intervals to be compared</li>
				6321	</ul>
				6322	</li>
				6323	<li>Return Value:
				6324	<ul>
				6325
				6326	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> value. Specifically, <tt>interval_meets(interval1, interval2)</tt> is true if and only if <tt>interval1.end = interval2.start</tt>, and <tt>interval_met_by(interval1, interval2)</tt> is true if and only if <tt>interval1.start = interval2.end</tt>. If any of the two inputs is <tt>null</tt>, <tt>null</tt> is returned.</li>
				6327	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6328	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6329	<li>any other non-interval input value will cause a type error.</li>
				6330	</ul>
				6331	</li>
				6332	<li>
				6333
				6334	<p>Examples:</p>
				6335
				6336	<div>
				6337	<div>
				6338	<pre class="source">{
				6339	"meets": interval_meets(interval(date("2000-01-01"), date("2005-01-01")),
				6340	interval(date("2005-01-01"), date("2012-09-09"))),
				6341	"metby": interval_met_by(interval(date("2006-08-01"), date("2007-03-01")),
				6342	interval(date("2004-09-10"), date("2006-08-01")))
				6343	};
				6344	</pre></div></div>
				6345	</li>
				6346	<li>
				6347
				6348	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				6349
				6350	<div>
				6351	<div>
				6352	<pre class="source">{ "meets": true, "metby": true }
				6353	</pre></div></div>
				6354	</li>
				6355	</ul></div>
				6356	<div class="section">
				6357	<h3><a name="interval_starts.2C_interval_started_by"></a>interval_starts, interval_started_by</h3>
				6358	<ul>
				6359
				6360	<li>
				6361
				6362	<p>Syntax:</p>
				6363
				6364	<div>
				6365	<div>
				6366	<pre class="source">interval_starts(interval1, interval2)
				6367	interval_started_by(interval1, interval2)
				6368	</pre></div></div>
				6369	</li>
				6370	<li>
				6371
				6372	<p>These two functions check whether one interval starts with the other interval.</p>
				6373	</li>
				6374	<li>Arguments:
				6375	<ul>
				6376
				6377	<li><tt>interval1</tt>, <tt>interval2</tt>: two intervals to be compared</li>
				6378	</ul>
				6379	</li>
				6380	<li>Return Value:
				6381	<ul>
				6382
				6383	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> value. Specifically, <tt>interval_starts(interval1, interval2)</tt> returns true if and only if
				6384	<p>interval1.start = interval2.start AND interval1.end <= interval2.end</p></li>
				6385	</ul>
				6386	<p><tt>interval_started_by(interval1, interval2)</tt> returns true if and only if</p>
				6387
				6388	<div>
				6389	<div>
				6390	<pre class="source">interval1.start = interval2.start
				6391	AND interval2.end <= interval1.end
				6392	</pre></div></div>
				6393
				6394	<ul>
				6395
				6396	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6397	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6398	<li>any other non-interval input value will cause a type error.</li>
				6399	</ul>
				6400	</li>
				6401	<li>
				6402
				6403	<p>Examples:</p>
				6404
				6405	<div>
				6406	<div>
				6407	<pre class="source">{
				6408	"interval_starts": interval_starts(interval(date("2000-01-01"), date("2005-01-01")),
				6409	interval(date("2000-01-01"), date("2012-09-09"))),
				6410	"interval_started_by": interval_started_by(interval(date("2006-08-01"), date("2007-03-01")),
				6411	interval(date("2006-08-01"), date("2006-08-02")))
				6412	};
				6413	</pre></div></div>
				6414	</li>
				6415	<li>
				6416
				6417	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				6418
				6419	<div>
				6420	<div>
				6421	<pre class="source">{ "interval_starts": true, "interval_started_by": true }
				6422	</pre></div></div>
				6423	</li>
				6424	</ul></div>
				6425	<div class="section">
				6426	<h3><a name="interval_ends.2C_interval_ended_by"></a>interval_ends, interval_ended_by</h3>
				6427	<ul>
				6428
				6429	<li>
				6430
				6431	<p>Syntax:</p>
				6432
				6433	<div>
				6434	<div>
				6435	<pre class="source">interval_ends(interval1, interval2)
				6436	interval_ended_by(interval1, interval2)
				6437	</pre></div></div>
				6438	</li>
				6439	<li>
				6440
				6441	<p>These two functions check whether one interval ends with the other interval.</p>
				6442	</li>
				6443	<li>Arguments:
				6444	<ul>
				6445
				6446	<li><tt>interval1</tt>, <tt>interval2</tt>: two intervals to be compared</li>
				6447	</ul>
				6448	</li>
				6449	<li>Return Value:
				6450	<ul>
				6451
				6452	<li>
				6453
				6454	<p>a <tt>boolean</tt> value. Specifically, <tt>interval_ends(interval1, interval2)</tt> returns true if and only if</p>
				6455	<p>interval1.end = interval2.end AND interval1.start >= interval2.start</p>
				6456	<p><tt>interval_ended_by(interval1, interval2)</tt> returns true if and only if</p>
				6457	<p>interval2.end = interval1.end AND interval2.start >= interval1.start</p>
				6458	</li>
				6459	<li>
				6460
				6461	<p><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</p>
				6462	</li>
				6463	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6464	<li>any other non-interval input value will cause a type error.</li>
				6465	</ul>
				6466	</li>
				6467	<li>
				6468
				6469	<p>Examples:</p>
				6470
				6471	<div>
				6472	<div>
				6473	<pre class="source">{
				6474	"interval_ends": interval_ends(interval(date("2000-01-01"), date("2005-01-01")),
				6475	interval(date("1998-01-01"), date("2005-01-01"))),
				6476	"interval_ended_by": interval_ended_by(interval(date("2006-08-01"), date("2007-03-01")),
				6477	interval(date("2006-09-10"), date("2007-03-01")))
				6478	};
				6479	</pre></div></div>
				6480	</li>
				6481	<li>
				6482
				6483	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				6484
				6485	<div>
				6486	<div>
				6487	<pre class="source">{ "interval_ends": true, "interval_ended_by": true }
				6488	</pre></div></div>
				6489	</li>
				6490	</ul><!--
				6491	! Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
				6492	! or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
				6493	! distributed with this work for additional information
				6494	! regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
				6495	! to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
				6496	! "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
				6497	! with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
				6498	!
				6499	! http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
				6500	!
				6501	! Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
				6502	! software distributed under the License is distributed on an
				6503	! "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
				6504	! KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
				6505	! specific language governing permissions and limitations
				6506	! under the License.
				6507	!-->
				6508	</div></div>
				6509	<div class="section">
				6510	<h2><a name="Object_Functions"></a><a name="ObjectFunctions" id="ObjectFunctions">Object Functions</a></h2>
				6511	<div class="section">
				6512	<h3><a name="get_object_fields"></a>get_object_fields</h3>
				6513	<ul>
				6514
				6515	<li>
				6516
				6517	<p>Syntax:</p>
				6518
				6519	<div>
				6520	<div>
				6521	<pre class="source">get_object_fields(input_object)
				6522	</pre></div></div>
				6523	</li>
				6524	<li>
				6525
				6526	<p>Access the object field names, type and open status for a given object.</p>
				6527	</li>
				6528	<li>Arguments:
				6529	<ul>
				6530
				6531	<li><tt>input_object</tt> : a object value.</li>
				6532	</ul>
				6533	</li>
				6534	<li>Return Value:
				6535	<ul>
				6536
				6537	<li>an array of <tt>object</tt> values that include the field_name <tt>string</tt>, field_type <tt>string</tt>, is_open <tt>boolean</tt> (used for debug purposes only: <tt>true</tt> if field is open and <tt>false</tt> otherwise), and optional nested <tt>orderedList</tt> for the values of a nested object,</li>
				6538	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6539	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				6540	<li>any other non-object input value will cause a type error.</li>
				6541	</ul>
				6542	</li>
				6543	<li>
				6544
				6545	<p>Example:</p>
				6546
				6547	<div>
				6548	<div>
				6549	<pre class="source">get_object_fields(
				6550	{
				6551	"id": 1,
				6552	"project": "AsterixDB",
				6553	"address": {"city": "Irvine", "state": "CA"},
				6554	"related": ["Hivestrix", "Preglix", "Apache VXQuery"]
				6555	}
				6556	);
				6557	</pre></div></div>
				6558	</li>
				6559	<li>
				6560
				6561	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				6562
				6563	<div>
				6564	<div>
				6565	<pre class="source">[
				6566	{ "field-name": "id", "field-type": "INT64", "is-open": false },
				6567	{ "field-name": "project", "field-type": "STRING", "is-open": false },
				6568	{ "field-name": "address", "field-type": "RECORD", "is-open": false,
				6569	"nested": [
				6570	{ "field-name": "city", "field-type": "STRING", "is-open": false },
				6571	{ "field-name": "state", "field-type": "STRING", "is-open": false }
				6572	]
				6573	},
				6574	{ "field-name":
				6575	"related",
				6576	"field-type": "ORDEREDLIST",
				6577	"is-open": false,
				6578	"list": [
				6579	{ "field-type": "STRING" },
				6580	{ "field-type": "STRING" },
				6581	{ "field-type": "STRING" }
				6582	]
				6583	}
				6584	]
				6585	</pre></div></div>
				6586	</li>
				6587	</ul>
				6588	<p>]</p></div>
				6589	<div class="section">
				6590	<h3><a name="get_object_field_value"></a>get_object_field_value</h3>
				6591	<ul>
				6592
				6593	<li>
				6594
				6595	<p>Syntax:</p>
				6596
				6597	<div>
				6598	<div>
				6599	<pre class="source">get_object_field_value(input_object, string)
				6600	</pre></div></div>
				6601	</li>
				6602	<li>
				6603
				6604	<p>Access the field name given in the <tt>string_expression</tt> from the <tt>object_expression</tt>.</p>
				6605	</li>
				6606	<li>Arguments:
				6607	<ul>
				6608
				6609	<li><tt>input_object</tt> : a <tt>object</tt> value.</li>
				6610	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> representing the top level field name.</li>
				6611	</ul>
				6612	</li>
				6613	<li>Return Value:
				6614	<ul>
				6615
				6616	<li>an <tt>any</tt> value saved in the designated field of the object,</li>
				6617	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6618	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6619	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				6620	<ul>
				6621
				6622	<li>the first argument is any other non-object value,</li>
				6623	<li>or, the second argument is any other non-string value.</li>
				6624	</ul>
				6625	</li>
				6626	</ul>
				6627	</li>
				6628	<li>
				6629
				6630	<p>Example:</p>
				6631
				6632	<div>
				6633	<div>
				6634	<pre class="source">get_object_field_value({
				6635	"id": 1,
				6636	"project": "AsterixDB",
				6637	"address": {"city": "Irvine", "state": "CA"},
				6638	"related": ["Hivestrix", "Preglix", "Apache VXQuery"]
				6639	},
				6640	"project"
				6641	);
				6642	</pre></div></div>
				6643	</li>
				6644	<li>
				6645
				6646	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				6647
				6648	<div>
				6649	<div>
				6650	<pre class="source">"AsterixDB"
				6651	</pre></div></div>
				6652	</li>
				6653	</ul></div>
				6654	<div class="section">
				6655	<h3><a name="object_remove_fields"></a>object_remove_fields</h3>
				6656	<ul>
				6657
				6658	<li>
				6659
				6660	<p>Syntax:</p>
				6661
				6662	<div>
				6663	<div>
				6664	<pre class="source">object_remove_fields(input_object, field_names)
				6665	</pre></div></div>
				6666	</li>
				6667	<li>
				6668
				6669	<p>Remove indicated fields from a object given a list of field names.</p>
				6670	</li>
				6671	<li>Arguments:
				6672	<ul>
				6673
				6674	<li><tt>input_object</tt>: a object value.</li>
				6675	<li><tt>field_names</tt>: an array of strings and/or array of array of strings.</li>
				6676	</ul>
				6677	</li>
				6678	<li>
				6679
				6680	<p>Return Value:</p>
				6681	<ul>
				6682
				6683	<li>a new object value without the fields listed in the second argument,</li>
				6684	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6685	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6686	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				6687	<ul>
				6688
				6689	<li>the first argument is any other non-object value,</li>
				6690	<li>or, the second argument is any other non-array value or recursively contains non-string items.</li>
				6691	</ul>
				6692	</li>
				6693	</ul>
				6694	</li>
				6695	<li>
				6696
				6697	<p>Example:</p>
				6698
				6699	<div>
				6700	<div>
				6701	<pre class="source">object_remove_fields(
				6702	{
				6703	"id":1,
				6704	"project":"AsterixDB",
				6705	"address":{"city":"Irvine", "state":"CA"},
				6706	"related":["Hivestrix", "Preglix", "Apache VXQuery"]
				6707	},
				6708	[["address", "city"], "related"]
				6709	);
				6710	</pre></div></div>
				6711	</li>
				6712	<li>
				6713
				6714	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				6715
				6716	<div>
				6717	<div>
				6718	<pre class="source">{
				6719	"id":1,
				6720	"project":"AsterixDB",
				6721	"address":{ "state": "CA" }
				6722	}
				6723	</pre></div></div>
				6724	</li>
				6725	</ul></div>
				6726	<div class="section">
				6727	<h3><a name="object_add_fields"></a>object_add_fields</h3>
				6728	<ul>
				6729
				6730	<li>
				6731
				6732	<p>Syntax:</p>
				6733
				6734	<div>
				6735	<div>
				6736	<pre class="source">object_add_fields(input_object, fields)
				6737	</pre></div></div>
				6738	</li>
				6739	<li>
				6740
				6741	<p>Add fields to a object given a list of field names.</p>
				6742	</li>
				6743	<li>Arguments:
				6744	<ul>
				6745
				6746	<li><tt>input_object</tt> : a object value.</li>
				6747	<li><tt>fields</tt>: an array of field descriptor objects where each object has field_name and field_value.</li>
				6748	</ul>
				6749	</li>
				6750	<li>Return Value:
				6751	<ul>
				6752
				6753	<li>a new object value with the new fields included,</li>
				6754	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6755	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6756	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				6757	<ul>
				6758
				6759	<li>the first argument is any other non-object value,</li>
				6760	<li>the second argument is any other non-array value, or contains non-object items.</li>
				6761	</ul>
				6762	</li>
				6763	</ul>
				6764	</li>
				6765	<li>
				6766
				6767	<p>Example:</p>
				6768
				6769	<div>
				6770	<div>
				6771	<pre class="source">object_add_fields(
				6772	{
				6773	"id":1,
				6774	"project":"AsterixDB",
				6775	"address":{"city":"Irvine", "state":"CA"},
				6776	"related":["Hivestrix", "Preglix", "Apache VXQuery"]
				6777	},
				6778	[{"field-name":"employment_location", "field-value":create_point(30.0,70.0)}]
				6779	);
				6780	</pre></div></div>
				6781	</li>
				6782	<li>
				6783
				6784	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				6785
				6786	<div>
				6787	<div>
				6788	<pre class="source">{
				6789	"id":1,
				6790	"project":"AsterixDB",
				6791	"address":{"city":"Irvine", "state":"CA"},
				6792	"related":["Hivestrix", "Preglix", "Apache VXQuery"]
				6793	"employment_location": point("30.0,70.0")
				6794	}
				6795	</pre></div></div>
				6796	</li>
				6797	</ul></div>
				6798	<div class="section">
				6799	<h3><a name="object_merge"></a>object_merge</h3>
				6800	<ul>
				6801
				6802	<li>
				6803
				6804	<p>Syntax:</p>
				6805
				6806	<div>
				6807	<div>
				6808	<pre class="source">object_merge(object1, object2)
				6809	</pre></div></div>
				6810	</li>
				6811	<li>
				6812
				6813	<p>Merge two different objects into a new object.</p>
				6814	</li>
				6815	<li>Arguments:
				6816	<ul>
				6817
				6818	<li><tt>object1</tt> : a object value.</li>
				6819	<li><tt>object2</tt> : a object value.</li>
				6820	</ul>
				6821	</li>
				6822	<li>Return Value:
				6823	<ul>
				6824
				6825	<li>a new object value with fields from both input objects. If a field’s names in both objects are the same, an exception is issued,</li>
				6826	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6827	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6828	<li>any other non-object input value will cause a type error.</li>
				6829	</ul>
				6830	</li>
				6831	<li>
				6832
				6833	<p>Example:</p>
				6834
				6835	<div>
				6836	<div>
				6837	<pre class="source">object_merge(
				6838	{
				6839	"id":1,
				6840	"project":"AsterixDB",
				6841	"address":{"city":"Irvine", "state":"CA"},
				6842	"related":["Hivestrix", "Preglix", "Apache VXQuery"]
				6843	},
				6844	{
				6845	"user_id": 22,
				6846	"employer": "UC Irvine",
				6847	"employment_type": "visitor"
				6848	}
				6849	);
				6850	</pre></div></div>
				6851	</li>
				6852	<li>
				6853
				6854	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				6855
				6856	<div>
				6857	<div>
				6858	<pre class="source">{
				6859	"employment_type": "visitor",
				6860	"address": {
				6861	"city": "Irvine",
				6862	"state": "CA"
				6863	},
				6864	"related": [
				6865	"Hivestrix",
				6866	"Preglix",
				6867	"Apache VXQuery"
				6868	],
				6869	"user_id": 22,
				6870	"project": "AsterixDB",
				6871	"employer": "UC Irvine",
				6872	"id": 1
				6873	}
				6874	</pre></div></div>
				6875	</li>
				6876	</ul></div>
				6877	<div class="section">
				6878	<h3><a name="object_length"></a>object_length</h3>
				6879	<ul>
				6880
				6881	<li>
				6882
				6883	<p>Syntax:</p>
				6884
				6885	<div>
				6886	<div>
				6887	<pre class="source">object_length(input_object)
				6888	</pre></div></div>
				6889	</li>
				6890	<li>
				6891
				6892	<p>Returns number of top-level fields in the given object</p>
				6893	</li>
				6894	<li>Arguments:
				6895	<ul>
				6896
				6897	<li><tt>input_object</tt> : an object value.</li>
				6898	</ul>
				6899	</li>
				6900	<li>Return Value:
				6901	<ul>
				6902
				6903	<li>an integer that represents the number of top-level fields in the given object,</li>
				6904	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6905	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value or any other non-object value</li>
				6906	</ul>
				6907	</li>
				6908	<li>
				6909
				6910	<p>Example:</p>
				6911
				6912	<div>
				6913	<div>
				6914	<pre class="source">object_length(
				6915	{
				6916	"id": 1,
				6917	"project": "AsterixDB",
				6918	"address": {"city": "Irvine", "state": "CA"},
				6919	}
				6920	);
				6921	</pre></div></div>
				6922	</li>
				6923	<li>
				6924
				6925	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				6926
				6927	<div>
				6928	<div>
				6929	<pre class="source">3
				6930	</pre></div></div>
				6931	</li>
				6932	</ul></div>
				6933	<div class="section">
				6934	<h3><a name="object_names"></a>object_names</h3>
				6935	<ul>
				6936
				6937	<li>
				6938
				6939	<p>Syntax:</p>
				6940
				6941	<div>
				6942	<div>
				6943	<pre class="source">object_names(input_object)
				6944	</pre></div></div>
				6945	</li>
				6946	<li>
				6947
				6948	<p>Returns names of top-level fields in the given object</p>
				6949	</li>
				6950	<li>Arguments:
				6951	<ul>
				6952
				6953	<li><tt>input_object</tt> : an object value.</li>
				6954	</ul>
				6955	</li>
				6956	<li>Return Value:
				6957	<ul>
				6958
				6959	<li>an array with top-level field names of the given object,</li>
				6960	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6961	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value or any other non-object value</li>
				6962	</ul>
				6963	</li>
				6964	<li>
				6965
				6966	<p>Example:</p>
				6967
				6968	<div>
				6969	<div>
				6970	<pre class="source">object_names(
				6971	{
				6972	"id": 1,
				6973	"project": "AsterixDB",
				6974	"address": {"city": "Irvine", "state": "CA"},
				6975	}
				6976	);
				6977	</pre></div></div>
				6978	</li>
				6979	<li>
				6980
				6981	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				6982
				6983	<div>
				6984	<div>
				6985	<pre class="source">[ "id", "project", "address" ]
				6986	</pre></div></div>
				6987	</li>
				6988	</ul></div>
				6989	<div class="section">
				6990	<h3><a name="object_remove"></a>object_remove</h3>
				6991	<ul>
				6992
				6993	<li>
				6994
				6995	<p>Syntax:</p>
				6996
				6997	<div>
				6998	<div>
				6999	<pre class="source">object_remove(input_object, field_name)
				7000	</pre></div></div>
				7001	</li>
				7002	<li>
				7003
				7004	<p>Returns a new object that has the same fields as the input object except the field to be removed</p>
				7005	</li>
				7006	<li>Arguments:
				7007	<ul>
				7008
				7009	<li><tt>input_object</tt> : an object value.</li>
				7010	<li><tt>field_name</tt> : a string field name.</li>
				7011	</ul>
				7012	</li>
				7013	<li>Return Value:
				7014	<ul>
				7015
				7016	<li>A new object that has the same fields as <tt>input_object</tt> except the field <tt>field_name</tt>,</li>
				7017	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument <tt>input_object</tt> or <tt>field_name</tt> is missing,</li>
				7018	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument <tt>input_object</tt> is <tt>null</tt> or any other non-object value, or the argument <tt>field_name</tt> is <tt>null</tt> or any other non-string value.</li>
				7019	</ul>
				7020	</li>
				7021	<li>
				7022
				7023	<p>Example:</p>
				7024
				7025	<div>
				7026	<div>
				7027	<pre class="source">object_remove(
				7028	{
				7029	"id": 1,
				7030	"project": "AsterixDB",
				7031	"address": {"city": "Irvine", "state": "CA"}
				7032	}
				7033	, "address"
				7034	);
				7035	</pre></div></div>
				7036	</li>
				7037	<li>
				7038
				7039	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				7040
				7041	<div>
				7042	<div>
				7043	<pre class="source">{
				7044	"id": 1,
				7045	"project": "AsterixDB",
				7046	}
				7047	</pre></div></div>
				7048	</li>
				7049	</ul></div>
				7050	<div class="section">
				7051	<h3><a name="object_rename"></a>object_rename</h3>
				7052	<ul>
				7053
				7054	<li>
				7055
				7056	<p>Syntax:</p>
				7057
				7058	<div>
				7059	<div>
				7060	<pre class="source">object_rename(input_object, old_field, new_field)
				7061	</pre></div></div>
				7062	</li>
				7063	<li>
				7064
				7065	<p>Returns a new object that has the same fields as <tt>input_object</tt> with field <tt>old_field</tt> replaced by <tt>new_field</tt></p>
				7066	</li>
				7067	<li>Arguments:
				7068	<ul>
				7069
				7070	<li><tt>input_object</tt> : an object value.</li>
				7071	<li><tt>old_field</tt> : a string representing the old (original) field name inside the object <tt>input_object</tt>.</li>
				7072	<li><tt>new_field</tt> : a string representing the new field name to replace <tt>old_field</tt> inside the object <tt>input_object</tt>.</li>
				7073	</ul>
				7074	</li>
				7075	<li>Return Value:
				7076	<ul>
				7077
				7078	<li>A new object that has the same fields as <tt>input_object</tt> with field <tt>old_field</tt> replaced by <tt>new_field</tt>,</li>
				7079	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				7080	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>input_object</tt> is non-object value, or <tt>old_field</tt> is non-string value, or <tt>new_field</tt> is any non-string value.</li>
				7081	</ul>
				7082	</li>
				7083	<li>
				7084
				7085	<p>Example:</p>
				7086
				7087	<div>
				7088	<div>
				7089	<pre class="source">object_rename(
				7090	{
				7091	"id": 1,
				7092	"project": "AsterixDB",
				7093	"address": {"city": "Irvine", "state": "CA"}
				7094	}
				7095	, "address"
				7096	, "location"
				7097	);
				7098	</pre></div></div>
				7099	</li>
				7100	<li>
				7101
				7102	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				7103
				7104	<div>
				7105	<div>
				7106	<pre class="source">{
				7107	"id": 1,
				7108	"project": "AsterixDB",
				7109	"location": {"city": "Irvine", "state": "CA"}
				7110	}
				7111	</pre></div></div>
				7112	</li>
				7113	</ul></div>
				7114	<div class="section">
				7115	<h3><a name="object_unwrap"></a>object_unwrap</h3>
				7116	<ul>
				7117
				7118	<li>
				7119
				7120	<p>Syntax:</p>
				7121
				7122	<div>
				7123	<div>
				7124	<pre class="source">object_unwrap(input_object)
				7125	</pre></div></div>
				7126	</li>
				7127	<li>
				7128
				7129	<p>Returns the value of the single name-value pair that appears in <tt>input_object</tt>.</p>
				7130	</li>
				7131	<li>Arguments:
				7132	<ul>
				7133
				7134	<li><tt>input_object</tt> : an object value that consists of exactly one name-value pair.</li>
				7135	</ul>
				7136	</li>
				7137	<li>Return Value:
				7138	<ul>
				7139
				7140	<li>The value of the single name-value pair that appears in <tt>input_object</tt>,</li>
				7141	<li><tt>missing</tt> if <tt>input_object</tt> is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				7142	<li><tt>null</tt> if <tt>input_object</tt> is null, or an empty object, or there is more than one name-value pair in <tt>input_object</tt>, or any non-object value.</li>
				7143	</ul>
				7144	</li>
				7145	<li>
				7146
				7147	<p>Example:</p>
				7148
				7149	<div>
				7150	<div>
				7151	<pre class="source">object_unwrap(
				7152	{
				7153	"id": 1
				7154	}
				7155	);
				7156	</pre></div></div>
				7157	</li>
				7158	<li>
				7159
				7160	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				7161
				7162	<div>
				7163	<div>
				7164	<pre class="source">{
				7165	1
				7166	}
				7167	</pre></div></div>
				7168	</li>
				7169	</ul></div>
				7170	<div class="section">
				7171	<h3><a name="object_replace"></a>object_replace</h3>
				7172	<ul>
				7173
				7174	<li>
				7175
				7176	<p>Syntax:</p>
				7177
				7178	<div>
				7179	<div>
				7180	<pre class="source">object_replace(input_object, old_value, new_value)
				7181	</pre></div></div>
				7182	</li>
				7183	<li>
				7184
				7185	<p>Returns a new object that has the same fields as <tt>input_object</tt> with all occurrences of value <tt>old_value</tt> replaced by <tt>new_value</tt></p>
				7186	</li>
				7187	<li>Arguments:
				7188	<ul>
				7189
				7190	<li><tt>input_object</tt> : an object value.</li>
				7191	<li><tt>old_value</tt> : a primitive type value to be replaced by <tt>new_value</tt>.</li>
				7192	<li><tt>new_value</tt> : a value to replace <tt>old_value</tt>.</li>
				7193	</ul>
				7194	</li>
				7195	<li>Return Value:
				7196	<ul>
				7197
				7198	<li>A new object that has the same fields as <tt>input_object</tt> with all occurrences of value <tt>old_value</tt> replaced by <tt>new_value</tt>,</li>
				7199	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				7200	<li><tt>null</tt> if <tt>input_object</tt> or <tt>old_value</tt> is null,</li>
				7201	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				7202	<ul>
				7203
				7204	<li><tt>old_value</tt> is not a primitive type value.</li>
				7205	</ul>
				7206	</li>
				7207	</ul>
				7208	</li>
				7209	<li>
				7210
				7211	<p>Example:</p>
				7212
				7213	<div>
				7214	<div>
				7215	<pre class="source">object_replace(
				7216	{
				7217	"id": 1,
				7218	"project": "AsterixDB",
				7219	"address": {"city": "Irvine", "state": "CA"}
				7220	}
				7221	, "AsterixDB"
				7222	, "Apache AsterixDB"
				7223	);
				7224	</pre></div></div>
				7225	</li>
				7226	<li>
				7227
				7228	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				7229
				7230	<div>
				7231	<div>
				7232	<pre class="source">{
				7233	"id": 1,
				7234	"project": "Apache AsterixDB",
				7235	"location": {"city": "Irvine", "state": "CA"}
				7236	}
				7237	</pre></div></div>
				7238	</li>
				7239	</ul></div>
				7240	<div class="section">
				7241	<h3><a name="object_add"></a>object_add</h3>
				7242	<ul>
				7243
				7244	<li>
				7245
				7246	<p>Syntax:</p>
				7247
				7248	<div>
				7249	<div>
				7250	<pre class="source">object_add(input_object, field_name, field_value)
				7251	</pre></div></div>
				7252	</li>
				7253	<li>
				7254
				7255	<p>Returns a new object that has the same fields as <tt>input_object</tt> as well as the new field <tt>field_name</tt>.</p>
				7256	</li>
				7257	<li>Arguments:
				7258	<ul>
				7259
				7260	<li><tt>input_object</tt> : an object value.</li>
				7261	<li><tt>field_name</tt> : a string representing a field name to be added.</li>
				7262	<li><tt>field_value</tt> : a value to be assigned to the new field <tt>field_name</tt>.</li>
				7263	</ul>
				7264	</li>
				7265	<li>Return Value:
				7266	<ul>
				7267
				7268	<li>A new object that has the same fields as <tt>input_object</tt> as well as the new field <tt>field_name</tt>,</li>
				7269	<li><tt>missing</tt> if <tt>input_object</tt> or <tt>field_name</tt> is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				7270	<li><tt>null</tt> if <tt>input_object</tt> or <tt>field_name</tt> is <tt>null</tt>, or <tt>input_object</tt> is not an object, or <tt>field_name</tt> is not a string,</li>
				7271	<li><tt>input_object</tt> if <tt>field_name</tt>already exists in <tt>input_object</tt> or <tt>field_value</tt> is missing.</li>
				7272	</ul>
				7273	</li>
				7274	<li>
				7275
				7276	<p>Example:</p>
				7277
				7278	<div>
				7279	<div>
				7280	<pre class="source">object_add(
				7281	{
				7282	"id": 1,
				7283	"project": "AsterixDB",
				7284	"address": {"city": "Irvine", "state": "CA"}
				7285	}
				7286	, "company"
				7287	, "Apache"
				7288	);
				7289	</pre></div></div>
				7290	</li>
				7291	<li>
				7292
				7293	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				7294
				7295	<div>
				7296	<div>
				7297	<pre class="source">{
				7298	"id": 1,
				7299	"project": "AsterixDB",
				7300	"location": {"city": "Irvine", "state": "CA"},
				7301	"company": "Apache"
				7302	}
				7303	</pre></div></div>
				7304	</li>
				7305	</ul></div>
				7306	<div class="section">
				7307	<h3><a name="object_put"></a>object_put</h3>
				7308	<ul>
				7309
				7310	<li>
				7311
				7312	<p>Syntax:</p>
				7313
				7314	<div>
				7315	<div>
				7316	<pre class="source">object_put(input_object, field_name, field_value)
				7317	</pre></div></div>
				7318	</li>
				7319	<li>
				7320
				7321	<p>Adds, modifies, or removes a field of an object.</p>
				7322	</li>
				7323	<li>Arguments:
				7324	<ul>
				7325
				7326	<li><tt>input_object</tt> : an object value.</li>
				7327	<li><tt>field_name</tt> : a string representing a field name to be added.</li>
				7328	<li><tt>field_value</tt> : a value to be assigned to the new field <tt>field_name</tt>.</li>
				7329	</ul>
				7330	</li>
				7331	<li>Return Value:
				7332	<ul>
				7333
				7334	<li>a new object that has the same fields as <tt>input_object</tt> as well as the new field <tt>field_name</tt>, or with updated <tt>field_name</tt> value to <tt>field_value</tt> if <tt>field_name</tt> already exists in <tt>input_object</tt>, or with <tt>field_name</tt>removed if <tt>field_name</tt> already exists in <tt>input_object</tt> and <tt>field_value</tt> is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				7335	<li><tt>missing</tt> if <tt>input_object</tt> or <tt>field_name</tt> is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				7336	<li><tt>null</tt> if <tt>input_object</tt> or <tt>field_name</tt> is <tt>null</tt>, or <tt>input_object</tt> is not an object, or <tt>field_name</tt> is not not a string.</li>
				7337	</ul>
				7338	</li>
				7339	<li>
				7340
				7341	<p>Example:</p>
				7342
				7343	<div>
				7344	<div>
				7345	<pre class="source">object_put(
				7346	{
				7347	"id": 1,
				7348	"project": "AsterixDB",
				7349	"address": {"city": "Irvine", "state": "CA"}
				7350	}
				7351	, "project"
				7352	, "Apache AsterixDB"
				7353	);
				7354	</pre></div></div>
				7355	</li>
				7356	<li>
				7357
				7358	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				7359
				7360	<div>
				7361	<div>
				7362	<pre class="source">{
				7363	"id": 1,
				7364	"project": "Apache AsterixDB",
				7365	"location": {"city": "Irvine", "state": "CA"}
				7366	}
				7367	</pre></div></div>
				7368	</li>
				7369	</ul></div>
				7370	<div class="section">
				7371	<h3><a name="object_values"></a>object_values</h3>
				7372	<ul>
				7373
				7374	<li>
				7375
				7376	<p>Syntax:</p>
				7377
				7378	<div>
				7379	<div>
				7380	<pre class="source">object_values(input_object)
				7381	</pre></div></div>
				7382	</li>
				7383	<li>
				7384
				7385	<p>Returns an array of the values of the fields in <tt>input_object</tt>.</p>
				7386	</li>
				7387	<li>Arguments:
				7388	<ul>
				7389
				7390	<li><tt>input_object</tt> : an object value.</li>
				7391	</ul>
				7392	</li>
				7393	<li>Return Value:
				7394	<ul>
				7395
				7396	<li>An array of the values of the fields in <tt>input_object</tt>,</li>
				7397	<li><tt>missing</tt> if <tt>input_object</tt> is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				7398	<li><tt>null</tt> if <tt>input_object</tt> is null or any non-object value.</li>
				7399	</ul>
				7400	</li>
				7401	<li>
				7402
				7403	<p>Example:</p>
				7404
				7405	<div>
				7406	<div>
				7407	<pre class="source">object_values(
				7408	{
				7409	"id": 1,
				7410	"project": "AsterixDB",
				7411	"address": {"city": "Irvine", "state": "CA"}
				7412	}
				7413	);
				7414	</pre></div></div>
				7415	</li>
				7416	<li>
				7417
				7418	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				7419
				7420	<div>
				7421	<div>
				7422	<pre class="source">[
				7423	1,
				7424	"AsterixDB",
				7425	{"city": "Irvine", "state": "CA"}
				7426	]
				7427	</pre></div></div>
				7428	</li>
				7429	</ul></div>
				7430	<div class="section">
				7431	<h3><a name="object_pairs"></a>object_pairs</h3>
				7432	<ul>
				7433
				7434	<li>
				7435
				7436	<p>Syntax:</p>
				7437
				7438	<div>
				7439	<div>
				7440	<pre class="source">object_pairs(input_object)
				7441	</pre></div></div>
				7442	</li>
				7443	<li>
				7444
				7445	<p>Returns an array of objects describing fields of <tt>input_object</tt>. For each field of the <tt>input_object</tt> the returned array contains an object with two fields <tt>name</tt> and <tt>value</tt> which are set to the <tt>input_object</tt>’s field name and value.</p>
				7446	</li>
				7447	<li>
				7448
				7449	<p>Arguments:</p>
				7450	<ul>
				7451
				7452	<li><tt>input_object</tt> : an object value.</li>
				7453	</ul>
				7454	</li>
				7455	<li>Return Value:
				7456	<ul>
				7457
				7458	<li>An array of the <tt>name</tt>/<tt>value</tt> pairs of the fields in <tt>input_object</tt>,</li>
				7459	<li><tt>missing</tt> if <tt>input_object</tt> is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				7460	<li><tt>null</tt> if <tt>input_object</tt> is null or any non-object value.</li>
				7461	</ul>
				7462	</li>
				7463	<li>
				7464
				7465	<p>Example:</p>
				7466
				7467	<div>
				7468	<div>
				7469	<pre class="source">object_pairs(
				7470	{
				7471	"id": 1,
				7472	"project": "AsterixDB",
				7473	"address": {"city": "Irvine", "state": "CA"}
				7474	}
				7475	);
				7476	</pre></div></div>
				7477	</li>
				7478	<li>
				7479
				7480	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				7481
				7482	<div>
				7483	<div>
				7484	<pre class="source">[
				7485	{ "name": "id", "value": 1 },
				7486	{ "name": "project", "value": "AsterixDB" },
				7487	{ "name": "address", "value": {"city": "Irvine", "state": "CA"} }
				7488	]
				7489	</pre></div></div>
				7490	</li>
				7491	</ul></div>
				7492	<div class="section">
				7493	<h3><a name="pairs"></a>pairs</h3>
				7494	<ul>
				7495
				7496	<li>
				7497
				7498	<p>Syntax:</p>
				7499
				7500	<div>
				7501	<div>
				7502	<pre class="source">pairs(input_object)
				7503	</pre></div></div>
				7504	</li>
				7505	<li>
				7506
				7507	<p>Returns an array of arrays describing fields of <tt>input_object</tt>, including nested fields. For each field of the <tt>input_object</tt> the returned array contains an array with two elements. The first element is the name and the second one is the value of the <tt>input_object</tt>’s field. The input object is introspected recursively, so all fields of its nested objects are returned. Nested objects contained in arrays and multisets are also processed by this function.</p>
				7508	</li>
				7509	<li>
				7510
				7511	<p>Arguments:</p>
				7512	<ul>
				7513
				7514	<li><tt>input_object</tt> : an object value (or an array or a multiset)</li>
				7515	</ul>
				7516	</li>
				7517	<li>Return Value:
				7518	<ul>
				7519
				7520	<li>An array of arrays with name, value pairs of the fields in <tt>input_object</tt>, including nested fields. Each inner array has exactly two items: name and value of the <tt>input_object</tt>’s field.</li>
				7521	<li><tt>missing</tt> if <tt>input_object</tt> is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				7522	<li><tt>null</tt> if <tt>input_object</tt> is null or a value of a primitive data type.</li>
				7523	</ul>
				7524	</li>
				7525	<li>
				7526
				7527	<p>Example:</p>
				7528
				7529	<div>
				7530	<div>
				7531	<pre class="source">pairs(
				7532	{
				7533	"id": 1,
				7534	"project": "AsterixDB",
				7535	"address": {"city": "Irvine", "state": "CA"}
				7536	}
				7537	);
				7538	</pre></div></div>
				7539	</li>
				7540	<li>
				7541
				7542	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				7543
				7544	<div>
				7545	<div>
				7546	<pre class="source">[
				7547	[ "id", 1 ],
				7548	[ "project", "AsterixDB" ],
				7549	[ "address", { "city": "Irvine", "state": "CA" } ],
				7550	[ "city", "Irvine" ],
				7551	[ "state", "CA" ]
				7552	]
				7553	</pre></div></div>
				7554	</li>
				7555	</ul><!--
				7556	! Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
				7557	! or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
				7558	! distributed with this work for additional information
				7559	! regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
				7560	! to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
				7561	! "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
				7562	! with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
				7563	!
				7564	! http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
				7565	!
				7566	! Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
				7567	! software distributed under the License is distributed on an
				7568	! "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
				7569	! KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
				7570	! specific language governing permissions and limitations
				7571	! under the License.
				7572	!-->
				7573	</div></div>
				7574	<div class="section">
				7575	<h2><a name="Aggregate_Functions_.28Array_Functions.29"></a><a name="AggregateFunctions" id="AggregateFunctions">Aggregate Functions (Array Functions) </a></h2>
				7576	<p>This section contains detailed descriptions of the built-in aggregate functions in the query language.</p>
				7577	<p>The query language also supports standard SQL aggregate functions (e.g., <tt>MIN</tt>, <tt>MAX</tt>, <tt>SUM</tt>, <tt>COUNT</tt>, and <tt>AVG</tt>). Note that these are not real functions in the query language, but just syntactic sugars over corresponding builtin aggregate functions (e.g., <tt>ARRAY_MIN</tt>, <tt>ARRAY_MAX</tt>, <tt>ARRAY_SUM</tt>, <tt>ARRAY_COUNT</tt>, and <tt>ARRAY_AVG</tt>). Refer to <a href="manual.html#SQL-92_aggregation_functions">SQL-92 Aggregation Functions</a> for details.</p>
				7578	<p>The <tt>DISTINCT</tt> keyword may be used with built-in aggregate functions and standard SQL aggregate functions. It may also be used with aggregate functions used as window functions. It determines whether the function aggregates all values in the group, or distinct values only. Refer to <a href="manual.html#Aggregation_functions">Aggregation Functions</a> for details.</p>
				7579	<p>Aggregate functions may be used as window functions when they are used with an OVER clause. Refer to <a href="manual.html#Over_clauses">OVER Clauses</a> for details.</p>
				7580	<div class="section">
				7581	<h3><a name="array_count"></a>array_count</h3>
				7582	<ul>
				7583
				7584	<li>
				7585
				7586	<p>Syntax:</p>
				7587
				7588	<div>
				7589	<div>
				7590	<pre class="source">array_count(collection)
				7591	</pre></div></div>
				7592	</li>
				7593	<li>
				7594
				7595	<p>Gets the number of non-null and non-missing items in the given collection.</p>
				7596	</li>
				7597	<li>Arguments:
				7598	<ul>
				7599
				7600	<li><tt>collection</tt> could be:
				7601	<ul>
				7602
				7603	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> to be counted,</li>
				7604	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				7605	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				7606	</ul>
				7607	</li>
				7608	</ul>
				7609	</li>
				7610	<li>Return Value:
				7611	<ul>
				7612
				7613	<li>a <tt>bigint</tt> value representing the number of non-null and non-missing items in the given collection,</li>
				7614	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				7615	<li>any other non-array and non-multiset input value will cause an error.</li>
				7616	</ul>
				7617	</li>
				7618	<li>
				7619
				7620	<p>Example:</p>
				7621
				7622	<div>
				7623	<div>
				7624	<pre class="source">array_count( ['hello', 'world', 1, 2, 3, null, missing] );
				7625	</pre></div></div>
				7626	</li>
				7627	<li>
				7628
				7629	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				7630
				7631	<div>
				7632	<div>
				7633	<pre class="source">5
				7634	</pre></div></div>
				7635	</li>
				7636	</ul></div>
				7637	<div class="section">
				7638	<h3><a name="array_avg"></a>array_avg</h3>
				7639	<ul>
				7640
				7641	<li>
				7642
				7643	<p>Syntax:</p>
				7644
				7645	<div>
				7646	<div>
				7647	<pre class="source">array_avg(num_collection)
				7648	</pre></div></div>
				7649	</li>
				7650	<li>
				7651
				7652	<p>Gets the average value of the non-null and non-missing numeric items in the given collection.</p>
				7653	</li>
				7654	<li>Arguments:
				7655	<ul>
				7656
				7657	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				7658	<ul>
				7659
				7660	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> containing numeric values, <tt>null</tt>s or <tt>missing</tt>s,</li>
				7661	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				7662	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				7663	</ul>
				7664	</li>
				7665	</ul>
				7666	</li>
				7667	<li>Return Value:
				7668	<ul>
				7669
				7670	<li>a <tt>double</tt> value representing the average of the non-null and non-missing numbers in the given collection,</li>
				7671	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				7672	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the given collection does not contain any non-null and non-missing items,</li>
				7673	<li>any other non-array and non-multiset input value will cause a type error,</li>
				7674	<li>any other non-numeric value in the input collection will cause a type error.</li>
				7675	</ul>
				7676	</li>
				7677	<li>
				7678
				7679	<p>Example:</p>
				7680
				7681	<div>
				7682	<div>
				7683	<pre class="source">array_avg( [1.2, 2.3, 3.4, 0, null] );
				7684	</pre></div></div>
				7685	</li>
				7686	<li>
				7687
				7688	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				7689
				7690	<div>
				7691	<div>
				7692	<pre class="source">1.725
				7693	</pre></div></div>
				7694	</li>
				7695	</ul></div>
				7696	<div class="section">
				7697	<h3><a name="array_sum"></a>array_sum</h3>
				7698	<ul>
				7699
				7700	<li>
				7701
				7702	<p>Syntax:</p>
				7703
				7704	<div>
				7705	<div>
				7706	<pre class="source">array_sum(num_collection)
				7707	</pre></div></div>
				7708	</li>
				7709	<li>
				7710
				7711	<p>Gets the sum of non-null and non-missing items in the given collection.</p>
				7712	</li>
				7713	<li>Arguments:
				7714	<ul>
				7715
				7716	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				7717	<ul>
				7718
				7719	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> containing numeric values, <tt>null</tt>s or <tt>missing</tt>s,</li>
				7720	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				7721	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				7722	</ul>
				7723	</li>
				7724	</ul>
				7725	</li>
				7726	<li>Return Value:
				7727	<ul>
				7728
				7729	<li>the sum of the non-null and non-missing numbers in the given collection. The returning type is decided by the item type with the highest order in the numeric type promotion order (<tt>tinyint</tt>-> <tt>smallint</tt>-><tt>integer</tt>-><tt>bigint</tt>-><tt>float</tt>-><tt>double</tt>) among items.</li>
				7730	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				7731	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the given collection does not contain any non-null and non-missing items,</li>
				7732	<li>any other non-array and non-multiset input value will cause a type error,</li>
				7733	<li>any other non-numeric value in the input collection will cause a type error.</li>
				7734	</ul>
				7735	</li>
				7736	<li>
				7737
				7738	<p>Example:</p>
				7739
				7740	<div>
				7741	<div>
				7742	<pre class="source">array_sum( [1.2, 2.3, 3.4, 0, null, missing] );
				7743	</pre></div></div>
				7744	</li>
				7745	<li>
				7746
				7747	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				7748
				7749	<div>
				7750	<div>
				7751	<pre class="source">6.9
				7752	</pre></div></div>
				7753	</li>
				7754	</ul></div>
				7755	<div class="section">
				7756	<h3><a name="array_min"></a>array_min</h3>
				7757	<ul>
				7758
				7759	<li>
				7760
				7761	<p>Syntax:</p>
				7762
				7763	<div>
				7764	<div>
				7765	<pre class="source">array_min(num_collection)
				7766	</pre></div></div>
				7767	</li>
				7768	<li>
				7769
				7770	<p>Gets the min value of non-null and non-missing comparable items in the given collection.</p>
				7771	</li>
				7772	<li>Arguments:
				7773	<ul>
				7774
				7775	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				7776	<ul>
				7777
				7778	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt>,</li>
				7779	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				7780	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				7781	</ul>
				7782	</li>
				7783	</ul>
				7784	</li>
				7785	<li>Return Value:
				7786	<ul>
				7787
				7788	<li>the min value of non-null and non-missing values in the given collection. The returning type is decided by the item type with the highest order in the type promotion order (<tt>tinyint</tt>-> <tt>smallint</tt>-><tt>integer</tt>-><tt>bigint</tt>-><tt>float</tt>-><tt>double</tt>) among numeric items.</li>
				7789	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				7790	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the given collection does not contain any non-null and non-missing items,</li>
				7791	<li>multiple incomparable items in the input array or multiset will cause a type error,</li>
				7792	<li>any other non-array and non-multiset input value will cause a type error.</li>
				7793	</ul>
				7794	</li>
				7795	<li>
				7796
				7797	<p>Example:</p>
				7798
				7799	<div>
				7800	<div>
				7801	<pre class="source">array_min( [1.2, 2.3, 3.4, 0, null, missing] );
				7802	</pre></div></div>
				7803	</li>
				7804	<li>
				7805
				7806	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				7807
				7808	<div>
				7809	<div>
				7810	<pre class="source">0.0
				7811	</pre></div></div>
				7812	</li>
				7813	</ul></div>
				7814	<div class="section">
				7815	<h3><a name="array_max"></a>array_max</h3>
				7816	<ul>
				7817
				7818	<li>
				7819
				7820	<p>Syntax:</p>
				7821
				7822	<div>
				7823	<div>
				7824	<pre class="source">array_max(num_collection)
				7825	</pre></div></div>
				7826	</li>
				7827	<li>
				7828
				7829	<p>Gets the max value of the non-null and non-missing comparable items in the given collection.</p>
				7830	</li>
				7831	<li>Arguments:
				7832	<ul>
				7833
				7834	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				7835	<ul>
				7836
				7837	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt>,</li>
				7838	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				7839	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				7840	</ul>
				7841	</li>
				7842	</ul>
				7843	</li>
				7844	<li>Return Value:
				7845	<ul>
				7846
				7847	<li>the max value of non-null and non-missing numbers in the given collection. The returning type is decided by the item type with the highest order in the type promotion order (<tt>tinyint</tt>-> <tt>smallint</tt>-><tt>integer</tt>-><tt>bigint</tt>-><tt>float</tt>-><tt>double</tt>) among numeric items.</li>
				7848	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				7849	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the given collection does not contain any non-null and non-missing items,</li>
				7850	<li>multiple incomparable items in the input array or multiset will cause a type error,</li>
				7851	<li>any other non-array and non-multiset input value will cause a type error.</li>
				7852	</ul>
				7853	</li>
				7854	<li>
				7855
				7856	<p>Example:</p>
				7857
				7858	<div>
				7859	<div>
				7860	<pre class="source">array_max( [1.2, 2.3, 3.4, 0, null, missing] );
				7861	</pre></div></div>
				7862	</li>
				7863	<li>
				7864
				7865	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				7866
				7867	<div>
				7868	<div>
				7869	<pre class="source">3.4
				7870	</pre></div></div>
				7871	</li>
				7872	</ul></div>
				7873	<div class="section">
				7874	<h3><a name="array_stddev_samp"></a>array_stddev_samp</h3>
				7875	<ul>
				7876
				7877	<li>
				7878
				7879	<p>Syntax:</p>
				7880
				7881	<div>
				7882	<div>
				7883	<pre class="source">array_stddev_samp(num_collection)
				7884	</pre></div></div>
				7885	</li>
				7886	<li>
				7887
				7888	<p>Gets the sample standard deviation value of the non-null and non-missing numeric items in the given collection.</p>
				7889	</li>
				7890	<li>Arguments:
				7891	<ul>
				7892
				7893	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				7894	<ul>
				7895
				7896	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> containing numeric values, <tt>null</tt>s or <tt>missing</tt>s,</li>
				7897	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				7898	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				7899	</ul>
				7900	</li>
				7901	</ul>
				7902	</li>
				7903	<li>Return Value:
				7904	<ul>
				7905
				7906	<li>a <tt>double</tt> value representing the sample standard deviation of the non-null and non-missing numbers in the given collection,</li>
				7907	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				7908	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the given collection does not contain any non-null and non-missing items,</li>
				7909	<li>any other non-array and non-multiset input value will cause a type error,</li>
				7910	<li>any other non-numeric value in the input collection will cause a type error.</li>
				7911	</ul>
				7912	</li>
				7913	<li>
				7914
				7915	<p>Example:</p>
				7916
				7917	<div>
				7918	<div>
				7919	<pre class="source">array_stddev_samp( [1.2, 2.3, 3.4, 0, null] );
				7920	</pre></div></div>
				7921	</li>
				7922	<li>
				7923
				7924	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				7925
				7926	<div>
				7927	<div>
				7928	<pre class="source">1.4591664287073858
				7929	</pre></div></div>
				7930	</li>
				7931	</ul></div>
				7932	<div class="section">
				7933	<h3><a name="array_stddev_pop"></a>array_stddev_pop</h3>
				7934	<ul>
				7935
				7936	<li>
				7937
				7938	<p>Syntax:</p>
				7939
				7940	<div>
				7941	<div>
				7942	<pre class="source">array_stddev_pop(num_collection)
				7943	</pre></div></div>
				7944	</li>
				7945	<li>
				7946
				7947	<p>Gets the population standard deviation value of the non-null and non-missing numeric items in the given collection.</p>
				7948	</li>
				7949	<li>Arguments:
				7950	<ul>
				7951
				7952	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				7953	<ul>
				7954
				7955	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> containing numeric values, <tt>null</tt>s or <tt>missing</tt>s,</li>
				7956	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				7957	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				7958	</ul>
				7959	</li>
				7960	</ul>
				7961	</li>
				7962	<li>Return Value:
				7963	<ul>
				7964
				7965	<li>a <tt>double</tt> value representing the population standard deviation of the non-null and non-missing numbers in the given collection,</li>
				7966	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				7967	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the given collection does not contain any non-null and non-missing items,</li>
				7968	<li>any other non-array and non-multiset input value will cause a type error,</li>
				7969	<li>any other non-numeric value in the input collection will cause a type error.</li>
				7970	</ul>
				7971	</li>
				7972	<li>
				7973
				7974	<p>Example:</p>
				7975
				7976	<div>
				7977	<div>
				7978	<pre class="source">array_stddev_pop( [1.2, 2.3, 3.4, 0, null] );
				7979	</pre></div></div>
				7980	</li>
				7981	<li>
				7982
				7983	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				7984
				7985	<div>
				7986	<div>
				7987	<pre class="source">1.2636751956100112
				7988	</pre></div></div>
				7989	</li>
				7990	</ul></div>
				7991	<div class="section">
				7992	<h3><a name="array_var_samp"></a>array_var_samp</h3>
				7993	<ul>
				7994
				7995	<li>
				7996
				7997	<p>Syntax:</p>
				7998
				7999	<div>
				8000	<div>
				8001	<pre class="source">array_var_samp(num_collection)
				8002	</pre></div></div>
				8003	</li>
				8004	<li>
				8005
				8006	<p>Gets the sample variance value of the non-null and non-missing numeric items in the given collection.</p>
				8007	</li>
				8008	<li>Arguments:
				8009	<ul>
				8010
				8011	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				8012	<ul>
				8013
				8014	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> containing numeric values, <tt>null</tt>s or <tt>missing</tt>s,</li>
				8015	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				8016	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				8017	</ul>
				8018	</li>
				8019	</ul>
				8020	</li>
				8021	<li>Return Value:
				8022	<ul>
				8023
				8024	<li>a <tt>double</tt> value representing the sample variance of the non-null and non-missing numbers in the given collection,</li>
				8025	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				8026	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the given collection does not contain any non-null and non-missing items,</li>
				8027	<li>any other non-array and non-multiset input value will cause a type error,</li>
				8028	<li>any other non-numeric value in the input collection will cause a type error.</li>
				8029	</ul>
				8030	</li>
				8031	<li>
				8032
				8033	<p>Example:</p>
				8034
				8035	<div>
				8036	<div>
				8037	<pre class="source">array_var_samp( [1.2, 2.3, 3.4, 0, null] );
				8038	</pre></div></div>
				8039	</li>
				8040	<li>
				8041
				8042	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				8043
				8044	<div>
				8045	<div>
				8046	<pre class="source">2.1291666666666664
				8047	</pre></div></div>
				8048	</li>
				8049	</ul></div>
				8050	<div class="section">
				8051	<h3><a name="array_var_pop"></a>array_var_pop</h3>
				8052	<ul>
				8053
				8054	<li>
				8055
				8056	<p>Syntax:</p>
				8057
				8058	<div>
				8059	<div>
				8060	<pre class="source">array_var_pop(num_collection)
				8061	</pre></div></div>
				8062	</li>
				8063	<li>
				8064
				8065	<p>Gets the population variance value of the non-null and non-missing numeric items in the given collection.</p>
				8066	</li>
				8067	<li>Arguments:
				8068	<ul>
				8069
				8070	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				8071	<ul>
				8072
				8073	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> containing numeric values, <tt>null</tt>s or <tt>missing</tt>s,</li>
				8074	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				8075	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				8076	</ul>
				8077	</li>
				8078	</ul>
				8079	</li>
				8080	<li>Return Value:
				8081	<ul>
				8082
				8083	<li>a <tt>double</tt> value representing the population variance of the non-null and non-missing numbers in the given collection,</li>
				8084	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				8085	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the given collection does not contain any non-null and non-missing items,</li>
				8086	<li>any other non-array and non-multiset input value will cause a type error,</li>
				8087	<li>any other non-numeric value in the input collection will cause a type error.</li>
				8088	</ul>
				8089	</li>
				8090	<li>
				8091
				8092	<p>Example:</p>
				8093
				8094	<div>
				8095	<div>
				8096	<pre class="source">array_var_pop( [1.2, 2.3, 3.4, 0, null] );
				8097	</pre></div></div>
				8098	</li>
				8099	<li>
				8100
				8101	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				8102
				8103	<div>
				8104	<div>
				8105	<pre class="source">1.5968749999999998
				8106	</pre></div></div>
				8107	</li>
				8108	</ul></div>
				8109	<div class="section">
				8110	<h3><a name="array_skewness"></a>array_skewness</h3>
				8111	<ul>
				8112
				8113	<li>
				8114
				8115	<p>Syntax:</p>
				8116
				8117	<div>
				8118	<div>
				8119	<pre class="source">array_skewness(num_collection)
				8120	</pre></div></div>
				8121	</li>
				8122	<li>
				8123
				8124	<p>Gets the skewness value of the non-null and non-missing numeric items in the given collection.</p>
				8125	</li>
				8126	<li>Arguments:
				8127	<ul>
				8128
				8129	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				8130	<ul>
				8131
				8132	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> containing numeric values, <tt>null</tt>s or <tt>missing</tt>s,</li>
				8133	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				8134	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				8135	</ul>
				8136	</li>
				8137	</ul>
				8138	</li>
				8139	<li>Return Value:
				8140	<ul>
				8141
				8142	<li>a <tt>double</tt> value representing the skewness of the non-null and non-missing numbers in the given collection,</li>
				8143	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				8144	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the given collection does not contain any non-null and non-missing items,</li>
				8145	<li>any other non-array and non-multiset input value will cause a type error,</li>
				8146	<li>any other non-numeric value in the input collection will cause a type error.</li>
				8147	</ul>
				8148	</li>
				8149	<li>
				8150
				8151	<p>Example:</p>
				8152
				8153	<div>
				8154	<div>
				8155	<pre class="source">array_skewness( [1.2, 2.3, 3.4, 0, null] );
				8156	</pre></div></div>
				8157	</li>
				8158	<li>
				8159
				8160	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				8161
				8162	<div>
				8163	<div>
				8164	<pre class="source">-0.04808451539164242
				8165	</pre></div></div>
				8166	</li>
				8167	</ul></div>
				8168	<div class="section">
				8169	<h3><a name="array_kurtosis"></a>array_kurtosis</h3>
				8170	<ul>
				8171
				8172	<li>
				8173
				8174	<p>Syntax:</p>
				8175
				8176	<div>
				8177	<div>
				8178	<pre class="source">array_kurtosis(num_collection)
				8179	</pre></div></div>
				8180	</li>
				8181	<li>
				8182
				8183	<p>Gets the kurtosis value from the normal distribution of the non-null and non-missing numeric items in the given collection.</p>
				8184	</li>
				8185	<li>Arguments:
				8186	<ul>
				8187
				8188	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				8189	<ul>
				8190
				8191	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> containing numeric values, <tt>null</tt>s or <tt>missing</tt>s,</li>
				8192	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				8193	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				8194	</ul>
				8195	</li>
				8196	</ul>
				8197	</li>
				8198	<li>Return Value:
				8199	<ul>
				8200
				8201	<li>a <tt>double</tt> value representing the kurtosis from a normal distribution of the non-null and non-missing numbers in the given collection,</li>
				8202	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				8203	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the given collection does not contain any non-null and non-missing items,</li>
				8204	<li>any other non-array and non-multiset input value will cause a type error,</li>
				8205	<li>any other non-numeric value in the input collection will cause a type error.</li>
				8206	</ul>
				8207	</li>
				8208	<li>
				8209
				8210	<p>Example:</p>
				8211
				8212	<div>
				8213	<div>
				8214	<pre class="source">array_kurtosis( [1.2, 2.3, 3.4, 0, null] );
				8215	</pre></div></div>
				8216	</li>
				8217	<li>
				8218
				8219	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				8220
				8221	<div>
				8222	<div>
				8223	<pre class="source">-1.342049701096427
				8224	</pre></div></div>
				8225	</li>
				8226	</ul></div>
				8227	<div class="section">
				8228	<h3><a name="strict_count"></a>strict_count</h3>
				8229	<ul>
				8230
				8231	<li>
				8232
				8233	<p>Syntax:</p>
				8234
				8235	<div>
				8236	<div>
				8237	<pre class="source">strict_count(collection)
				8238	</pre></div></div>
				8239	</li>
				8240	<li>
				8241
				8242	<p>Gets the number of items in the given collection.</p>
				8243	</li>
				8244	<li>Arguments:
				8245	<ul>
				8246
				8247	<li><tt>collection</tt> could be:
				8248	<ul>
				8249
				8250	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> containing the items to be counted,</li>
				8251	<li>or a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				8252	<li>or a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				8253	</ul>
				8254	</li>
				8255	</ul>
				8256	</li>
				8257	<li>Return Value:
				8258	<ul>
				8259
				8260	<li>a <tt>bigint</tt> value representing the number of items in the given collection,</li>
				8261	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>.</li>
				8262	</ul>
				8263	</li>
				8264	<li>
				8265
				8266	<p>Example:</p>
				8267
				8268	<div>
				8269	<div>
				8270	<pre class="source">strict_count( [1, 2, null, missing] );
				8271	</pre></div></div>
				8272	</li>
				8273	<li>
				8274
				8275	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				8276
				8277	<div>
				8278	<div>
				8279	<pre class="source">4
				8280	</pre></div></div>
				8281	</li>
				8282	</ul></div>
				8283	<div class="section">
				8284	<h3><a name="strict_avg"></a>strict_avg</h3>
				8285	<ul>
				8286
				8287	<li>
				8288
				8289	<p>Syntax:</p>
				8290
				8291	<div>
				8292	<div>
				8293	<pre class="source">strict_avg(num_collection)
				8294	</pre></div></div>
				8295	</li>
				8296	<li>
				8297
				8298	<p>Gets the average value of the numeric items in the given collection.</p>
				8299	</li>
				8300	<li>Arguments:
				8301	<ul>
				8302
				8303	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				8304	<ul>
				8305
				8306	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> containing numeric values, <tt>null</tt>s or <tt>missing</tt>s,</li>
				8307	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				8308	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				8309	</ul>
				8310	</li>
				8311	</ul>
				8312	</li>
				8313	<li>Return Value:
				8314	<ul>
				8315
				8316	<li>a <tt>double</tt> value representing the average of the numbers in the given collection,</li>
				8317	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				8318	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if there is a <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt> in the input collection,</li>
				8319	<li>any other non-numeric value in the input collection will cause a type error.</li>
				8320	</ul>
				8321	</li>
				8322	<li>
				8323
				8324	<p>Example:</p>
				8325
				8326	<div>
				8327	<div>
				8328	<pre class="source">strict_avg( [100, 200, 300] );
				8329	</pre></div></div>
				8330	</li>
				8331	<li>
				8332
				8333	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				8334
				8335	<div>
				8336	<div>
				8337	<pre class="source">200.0
				8338	</pre></div></div>
				8339	</li>
				8340	</ul></div>
				8341	<div class="section">
				8342	<h3><a name="strict_sum"></a>strict_sum</h3>
				8343	<ul>
				8344
				8345	<li>
				8346
				8347	<p>Syntax:</p>
				8348
				8349	<div>
				8350	<div>
				8351	<pre class="source">strict_sum(num_collection)
				8352	</pre></div></div>
				8353	</li>
				8354	<li>
				8355
				8356	<p>Gets the sum of the items in the given collection.</p>
				8357	</li>
				8358	<li>Arguments:
				8359	<ul>
				8360
				8361	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				8362	<ul>
				8363
				8364	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> containing numeric values, <tt>null</tt>s or <tt>missing</tt>s,</li>
				8365	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				8366	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				8367	</ul>
				8368	</li>
				8369	</ul>
				8370	</li>
				8371	<li>Return Value:
				8372	<ul>
				8373
				8374	<li>the sum of the numbers in the given collection. The returning type is decided by the item type with the highest order in the numeric type promotion order (<tt>tinyint</tt>-> <tt>smallint</tt>-><tt>integer</tt>-><tt>bigint</tt>-><tt>float</tt>-><tt>double</tt>) among items.</li>
				8375	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				8376	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if there is a <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt> in the input collection,</li>
				8377	<li>any other non-numeric value in the input collection will cause a type error.</li>
				8378	</ul>
				8379	</li>
				8380	<li>
				8381
				8382	<p>Example:</p>
				8383
				8384	<div>
				8385	<div>
				8386	<pre class="source">strict_sum( [100, 200, 300] );
				8387	</pre></div></div>
				8388	</li>
				8389	<li>
				8390
				8391	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				8392
				8393	<div>
				8394	<div>
				8395	<pre class="source">600
				8396	</pre></div></div>
				8397	</li>
				8398	</ul></div>
				8399	<div class="section">
				8400	<h3><a name="strict_min"></a>strict_min</h3>
				8401	<ul>
				8402
				8403	<li>
				8404
				8405	<p>Syntax:</p>
				8406
				8407	<div>
				8408	<div>
				8409	<pre class="source">strict_min(num_collection)
				8410	</pre></div></div>
				8411	</li>
				8412	<li>
				8413
				8414	<p>Gets the min value of comparable items in the given collection.</p>
				8415	</li>
				8416	<li>Arguments:
				8417	<ul>
				8418
				8419	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				8420	<ul>
				8421
				8422	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt>,</li>
				8423	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				8424	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				8425	</ul>
				8426	</li>
				8427	</ul>
				8428	</li>
				8429	<li>Return Value:
				8430	<ul>
				8431
				8432	<li>the min value of the given collection. The returning type is decided by the item type with the highest order in the type promotion order (<tt>tinyint</tt>-> <tt>smallint</tt>-><tt>integer</tt>-><tt>bigint</tt>-><tt>float</tt>-><tt>double</tt>) among numeric items.</li>
				8433	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				8434	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if there is a <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt> in the input collection,</li>
				8435	<li>multiple incomparable items in the input array or multiset will cause a type error,</li>
				8436	<li>any other non-array and non-multiset input value will cause a type error.</li>
				8437	</ul>
				8438	</li>
				8439	<li>
				8440
				8441	<p>Example:</p>
				8442
				8443	<div>
				8444	<div>
				8445	<pre class="source">strict_min( [10.2, 100, 5] );
				8446	</pre></div></div>
				8447	</li>
				8448	<li>
				8449
				8450	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				8451
				8452	<div>
				8453	<div>
				8454	<pre class="source">5.0
				8455	</pre></div></div>
				8456	</li>
				8457	</ul></div>
				8458	<div class="section">
				8459	<h3><a name="strict_max"></a>strict_max</h3>
				8460	<ul>
				8461
				8462	<li>
				8463
				8464	<p>Syntax:</p>
				8465
				8466	<div>
				8467	<div>
				8468	<pre class="source">strict_max(num_collection)
				8469	</pre></div></div>
				8470	</li>
				8471	<li>
				8472
				8473	<p>Gets the max value of numeric items in the given collection.</p>
				8474	</li>
				8475	<li>Arguments:
				8476	<ul>
				8477
				8478	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				8479	<ul>
				8480
				8481	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt>,</li>
				8482	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				8483	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				8484	</ul>
				8485	</li>
				8486	</ul>
				8487	</li>
				8488	<li>Return Value:
				8489	<ul>
				8490
				8491	<li>The max value of the given collection. The returning type is decided by the item type with the highest order in the type promotion order (<tt>tinyint</tt>-> <tt>smallint</tt>-><tt>integer</tt>-><tt>bigint</tt>-><tt>float</tt>-><tt>double</tt>) among numeric items.</li>
				8492	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				8493	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if there is a <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt> in the input collection,</li>
				8494	<li>multiple incomparable items in the input array or multiset will cause a type error,</li>
				8495	<li>any other non-array and non-multiset input value will cause a type error.</li>
				8496	</ul>
				8497	</li>
				8498	<li>
				8499
				8500	<p>Example:</p>
				8501
				8502	<div>
				8503	<div>
				8504	<pre class="source">strict_max( [10.2, 100, 5] );
				8505	</pre></div></div>
				8506	</li>
				8507	<li>
				8508
				8509	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				8510
				8511	<div>
				8512	<div>
				8513	<pre class="source">100.0
				8514	</pre></div></div>
				8515	</li>
				8516	</ul></div>
				8517	<div class="section">
				8518	<h3><a name="strict_stddev_samp"></a>strict_stddev_samp</h3>
				8519	<ul>
				8520
				8521	<li>
				8522
				8523	<p>Syntax:</p>
				8524
				8525	<div>
				8526	<div>
				8527	<pre class="source">strict_stddev_samp(num_collection)
				8528	</pre></div></div>
				8529	</li>
				8530	<li>
				8531
				8532	<p>Gets the sample standard deviation value of the numeric items in the given collection.</p>
				8533	</li>
				8534	<li>Arguments:
				8535	<ul>
				8536
				8537	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				8538	<ul>
				8539
				8540	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> containing numeric values, <tt>null</tt>s or <tt>missing</tt>s,</li>
				8541	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				8542	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				8543	</ul>
				8544	</li>
				8545	</ul>
				8546	</li>
				8547	<li>Return Value:
				8548	<ul>
				8549
				8550	<li>a <tt>double</tt> value representing the sample standard deviation of the numbers in the given collection,</li>
				8551	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				8552	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if there is a <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt> in the input collection,</li>
				8553	<li>any other non-numeric value in the input collection will cause a type error.</li>
				8554	</ul>
				8555	</li>
				8556	<li>
				8557
				8558	<p>Example:</p>
				8559
				8560	<div>
				8561	<div>
				8562	<pre class="source">strict_stddev_samp( [100, 200, 300] );
				8563	</pre></div></div>
				8564	</li>
				8565	<li>
				8566
				8567	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				8568
				8569	<div>
				8570	<div>
				8571	<pre class="source">100.0
				8572	</pre></div></div>
				8573	</li>
				8574	</ul></div>
				8575	<div class="section">
				8576	<h3><a name="strict_stddev_pop"></a>strict_stddev_pop</h3>
				8577	<ul>
				8578
				8579	<li>
				8580
				8581	<p>Syntax:</p>
				8582
				8583	<div>
				8584	<div>
				8585	<pre class="source">strict_stddev_pop(num_collection)
				8586	</pre></div></div>
				8587	</li>
				8588	<li>
				8589
				8590	<p>Gets the population standard deviation value of the numeric items in the given collection.</p>
				8591	</li>
				8592	<li>Arguments:
				8593	<ul>
				8594
				8595	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				8596	<ul>
				8597
				8598	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> containing numeric values, <tt>null</tt>s or <tt>missing</tt>s,</li>
				8599	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				8600	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				8601	</ul>
				8602	</li>
				8603	</ul>
				8604	</li>
				8605	<li>Return Value:
				8606	<ul>
				8607
				8608	<li>a <tt>double</tt> value representing the population standard deviation of the numbers in the given collection,</li>
				8609	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				8610	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if there is a <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt> in the input collection,</li>
				8611	<li>any other non-numeric value in the input collection will cause a type error.</li>
				8612	</ul>
				8613	</li>
				8614	<li>
				8615
				8616	<p>Example:</p>
				8617
				8618	<div>
				8619	<div>
				8620	<pre class="source">strict_stddev_pop( [100, 200, 300] );
				8621	</pre></div></div>
				8622	</li>
				8623	<li>
				8624
				8625	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				8626
				8627	<div>
				8628	<div>
				8629	<pre class="source">81.64965809277261
				8630	</pre></div></div>
				8631	</li>
				8632	</ul></div>
				8633	<div class="section">
				8634	<h3><a name="strict_var_samp"></a>strict_var_samp</h3>
				8635	<ul>
				8636
				8637	<li>
				8638
				8639	<p>Syntax:</p>
				8640
				8641	<div>
				8642	<div>
				8643	<pre class="source">strict_var_samp(num_collection)
				8644	</pre></div></div>
				8645	</li>
				8646	<li>
				8647
				8648	<p>Gets the sample variance value of the numeric items in the given collection.</p>
				8649	</li>
				8650	<li>Arguments:
				8651	<ul>
				8652
				8653	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				8654	<ul>
				8655
				8656	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> containing numeric values, <tt>null</tt>s or <tt>missing</tt>s,</li>
				8657	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				8658	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				8659	</ul>
				8660	</li>
				8661	</ul>
				8662	</li>
				8663	<li>Return Value:
				8664	<ul>
				8665
				8666	<li>a <tt>double</tt> value representing the sample variance of the numbers in the given collection,</li>
				8667	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				8668	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if there is a <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt> in the input collection,</li>
				8669	<li>any other non-numeric value in the input collection will cause a type error.</li>
				8670	</ul>
				8671	</li>
				8672	<li>
				8673
				8674	<p>Example:</p>
				8675
				8676	<div>
				8677	<div>
				8678	<pre class="source">strict_var_samp( [100, 200, 300] );
				8679	</pre></div></div>
				8680	</li>
				8681	<li>
				8682
				8683	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				8684
				8685	<div>
				8686	<div>
				8687	<pre class="source">10000.0
				8688	</pre></div></div>
				8689	</li>
				8690	</ul></div>
				8691	<div class="section">
				8692	<h3><a name="strict_var_pop"></a>strict_var_pop</h3>
				8693	<ul>
				8694
				8695	<li>
				8696
				8697	<p>Syntax:</p>
				8698
				8699	<div>
				8700	<div>
				8701	<pre class="source">strict_var_pop(num_collection)
				8702	</pre></div></div>
				8703	</li>
				8704	<li>
				8705
				8706	<p>Gets the population variance value of the numeric items in the given collection.</p>
				8707	</li>
				8708	<li>Arguments:
				8709	<ul>
				8710
				8711	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				8712	<ul>
				8713
				8714	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> containing numeric values, <tt>null</tt>s or <tt>missing</tt>s,</li>
				8715	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				8716	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				8717	</ul>
				8718	</li>
				8719	</ul>
				8720	</li>
				8721	<li>Return Value:
				8722	<ul>
				8723
				8724	<li>a <tt>double</tt> value representing the population variance of the numbers in the given collection,</li>
				8725	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				8726	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if there is a <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt> in the input collection,</li>
				8727	<li>any other non-numeric value in the input collection will cause a type error.</li>
				8728	</ul>
				8729	</li>
				8730	<li>
				8731
				8732	<p>Example:</p>
				8733
				8734	<div>
				8735	<div>
				8736	<pre class="source">strict_var_pop( [100, 200, 300] );
				8737	</pre></div></div>
				8738	</li>
				8739	<li>
				8740
				8741	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				8742
				8743	<div>
				8744	<div>
				8745	<pre class="source">6666.666666666667
				8746	</pre></div></div>
				8747	</li>
				8748	</ul></div>
				8749	<div class="section">
				8750	<h3><a name="strict_skewness"></a>strict_skewness</h3>
				8751	<ul>
				8752
				8753	<li>
				8754
				8755	<p>Syntax:</p>
				8756
				8757	<div>
				8758	<div>
				8759	<pre class="source">strict_skewness(num_collection)
				8760	</pre></div></div>
				8761	</li>
				8762	<li>
				8763
				8764	<p>Gets the skewness value of the numeric items in the given collection.</p>
				8765	</li>
				8766	<li>Arguments:
				8767	<ul>
				8768
				8769	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				8770	<ul>
				8771
				8772	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> containing numeric values, <tt>null</tt>s or <tt>missing</tt>s,</li>
				8773	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				8774	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				8775	</ul>
				8776	</li>
				8777	</ul>
				8778	</li>
				8779	<li>Return Value:
				8780	<ul>
				8781
				8782	<li>a <tt>double</tt> value representing the skewness of the numbers in the given collection,</li>
				8783	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				8784	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if there is a <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt> in the input collection,</li>
				8785	<li>any other non-numeric value in the input collection will cause a type error.</li>
				8786	</ul>
				8787	</li>
				8788	<li>
				8789
				8790	<p>Example:</p>
				8791
				8792	<div>
				8793	<div>
				8794	<pre class="source">strict_skewness( [100, 200, 300] );
				8795	</pre></div></div>
				8796	</li>
				8797	<li>
				8798
				8799	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				8800
				8801	<div>
				8802	<div>
				8803	<pre class="source">0.0
				8804	</pre></div></div>
				8805	</li>
				8806	</ul></div>
				8807	<div class="section">
				8808	<h3><a name="strict_kurtosis"></a>strict_kurtosis</h3>
				8809	<ul>
				8810
				8811	<li>
				8812
				8813	<p>Syntax:</p>
				8814
				8815	<div>
				8816	<div>
				8817	<pre class="source">strict_kurtosis(num_collection)
				8818	</pre></div></div>
				8819	</li>
				8820	<li>
				8821
				8822	<p>Gets the kurtosis value from the normal distribution of the numeric items in the given collection.</p>
				8823	</li>
				8824	<li>Arguments:
				8825	<ul>
				8826
				8827	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				8828	<ul>
				8829
				8830	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> containing numeric values, <tt>null</tt>s or <tt>missing</tt>s,</li>
				8831	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				8832	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				8833	</ul>
				8834	</li>
				8835	</ul>
				8836	</li>
				8837	<li>Return Value:
				8838	<ul>
				8839
				8840	<li>a <tt>double</tt> value representing the kurtosis from a normal distribution of the numbers in the given collection,</li>
				8841	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				8842	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if there is a <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt> in the input collection,</li>
				8843	<li>any other non-numeric value in the input collection will cause a type error.</li>
				8844	</ul>
				8845	</li>
				8846	<li>
				8847
				8848	<p>Example:</p>
				8849
				8850	<div>
				8851	<div>
				8852	<pre class="source">strict_kurtosis( [100, 200, 300] );
				8853	</pre></div></div>
				8854	</li>
				8855	<li>
				8856
				8857	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				8858
				8859	<div>
				8860	<div>
				8861	<pre class="source">-1.5
				8862	</pre></div></div>
				8863	</li>
				8864	</ul><!--
				8865	! Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
				8866	! or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
				8867	! distributed with this work for additional information
				8868	! regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
				8869	! to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
				8870	! "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
				8871	! with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
				8872	!
				8873	! http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
				8874	!
				8875	! Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
				8876	! software distributed under the License is distributed on an
				8877	! "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
				8878	! KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
				8879	! specific language governing permissions and limitations
				8880	! under the License.
				8881	!-->
				8882	</div></div>
				8883	<div class="section">
				8884	<h2><a name="Comparison_Functions"></a><a name="ComparisonFunctions" id="ComparisonFunctions">Comparison Functions</a></h2>
				8885	<div class="section">
				8886	<h3><a name="greatest"></a>greatest</h3>
				8887	<ul>
				8888
				8889	<li>
				8890
				8891	<p>Syntax:</p>
				8892
				8893	<div>
				8894	<div>
				8895	<pre class="source">greatest(numeric_value1, numeric_value2, ...)
				8896	</pre></div></div>
				8897	</li>
				8898	<li>
				8899
				8900	<p>Computes the greatest value among arguments.</p>
				8901	</li>
				8902	<li>Arguments:
				8903	<ul>
				8904
				8905	<li><tt>numeric_value1</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value,</li>
				8906	<li><tt>numeric_value2</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value,</li>
				8907	<li>….</li>
				8908	</ul>
				8909	</li>
				8910	<li>Return Value:
				8911	<ul>
				8912
				8913	<li>the greatest values among arguments. The returning type is decided by the item type with the highest order in the numeric type promotion order (<tt>tinyint</tt>-> <tt>smallint</tt>-><tt>integer</tt>-><tt>bigint</tt>-><tt>float</tt>-><tt>double</tt>) among items.</li>
				8914	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value or <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				8915	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				8916	</ul>
				8917	</li>
				8918	<li>
				8919
				8920	<p>Example:</p>
				8921
				8922	<div>
				8923	<div>
				8924	<pre class="source">{ "v1": greatest(1, 2, 3), "v2": greatest(float("0.5"), double("-0.5"), 5000) };
				8925	</pre></div></div>
				8926	</li>
				8927	<li>
				8928
				8929	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				8930
				8931	<div>
				8932	<div>
				8933	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 3, "v2": 5000.0 }
				8934	</pre></div></div>
				8935	</li>
				8936	</ul></div>
				8937	<div class="section">
				8938	<h3><a name="least"></a>least</h3>
				8939	<ul>
				8940
				8941	<li>
				8942
				8943	<p>Syntax:</p>
				8944
				8945	<div>
				8946	<div>
				8947	<pre class="source">least(numeric_value1, numeric_value2, ...)
				8948	</pre></div></div>
				8949	</li>
				8950	<li>
				8951
				8952	<p>Computes the least value among arguments.</p>
				8953	</li>
				8954	<li>Arguments:
				8955	<ul>
				8956
				8957	<li><tt>numeric_value1</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value,</li>
				8958	<li><tt>numeric_value2</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value,</li>
				8959	<li>….</li>
				8960	</ul>
				8961	</li>
				8962	<li>Return Value:
				8963	<ul>
				8964
				8965	<li>the least values among arguments. The returning type is decided by the item type with the highest order in the numeric type promotion order (<tt>tinyint</tt>-> <tt>smallint</tt>-><tt>integer</tt>-><tt>bigint</tt>-><tt>float</tt>-><tt>double</tt>) among items.</li>
				8966	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value or <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				8967	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				8968	</ul>
				8969	</li>
				8970	<li>
				8971
				8972	<p>Example:</p>
				8973
				8974	<div>
				8975	<div>
				8976	<pre class="source">{ "v1": least(1, 2, 3), "v2": least(float("0.5"), double("-0.5"), 5000) };
				8977	</pre></div></div>
				8978	</li>
				8979	<li>
				8980
				8981	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				8982
				8983	<div>
				8984	<div>
				8985	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 1, "v2": -0.5 }
				8986	</pre></div></div>
				8987	</li>
				8988	</ul><!--
				8989	! Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
				8990	! or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
				8991	! distributed with this work for additional information
				8992	! regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
				8993	! to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
				8994	! "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
				8995	! with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
				8996	!
				8997	! http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
				8998	!
				8999	! Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
				9000	! software distributed under the License is distributed on an
				9001	! "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
				9002	! KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
				9003	! specific language governing permissions and limitations
				9004	! under the License.
				9005	!-->
				9006	</div></div>
				9007	<div class="section">
				9008	<h2><a name="Type_Functions"></a><a name="TypeFunctions" id="TypeFunctions">Type Functions</a></h2>
				9009	<div class="section">
				9010	<h3><a name="get_type"></a>get_type</h3>
				9011	<ul>
				9012
				9013	<li>
				9014
				9015	<p>Syntax:</p>
				9016
				9017	<div>
				9018	<div>
				9019	<pre class="source">get_type(expr)
				9020	</pre></div></div>
				9021	</li>
				9022	<li>
				9023
				9024	<p>Returns a string describing the type of the given <tt>expr</tt>. This includes incomplete information types (i.e. <tt>missing</tt> and <tt>null</tt>).</p>
				9025	</li>
				9026	<li>Arguments:
				9027	<ul>
				9028
				9029	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				9030	</ul>
				9031	</li>
				9032	<li>
				9033
				9034	<p>Example:</p>
				9035
				9036	<div>
				9037	<div>
				9038	<pre class="source">{
				9039	"a": get_type(true),
				9040	"b": get_type(false),
				9041	"c": get_type(null),
				9042	"d": get_type(missing),
				9043	"e": get_type("d"),
				9044	"f": gettype(4.0),
				9045	"g": gettype(5),
				9046	"h": gettype(["1", 2]),
				9047	"i": gettype({"a":1})
				9048	};
				9049	</pre></div></div>
				9050	</li>
				9051	<li>
				9052
				9053	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				9054
				9055	<div>
				9056	<div>
				9057	<pre class="source">{ "a": "boolean", "b": "boolean", "c": "null", "d": "missing", "e": "string", "f": "double", "g": "bigint", "h": "array", "i": "object" }
				9058	</pre></div></div>
				9059	</li>
				9060	</ul>
				9061	<p>The function has an alias <tt>gettype</tt>.</p></div>
				9062	<div class="section">
				9063	<h3><a name="is_array"></a>is_array</h3>
				9064	<ul>
				9065
				9066	<li>
				9067
				9068	<p>Syntax:</p>
				9069
				9070	<div>
				9071	<div>
				9072	<pre class="source">is_array(expr)
				9073	</pre></div></div>
				9074	</li>
				9075	<li>
				9076
				9077	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be an <tt>array</tt> value.</p>
				9078	</li>
				9079	<li>Arguments:
				9080	<ul>
				9081
				9082	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				9083	</ul>
				9084	</li>
				9085	<li>Return Value:
				9086	<ul>
				9087
				9088	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is an <tt>array</tt> value or not,</li>
				9089	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				9090	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				9091	</ul>
				9092	</li>
				9093	<li>
				9094
				9095	<p>Example:</p>
				9096
				9097	<div>
				9098	<div>
				9099	<pre class="source">{
				9100	"a": is_array(true),
				9101	"b": is_array(false),
				9102	"c": isarray(null),
				9103	"d": isarray(missing),
				9104	"e": isarray("d"),
				9105	"f": isarray(4.0),
				9106	"g": isarray(5),
				9107	"h": isarray(["1", 2]),
				9108	"i": isarray({"a":1})
				9109	};
				9110	</pre></div></div>
				9111	</li>
				9112	<li>
				9113
				9114	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				9115
				9116	<div>
				9117	<div>
				9118	<pre class="source">{ "a": false, "b": false, "c": null, "e": false, "f": false, "g": false, "h": true, "i": false }
				9119	</pre></div></div>
				9120	</li>
				9121	</ul>
				9122	<p>The function has an alias <tt>isarray</tt>.</p></div>
				9123	<div class="section">
				9124	<h3><a name="is_multiset"></a>is_multiset</h3>
				9125	<ul>
				9126
				9127	<li>
				9128
				9129	<p>Syntax:</p>
				9130
				9131	<div>
				9132	<div>
				9133	<pre class="source">is_multiset(expr)
				9134	</pre></div></div>
				9135	</li>
				9136	<li>
				9137
				9138	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be an <tt>multiset</tt> value.</p>
				9139	</li>
				9140	<li>Arguments:
				9141	<ul>
				9142
				9143	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				9144	</ul>
				9145	</li>
				9146	<li>Return Value:
				9147	<ul>
				9148
				9149	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is an <tt>multiset</tt> value or not,</li>
				9150	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				9151	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				9152	</ul>
				9153	</li>
				9154	<li>
				9155
				9156	<p>Example:</p>
				9157
				9158	<div>
				9159	<div>
				9160	<pre class="source">{
				9161	"a": is_multiset(true),
				9162	"b": is_multiset(false),
				9163	"c": is_multiset(null),
				9164	"d": is_multiset(missing),
				9165	"e": is_multiset("d"),
				9166	"f": ismultiset(4.0),
				9167	"g": ismultiset(["1", 2]),
				9168	"h": ismultiset({"a":1}),
				9169	"i": ismultiset({{"hello", 9328, "world", [1, 2, null]}})
				9170	};
				9171	</pre></div></div>
				9172	</li>
				9173	<li>
				9174
				9175	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				9176
				9177	<div>
				9178	<div>
				9179	<pre class="source">{ "a": false, "b": false, "c": null, "e": false, "f": false, "g": false, "h": false, "i": true }
				9180	</pre></div></div>
				9181	</li>
				9182	</ul>
				9183	<p>The function has an alias <tt>ismultiset</tt>.</p></div>
				9184	<div class="section">
				9185	<h3><a name="is_atomic_.28is_atom.29"></a>is_atomic (is_atom)</h3>
				9186	<ul>
				9187
				9188	<li>
				9189
				9190	<p>Syntax:</p>
				9191
				9192	<div>
				9193	<div>
				9194	<pre class="source">is_atomic(expr)
				9195	</pre></div></div>
				9196	</li>
				9197	<li>
				9198
				9199	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a value of a <a href="../datamodel.html#PrimitiveTypes">primitive</a> type.</p>
				9200	</li>
				9201	<li>Arguments:
				9202	<ul>
				9203
				9204	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				9205	</ul>
				9206	</li>
				9207	<li>Return Value:
				9208	<ul>
				9209
				9210	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a primitive type or not,</li>
				9211	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				9212	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				9213	</ul>
				9214	</li>
				9215	<li>
				9216
				9217	<p>Example:</p>
				9218
				9219	<div>
				9220	<div>
				9221	<pre class="source">{
				9222	"a": is_atomic(true),
				9223	"b": is_atomic(false),
				9224	"c": isatomic(null),
				9225	"d": isatomic(missing),
				9226	"e": isatomic("d"),
				9227	"f": isatom(4.0),
				9228	"g": isatom(5),
				9229	"h": isatom(["1", 2]),
				9230	"i": isatom({"a":1})
				9231	};
				9232	</pre></div></div>
				9233	</li>
				9234	<li>
				9235
				9236	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				9237
				9238	<div>
				9239	<div>
				9240	<pre class="source">{ "a": true, "b": true, "c": null, "e": true, "f": true, "g": true, "h": false, "i": false }
				9241	</pre></div></div>
				9242	</li>
				9243	</ul>
				9244	<p>The function has three aliases: <tt>isatomic</tt>, <tt>is_atom</tt>, and <tt>isatom</tt>.</p></div>
				9245	<div class="section">
				9246	<h3><a name="is_boolean_.28is_bool.29"></a>is_boolean (is_bool)</h3>
				9247	<ul>
				9248
				9249	<li>
				9250
				9251	<p>Syntax:</p>
				9252
				9253	<div>
				9254	<div>
				9255	<pre class="source">is_boolean(expr)
				9256	</pre></div></div>
				9257	</li>
				9258	<li>
				9259
				9260	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a <tt>boolean</tt> value.</p>
				9261	</li>
				9262	<li>Arguments:
				9263	<ul>
				9264
				9265	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				9266	</ul>
				9267	</li>
				9268	<li>Return Value:
				9269	<ul>
				9270
				9271	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a <tt>boolean</tt> value or not,</li>
				9272	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				9273	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				9274	</ul>
				9275	</li>
				9276	<li>
				9277
				9278	<p>Example:</p>
				9279
				9280	<div>
				9281	<div>
				9282	<pre class="source">{
				9283	"a": isboolean(true),
				9284	"b": isboolean(false),
				9285	"c": is_boolean(null),
				9286	"d": is_boolean(missing),
				9287	"e": isbool("d"),
				9288	"f": isbool(4.0),
				9289	"g": isbool(5),
				9290	"h": isbool(["1", 2]),
				9291	"i": isbool({"a":1})
				9292	};
				9293	</pre></div></div>
				9294	</li>
				9295	<li>
				9296
				9297	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				9298
				9299	<div>
				9300	<div>
				9301	<pre class="source">{ "a": true, "b": true, "c": null, "e": false, "f": false, "g": false, "h": false, "i": false }
				9302	</pre></div></div>
				9303	</li>
				9304	</ul>
				9305	<p>The function has three aliases: <tt>isboolean</tt>, <tt>is_bool</tt>, and <tt>isbool</tt>.</p></div>
				9306	<div class="section">
				9307	<h3><a name="is_binary_.28is_bin.29"></a>is_binary (is_bin)</h3>
				9308	<ul>
				9309
				9310	<li>
				9311
				9312	<p>Syntax:</p>
				9313
				9314	<div>
				9315	<div>
				9316	<pre class="source">is_binary(expr)
				9317	</pre></div></div>
				9318	</li>
				9319	<li>
				9320
				9321	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a <tt>binary</tt> value.</p>
				9322	</li>
				9323	<li>Arguments:
				9324	<ul>
				9325
				9326	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				9327	</ul>
				9328	</li>
				9329	<li>Return Value:
				9330	<ul>
				9331
				9332	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a <tt>binary</tt> value or not,</li>
				9333	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				9334	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				9335	</ul>
				9336	</li>
				9337	<li>
				9338
				9339	<p>Example:</p>
				9340
				9341	<div>
				9342	<div>
				9343	<pre class="source">{
				9344	"a": is_binary(true),
				9345	"b": is_binary(false),
				9346	"c": isbinary(null),
				9347	"d": isbinary(missing),
				9348	"e": isbin(point("1,2")),
				9349	"f": isbin(hex("ABCDEF0123456789")),
				9350	"g": is_bin(sub_binary(hex("AABBCCDD"), 4)),
				9351	"h": is_bin(2),
				9352	"i": is_bin({"a":1})
				9353	};
				9354	</pre></div></div>
				9355	</li>
				9356	<li>
				9357
				9358	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				9359
				9360	<div>
				9361	<div>
				9362	<pre class="source">{ "a": false, "b": false, "c": null, "e": false, "f": true, "g": true, "h": false, "i": false }
				9363	</pre></div></div>
				9364	</li>
				9365	</ul>
				9366	<p>The function has three aliases: <tt>isbinary</tt>, <tt>is_bin</tt>, and <tt>isbin</tt>.</p></div>
				9367	<div class="section">
				9368	<h3><a name="is_number_.28is_num.29"></a>is_number (is_num)</h3>
				9369	<ul>
				9370
				9371	<li>
				9372
				9373	<p>Syntax:</p>
				9374
				9375	<div>
				9376	<div>
				9377	<pre class="source">is_number(expr)
				9378	</pre></div></div>
				9379	</li>
				9380	<li>
				9381
				9382	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a numeric value.</p>
				9383	</li>
				9384	<li>Arguments:
				9385	<ul>
				9386
				9387	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				9388	</ul>
				9389	</li>
				9390	<li>Return Value:
				9391	<ul>
				9392
				9393	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a <tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value or not,</li>
				9394	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				9395	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				9396	</ul>
				9397	</li>
				9398	<li>
				9399
				9400	<p>Example:</p>
				9401
				9402	<div>
				9403	<div>
				9404	<pre class="source">{
				9405	"a": is_number(true),
				9406	"b": is_number(false),
				9407	"c": isnumber(null),
				9408	"d": isnumber(missing),
				9409	"e": isnumber("d"),
				9410	"f": isnum(4.0),
				9411	"g": isnum(5),
				9412	"h": isnum(["1", 2]),
				9413	"i": isnum({"a":1})
				9414	};
				9415	</pre></div></div>
				9416	</li>
				9417	<li>
				9418
				9419	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				9420
				9421	<div>
				9422	<div>
				9423	<pre class="source">{ "a": false, "b": false, "c": null, "e": false, "f": true, "g": true, "h": false, "i": false }
				9424	</pre></div></div>
				9425	</li>
				9426	</ul>
				9427	<p>The function has three aliases: <tt>isnumber</tt>, <tt>is_num</tt>, and <tt>isnum</tt>.</p></div>
				9428	<div class="section">
				9429	<h3><a name="is_point"></a>is_point</h3>
				9430	<ul>
				9431
				9432	<li>
				9433
				9434	<p>Syntax:</p>
				9435
				9436	<div>
				9437	<div>
				9438	<pre class="source">is_point(expr)
				9439	</pre></div></div>
				9440	</li>
				9441	<li>
				9442
				9443	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a <tt>point</tt> value.</p>
				9444	</li>
				9445	<li>Arguments:
				9446	<ul>
				9447
				9448	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				9449	</ul>
				9450	</li>
				9451	<li>Return Value:
				9452	<ul>
				9453
				9454	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a <tt>point</tt> value or not,</li>
				9455	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				9456	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				9457	</ul>
				9458	</li>
				9459	<li>
				9460
				9461	<p>Example:</p>
				9462
				9463	<div>
				9464	<div>
				9465	<pre class="source">{
				9466	"a": is_point(true),
				9467	"b": is_point(false),
				9468	"c": is_point(null),
				9469	"d": is_point(missing),
				9470	"e": is_point(point("1,2")),
				9471	"f": ispoint(line("30.0,70.0 50.0,90.0")),
				9472	"g": ispoint(rectangle("30.0,70.0 50.0,90.0")),
				9473	"h": ispoint(circle("30.0,70.0 5.0")),
				9474	"i": ispoint(polygon("1.0,1.0 2.0,2.0 3.0,3.0 4.0,4.0")),
				9475	"j": ispoint(3)
				9476	};
				9477	</pre></div></div>
				9478	</li>
				9479	<li>
				9480
				9481	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				9482
				9483	<div>
				9484	<div>
				9485	<pre class="source">{ "a": false, "b": false, "c": null, "e": true, "f": false, "g": false, "h": false, "i": false, "j": false }
				9486	</pre></div></div>
				9487	</li>
				9488	</ul>
				9489	<p>The function has an alias <tt>ispoint</tt>.</p></div>
				9490	<div class="section">
				9491	<h3><a name="is_line"></a>is_line</h3>
				9492	<ul>
				9493
				9494	<li>
				9495
				9496	<p>Syntax:</p>
				9497
				9498	<div>
				9499	<div>
				9500	<pre class="source">is_line(expr)
				9501	</pre></div></div>
				9502	</li>
				9503	<li>
				9504
				9505	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a <tt>line</tt> value.</p>
				9506	</li>
				9507	<li>Arguments:
				9508	<ul>
				9509
				9510	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				9511	</ul>
				9512	</li>
				9513	<li>Return Value:
				9514	<ul>
				9515
				9516	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a <tt>line</tt> value or not,</li>
				9517	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				9518	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				9519	</ul>
				9520	</li>
				9521	<li>
				9522
				9523	<p>Example:</p>
				9524
				9525	<div>
				9526	<div>
				9527	<pre class="source">{
				9528	"a": is_line(true),
				9529	"b": is_line(false),
				9530	"c": is_line(null),
				9531	"d": is_line(missing),
				9532	"e": is_line(point("1,2")),
				9533	"f": isline(line("30.0,70.0 50.0,90.0")),
				9534	"g": isline(rectangle("30.0,70.0 50.0,90.0")),
				9535	"h": isline(circle("30.0,70.0 5.0")),
				9536	"i": isline(polygon("1.0,1.0 2.0,2.0 3.0,3.0 4.0,4.0")),
				9537	"j": isline(3)
				9538	};
				9539	</pre></div></div>
				9540	</li>
				9541	<li>
				9542
				9543	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				9544
				9545	<div>
				9546	<div>
				9547	<pre class="source">{ "a": false, "b": false, "c": null, "e": false, "f": true, "g": false, "h": false, "i": false, "j": false }
				9548	</pre></div></div>
				9549	</li>
				9550	</ul>
				9551	<p>The function has an alias <tt>isline</tt>.</p></div>
				9552	<div class="section">
				9553	<h3><a name="is_rectangle"></a>is_rectangle</h3>
				9554	<ul>
				9555
				9556	<li>
				9557
				9558	<p>Syntax:</p>
				9559
				9560	<div>
				9561	<div>
				9562	<pre class="source">is_rectangle(expr)
				9563	</pre></div></div>
				9564	</li>
				9565	<li>
				9566
				9567	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a <tt>rectangle</tt> value.</p>
				9568	</li>
				9569	<li>Arguments:
				9570	<ul>
				9571
				9572	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				9573	</ul>
				9574	</li>
				9575	<li>Return Value:
				9576	<ul>
				9577
				9578	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a <tt>rectangle</tt> value or not,</li>
				9579	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				9580	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				9581	</ul>
				9582	</li>
				9583	<li>
				9584
				9585	<p>Example:</p>
				9586
				9587	<div>
				9588	<div>
				9589	<pre class="source">{
				9590	"a": is_rectangle(true),
				9591	"b": is_rectangle(false),
				9592	"c": is_rectangle(null),
				9593	"d": is_rectangle(missing),
				9594	"e": is_rectangle(point("1,2")),
				9595	"f": isrectangle(line("30.0,70.0 50.0,90.0")),
				9596	"g": isrectangle(rectangle("30.0,70.0 50.0,90.0")),
				9597	"h": isrectangle(circle("30.0,70.0 5.0")),
				9598	"i": isrectangle(polygon("1.0,1.0 2.0,2.0 3.0,3.0 4.0,4.0")),
				9599	"j": isrectangle(3)
				9600	};
				9601	</pre></div></div>
				9602	</li>
				9603	<li>
				9604
				9605	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				9606
				9607	<div>
				9608	<div>
				9609	<pre class="source">{ "a": false, "b": false, "c": null, "e": false, "f": false, "g": true, "h": false, "i": false, "j": false }
				9610	</pre></div></div>
				9611	</li>
				9612	</ul>
				9613	<p>The function has an alias <tt>isrectangle</tt>.</p></div>
				9614	<div class="section">
				9615	<h3><a name="is_circle"></a>is_circle</h3>
				9616	<ul>
				9617
				9618	<li>
				9619
				9620	<p>Syntax:</p>
				9621
				9622	<div>
				9623	<div>
				9624	<pre class="source">is_circle(expr)
				9625	</pre></div></div>
				9626	</li>
				9627	<li>
				9628
				9629	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a <tt>circle</tt> value.</p>
				9630	</li>
				9631	<li>Arguments:
				9632	<ul>
				9633
				9634	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				9635	</ul>
				9636	</li>
				9637	<li>Return Value:
				9638	<ul>
				9639
				9640	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a <tt>circle</tt> value or not,</li>
				9641	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				9642	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				9643	</ul>
				9644	</li>
				9645	<li>
				9646
				9647	<p>Example:</p>
				9648
				9649	<div>
				9650	<div>
				9651	<pre class="source">{
				9652	"a": is_circle(true),
				9653	"b": is_circle(false),
				9654	"c": is_circle(null),
				9655	"d": is_circle(missing),
				9656	"e": is_circle(point("1,2")),
				9657	"f": iscircle(line("30.0,70.0 50.0,90.0")),
				9658	"g": iscircle(rectangle("30.0,70.0 50.0,90.0")),
				9659	"h": iscircle(circle("30.0,70.0 5.0")),
				9660	"i": iscircle(polygon("1.0,1.0 2.0,2.0 3.0,3.0 4.0,4.0")),
				9661	"j": iscircle(3)
				9662	};
				9663	</pre></div></div>
				9664	</li>
				9665	<li>
				9666
				9667	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				9668
				9669	<div>
				9670	<div>
				9671	<pre class="source">{ "a": false, "b": false, "c": null, "e": false, "f": false, "g": false, "h": true, "i": false, "j": false }
				9672	</pre></div></div>
				9673	</li>
				9674	</ul>
				9675	<p>The function has an alias <tt>iscircle</tt>.</p></div>
				9676	<div class="section">
				9677	<h3><a name="is_polygon"></a>is_polygon</h3>
				9678	<ul>
				9679
				9680	<li>
				9681
				9682	<p>Syntax:</p>
				9683
				9684	<div>
				9685	<div>
				9686	<pre class="source">is_polygon(expr)
				9687	</pre></div></div>
				9688	</li>
				9689	<li>
				9690
				9691	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a <tt>polygon</tt> value.</p>
				9692	</li>
				9693	<li>Arguments:
				9694	<ul>
				9695
				9696	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				9697	</ul>
				9698	</li>
				9699	<li>Return Value:
				9700	<ul>
				9701
				9702	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a <tt>polygon</tt> value or not,</li>
				9703	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				9704	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				9705	</ul>
				9706	</li>
				9707	<li>
				9708
				9709	<p>Example:</p>
				9710
				9711	<div>
				9712	<div>
				9713	<pre class="source">{
				9714	"a": is_polygon(true),
				9715	"b": is_polygon(false),
				9716	"c": is_polygon(null),
				9717	"d": is_polygon(missing),
				9718	"e": is_polygon(point("1,2")),
				9719	"f": ispolygon(line("30.0,70.0 50.0,90.0")),
				9720	"g": ispolygon(rectangle("30.0,70.0 50.0,90.0")),
				9721	"h": ispolygon(circle("30.0,70.0 5.0")),
				9722	"i": ispolygon(polygon("1.0,1.0 2.0,2.0 3.0,3.0 4.0,4.0")),
				9723	"j": ispolygon(3)
				9724	};
				9725	</pre></div></div>
				9726	</li>
				9727	<li>
				9728
				9729	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				9730
				9731	<div>
				9732	<div>
				9733	<pre class="source">{ "a": false, "b": false, "c": null, "e": false, "f": false, "g": false, "h": false, "i": true, "j": false }
				9734	</pre></div></div>
				9735	</li>
				9736	</ul>
				9737	<p>The function has an alias <tt>ispolygon</tt>.</p></div>
				9738	<div class="section">
				9739	<h3><a name="is_spatial"></a>is_spatial</h3>
				9740	<ul>
				9741
				9742	<li>
				9743
				9744	<p>Syntax:</p>
				9745
				9746	<div>
				9747	<div>
				9748	<pre class="source">is_spatial(expr)
				9749	</pre></div></div>
				9750	</li>
				9751	<li>
				9752
				9753	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a spatial value.</p>
				9754	</li>
				9755	<li>Arguments:
				9756	<ul>
				9757
				9758	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				9759	</ul>
				9760	</li>
				9761	<li>Return Value:
				9762	<ul>
				9763
				9764	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a <tt>point</tt>/<tt>line</tt>/<tt>rectangle</tt>/<tt>circle</tt>/<tt>polygon</tt> value or not,</li>
				9765	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				9766	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				9767	</ul>
				9768	</li>
				9769	<li>
				9770
				9771	<p>Example:</p>
				9772
				9773	<div>
				9774	<div>
				9775	<pre class="source">{
				9776	"a": is_spatial(true),
				9777	"b": is_spatial(false),
				9778	"c": is_spatial(null),
				9779	"d": is_spatial(missing),
				9780	"e": is_spatial(point("1,2")),
				9781	"f": isspatial(line("30.0,70.0 50.0,90.0")),
				9782	"g": isspatial(rectangle("30.0,70.0 50.0,90.0")),
				9783	"h": isspatial(circle("30.0,70.0 5.0")),
				9784	"i": isspatial(polygon("1.0,1.0 2.0,2.0 3.0,3.0 4.0,4.0")),
				9785	"j": isspatial(3)
				9786	};
				9787	</pre></div></div>
				9788	</li>
				9789	<li>
				9790
				9791	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				9792
				9793	<div>
				9794	<div>
				9795	<pre class="source">{ "a": false, "b": false, "c": null, "e": true, "f": true, "g": true, "h": true, "i": true, "j": false }
				9796	</pre></div></div>
				9797	</li>
				9798	</ul>
				9799	<p>The function has an alias <tt>isspatial</tt>.</p></div>
				9800	<div class="section">
				9801	<h3><a name="is_date"></a>is_date</h3>
				9802	<ul>
				9803
				9804	<li>
				9805
				9806	<p>Syntax:</p>
				9807
				9808	<div>
				9809	<div>
				9810	<pre class="source">is_date(expr)
				9811	</pre></div></div>
				9812	</li>
				9813	<li>
				9814
				9815	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a <tt>date</tt> value.</p>
				9816	</li>
				9817	<li>Arguments:
				9818	<ul>
				9819
				9820	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				9821	</ul>
				9822	</li>
				9823	<li>Return Value:
				9824	<ul>
				9825
				9826	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a <tt>date</tt> value or not,</li>
				9827	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				9828	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				9829	</ul>
				9830	</li>
				9831	<li>
				9832
				9833	<p>Example:</p>
				9834
				9835	<div>
				9836	<div>
				9837	<pre class="source">{
				9838	"a": is_date(true),
				9839	"b": is_date(false),
				9840	"c": is_date(null),
				9841	"d": is_date(missing),
				9842	"e": is_date(date("-19700101")),
				9843	"f": isdate(date("2013-01-01")),
				9844	"g": isdate(time("12:12:12.039Z")),
				9845	"h": isdate(datetime("2013-01-01T12:12:12.039Z")),
				9846	"i": isdate(duration("P100Y12MT12M")),
				9847	"j": isdate(interval(date("2013-01-01"), date("20130505"))),
				9848	"k": isdate(3)
				9849	};
				9850	</pre></div></div>
				9851	</li>
				9852	<li>
				9853
				9854	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				9855
				9856	<div>
				9857	<div>
				9858	<pre class="source">{ "a": false, "b": false, "c": null, "e": true, "f": true, "g": false, "h": false, "i": false, "j": false, "k": false }
				9859	</pre></div></div>
				9860	</li>
				9861	</ul>
				9862	<p>The function has an alias <tt>isdate</tt>.</p></div>
				9863	<div class="section">
				9864	<h3><a name="is_datetime_.28is_timestamp.29"></a>is_datetime (is_timestamp)</h3>
				9865	<ul>
				9866
				9867	<li>
				9868
				9869	<p>Syntax:</p>
				9870
				9871	<div>
				9872	<div>
				9873	<pre class="source">is_datetime(expr)
				9874	</pre></div></div>
				9875	</li>
				9876	<li>
				9877
				9878	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a <tt>datetime</tt> value.</p>
				9879	</li>
				9880	<li>Arguments:
				9881	<ul>
				9882
				9883	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				9884	</ul>
				9885	</li>
				9886	<li>Return Value:
				9887	<ul>
				9888
				9889	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a <tt>datetime</tt> value or not,</li>
				9890	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				9891	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				9892	</ul>
				9893	</li>
				9894	<li>
				9895
				9896	<p>Example:</p>
				9897
				9898	<div>
				9899	<div>
				9900	<pre class="source">{
				9901	"a": is_datetime(true),
				9902	"b": is_datetime(false),
				9903	"c": is_datetime(null),
				9904	"d": is_datetime(missing),
				9905	"e": is_datetime(datetime("2016-02-02T12:09:22.023Z")),
				9906	"f": isdatetime(datetime("2011-03-03T12:10:42.011Z")),
				9907	"g": isdatetime(time("12:12:12.039Z")),
				9908	"h": is_timestamp(datetime("2013-01-01T12:12:12.039Z")),
				9909	"i": is_timestamp(duration("P100Y12MT12M")),
				9910	"j": istimestamp(interval(date("2013-01-01"), date("20130505"))),
				9911	"k": istimestamp(3)
				9912	};
				9913	</pre></div></div>
				9914	</li>
				9915	<li>
				9916
				9917	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				9918
				9919	<div>
				9920	<div>
				9921	<pre class="source">{ "a": false, "b": false, "c": null, "e": true, "f": true, "g": false, "h": true, "i": false, "j": false, "k": false }
				9922	</pre></div></div>
				9923	</li>
				9924	</ul>
				9925	<p>The function has three aliases: <tt>isdatetime</tt>, <tt>is_timestamp</tt>, and <tt>istimestamp</tt>.</p></div>
				9926	<div class="section">
				9927	<h3><a name="is_time"></a>is_time</h3>
				9928	<ul>
				9929
				9930	<li>
				9931
				9932	<p>Syntax:</p>
				9933
				9934	<div>
				9935	<div>
				9936	<pre class="source">is_time(expr)
				9937	</pre></div></div>
				9938	</li>
				9939	<li>
				9940
				9941	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a <tt>time</tt> value.</p>
				9942	</li>
				9943	<li>Arguments:
				9944	<ul>
				9945
				9946	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				9947	</ul>
				9948	</li>
				9949	<li>Return Value:
				9950	<ul>
				9951
				9952	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a <tt>time</tt> value or not,</li>
				9953	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				9954	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				9955	</ul>
				9956	</li>
				9957	<li>
				9958
				9959	<p>Example:</p>
				9960
				9961	<div>
				9962	<div>
				9963	<pre class="source"> {
				9964	"a": is_time(true),
				9965	"b": is_time(false),
				9966	"c": is_time(null),
				9967	"d": is_time(missing),
				9968	"e": is_time(time("08:00:00.000Z")),
				9969	"f": istime(date("2013-01-01")),
				9970	"g": istime(time("12:12:12.039Z")),
				9971	"h": istime(datetime("2013-01-01T12:12:12.039Z")),
				9972	"i": istime(duration("P100Y12MT12M")),
				9973	"j": istime(interval(date("2013-01-01"), date("20130505"))),
				9974	"k": istime(3)
				9975	};
				9976	</pre></div></div>
				9977	</li>
				9978	<li>
				9979
				9980	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				9981
				9982	<div>
				9983	<div>
				9984	<pre class="source">{ "a": false, "b": false, "c": null, "e": true, "f": false, "g": true, "h": false, "i": false, "j": false, "k": false }
				9985	</pre></div></div>
				9986	</li>
				9987	</ul>
				9988	<p>The function has an alias <tt>istime</tt>.</p></div>
				9989	<div class="section">
				9990	<h3><a name="is_duration"></a>is_duration</h3>
				9991	<ul>
				9992
				9993	<li>
				9994
				9995	<p>Syntax:</p>
				9996
				9997	<div>
				9998	<div>
				9999	<pre class="source">is_duration(expr)
				10000	</pre></div></div>
				10001	</li>
				10002	<li>
				10003
				10004	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a duration value.</p>
				10005	</li>
				10006	<li>Arguments:
				10007	<ul>
				10008
				10009	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				10010	</ul>
				10011	</li>
				10012	<li>Return Value:
				10013	<ul>
				10014
				10015	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a <tt>duration/year_month_duration/day_time_duration</tt> value or not,</li>
				10016	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				10017	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				10018	</ul>
				10019	</li>
				10020	<li>
				10021
				10022	<p>Example:</p>
				10023
				10024	<div>
				10025	<div>
				10026	<pre class="source"> {
				10027	"a": is_duration(true),
				10028	"b": is_duration(false),
				10029	"c": is_duration(null),
				10030	"d": is_duration(missing),
				10031	"e": is_duration(duration("-PT20.943S")),
				10032	"f": isduration(date("2013-01-01")),
				10033	"g": isduration(time("12:12:12.039Z")),
				10034	"h": isduration(datetime("2013-01-01T12:12:12.039Z")),
				10035	"i": isduration(duration("P100Y12MT12M")),
				10036	"j": isduration(interval(date("2013-01-01"), date("20130505"))),
				10037	"k": isduration(3)
				10038	};
				10039	</pre></div></div>
				10040	</li>
				10041	<li>
				10042
				10043	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				10044
				10045	<div>
				10046	<div>
				10047	<pre class="source">{ "a": false, "b": false, "c": null, "e": true, "f": false, "g": false, "h": false, "i": true, "j": false, "k": false }
				10048	</pre></div></div>
				10049	</li>
				10050	</ul>
				10051	<p>The function has an alias <tt>isduration</tt>.</p></div>
				10052	<div class="section">
				10053	<h3><a name="is_interval"></a>is_interval</h3>
				10054	<ul>
				10055
				10056	<li>
				10057
				10058	<p>Syntax:</p>
				10059
				10060	<div>
				10061	<div>
				10062	<pre class="source">is_interval(expr)
				10063	</pre></div></div>
				10064	</li>
				10065	<li>
				10066
				10067	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a <tt>interval</tt> value.</p>
				10068	</li>
				10069	<li>Arguments:
				10070	<ul>
				10071
				10072	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				10073	</ul>
				10074	</li>
				10075	<li>Return Value:
				10076	<ul>
				10077
				10078	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a <tt>interval</tt> value or not,</li>
				10079	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				10080	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				10081	</ul>
				10082	</li>
				10083	<li>
				10084
				10085	<p>Example:</p>
				10086
				10087	<div>
				10088	<div>
				10089	<pre class="source"> {
				10090	"a": is_interval(true),
				10091	"b": is_interval(false),
				10092	"c": is_interval(null),
				10093	"d": is_interval(missing),
				10094	"e": is_interval(interval(datetime("2013-01-01T00:01:01.000Z"), datetime("2013-05-05T13:39:01.049Z"))),
				10095	"f": isinterval(date("2013-01-01")),
				10096	"g": isinterval(time("12:12:12.039Z")),
				10097	"h": isinterval(datetime("2013-01-01T12:12:12.039Z")),
				10098	"i": isinterval(duration("P100Y12MT12M")),
				10099	"j": isinterval(interval(date("2013-01-01"), date("20130505"))),
				10100	"k": isinterval(3)
				10101	};
				10102	</pre></div></div>
				10103	</li>
				10104	<li>
				10105
				10106	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				10107
				10108	<div>
				10109	<div>
				10110	<pre class="source">{ "a": false, "b": false, "c": null, "e": true, "f": false, "g": false, "h": false, "i": false, "j": true, "k": false }
				10111	</pre></div></div>
				10112	</li>
				10113	</ul>
				10114	<p>The function has an alias <tt>isinterval</tt>.</p></div>
				10115	<div class="section">
				10116	<h3><a name="is_temporal"></a>is_temporal</h3>
				10117	<ul>
				10118
				10119	<li>
				10120
				10121	<p>Syntax:</p>
				10122
				10123	<div>
				10124	<div>
				10125	<pre class="source">is_temporal(expr)
				10126	</pre></div></div>
				10127	</li>
				10128	<li>
				10129
				10130	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a temporal value.</p>
				10131	</li>
				10132	<li>Arguments:
				10133	<ul>
				10134
				10135	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				10136	</ul>
				10137	</li>
				10138	<li>Return Value:
				10139	<ul>
				10140
				10141	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a <tt>date/datetime/time/duration/year_month_duration/day_time_duration/interval</tt> value or not,</li>
				10142	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				10143	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				10144	</ul>
				10145	</li>
				10146	<li>
				10147
				10148	<p>Example:</p>
				10149
				10150	<div>
				10151	<div>
				10152	<pre class="source"> {
				10153	"a": is_temporal(true),
				10154	"b": is_temporal(false),
				10155	"c": is_temporal(null),
				10156	"d": is_temporal(missing),
				10157	"e": is_temporal(duration("-PT20.943S")),
				10158	"f": istemporal(date("2013-01-01")),
				10159	"g": istemporal(time("12:12:12.039Z")),
				10160	"h": istemporal(datetime("2013-01-01T12:12:12.039Z")),
				10161	"i": istemporal(duration("P100Y12MT12M")),
				10162	"j": istemporal(interval(date("2013-01-01"), date("20130505"))),
				10163	"k": istemporal(3)
				10164	};
				10165	</pre></div></div>
				10166	</li>
				10167	<li>
				10168
				10169	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				10170
				10171	<div>
				10172	<div>
				10173	<pre class="source">{ "a": false, "b": false, "c": null, "e": true, "f": true, "g": true, "h": true, "i": true, "j": true, "k": false }
				10174	</pre></div></div>
				10175	</li>
				10176	</ul>
				10177	<p>The function has an alias <tt>istemporal</tt>.</p></div>
				10178	<div class="section">
				10179	<h3><a name="is_object_.28is_obj.29"></a>is_object (is_obj)</h3>
				10180	<ul>
				10181
				10182	<li>
				10183
				10184	<p>Syntax:</p>
				10185
				10186	<div>
				10187	<div>
				10188	<pre class="source">is_object(expr)
				10189	</pre></div></div>
				10190	</li>
				10191	<li>
				10192
				10193	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a <tt>object</tt> value.</p>
				10194	</li>
				10195	<li>Arguments:
				10196	<ul>
				10197
				10198	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				10199	</ul>
				10200	</li>
				10201	<li>Return Value:
				10202	<ul>
				10203
				10204	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a <tt>object</tt> value or not,</li>
				10205	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				10206	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				10207	</ul>
				10208	</li>
				10209	<li>
				10210
				10211	<p>Example:</p>
				10212
				10213	<div>
				10214	<div>
				10215	<pre class="source">{
				10216	"a": is_object(true),
				10217	"b": is_object(false),
				10218	"c": isobject(null),
				10219	"d": isobject(missing),
				10220	"e": isobj("d"),
				10221	"f": isobj(4.0),
				10222	"g": isobj(5),
				10223	"h": isobj(["1", 2]),
				10224	"i": isobj({"a":1})
				10225	};
				10226	</pre></div></div>
				10227	</li>
				10228	<li>
				10229
				10230	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				10231	<p>{ “a”: false, “b”: false, “c”: null, “e”: false, “f”: false, “g”: false, “h”: false, “i”: true }</p>
				10232	</li>
				10233	</ul>
				10234	<p>The function has three aliases: <tt>isobject</tt>, <tt>is_obj</tt>, and <tt>isobj</tt>.</p></div>
				10235	<div class="section">
				10236	<h3><a name="is_string_.28is_str.29"></a>is_string (is_str)</h3>
				10237	<ul>
				10238
				10239	<li>
				10240
				10241	<p>Syntax:</p>
				10242
				10243	<div>
				10244	<div>
				10245	<pre class="source">is_string(expr)
				10246	</pre></div></div>
				10247	</li>
				10248	<li>
				10249
				10250	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a <tt>string</tt> value.</p>
				10251	</li>
				10252	<li>Arguments:
				10253	<ul>
				10254
				10255	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				10256	</ul>
				10257	</li>
				10258	<li>Return Value:
				10259	<ul>
				10260
				10261	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a <tt>string</tt> value or not,</li>
				10262	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				10263	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				10264	</ul>
				10265	</li>
				10266	<li>
				10267
				10268	<p>Example:</p>
				10269
				10270	<div>
				10271	<div>
				10272	<pre class="source">{
				10273	"a": is_string(true),
				10274	"b": isstring(false),
				10275	"c": isstring(null),
				10276	"d": isstr(missing),
				10277	"e": isstr("d"),
				10278	"f": isstr(4.0),
				10279	"g": isstr(5),
				10280	"h": isstr(["1", 2]),
				10281	"i": isstr({"a":1})
				10282	};
				10283	</pre></div></div>
				10284	</li>
				10285	<li>
				10286
				10287	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				10288
				10289	<div>
				10290	<div>
				10291	<pre class="source">{ "a": false, "b": false, "c": null, "e": true, "f": false, "g": false, "h": false, "i": false }
				10292	</pre></div></div>
				10293	</li>
				10294	</ul>
				10295	<p>The function has three aliases: <tt>isstring</tt>, <tt>is_str</tt>, and <tt>isstr</tt>.</p></div>
				10296	<div class="section">
				10297	<h3><a name="is_uuid"></a>is_uuid</h3>
				10298	<ul>
				10299
				10300	<li>
				10301
				10302	<p>Syntax:</p>
				10303
				10304	<div>
				10305	<div>
				10306	<pre class="source">is_uuid(expr)
				10307	</pre></div></div>
				10308	</li>
				10309	<li>
				10310
				10311	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a <tt>uuid</tt> value.</p>
				10312	</li>
				10313	<li>Arguments:
				10314	<ul>
				10315
				10316	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				10317	</ul>
				10318	</li>
				10319	<li>Return Value:
				10320	<ul>
				10321
				10322	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a <tt>uuid</tt> value or not,</li>
				10323	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				10324	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				10325	</ul>
				10326	</li>
				10327	<li>
				10328
				10329	<p>Example:</p>
				10330
				10331	<div>
				10332	<div>
				10333	<pre class="source"> {
				10334	"a": is_uuid(true),
				10335	"b": is_uuid(false),
				10336	"c": is_uuid(null),
				10337	"d": is_uuid(missing),
				10338	"e": isuuid(4.0),
				10339	"f": isuuid(date("2013-01-01")),
				10340	"g": isuuid(uuid("5c848e5c-6b6a-498f-8452-8847a2957421"))
				10341	};
				10342	</pre></div></div>
				10343	</li>
				10344	<li>
				10345
				10346	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				10347
				10348	<div>
				10349	<div>
				10350	<pre class="source">{ "a": false, "b": false, "c": null, "e": false, "f": false, "g": true }
				10351	</pre></div></div>
				10352	</li>
				10353	</ul>
				10354	<p>The function has an alias <tt>isuuid</tt>.</p></div>
				10355	<div class="section">
				10356	<h3><a name="is_null"></a>is_null</h3>
				10357	<ul>
				10358
				10359	<li>
				10360
				10361	<p>Syntax:</p>
				10362
				10363	<div>
				10364	<div>
				10365	<pre class="source">is_null(expr)
				10366	</pre></div></div>
				10367	</li>
				10368	<li>
				10369
				10370	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a <tt>null</tt> value.</p>
				10371	</li>
				10372	<li>Arguments:
				10373	<ul>
				10374
				10375	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				10376	</ul>
				10377	</li>
				10378	<li>Return Value:
				10379	<ul>
				10380
				10381	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the variable is a <tt>null</tt> or not,</li>
				10382	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the input is <tt>missing</tt>.</li>
				10383	</ul>
				10384	</li>
				10385	<li>
				10386
				10387	<p>Example:</p>
				10388
				10389	<div>
				10390	<div>
				10391	<pre class="source">{ "v1": is_null(null), "v2": is_null(1), "v3": is_null(missing) };
				10392	</pre></div></div>
				10393	</li>
				10394	<li>
				10395
				10396	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				10397
				10398	<div>
				10399	<div>
				10400	<pre class="source">{ "v1": true, "v2": false }
				10401	</pre></div></div>
				10402	</li>
				10403	</ul>
				10404	<p>The function has an alias <tt>isnull</tt>.</p></div>
				10405	<div class="section">
				10406	<h3><a name="is_missing"></a>is_missing</h3>
				10407	<ul>
				10408
				10409	<li>
				10410
				10411	<p>Syntax:</p>
				10412
				10413	<div>
				10414	<div>
				10415	<pre class="source">is_missing(expr)
				10416	</pre></div></div>
				10417	</li>
				10418	<li>
				10419
				10420	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a <tt>missing</tt> value.</p>
				10421	</li>
				10422	<li>Arguments:
				10423	<ul>
				10424
				10425	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				10426	</ul>
				10427	</li>
				10428	<li>Return Value:
				10429	<ul>
				10430
				10431	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the variable is a <tt>missing</tt> or not.</li>
				10432	</ul>
				10433	</li>
				10434	<li>
				10435
				10436	<p>Example:</p>
				10437
				10438	<div>
				10439	<div>
				10440	<pre class="source">{ "v1": is_missing(null), "v2": is_missing(1), "v3": is_missing(missing) };
				10441	</pre></div></div>
				10442	</li>
				10443	<li>
				10444
				10445	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				10446
				10447	<div>
				10448	<div>
				10449	<pre class="source">{ "v1": false, "v2": false, "v3": true }
				10450	</pre></div></div>
				10451	</li>
				10452	</ul>
				10453	<p>The function has an alias <tt>ismissing</tt>.</p></div>
				10454	<div class="section">
				10455	<h3><a name="is_unknown"></a>is_unknown</h3>
				10456	<ul>
				10457
				10458	<li>
				10459
				10460	<p>Syntax:</p>
				10461
				10462	<div>
				10463	<div>
				10464	<pre class="source">is_unknown(expr)
				10465	</pre></div></div>
				10466	</li>
				10467	<li>
				10468
				10469	<p>Checks whether the given variable is a <tt>null</tt> value or a <tt>missing</tt> value.</p>
				10470	</li>
				10471	<li>Arguments:
				10472	<ul>
				10473
				10474	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				10475	</ul>
				10476	</li>
				10477	<li>Return Value:
				10478	<ul>
				10479
				10480	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the variable is a <tt>null</tt>/``missing<tt>value (</tt>true<tt>) or not (</tt>false`).</li>
				10481	</ul>
				10482	</li>
				10483	<li>
				10484
				10485	<p>Example:</p>
				10486
				10487	<div>
				10488	<div>
				10489	<pre class="source">{ "v1": is_unknown(null), "v2": is_unknown(1), "v3": is_unknown(missing) };
				10490	</pre></div></div>
				10491	</li>
				10492	<li>
				10493
				10494	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				10495
				10496	<div>
				10497	<div>
				10498	<pre class="source">{ "v1": true, "v2": false, "v3": true }
				10499	</pre></div></div>
				10500	</li>
				10501	</ul>
				10502	<p>The function has an alias <tt>isunknown</tt>.</p></div>
				10503	<div class="section">
				10504	<h3><a name="to_array"></a>to_array</h3>
				10505	<ul>
				10506
				10507	<li>
				10508
				10509	<p>Syntax:</p>
				10510
				10511	<div>
				10512	<div>
				10513	<pre class="source">to_array(expr)
				10514	</pre></div></div>
				10515	</li>
				10516	<li>
				10517
				10518	<p>Converts input value to an <tt>array</tt> value</p>
				10519	</li>
				10520	<li>Arguments:
				10521	<ul>
				10522
				10523	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression</li>
				10524	</ul>
				10525	</li>
				10526	<li>Return Value:
				10527	<ul>
				10528
				10529	<li>if the argument is <tt>missing</tt> then <tt>missing</tt> is returned</li>
				10530	<li>if the argument is <tt>null</tt> then <tt>null</tt> is returned</li>
				10531	<li>if the argument is of <tt>array</tt> type then it is returned as is</li>
				10532	<li>if the argument is of <tt>multiset</tt> type then it is returned as an <tt>array</tt> with elements in an undefined order</li>
				10533	<li>otherwise an <tt>array</tt> containing the input expression as its single item is returned</li>
				10534	</ul>
				10535	</li>
				10536	<li>
				10537
				10538	<p>Example:</p>
				10539
				10540	<div>
				10541	<div>
				10542	<pre class="source">{
				10543	"v1": to_array("asterix"),
				10544	"v2": to_array(["asterix"]),
				10545	};
				10546	</pre></div></div>
				10547	</li>
				10548	<li>
				10549
				10550	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				10551
				10552	<div>
				10553	<div>
				10554	<pre class="source">{ "v1": ["asterix"], "v2": ["asterix"] }
				10555	</pre></div></div>
				10556	</li>
				10557	</ul>
				10558	<p>The function has an alias <tt>toarray</tt>.</p></div>
				10559	<div class="section">
				10560	<h3><a name="to_atomic_.28to_atom.29"></a>to_atomic (to_atom)</h3>
				10561	<ul>
				10562
				10563	<li>
				10564
				10565	<p>Syntax:</p>
				10566
				10567	<div>
				10568	<div>
				10569	<pre class="source">to_atomic(expr)
				10570	</pre></div></div>
				10571	</li>
				10572	<li>
				10573
				10574	<p>Converts input value to a <a href="../datamodel.html#PrimitiveTypes">primitive</a> value</p>
				10575	</li>
				10576	<li>Arguments:
				10577	<ul>
				10578
				10579	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression</li>
				10580	</ul>
				10581	</li>
				10582	<li>Return Value:
				10583	<ul>
				10584
				10585	<li>if the argument is <tt>missing</tt> then <tt>missing</tt> is returned</li>
				10586	<li>if the argument is <tt>null</tt> then <tt>null</tt> is returned</li>
				10587	<li>if the argument is of primitive type then it is returned as is</li>
				10588	<li>if the argument is of <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> type and has only one element then the result of invoking to_atomic() on that element is returned</li>
				10589	<li>if the argument is of <tt>object</tt> type and has only one field then the result of invoking to_atomic() on the value of that field is returned</li>
				10590	<li>otherwise <tt>null</tt> is returned</li>
				10591	</ul>
				10592	</li>
				10593	<li>
				10594
				10595	<p>Example:</p>
				10596
				10597	<div>
				10598	<div>
				10599	<pre class="source">{
				10600	"v1": to_atomic("asterix"),
				10601	"v2": to_atomic(["asterix"]),
				10602	"v3": to_atomic([0, 1]),
				10603	"v4": to_atomic({"value": "asterix"}),
				10604	"v5": to_number({"x": 1, "y": 2})
				10605	};
				10606	</pre></div></div>
				10607	</li>
				10608	<li>
				10609
				10610	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				10611
				10612	<div>
				10613	<div>
				10614	<pre class="source">{ "v1": "asterix", "v2": "asterix", "v3": null, "v4": "asterix", "v5": null }
				10615	</pre></div></div>
				10616	</li>
				10617	</ul>
				10618	<p>The function has three aliases: <tt>toatomic</tt>, <tt>to_atom</tt>, and <tt>toatom</tt>.</p></div>
				10619	<div class="section">
				10620	<h3><a name="to_boolean_.28to_bool.29"></a>to_boolean (to_bool)</h3>
				10621	<ul>
				10622
				10623	<li>
				10624
				10625	<p>Syntax:</p>
				10626
				10627	<div>
				10628	<div>
				10629	<pre class="source">to_boolean(expr)
				10630	</pre></div></div>
				10631	</li>
				10632	<li>
				10633
				10634	<p>Converts input value to a <tt>boolean</tt> value</p>
				10635	</li>
				10636	<li>Arguments:
				10637	<ul>
				10638
				10639	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression</li>
				10640	</ul>
				10641	</li>
				10642	<li>Return Value:
				10643	<ul>
				10644
				10645	<li>if the argument is <tt>missing</tt> then <tt>missing</tt> is returned</li>
				10646	<li>if the argument is <tt>null</tt> then <tt>null</tt> is returned</li>
				10647	<li>if the argument is of <tt>boolean</tt> type then it is returned as is</li>
				10648	<li>if the argument is of numeric type then <tt>false</tt> is returned if it is <tt>0</tt> or <tt>NaN</tt>, otherwise <tt>true</tt></li>
				10649	<li>if the argument is of <tt>string</tt> type then <tt>false</tt> is returned if it’s empty, otherwise <tt>true</tt></li>
				10650	<li>if the argument is of <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> type then <tt>false</tt> is returned if it’s size is <tt>0</tt>, otherwise <tt>true</tt></li>
				10651	<li>if the argument is of <tt>object</tt> type then <tt>false</tt> is returned if it has no fields, otherwise <tt>true</tt></li>
				10652	<li>type error is raised for all other input types</li>
				10653	</ul>
				10654	</li>
				10655	<li>
				10656
				10657	<p>Example:</p>
				10658
				10659	<div>
				10660	<div>
				10661	<pre class="source">{
				10662	"v1": to_boolean(0),
				10663	"v2": to_boolean(1),
				10664	"v3": to_boolean(""),
				10665	"v4": to_boolean("asterix")
				10666	};
				10667	</pre></div></div>
				10668	</li>
				10669	<li>
				10670
				10671	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				10672
				10673	<div>
				10674	<div>
				10675	<pre class="source">{ "v1": false, "v2": true, "v3": false, "v4": true }
				10676	</pre></div></div>
				10677	</li>
				10678	</ul>
				10679	<p>The function has three aliases: <tt>toboolean</tt>, <tt>to_bool</tt>, and <tt>tobool</tt>.</p></div>
				10680	<div class="section">
				10681	<h3><a name="to_bigint"></a>to_bigint</h3>
				10682	<ul>
				10683
				10684	<li>
				10685
				10686	<p>Syntax:</p>
				10687
				10688	<div>
				10689	<div>
				10690	<pre class="source">to_bigint(expr)
				10691	</pre></div></div>
				10692	</li>
				10693	<li>
				10694
				10695	<p>Converts input value to an integer value</p>
				10696	</li>
				10697	<li>Arguments:
				10698	<ul>
				10699
				10700	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression</li>
				10701	</ul>
				10702	</li>
				10703	<li>Return Value:
				10704	<ul>
				10705
				10706	<li>if the argument is <tt>missing</tt> then <tt>missing</tt> is returned</li>
				10707	<li>if the argument is <tt>null</tt> then <tt>null</tt> is returned</li>
				10708	<li>if the argument is of <tt>boolean</tt> type then <tt>1</tt> is returned if it is <tt>true</tt>, <tt>0</tt> if it is <tt>false</tt></li>
				10709	<li>if the argument is of numeric integer type then it is returned as the same value of <tt>bigint</tt> type</li>
				10710	<li>if the argument is of numeric <tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> type then it is converted to <tt>bigint</tt> type</li>
				10711	<li>if the argument is of <tt>string</tt> type and can be parsed as integer then that integer value is returned, otherwise <tt>null</tt> is returned</li>
				10712	<li>if the argument is of <tt>array</tt>/<tt>multiset</tt>/<tt>object</tt> type then <tt>null</tt> is returned</li>
				10713	<li>type error is raised for all other input types</li>
				10714	</ul>
				10715	</li>
				10716	<li>
				10717
				10718	<p>Example:</p>
				10719
				10720	<div>
				10721	<div>
				10722	<pre class="source">{
				10723	"v1": to_bigint(false),
				10724	"v2": to_bigint(true),
				10725	"v3": to_bigint(10),
				10726	"v4": to_bigint(float("1e100")),
				10727	"v5": to_bigint(double("1e1000")),
				10728	"v6": to_bigint("20")
				10729	};
				10730	</pre></div></div>
				10731	</li>
				10732	<li>
				10733
				10734	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				10735
				10736	<div>
				10737	<div>
				10738	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 0, "v2": 1, "v3": 10, "v4": 9223372036854775807, "v5": 9223372036854775807, "v6": 20 }
				10739	</pre></div></div>
				10740	</li>
				10741	</ul>
				10742	<p>The function has an alias <tt>tobigint</tt>.</p></div>
				10743	<div class="section">
				10744	<h3><a name="to_double"></a>to_double</h3>
				10745	<ul>
				10746
				10747	<li>
				10748
				10749	<p>Syntax:</p>
				10750
				10751	<div>
				10752	<div>
				10753	<pre class="source">to_double(expr)
				10754	</pre></div></div>
				10755	</li>
				10756	<li>
				10757
				10758	<p>Converts input value to a <tt>double</tt> value</p>
				10759	</li>
				10760	<li>Arguments:
				10761	<ul>
				10762
				10763	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression</li>
				10764	</ul>
				10765	</li>
				10766	<li>Return Value:
				10767	<ul>
				10768
				10769	<li>if the argument is <tt>missing</tt> then <tt>missing</tt> is returned</li>
				10770	<li>if the argument is <tt>null</tt> then <tt>null</tt> is returned</li>
				10771	<li>if the argument is of <tt>boolean</tt> type then <tt>1.0</tt> is returned if it is <tt>true</tt>, <tt>0.0</tt> if it is <tt>false</tt></li>
				10772	<li>if the argument is of numeric type then it is returned as the value of <tt>double</tt> type</li>
				10773	<li>if the argument is of <tt>string</tt> type and can be parsed as <tt>double</tt> then that <tt>double</tt> value is returned, otherwise <tt>null</tt> is returned</li>
				10774	<li>if the argument is of <tt>array</tt>/<tt>multiset</tt>/<tt>object</tt> type then <tt>null</tt> is returned</li>
				10775	<li>type error is raised for all other input types</li>
				10776	</ul>
				10777	</li>
				10778	<li>
				10779
				10780	<p>Example:</p>
				10781
				10782	<div>
				10783	<div>
				10784	<pre class="source">{
				10785	"v1": to_double(false),
				10786	"v2": to_double(true),
				10787	"v3": to_double(10),
				10788	"v4": to_double(11.5),
				10789	"v5": to_double("12.5")
				10790	};
				10791	</pre></div></div>
				10792	</li>
				10793	<li>
				10794
				10795	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				10796
				10797	<div>
				10798	<div>
				10799	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 0.0, "v2": 1.0, "v3": 10.0, "v4": 11.5, "v5": 12.5 }
				10800	</pre></div></div>
				10801	</li>
				10802	</ul>
				10803	<p>The function has an alias <tt>todouble</tt>.</p></div>
				10804	<div class="section">
				10805	<h3><a name="to_number_.28to_num.29"></a>to_number (to_num)</h3>
				10806	<ul>
				10807
				10808	<li>
				10809
				10810	<p>Syntax:</p>
				10811
				10812	<div>
				10813	<div>
				10814	<pre class="source">to_number(expr)
				10815	</pre></div></div>
				10816	</li>
				10817	<li>
				10818
				10819	<p>Converts input value to a numeric value</p>
				10820	</li>
				10821	<li>Arguments:
				10822	<ul>
				10823
				10824	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression</li>
				10825	</ul>
				10826	</li>
				10827	<li>Return Value:
				10828	<ul>
				10829
				10830	<li>if the argument is <tt>missing</tt> then <tt>missing</tt> is returned</li>
				10831	<li>if the argument is <tt>null</tt> then <tt>null</tt> is returned</li>
				10832	<li>if the argument is of numeric type then it is returned as is</li>
				10833	<li>if the argument is of <tt>boolean</tt> type then <tt>1</tt> is returned if it is <tt>true</tt>, <tt>0</tt> if it is <tt>false</tt></li>
				10834	<li>if the argument is of <tt>string</tt> type and can be parsed as <tt>bigint</tt> then that <tt>bigint</tt> value is returned, otherwise if it can be parsed as <tt>double</tt> then that <tt>double</tt> value is returned, otherwise <tt>null</tt> is returned</li>
				10835	<li>if the argument is of <tt>array</tt>/<tt>multiset</tt>/<tt>object</tt> type then <tt>null</tt> is returned</li>
				10836	<li>type error is raised for all other input types</li>
				10837	</ul>
				10838	</li>
				10839	<li>
				10840
				10841	<p>Example:</p>
				10842
				10843	<div>
				10844	<div>
				10845	<pre class="source">{
				10846	"v1": to_number(false),
				10847	"v2": to_number(true),
				10848	"v3": to_number(10),
				10849	"v4": to_number(11.5),
				10850	"v5": to_number("12.5")
				10851	};
				10852	</pre></div></div>
				10853	</li>
				10854	<li>
				10855
				10856	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				10857
				10858	<div>
				10859	<div>
				10860	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 0, "v2": 1, "v3": 10, "v4": 11.5, "v5": 12.5 }
				10861	</pre></div></div>
				10862	</li>
				10863	</ul>
				10864	<p>The function has three aliases: <tt>tonumber</tt>, <tt>to_num</tt>, and <tt>tonum</tt>.</p></div>
				10865	<div class="section">
				10866	<h3><a name="to_object_.28to_obj.29"></a>to_object (to_obj)</h3>
				10867	<ul>
				10868
				10869	<li>
				10870
				10871	<p>Syntax:</p>
				10872
				10873	<div>
				10874	<div>
				10875	<pre class="source">to_object(expr)
				10876	</pre></div></div>
				10877	</li>
				10878	<li>
				10879
				10880	<p>Converts input value to an <tt>object</tt> value</p>
				10881	</li>
				10882	<li>Arguments:
				10883	<ul>
				10884
				10885	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression</li>
				10886	</ul>
				10887	</li>
				10888	<li>Return Value:
				10889	<ul>
				10890
				10891	<li>if the argument is <tt>missing</tt> then <tt>missing</tt> is returned</li>
				10892	<li>if the argument is <tt>null</tt> then <tt>null</tt> is returned</li>
				10893	<li>if the argument is of <tt>object</tt> type then it is returned as is</li>
				10894	<li>otherwise an empty <tt>object</tt> is returned</li>
				10895	</ul>
				10896	</li>
				10897	<li>
				10898
				10899	<p>Example:</p>
				10900
				10901	<div>
				10902	<div>
				10903	<pre class="source">{
				10904	"v1": to_object({"value": "asterix"}),
				10905	"v2": to_object("asterix")
				10906	};
				10907	</pre></div></div>
				10908	</li>
				10909	<li>
				10910
				10911	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				10912
				10913	<div>
				10914	<div>
				10915	<pre class="source">{ "v1": {"value": "asterix"}, "v2": {} }
				10916	</pre></div></div>
				10917	</li>
				10918	</ul>
				10919	<p>The function has three aliases: <tt>toobject</tt>, <tt>to_obj</tt>, and <tt>toobj</tt>.</p></div>
				10920	<div class="section">
				10921	<h3><a name="to_string_.28to_str.29"></a>to_string (to_str)</h3>
				10922	<ul>
				10923
				10924	<li>
				10925
				10926	<p>Syntax:</p>
				10927
				10928	<div>
				10929	<div>
				10930	<pre class="source">to_string(expr)
				10931	</pre></div></div>
				10932	</li>
				10933	<li>
				10934
				10935	<p>Converts input value to a string value</p>
				10936	</li>
				10937	<li>Arguments:
				10938	<ul>
				10939
				10940	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression</li>
				10941	</ul>
				10942	</li>
				10943	<li>Return Value:
				10944	<ul>
				10945
				10946	<li>if the argument is <tt>missing</tt> then <tt>missing</tt> is returned</li>
				10947	<li>if the argument is <tt>null</tt> then <tt>null</tt> is returned</li>
				10948	<li>if the argument is of <tt>boolean</tt> type then <tt>"true"</tt> is returned if it is <tt>true</tt>, <tt>"false"</tt> if it is <tt>false</tt></li>
				10949	<li>if the argument is of numeric type then its string representation is returned</li>
				10950	<li>if the argument is of <tt>string</tt> type then it is returned as is</li>
				10951	<li>if the argument is of <tt>array</tt>/<tt>multiset</tt>/<tt>object</tt> type then <tt>null</tt> is returned</li>
				10952	<li>type error is raised for all other input types</li>
				10953	</ul>
				10954	</li>
				10955	<li>
				10956
				10957	<p>Example:</p>
				10958
				10959	<div>
				10960	<div>
				10961	<pre class="source">{
				10962	"v1": to_string(false),
				10963	"v2": to_string(true),
				10964	"v3": to_string(10),
				10965	"v4": to_string(11.5),
				10966	"v5": to_string("asterix")
				10967	};
				10968	</pre></div></div>
				10969	</li>
				10970	<li>
				10971
				10972	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				10973
				10974	<div>
				10975	<div>
				10976	<pre class="source">{ "v1": "false", "v2": "true", "v3": "10", "v4": "11.5", "v5": "asterix" }
				10977	</pre></div></div>
				10978	</li>
				10979	</ul>
				10980	<p>The function has three aliases: <tt>tostring</tt>, <tt>to_str</tt>, and <tt>tostr</tt>.</p><!--
				10981	! Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
				10982	! or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
				10983	! distributed with this work for additional information
				10984	! regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
				10985	! to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
				10986	! "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
				10987	! with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
				10988	!
				10989	! http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
				10990	!
				10991	! Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
				10992	! software distributed under the License is distributed on an
				10993	! "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
				10994	! KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
				10995	! specific language governing permissions and limitations
				10996	! under the License.
				10997	!-->
				10998	</div></div>
				10999	<div class="section">
				11000	<h2><a name="Conditional_Functions"></a><a name="ConditionalFunctions" id="ConditionalFunctions">Conditional Functions</a></h2>
				11001	<div class="section">
				11002	<h3><a name="if_null_.28ifnull.29"></a>if_null (ifnull)</h3>
				11003	<ul>
				11004
				11005	<li>
				11006
				11007	<p>Syntax:</p>
				11008
				11009	<div>
				11010	<div>
				11011	<pre class="source">if_null(expression1, expression2, ... expressionN)
				11012	</pre></div></div>
				11013	</li>
				11014	<li>
				11015
				11016	<p>Finds first argument which value is not <tt>null</tt> and returns that value</p>
				11017	</li>
				11018	<li>Arguments:
				11019	<ul>
				11020
				11021	<li><tt>expressionI</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				11022	</ul>
				11023	</li>
				11024	<li>Return Value:
				11025	<ul>
				11026
				11027	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if all arguments evaluate to <tt>null</tt> or no arguments specified</li>
				11028	<li>a value of the first non-<tt>null</tt> argument otherwise</li>
				11029	</ul>
				11030	</li>
				11031	<li>
				11032
				11033	<p>Example:</p>
				11034
				11035	<div>
				11036	<div>
				11037	<pre class="source">{
				11038	"a": if_null(),
				11039	"b": if_null(null),
				11040	"c": if_null(null, "asterixdb"),
				11041	"d": is_missing(if_null(missing))
				11042	};
				11043	</pre></div></div>
				11044	</li>
				11045	<li>
				11046
				11047	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				11048
				11049	<div>
				11050	<div>
				11051	<pre class="source">{ "a": null, "b": null, "c": "asterixdb", "d": true }
				11052	</pre></div></div>
				11053	</li>
				11054	</ul>
				11055	<p>The function has an alias <tt>ifnull</tt>.</p></div>
				11056	<div class="section">
				11057	<h3><a name="if_missing_.28ifmissing.29"></a>if_missing (ifmissing)</h3>
				11058	<ul>
				11059
				11060	<li>
				11061
				11062	<p>Syntax:</p>
				11063
				11064	<div>
				11065	<div>
				11066	<pre class="source">if_missing(expression1, expression2, ... expressionN)
				11067	</pre></div></div>
				11068	</li>
				11069	<li>
				11070
				11071	<p>Finds first argument which value is not <tt>missing</tt> and returns that value</p>
				11072	</li>
				11073	<li>Arguments:
				11074	<ul>
				11075
				11076	<li><tt>expressionI</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				11077	</ul>
				11078	</li>
				11079	<li>Return Value:
				11080	<ul>
				11081
				11082	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if all arguments evaluate to <tt>missing</tt> or no arguments specified</li>
				11083	<li>a value of the first non-<tt>missing</tt> argument otherwise</li>
				11084	</ul>
				11085	</li>
				11086	<li>
				11087
				11088	<p>Example:</p>
				11089
				11090	<div>
				11091	<div>
				11092	<pre class="source">{
				11093	"a": if_missing(),
				11094	"b": if_missing(missing),
				11095	"c": if_missing(missing, "asterixdb"),
				11096	"d": if_missing(null, "asterixdb")
				11097	};
				11098	</pre></div></div>
				11099	</li>
				11100	<li>
				11101
				11102	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				11103
				11104	<div>
				11105	<div>
				11106	<pre class="source">{ "a": null, "b": null, "c": "asterixdb", "d": null }
				11107	</pre></div></div>
				11108	</li>
				11109	</ul>
				11110	<p>The function has an alias <tt>ifmissing</tt>.</p></div>
				11111	<div class="section">
				11112	<h3><a name="if_missing_or_null_.28ifmissingornull.2C_coalesce.29"></a>if_missing_or_null (ifmissingornull, coalesce)</h3>
				11113	<ul>
				11114
				11115	<li>
				11116
				11117	<p>Syntax:</p>
				11118
				11119	<div>
				11120	<div>
				11121	<pre class="source">if_missing_or_null(expression1, expression2, ... expressionN)
				11122	</pre></div></div>
				11123	</li>
				11124	<li>
				11125
				11126	<p>Finds first argument which value is not <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt> and returns that value</p>
				11127	</li>
				11128	<li>Arguments:
				11129	<ul>
				11130
				11131	<li><tt>expressionI</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				11132	</ul>
				11133	</li>
				11134	<li>Return Value:
				11135	<ul>
				11136
				11137	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if all arguments evaluate to either <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>, or no arguments specified</li>
				11138	<li>a value of the first non-<tt>null</tt>, non-<tt>missing</tt> argument otherwise</li>
				11139	</ul>
				11140	</li>
				11141	<li>
				11142
				11143	<p>Example:</p>
				11144
				11145	<div>
				11146	<div>
				11147	<pre class="source">{
				11148	"a": if_missing_or_null(),
				11149	"b": if_missing_or_null(null, missing),
				11150	"c": if_missing_or_null(null, missing, "asterixdb")
				11151	};
				11152	</pre></div></div>
				11153	</li>
				11154	<li>
				11155
				11156	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				11157
				11158	<div>
				11159	<div>
				11160	<pre class="source">{ "a": null, "b": null, "c": "asterixdb" }
				11161	</pre></div></div>
				11162	</li>
				11163	</ul>
				11164	<p>The function has two aliases: <tt>ifmissingornull</tt> and <tt>coalesce</tt>.</p></div>
				11165	<div class="section">
				11166	<h3><a name="if_inf_.28ifinf.29"></a>if_inf (ifinf)</h3>
				11167	<ul>
				11168
				11169	<li>
				11170
				11171	<p>Syntax:</p>
				11172
				11173	<div>
				11174	<div>
				11175	<pre class="source">if_inf(expression1, expression2, ... expressionN)
				11176	</pre></div></div>
				11177	</li>
				11178	<li>
				11179
				11180	<p>Finds first argument which is a non-infinite (<tt>INF</tt> or<tt>-INF</tt>) number</p>
				11181	</li>
				11182	<li>Arguments:
				11183	<ul>
				11184
				11185	<li><tt>expressionI</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				11186	</ul>
				11187	</li>
				11188	<li>Return Value:
				11189	<ul>
				11190
				11191	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if <tt>missing</tt> argument was encountered before the first non-infinite number argument</li>
				11192	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if <tt>null</tt> argument or any other non-number argument was encountered before the first non-infinite number argument</li>
				11193	<li>the first non-infinite number argument otherwise</li>
				11194	</ul>
				11195	</li>
				11196	<li>
				11197
				11198	<p>Example:</p>
				11199
				11200	<div>
				11201	<div>
				11202	<pre class="source">{
				11203	"a": is_null(if_inf(null)),
				11204	"b": is_missing(if_inf(missing)),
				11205	"c": is_null(if_inf(double("INF"))),
				11206	"d": if_inf(1, null, missing) ],
				11207	"e": is_null(if_inf(null, missing, 1)) ],
				11208	"f": is_missing(if_inf(missing, null, 1)) ],
				11209	"g": if_inf(float("INF"), 1) ],
				11210	"h": to_string(if_inf(float("INF"), double("NaN"), 1)) ]
				11211	};
				11212	</pre></div></div>
				11213	</li>
				11214	<li>
				11215
				11216	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				11217
				11218	<div>
				11219	<div>
				11220	<pre class="source">{ "a": true, "b": true, "c": true, "d": 1, "e": true, "f": true, "g": 1, "h": "NaN" }
				11221	</pre></div></div>
				11222	</li>
				11223	</ul>
				11224	<p>The function has an alias <tt>ifinf</tt>.</p></div>
				11225	<div class="section">
				11226	<h3><a name="if_nan_.28ifnan.29"></a>if_nan (ifnan)</h3>
				11227	<ul>
				11228
				11229	<li>
				11230
				11231	<p>Syntax:</p>
				11232
				11233	<div>
				11234	<div>
				11235	<pre class="source">if_nan(expression1, expression2, ... expressionN)
				11236	</pre></div></div>
				11237	</li>
				11238	<li>
				11239
				11240	<p>Finds first argument which is a non-<tt>NaN</tt> number</p>
				11241	</li>
				11242	<li>Arguments:
				11243	<ul>
				11244
				11245	<li><tt>expressionI</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				11246	</ul>
				11247	</li>
				11248	<li>Return Value:
				11249	<ul>
				11250
				11251	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if <tt>missing</tt> argument was encountered before the first non-<tt>NaN</tt> number argument</li>
				11252	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if <tt>null</tt> argument or any other non-number argument was encountered before the first non-<tt>NaN</tt> number argument</li>
				11253	<li>the first non-<tt>NaN</tt> number argument otherwise</li>
				11254	</ul>
				11255	</li>
				11256	<li>
				11257
				11258	<p>Example:</p>
				11259
				11260	<div>
				11261	<div>
				11262	<pre class="source">{
				11263	"a": is_null(if_nan(null)),
				11264	"b": is_missing(if_nan(missing)),
				11265	"c": is_null(if_nan(double("NaN"))),
				11266	"d": if_nan(1, null, missing) ],
				11267	"e": is_null(if_nan(null, missing, 1)) ],
				11268	"f": is_missing(if_nan(missing, null, 1)) ],
				11269	"g": if_nan(float("NaN"), 1) ],
				11270	"h": to_string(if_nan(float("NaN"), double("INF"), 1)) ]
				11271	};
				11272	</pre></div></div>
				11273	</li>
				11274	<li>
				11275
				11276	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				11277
				11278	<div>
				11279	<div>
				11280	<pre class="source">{ "a": true, "b": true, "c": true, "d": 1, "e": true, "f": true, "g": 1, "h": "INF" }
				11281	</pre></div></div>
				11282	</li>
				11283	</ul>
				11284	<p>The function has an alias <tt>ifnan</tt>.</p></div>
				11285	<div class="section">
				11286	<h3><a name="if_nan_or_inf_.28ifnanorinf.29"></a>if_nan_or_inf (ifnanorinf)</h3>
				11287	<ul>
				11288
				11289	<li>
				11290
				11291	<p>Syntax:</p>
				11292
				11293	<div>
				11294	<div>
				11295	<pre class="source">if_nan_or_inf(expression1, expression2, ... expressionN)
				11296	</pre></div></div>
				11297	</li>
				11298	<li>
				11299
				11300	<p>Finds first argument which is a non-infinite (<tt>INF</tt> or<tt>-INF</tt>) and non-<tt>NaN</tt> number</p>
				11301	</li>
				11302	<li>Arguments:
				11303	<ul>
				11304
				11305	<li><tt>expressionI</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				11306	</ul>
				11307	</li>
				11308	<li>Return Value:
				11309	<ul>
				11310
				11311	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if <tt>missing</tt> argument was encountered before the first non-infinite and non-<tt>NaN</tt> number argument</li>
				11312	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if <tt>null</tt> argument or any other non-number argument was encountered before the first non-infinite and non-<tt>NaN</tt> number argument</li>
				11313	<li>the first non-infinite and non-<tt>NaN</tt> number argument otherwise</li>
				11314	</ul>
				11315	</li>
				11316	<li>
				11317
				11318	<p>Example:</p>
				11319
				11320	<div>
				11321	<div>
				11322	<pre class="source">{
				11323	"a": is_null(if_nan_or_inf(null)),
				11324	"b": is_missing(if_nan_or_inf(missing)),
				11325	"c": is_null(if_nan_or_inf(double("NaN"), double("INF"))),
				11326	"d": if_nan_or_inf(1, null, missing) ],
				11327	"e": is_null(if_nan_or_inf(null, missing, 1)) ],
				11328	"f": is_missing(if_nan_or_inf(missing, null, 1)) ],
				11329	"g": if_nan_or_inf(float("NaN"), float("INF"), 1) ],
				11330	};
				11331	</pre></div></div>
				11332	</li>
				11333	<li>
				11334
				11335	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				11336
				11337	<div>
				11338	<div>
				11339	<pre class="source">{ "a": true, "b": true, "c": true, "d": 1, "e": true, "f": true, "g": 1 }
				11340	</pre></div></div>
				11341	</li>
				11342	</ul>
				11343	<p>The function has an alias <tt>ifnanorinf</tt>.</p></div>
				11344	<div class="section">
				11345	<h3><a name="null_if_.28nullif.29"></a>null_if (nullif)</h3>
				11346	<ul>
				11347
				11348	<li>
				11349
				11350	<p>Syntax:</p>
				11351
				11352	<div>
				11353	<div>
				11354	<pre class="source">null_if(expression1, expression2)
				11355	</pre></div></div>
				11356	</li>
				11357	<li>
				11358
				11359	<p>Compares two arguments and returns <tt>null</tt> if they are equal, otherwise returns the first argument.</p>
				11360	</li>
				11361	<li>Arguments:
				11362	<ul>
				11363
				11364	<li><tt>expressionI</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				11365	</ul>
				11366	</li>
				11367	<li>Return Value:
				11368	<ul>
				11369
				11370	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				11371	<li><tt>null</tt> if
				11372	<ul>
				11373
				11374	<li>any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value, or</li>
				11375	<li><tt>argument1</tt> = <tt>argument2</tt></li>
				11376	</ul>
				11377	</li>
				11378	<li>a value of the first argument otherwise</li>
				11379	</ul>
				11380	</li>
				11381	<li>
				11382
				11383	<p>Example:</p>
				11384
				11385	<div>
				11386	<div>
				11387	<pre class="source">{
				11388	"a": null_if("asterixdb", "asterixdb"),
				11389	"b": null_if(1, 2)
				11390	};
				11391	</pre></div></div>
				11392	</li>
				11393	<li>
				11394
				11395	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				11396
				11397	<div>
				11398	<div>
				11399	<pre class="source">{ "a": null, "b": 1 }
				11400	</pre></div></div>
				11401	</li>
				11402	</ul>
				11403	<p>The function has an alias <tt>nullif</tt>.</p></div>
				11404	<div class="section">
				11405	<h3><a name="missing_if_.28missingif.29"></a>missing_if (missingif)</h3>
				11406	<ul>
				11407
				11408	<li>
				11409
				11410	<p>Syntax:</p>
				11411
				11412	<div>
				11413	<div>
				11414	<pre class="source">missing_if(expression1, expression2)
				11415	</pre></div></div>
				11416	</li>
				11417	<li>
				11418
				11419	<p>Compares two arguments and returns <tt>missing</tt> if they are equal, otherwise returns the first argument.</p>
				11420	</li>
				11421	<li>Arguments:
				11422	<ul>
				11423
				11424	<li><tt>expressionI</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				11425	</ul>
				11426	</li>
				11427	<li>Return Value:
				11428	<ul>
				11429
				11430	<li><tt>missing</tt> if
				11431	<ul>
				11432
				11433	<li>any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value, or</li>
				11434	<li>no argument is a <tt>null</tt> value and <tt>argument1</tt> = <tt>argument2</tt></li>
				11435	</ul>
				11436	</li>
				11437	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value</li>
				11438	<li>a value of the first argument otherwise</li>
				11439	</ul>
				11440	</li>
				11441	<li>
				11442
				11443	<p>Example:</p>
				11444
				11445	<div>
				11446	<div>
				11447	<pre class="source">{
				11448	"a": missing_if("asterixdb", "asterixdb")
				11449	"b": missing_if(1, 2),
				11450	};
				11451	</pre></div></div>
				11452	</li>
				11453	<li>
				11454
				11455	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				11456
				11457	<div>
				11458	<div>
				11459	<pre class="source">{ "b": 1 }
				11460	</pre></div></div>
				11461	</li>
				11462	</ul>
				11463	<p>The function has an alias <tt>missingif</tt>.</p></div>
				11464	<div class="section">
				11465	<h3><a name="nan_if_.28nanif.29"></a>nan_if (nanif)</h3>
				11466	<ul>
				11467
				11468	<li>
				11469
				11470	<p>Syntax:</p>
				11471
				11472	<div>
				11473	<div>
				11474	<pre class="source">nan_if(expression1, expression2)
				11475	</pre></div></div>
				11476	</li>
				11477	<li>
				11478
				11479	<p>Compares two arguments and returns <tt>NaN</tt> value if they are equal, otherwise returns the first argument.</p>
				11480	</li>
				11481	<li>Arguments:
				11482	<ul>
				11483
				11484	<li><tt>expressionI</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				11485	</ul>
				11486	</li>
				11487	<li>Return Value:
				11488	<ul>
				11489
				11490	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				11491	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value</li>
				11492	<li><tt>NaN</tt> value of type <tt>double</tt> if <tt>argument1</tt> = <tt>argument2</tt></li>
				11493	<li>a value of the first argument otherwise</li>
				11494	</ul>
				11495	</li>
				11496	<li>
				11497
				11498	<p>Example:</p>
				11499
				11500	<div>
				11501	<div>
				11502	<pre class="source">{
				11503	"a": to_string(nan_if("asterixdb", "asterixdb")),
				11504	"b": nan_if(1, 2)
				11505	};
				11506	</pre></div></div>
				11507	</li>
				11508	<li>
				11509
				11510	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				11511
				11512	<div>
				11513	<div>
				11514	<pre class="source">{ "a": "NaN", "b": 1 }
				11515	</pre></div></div>
				11516	</li>
				11517	</ul>
				11518	<p>The function has an alias <tt>nanif</tt>.</p></div>
				11519	<div class="section">
				11520	<h3><a name="posinf_if_.28posinfif.29"></a>posinf_if (posinfif)</h3>
				11521	<ul>
				11522
				11523	<li>
				11524
				11525	<p>Syntax:</p>
				11526
				11527	<div>
				11528	<div>
				11529	<pre class="source">posinf_if(expression1, expression2)
				11530	</pre></div></div>
				11531	</li>
				11532	<li>
				11533
				11534	<p>Compares two arguments and returns <tt>+INF</tt> value if they are equal, otherwise returns the first argument.</p>
				11535	</li>
				11536	<li>Arguments:
				11537	<ul>
				11538
				11539	<li><tt>expressionI</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				11540	</ul>
				11541	</li>
				11542	<li>Return Value:
				11543	<ul>
				11544
				11545	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				11546	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value</li>
				11547	<li><tt>+INF</tt> value of type <tt>double</tt> if <tt>argument1</tt> = <tt>argument2</tt></li>
				11548	<li>a value of the first argument otherwise</li>
				11549	</ul>
				11550	</li>
				11551	<li>
				11552
				11553	<p>Example:</p>
				11554
				11555	<div>
				11556	<div>
				11557	<pre class="source">{
				11558	"a": to_string(posinf_if("asterixdb", "asterixdb")),
				11559	"b": posinf_if(1, 2)
				11560	};
				11561	</pre></div></div>
				11562	</li>
				11563	<li>
				11564
				11565	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				11566
				11567	<div>
				11568	<div>
				11569	<pre class="source">{ "a": "+INF", "b": 1 }
				11570	</pre></div></div>
				11571	</li>
				11572	</ul>
				11573	<p>The function has an alias <tt>posinfif</tt>.</p></div>
				11574	<div class="section">
				11575	<h3><a name="neginf_if_.28neginfif.29"></a>neginf_if (neginfif)</h3>
				11576	<ul>
				11577
				11578	<li>
				11579
				11580	<p>Syntax:</p>
				11581
				11582	<div>
				11583	<div>
				11584	<pre class="source">neginf_if(expression1, expression2)
				11585	</pre></div></div>
				11586	</li>
				11587	<li>
				11588
				11589	<p>Compares two arguments and returns <tt>-INF</tt> value if they are equal, otherwise returns the first argument.</p>
				11590	</li>
				11591	<li>Arguments:
				11592	<ul>
				11593
				11594	<li><tt>expressionI</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				11595	</ul>
				11596	</li>
				11597	<li>Return Value:
				11598	<ul>
				11599
				11600	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				11601	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value</li>
				11602	<li><tt>-INF</tt> value of type <tt>double</tt> if <tt>argument1</tt> = <tt>argument2</tt></li>
				11603	<li>a value of the first argument otherwise</li>
				11604	</ul>
				11605	</li>
				11606	<li>
				11607
				11608	<p>Example:</p>
				11609
				11610	<div>
				11611	<div>
				11612	<pre class="source">{
				11613	"a": to_string(neginf_if("asterixdb", "asterixdb")),
				11614	"b": neginf_if(1, 2)
				11615	};
				11616	</pre></div></div>
				11617	</li>
				11618	<li>
				11619
				11620	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				11621
				11622	<div>
				11623	<div>
				11624	<pre class="source">{ "a": "-INF", "b": 1 }
				11625	</pre></div></div>
				11626	</li>
				11627	</ul>
				11628	<p>The function has an alias <tt>neginfif</tt>.</p><!--
				11629	! Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
				11630	! or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
				11631	! distributed with this work for additional information
				11632	! regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
				11633	! to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
				11634	! "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
				11635	! with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
				11636	!
				11637	! http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
				11638	!
				11639	! Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
				11640	! software distributed under the License is distributed on an
				11641	! "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
				11642	! KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
				11643	! specific language governing permissions and limitations
				11644	! under the License.
				11645	!-->
				11646	</div></div>
				11647	<div class="section">
				11648	<h2><a name="Miscellaneous_Functions"></a><a name="MiscFunctions" id="MiscFunctions">Miscellaneous Functions</a></h2>
				11649	<div class="section">
				11650	<h3><a name="uuid"></a>uuid</h3>
				11651	<ul>
				11652
				11653	<li>
				11654
				11655	<p>Syntax:</p>
				11656
				11657	<div>
				11658	<div>
				11659	<pre class="source">uuid()
				11660	</pre></div></div>
				11661	</li>
				11662	<li>
				11663
				11664	<p>Generates a <tt>uuid</tt>.</p>
				11665	</li>
				11666	<li>Arguments:
				11667	<ul>
				11668
				11669	<li>none</li>
				11670	</ul>
				11671	</li>
				11672	<li>Return Value:
				11673	<ul>
				11674
				11675	<li>a generated, random <tt>uuid</tt>.</li>
				11676	</ul>
				11677	</li>
				11678	</ul></div>
				11679	<div class="section">
				11680	<h3><a name="len"></a>len</h3>
				11681	<ul>
				11682
				11683	<li>
				11684
				11685	<p>Syntax:</p>
				11686	<p>len(array)</p>
				11687	</li>
				11688	<li>
				11689
				11690	<p>Returns the length of the array array.</p>
				11691	</li>
				11692	<li>Arguments:
				11693	<ul>
				11694
				11695	<li><tt>array</tt> : an <tt>array</tt>, <tt>multiset</tt>, <tt>null</tt>, or <tt>missing</tt>, represents the collection that needs to be checked.</li>
				11696	</ul>
				11697	</li>
				11698	<li>Return Value:
				11699	<ul>
				11700
				11701	<li>an <tt>integer</tt> that represents the length of input array or the size of the input multiset,</li>
				11702	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				11703	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				11704	</ul>
				11705	</li>
				11706	<li>
				11707
				11708	<p>Example:</p>
				11709
				11710	<div>
				11711	<div>
				11712	<pre class="source">len(["Hello", "World"])
				11713	</pre></div></div>
				11714	</li>
				11715	<li>
				11716
				11717	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				11718
				11719	<div>
				11720	<div>
				11721	<pre class="source">2
				11722	</pre></div></div>
				11723	</li>
				11724	</ul></div>
				11725	<div class="section">
				11726	<h3><a name="not"></a>not</h3>
				11727	<ul>
				11728
				11729	<li>
				11730
				11731	<p>Syntax:</p>
				11732
				11733	<div>
				11734	<div>
				11735	<pre class="source">not(expr)
				11736	</pre></div></div>
				11737	</li>
				11738	<li>
				11739
				11740	<p>Inverts a <tt>boolean</tt> value</p>
				11741	</li>
				11742	<li>Arguments:
				11743	<ul>
				11744
				11745	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression</li>
				11746	</ul>
				11747	</li>
				11748	<li>Return Value:
				11749	<ul>
				11750
				11751	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt>, the inverse of <tt>expr</tt>,</li>
				11752	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				11753	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				11754	<li>other non-boolean argument value will cause a type error.</li>
				11755	</ul>
				11756	</li>
				11757	<li>Example:
				11758
				11759	<div>
				11760	<div>
				11761	<pre class="source">{ "v1": `not`(true), "v2": `not`(false), "v3": `not`(null), "v4": `not`(missing) };
				11762	</pre></div></div>
				11763	</li>
				11764	<li>
				11765
				11766	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				11767
				11768	<div>
				11769	<div>
				11770	<pre class="source">{ "v1": false, "v2": true, "v3": null }
				11771	</pre></div></div>
				11772	</li>
				11773	</ul></div>
				11774	<div class="section">
				11775	<h3><a name="random"></a>random</h3>
				11776	<ul>
				11777
				11778	<li>
				11779
				11780	<p>Syntax:</p>
				11781
				11782	<div>
				11783	<div>
				11784	<pre class="source">random( [seed_value] )
				11785	</pre></div></div>
				11786	</li>
				11787	<li>
				11788
				11789	<p>Returns a random number, accepting an optional seed value</p>
				11790	</li>
				11791	<li>Arguments:
				11792	<ul>
				11793
				11794	<li><tt>seed_value</tt>: an optional <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value representing the seed number.</li>
				11795	</ul>
				11796	</li>
				11797	<li>Return Value:
				11798	<ul>
				11799
				11800	<li>A random number of type <tt>double</tt> between 0 and 1,</li>
				11801	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				11802	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value or a non-numeric value.</li>
				11803	</ul>
				11804	</li>
				11805	<li>
				11806
				11807	<p>Example:</p>
				11808
				11809	<div>
				11810	<div>
				11811	<pre class="source">{
				11812	"v1": random(),
				11813	"v2": random(unix_time_from_datetime_in_ms(current_datetime()))
				11814	};
				11815	</pre></div></div>
				11816	</li>
				11817	</ul></div>
				11818	<div class="section">
				11819	<h3><a name="range"></a>range</h3>
				11820	<ul>
				11821
				11822	<li>
				11823
				11824	<p>Syntax:</p>
				11825
				11826	<div>
				11827	<div>
				11828	<pre class="source">range(start_numeric_value, end_numeric_value)
				11829	</pre></div></div>
				11830	</li>
				11831	<li>
				11832
				11833	<p>Generates a series of <tt>bigint</tt> values based start the <tt>start_numeric_value</tt> until the <tt>end_numeric_value</tt>.</p>
				11834	</li>
				11835	<li>Arguments:</li>
				11836	<li><tt>start_numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt> value representing the start value.</li>
				11837	<li><tt>end_numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt> value representing the max final value.</li>
				11838	<li>Return Value:
				11839	<ul>
				11840
				11841	<li>an array that starts with the integer value of <tt>start_numeric_value</tt> and ends with the integer value of <tt>end_numeric_value</tt>, where the value of each entry in the array is the integer successor of the value in the preceding entry.</li>
				11842	</ul>
				11843	</li>
				11844	<li>Example:
				11845
				11846	<div>
				11847	<div>
				11848	<pre class="source">range(0, 3);
				11849	</pre></div></div>
				11850	</li>
				11851	<li>
				11852
				11853	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				11854
				11855	<div>
				11856	<div>
				11857	<pre class="source">[ 0, 1, 2, 3 ]
				11858	</pre></div></div>
				11859	</li>
				11860	</ul></div>
				11861	<div class="section">
				11862	<h3><a name="switch_case"></a>switch_case</h3>
				11863	<ul>
				11864
				11865	<li>
				11866
				11867	<p>Syntax:</p>
				11868
				11869	<div>
				11870	<div>
				11871	<pre class="source">switch_case(
				11872	condition,
				11873	case1, case1_result,
				11874	case2, case2_result,
				11875	...,
				11876	default, default_result
				11877	)
				11878	</pre></div></div>
				11879	</li>
				11880	<li>
				11881
				11882	<p>Switches amongst a sequence of cases and returns the result of the first matching case. If no match is found, the result of the default case is returned.</p>
				11883	</li>
				11884	<li>Arguments:
				11885	<ul>
				11886
				11887	<li><tt>condition</tt>: a variable (any type is allowed).</li>
				11888	<li><tt>caseI/default</tt>: a variable (any type is allowed).</li>
				11889	<li><tt>caseI/default_result</tt>: a variable (any type is allowed).</li>
				11890	</ul>
				11891	</li>
				11892	<li>Return Value:
				11893	<ul>
				11894
				11895	<li><tt>caseI_result</tt> if <tt>condition</tt> matches <tt>caseI</tt>, otherwise <tt>default_result</tt>.</li>
				11896	</ul>
				11897	</li>
				11898	<li>Example 1:
				11899
				11900	<div>
				11901	<div>
				11902	<pre class="source">switch_case(
				11903	"a",
				11904	"a", 0,
				11905	"x", 1,
				11906	"y", 2,
				11907	"z", 3
				11908	);
				11909	</pre></div></div>
				11910	</li>
				11911	<li>
				11912
				11913	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				11914
				11915	<div>
				11916	<div>
				11917	<pre class="source">0
				11918	</pre></div></div>
				11919	</li>
				11920	<li>
				11921
				11922	<p>Example 2:</p>
				11923
				11924	<div>
				11925	<div>
				11926	<pre class="source">switch_case(
				11927	"a",
				11928	"x", 1,
				11929	"y", 2,
				11930	"z", 3
				11931	);
				11932	</pre></div></div>
				11933	</li>
				11934	<li>
				11935
				11936	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				11937
				11938	<div>
				11939	<div>
				11940	<pre class="source">3
				11941	</pre></div></div>
				11942	</li>
				11943	</ul></div>
				11944	<div class="section">
				11945	<h3><a name="deep_equal"></a>deep_equal</h3>
				11946	<ul>
				11947
				11948	<li>
				11949
				11950	<p>Syntax:</p>
				11951
				11952	<div>
				11953	<div>
				11954	<pre class="source">deep_equal(expr1, expr2)
				11955	</pre></div></div>
				11956	</li>
				11957	<li>
				11958
				11959	<p>Assess the equality between two expressions of any type (e.g., object, arrays, or multiset). Two objects are deeply equal iff both their types and values are equal.</p>
				11960	</li>
				11961	<li>Arguments:
				11962	<ul>
				11963
				11964	<li><tt>expr1</tt> : an expression,</li>
				11965	<li><tt>expr2</tt> : an expression.</li>
				11966	</ul>
				11967	</li>
				11968	<li>Return Value:
				11969	<ul>
				11970
				11971	<li><tt>true</tt> or <tt>false</tt> depending on the data equality,</li>
				11972	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				11973	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				11974	</ul>
				11975	</li>
				11976	<li>
				11977
				11978	<p>Example:</p>
				11979
				11980	<div>
				11981	<div>
				11982	<pre class="source">deep_equal(
				11983	{
				11984	"id":1,
				11985	"project":"AsterixDB",
				11986	"address":{"city":"Irvine", "state":"CA"},
				11987	"related":["Hivestrix", "Preglix", "Apache VXQuery"]
				11988	},
				11989	{
				11990	"id":1,
				11991	"project":"AsterixDB",
				11992	"address":{"city":"San Diego", "state":"CA"},
				11993	"related":["Hivestrix", "Preglix", "Apache VXQuery"]
				11994	}
				11995	);
				11996	</pre></div></div>
				11997	</li>
				11998	<li>
				11999
				12000	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12001
				12002	<div>
				12003	<div>
				12004	<pre class="source">false
				12005	</pre></div></div>
				12006	</li>
				12007	</ul><!--
				12008	! Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
				12009	! or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
				12010	! distributed with this work for additional information
				12011	! regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
				12012	! to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
				12013	! "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
				12014	! with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
				12015	!
				12016	! http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
				12017	!
				12018	! Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
				12019	! software distributed under the License is distributed on an
				12020	! "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
				12021	! KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
				12022	! specific language governing permissions and limitations
				12023	! under the License.
				12024	!-->
				12025	</div></div>
				12026	<div class="section">
				12027	<h2><a name="Bitwise_Functions"></a><a name="BitwiseFunctions" id="BitwiseFunctions">Bitwise Functions</a></h2>
				12028	<p>All Bit/Binary functions can only operate on 64-bit signed integers.</p>
				12029	<p><b>Note:</b> All non-integer numbers and other data types result in null.</p>
				12030	<p><b>Note:</b> The query language uses two’s complement representation.</p>
				12031	<p>When looking at the value in binary form, bit 1 is the Least Significant Bit (LSB) and bit 32 is the Most Significant Bit (MSB).</p>
				12032	<p>(MSB) Bit 32 → <tt>0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000</tt> ← Bit 1 (LSB)</p>
				12033	<div class="section">
				12034	<h3><a name="bitand"></a>bitand</h3>
				12035	<ul>
				12036
				12037	<li>
				12038
				12039	<p>Syntax:</p>
				12040
				12041	<div>
				12042	<div>
				12043	<pre class="source">BITAND(int_value1, int_value2, ... , int_valueN)
				12044	</pre></div></div>
				12045	</li>
				12046	<li>
				12047
				12048	<p>Returns the result of a bitwise AND operation performed on all input integer values.</p>
				12049	<p>The bitwise AND operation compares each bit of <tt>int_value1</tt> to the corresponding bit of every other <tt>int_value</tt>. If all bits are 1, then the corresponding result bit is set to 1; otherwise it is set to 0 (zero).</p>
				12050	</li>
				12051	<li>
				12052
				12053	<p>Arguments:</p>
				12054	<ul>
				12055
				12056	<li><tt>int_valueI</tt>: Integers, or any valid expressions which evaluate to integers, that are used to compare.</li>
				12057	</ul>
				12058	</li>
				12059	<li>
				12060
				12061	<p>Return Value:</p>
				12062	<ul>
				12063
				12064	<li>An integer, representing the bitwise AND between all of the input integers.</li>
				12065	</ul>
				12066	</li>
				12067	<li>
				12068
				12069	<p>Limitations:</p>
				12070	<ul>
				12071
				12072	<li>Input values must be integers (such as 1 or 1.0) and cannot contain decimals (such as 1.2).</li>
				12073	</ul>
				12074	</li>
				12075	<li>
				12076
				12077	<p>Example 1:</p>
				12078	<p>Compare 3 (0011 in binary) and 6 (0110 in binary).</p>
				12079
				12080	<div>
				12081	<div>
				12082	<pre class="source">{ "BitAND": BITAND(3,6) };
				12083	</pre></div></div>
				12084	</li>
				12085	<li>
				12086
				12087	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12088
				12089	<div>
				12090	<div>
				12091	<pre class="source">{ "BitAND": 2 }
				12092	</pre></div></div>
				12093
				12094	<p>This results in 2 (0010 in binary) because only bit 2 is set in both 3 (00<b>1</b>1) and 6 (01<b>1</b>0).</p>
				12095	</li>
				12096	<li>
				12097
				12098	<p>Example 2:</p>
				12099	<p>Compare 4.5 and 3 (0011 in binary).</p>
				12100
				12101	<div>
				12102	<div>
				12103	<pre class="source">{ "BitAND": BITAND(4.5,3) };
				12104	</pre></div></div>
				12105	</li>
				12106	<li>
				12107
				12108	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12109
				12110	<div>
				12111	<div>
				12112	<pre class="source">{ "BitAND": null }
				12113	</pre></div></div>
				12114
				12115	<p>The result is null because 4.5 is not an integer.</p>
				12116	</li>
				12117	<li>
				12118
				12119	<p>Example 3:</p>
				12120	<p>Compare 4.0 (0100 in binary) and 3 (0011 in binary).</p>
				12121
				12122	<div>
				12123	<div>
				12124	<pre class="source">{ "BitAND": BITAND(4.0,3) };
				12125	</pre></div></div>
				12126	</li>
				12127	<li>
				12128
				12129	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12130
				12131	<div>
				12132	<div>
				12133	<pre class="source">{ "BitAND": 0 }
				12134	</pre></div></div>
				12135
				12136	<p>This results in 0 (zero) because 4.0 (0100) and 3 (0011) do not share any bits that are both 1.</p>
				12137	</li>
				12138	<li>
				12139
				12140	<p>Example 4:</p>
				12141	<p>Compare 3 (0011 in binary) and 6 (0110 in binary) and 15 (1111 in binary).</p>
				12142
				12143	<div>
				12144	<div>
				12145	<pre class="source">{ "BitAND": BITAND(3,6,15) };
				12146	</pre></div></div>
				12147	</li>
				12148	<li>
				12149
				12150	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12151
				12152	<div>
				12153	<div>
				12154	<pre class="source">{ "BitAND": 2 }
				12155	</pre></div></div>
				12156
				12157	<p>This results in 2 (0010 in binary) because only the 2nd bit from the right is 1 in all three numbers.</p>
				12158	</li>
				12159	</ul></div>
				12160	<div class="section">
				12161	<h3><a name="bitclear"></a>bitclear</h3>
				12162	<ul>
				12163
				12164	<li>
				12165
				12166	<p>Syntax:</p>
				12167
				12168	<div>
				12169	<div>
				12170	<pre class="source">BITCLEAR(int_value, positions)
				12171	</pre></div></div>
				12172	</li>
				12173	<li>
				12174
				12175	<p>Returns the result after clearing the specified bit, or array of bits in <tt>int_value</tt> using the given <tt>positions</tt>.</p>
				12176	<p><b>Note:</b> Specifying a negative or zero bit position makes the function return a null.</p>
				12177	</li>
				12178	<li>
				12179
				12180	<p>Arguments:</p>
				12181	<ul>
				12182
				12183	<li>
				12184
				12185	<p><tt>int_value</tt>: An integer, or any valid expression which evaluates to an integer, that contains the target bit or bits to clear.</p>
				12186	</li>
				12187	<li>
				12188
				12189	<p><tt>positions</tt>: An integer or an array of integers specifying the position or positions to be cleared.</p>
				12190	</li>
				12191	</ul>
				12192	</li>
				12193	<li>
				12194
				12195	<p>Return Value:</p>
				12196	<ul>
				12197
				12198	<li>An integer, representing the result after clearing the bit or bits specified.</li>
				12199	</ul>
				12200	</li>
				12201	<li>
				12202
				12203	<p>Limitations:</p>
				12204	<ul>
				12205
				12206	<li>Input values must be integers (such as 1 or 1.0) and cannot contain decimals (such as 1.2).</li>
				12207	</ul>
				12208	</li>
				12209	<li>
				12210
				12211	<p>Example 1:</p>
				12212	<p>Clear bit 1 from 6 (0110 in binary).</p>
				12213
				12214	<div>
				12215	<div>
				12216	<pre class="source">{ "BitCLEAR": BITCLEAR(6,1) };
				12217	</pre></div></div>
				12218	</li>
				12219	<li>
				12220
				12221	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12222
				12223	<div>
				12224	<div>
				12225	<pre class="source">{ "BitCLEAR": 6 }
				12226	</pre></div></div>
				12227
				12228	<p>This results in 6 (011<b>0</b> in binary) because bit 1 was already zero.</p>
				12229	</li>
				12230	<li>
				12231
				12232	<p>Example 2:</p>
				12233	<p>Clear bits 1 and 2 from 6 (01<b>10</b> in binary).</p>
				12234
				12235	<div>
				12236	<div>
				12237	<pre class="source">{ "BitCLEAR": BITCLEAR(6,[1,2]) };
				12238	</pre></div></div>
				12239	</li>
				12240	<li>
				12241
				12242	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12243
				12244	<div>
				12245	<div>
				12246	<pre class="source">{ "BitCLEAR": 4 }
				12247	</pre></div></div>
				12248
				12249	<p>This results in 4 (01<b>0</b>0 in binary) because bit 2 changed to zero.</p>
				12250	</li>
				12251	<li>
				12252
				12253	<p>Example 3:</p>
				12254	<p>Clear bits 1, 2, 4, and 5 from 31 (0<b>11</b>1<b>11</b> in binary).</p>
				12255
				12256	<div>
				12257	<div>
				12258	<pre class="source">{ "BitCLEAR": BITCLEAR(31,[1,2,4,5]) };
				12259	</pre></div></div>
				12260	</li>
				12261	<li>
				12262
				12263	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12264
				12265	<div>
				12266	<div>
				12267	<pre class="source">{ "BitCLEAR": 4 }
				12268	</pre></div></div>
				12269
				12270	<p>This results in 4 (0<b>00</b>1<b>00</b>) because bits 1, 2, 4, and 5 changed to zero.</p>
				12271	</li>
				12272	</ul></div>
				12273	<div class="section">
				12274	<h3><a name="bitnot"></a>bitnot</h3>
				12275	<ul>
				12276
				12277	<li>
				12278
				12279	<p>Syntax:</p>
				12280
				12281	<div>
				12282	<div>
				12283	<pre class="source">BITNOT(int_value)
				12284	</pre></div></div>
				12285	</li>
				12286	<li>
				12287
				12288	<p>Returns the results of a bitwise logical NOT operation performed on an integer value.</p>
				12289	<p>The bitwise logical NOT operation reverses the bits in the value. For each value bit that is 1, the corresponding result bit will be set to 0 (zero); and for each value bit that is 0 (zero), the corresponding result bit will be set to 1.</p>
				12290	<p><b>Note:</b> All bits of the integer will be altered by this operation.</p>
				12291	</li>
				12292	<li>
				12293
				12294	<p>Arguments:</p>
				12295	<ul>
				12296
				12297	<li><tt>int_value</tt>: An integer, or any valid expression which evaluates to an integer, that contains the target bits to reverse.</li>
				12298	</ul>
				12299	</li>
				12300	<li>
				12301
				12302	<p>Return Value:</p>
				12303	<ul>
				12304
				12305	<li>An integer, representing the result after performing the logical NOT operation.</li>
				12306	</ul>
				12307	</li>
				12308	<li>
				12309
				12310	<p>Limitations:</p>
				12311	<ul>
				12312
				12313	<li>Input values must be integers (such as 1 or 1.0) and cannot contain decimals (such as 1.2).</li>
				12314	</ul>
				12315	</li>
				12316	<li>
				12317
				12318	<p>Example 1:</p>
				12319	<p>Perform the NOT operation on 3 (0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0011 in binary).</p>
				12320
				12321	<div>
				12322	<div>
				12323	<pre class="source">{ "BitNOT": BITNOT(3) };
				12324	</pre></div></div>
				12325	</li>
				12326	<li>
				12327
				12328	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12329
				12330	<div>
				12331	<div>
				12332	<pre class="source">{ "BitNOT": -4 }
				12333	</pre></div></div>
				12334
				12335	<p>This results in -4 (<b>1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1100</b> in binary) because all bits changed.</p>
				12336	</li>
				12337	</ul></div>
				12338	<div class="section">
				12339	<h3><a name="bitor"></a>bitor</h3>
				12340	<ul>
				12341
				12342	<li>
				12343
				12344	<p>Syntax:</p>
				12345
				12346	<div>
				12347	<div>
				12348	<pre class="source">BITOR(int_value1, int_value2, ... , int_valueN)
				12349	</pre></div></div>
				12350	</li>
				12351	<li>
				12352
				12353	<p>Returns the result of a bitwise inclusive OR operation performed on all input integer values.</p>
				12354	<p>The bitwise inclusive OR operation compares each bit of <tt>int_value1</tt> to the corresponding bit of every other <tt>int_value</tt>. If any bit is 1, the corresponding result bit is set to 1; otherwise, it is set to 0 (zero).</p>
				12355	</li>
				12356	<li>
				12357
				12358	<p>Arguments:</p>
				12359	<ul>
				12360
				12361	<li><tt>int_valueI</tt>: Integers, or any valid expressions which evaluate to integers, that are used to compare.</li>
				12362	</ul>
				12363	</li>
				12364	<li>
				12365
				12366	<p>Return Value:</p>
				12367	<ul>
				12368
				12369	<li>An integer, representing the bitwise OR between all of the input integers.</li>
				12370	</ul>
				12371	</li>
				12372	<li>
				12373
				12374	<p>Limitations:</p>
				12375	<ul>
				12376
				12377	<li>Input values must be integers (such as 1 or 1.0) and cannot contain decimals (such as 1.2).</li>
				12378	</ul>
				12379	</li>
				12380	<li>
				12381
				12382	<p>Example 1:</p>
				12383	<p>Perform OR on 3 (0011 in binary) and 6 (0110 in binary).</p>
				12384
				12385	<div>
				12386	<div>
				12387	<pre class="source">{ "BitOR": BITOR(3,6) };
				12388	</pre></div></div>
				12389	</li>
				12390	<li>
				12391
				12392	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12393
				12394	<div>
				12395	<div>
				12396	<pre class="source">{ "BitOR": 7 }
				12397	</pre></div></div>
				12398
				12399	<p>This results in 7 (0<b>111</b> in binary) because at least 1 bit of each (00<b>11</b> and 0<b>11</b>0) is 1 in bits 1, 2, and 3.</p>
				12400	</li>
				12401	<li>
				12402
				12403	<p>Example 2:</p>
				12404	<p>Perform OR on 3 (0011 in binary) and -4 (1000 0000 0000 … 0000 1100 in binary).</p>
				12405
				12406	<div>
				12407	<div>
				12408	<pre class="source">{ "BitOR": BITOR(3,-4) };
				12409	</pre></div></div>
				12410	</li>
				12411	<li>
				12412
				12413	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12414
				12415	<div>
				12416	<div>
				12417	<pre class="source">{ "BitOR": -1 }
				12418	</pre></div></div>
				12419
				12420	<p>This results in -1 (<b>1111 1111 1111 … 1111 1111</b> in binary) because the two 1 bits in 3 fill in the two 0 bits in -4 to turn on all the bits.</p>
				12421	</li>
				12422	<li>
				12423
				12424	<p>Example 3:</p>
				12425	<p>Perform OR on 3 (0011 in binary) and 6 (0110 in binary) and 15 (1111 in binary).</p>
				12426
				12427	<div>
				12428	<div>
				12429	<pre class="source">{ "BitOR": BITOR(3,6,15) };
				12430	</pre></div></div>
				12431	</li>
				12432	<li>
				12433
				12434	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12435
				12436	<div>
				12437	<div>
				12438	<pre class="source">{ "BitOR": 15 }
				12439	</pre></div></div>
				12440
				12441	<p>This results in 15 (1111 in binary) because there is at least one 1 in each of the four rightmost bits.</p>
				12442	</li>
				12443	</ul></div>
				12444	<div class="section">
				12445	<h3><a name="bitset"></a>bitset</h3>
				12446	<ul>
				12447
				12448	<li>
				12449
				12450	<p>Syntax:</p>
				12451
				12452	<div>
				12453	<div>
				12454	<pre class="source">BITSET(int_value, positions)
				12455	</pre></div></div>
				12456	</li>
				12457	<li>
				12458
				12459	<p>Returns the result after setting the specified bit <tt>position</tt>, or array of bit positions, to 1 in the given <tt>int_value</tt>.</p>
				12460	<p><b>Note:</b> Specifying a negative or zero position makes the function return a null.</p>
				12461	</li>
				12462	<li>
				12463
				12464	<p>Arguments:</p>
				12465	<ul>
				12466
				12467	<li>
				12468
				12469	<p><tt>int_value</tt>: An integer, or any valid expression which evaluates to an integer, that contains the target bit or bits to set.</p>
				12470	</li>
				12471	<li>
				12472
				12473	<p><tt>positions</tt>: An integer or an array of integers specifying the position or positions to be set.</p>
				12474	</li>
				12475	</ul>
				12476	</li>
				12477	<li>
				12478
				12479	<p>Return Value:</p>
				12480	<ul>
				12481
				12482	<li>An integer, representing the result after setting the bit or bits specified. If the bit is already set, then it stays set.</li>
				12483	</ul>
				12484	</li>
				12485	<li>
				12486
				12487	<p>Limitations:</p>
				12488	<ul>
				12489
				12490	<li>Input values must be integers (such as 1 or 1.0) and cannot contain decimals (such as 1.2).</li>
				12491	</ul>
				12492	</li>
				12493	<li>
				12494
				12495	<p>Example 1:</p>
				12496	<p>Set bit 1 in the value 6 (011<b>0</b> in binary).</p>
				12497
				12498	<div>
				12499	<div>
				12500	<pre class="source">{ "BitSET": BITSET(6,1) };
				12501	</pre></div></div>
				12502	</li>
				12503	<li>
				12504
				12505	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12506
				12507	<div>
				12508	<div>
				12509	<pre class="source">{ "BitSET": 7 }
				12510	</pre></div></div>
				12511
				12512	<p>This results in 7 (011<b>1</b> in binary) because bit 1 changed to 1.</p>
				12513	</li>
				12514	<li>
				12515
				12516	<p>Example 2:</p>
				12517	<p>Set bits 1 and 2 in the value 6 (01<b>10</b> in binary).</p>
				12518
				12519	<div>
				12520	<div>
				12521	<pre class="source">{ "BitSET": BITSET(6,[1,2]) };
				12522	</pre></div></div>
				12523	</li>
				12524	<li>
				12525
				12526	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12527
				12528	<div>
				12529	<div>
				12530	<pre class="source">{ "BitSET": 7 }
				12531	</pre></div></div>
				12532
				12533	<p>This also results in 7 (01<b>11</b> in binary) because bit 1 changed while bit 2 remained the same.</p>
				12534	</li>
				12535	<li>
				12536
				12537	<p>Example 3:</p>
				12538	<p>Set bits 1 and 4 in the value 6 (<b>0</b>11<b>0</b> in binary).</p>
				12539
				12540	<div>
				12541	<div>
				12542	<pre class="source">{ "BitSET": BITSET(6,[1,4]) };
				12543	</pre></div></div>
				12544	</li>
				12545	<li>
				12546
				12547	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12548
				12549	<div>
				12550	<div>
				12551	<pre class="source">{ "BitSET": 15 }
				12552	</pre></div></div>
				12553
				12554	<p>This results in 15 (<b>1</b>11<b>1</b> in binary) because bit 1 and 4 changed to ones.</p>
				12555	</li>
				12556	</ul></div>
				12557	<div class="section">
				12558	<h3><a name="bitshift"></a>bitshift</h3>
				12559	<ul>
				12560
				12561	<li>
				12562
				12563	<p>Syntax:</p>
				12564
				12565	<div>
				12566	<div>
				12567	<pre class="source">BITSHIFT(int_value, shift_amount[, rotate])
				12568	</pre></div></div>
				12569	</li>
				12570	<li>
				12571
				12572	<p>Returns the result of a bit shift operation performed on the integer value <tt>int_value</tt>. The <tt>shift_amount</tt> supports left and right shifts. These are logical shifts. The third parameter <tt>rotate</tt> supports circular shift. This is similar to the BitROTATE function in Oracle.</p>
				12573	</li>
				12574	<li>
				12575
				12576	<p>Arguments:</p>
				12577	<ul>
				12578
				12579	<li>
				12580
				12581	<p><tt>int_value</tt>: An integer, or any valid expression which evaluates to an integer, that contains the target bit or bits to shift.</p>
				12582	</li>
				12583	<li>
				12584
				12585	<p><tt>shift_amount</tt>: An integer, or any valid expression which evaluates to an integer, that contains the number of bits to shift.</p>
				12586	<ul>
				12587
				12588	<li>
				12589
				12590	<p>A positive (+) number means this is a LEFT shift.</p>
				12591	</li>
				12592	<li>
				12593
				12594	<p>A negative (-) number means this is a RIGHT shift.</p>
				12595	</li>
				12596	</ul>
				12597	</li>
				12598	<li>
				12599
				12600	<p><tt>rotate</tt>: (Optional) A boolean, or any valid expression which evaluates to a boolean, where:</p>
				12601	<ul>
				12602
				12603	<li>
				12604
				12605	<p>FALSE means this is a LOGICAL shift, where bits shifted off the end of a value are considered lost.</p>
				12606	</li>
				12607	<li>
				12608
				12609	<p>TRUE means this is a CIRCULAR shift (shift-and-rotate operation), where bits shifted off the end of a value are rotated back onto the value at the <i>other</i> end. In other words, the bits rotate in what might be thought of as a circular pattern; therefore, these bits are not lost.</p>
				12610	</li>
				12611	</ul>
				12612	<p>If omitted, the default is FALSE.</p>
				12613	</li>
				12614	</ul>
				12615	<p>For comparison, see the below table.</p>
				12616	<table border="0" class="table table-striped">
				12617	<thead>
				12618
				12619	<tr class="a">
				12620	<th> Input </th>
				12621	<th> Shift </th>
				12622	<th> Result of Logical Shift (Rotate FALSE) </th>
				12623	<th> Result of Circular Shift (Rotate TRUE) </th></tr>
				12624	</thead><tbody>
				12625
				12626	<tr class="b">
				12627	<td> 6 (0000 0110) </td>
				12628	<td> 4 </td>
				12629	<td> 96 (0110 0000) </td>
				12630	<td> 96 (0110 0000) </td></tr>
				12631	<tr class="a">
				12632	<td> 6 (0000 0110) </td>
				12633	<td> 3 </td>
				12634	<td> 48 (0011 0000) </td>
				12635	<td> 48 (0011 0000) </td></tr>
				12636	<tr class="b">
				12637	<td> 6 (0000 0110) </td>
				12638	<td> 2 </td>
				12639	<td> 24 (0001 1000) </td>
				12640	<td> 24 (0001 1000) </td></tr>
				12641	<tr class="a">
				12642	<td> 6 (0000 0110) </td>
				12643	<td> 1 </td>
				12644	<td> 12 (0000 1100) </td>
				12645	<td> 12 (0000 1100) </td></tr>
				12646	<tr class="b">
				12647	<td> <b>6 (0000 0110)</b> </td>
				12648	<td> <b>0</b> </td>
				12649	<td> <b>6 (0000 0110)</b> </td>
				12650	<td> <b>6 (0000 0110)</b> </td></tr>
				12651	<tr class="a">
				12652	<td> 6 (0000 0110) </td>
				12653	<td> -1 </td>
				12654	<td> 3 (0000 0011) </td>
				12655	<td> 3 (0000 0011) </td></tr>
				12656	<tr class="b">
				12657	<td> 6 (0000 0110) </td>
				12658	<td> -2 </td>
				12659	<td> 1 (0000 0001) </td>
				12660	<td> -9223372036854775807 (1000 0000 … 0000 0001) </td></tr>
				12661	<tr class="a">
				12662	<td> 6 (0000 0110) </td>
				12663	<td> -3 </td>
				12664	<td> 0 (0000 0000) </td>
				12665	<td> -4611686018427387904 (1100 0000 … 0000 0000) </td></tr>
				12666	<tr class="b">
				12667	<td> 6 (0000 0110) </td>
				12668	<td> -4 </td>
				12669	<td> 0 (0000 0000) </td>
				12670	<td> 6917529027641081856 (0110 0000 … 0000 0000) </td></tr>
				12671	</tbody>
				12672	</table>
				12673	</li>
				12674	<li>
				12675
				12676	<p>Return Value:</p>
				12677	<ul>
				12678
				12679	<li>An integer, representing the result of either a logical or circular shift of the given integer.</li>
				12680	</ul>
				12681	</li>
				12682	<li>
				12683
				12684	<p>Limitations:</p>
				12685	<ul>
				12686
				12687	<li>Input values must be integers (such as 1 or 1.0) and cannot contain decimals (such as 1.2).</li>
				12688	</ul>
				12689	</li>
				12690	<li>
				12691
				12692	<p>Example 1:</p>
				12693	<p>Logical left shift of the number 6 (0110 in binary) by one bit.</p>
				12694
				12695	<div>
				12696	<div>
				12697	<pre class="source">{ "BitSHIFT": BITSHIFT(6,1,FALSE) };
				12698	</pre></div></div>
				12699	</li>
				12700	<li>
				12701
				12702	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12703
				12704	<div>
				12705	<div>
				12706	<pre class="source">{ "BitSHIFT": 12 }
				12707	</pre></div></div>
				12708
				12709	<p>This results in 12 (1100 in binary) because the 1-bits moved from positions 2 and 3 to positions 3 and 4.</p>
				12710	</li>
				12711	<li>
				12712
				12713	<p>Example 2:</p>
				12714	<p>Logical right shift of the number 6 (0110 in binary) by two bits.</p>
				12715
				12716	<div>
				12717	<div>
				12718	<pre class="source">{ "BitSHIFT": BITSHIFT(6,-2) };
				12719	</pre></div></div>
				12720	</li>
				12721	<li>
				12722
				12723	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12724
				12725	<div>
				12726	<div>
				12727	<pre class="source">{ "BitSHIFT": 1 }
				12728	</pre></div></div>
				12729
				12730	<p>This results in 1 (0001 in binary) because the 1-bit in position 3 moved to position 1 and the 1-bit in position 2 was dropped.</p>
				12731	</li>
				12732	<li>
				12733
				12734	<p>Example 2b:</p>
				12735	<p>Circular right shift of the number 6 (0110 in binary) by two bits.</p>
				12736
				12737	<div>
				12738	<div>
				12739	<pre class="source">{ "BitSHIFT": BITSHIFT(6,-2,TRUE) };
				12740	</pre></div></div>
				12741	</li>
				12742	<li>
				12743
				12744	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12745
				12746	<div>
				12747	<div>
				12748	<pre class="source">{ "BitSHIFT": -9223372036854775807 }
				12749	</pre></div></div>
				12750
				12751	<p>This results in -9223372036854775807 (1100 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 in binary) because the two 1-bits wrapped right, around to the Most Significant Digit position and changed the integer’s sign to negative.</p>
				12752	</li>
				12753	<li>
				12754
				12755	<p>Example 3:</p>
				12756	<p>Circular left shift of the number 524288 (1000 0000 0000 0000 0000 in binary) by 45 bits.</p>
				12757
				12758	<div>
				12759	<div>
				12760	<pre class="source">{ "BitSHIFT": BITSHIFT(524288,45,TRUE) };
				12761	</pre></div></div>
				12762	</li>
				12763	<li>
				12764
				12765	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12766
				12767	<div>
				12768	<div>
				12769	<pre class="source">{ "BitSHIFT": 1 }
				12770	</pre></div></div>
				12771
				12772	<p>This results in 1 because the 1-bit wrapped left, around to the Least Significant Digit position.</p>
				12773	</li>
				12774	</ul></div>
				12775	<div class="section">
				12776	<h3><a name="bittest"></a>bittest</h3>
				12777	<ul>
				12778
				12779	<li>
				12780
				12781	<p>Syntax:</p>
				12782
				12783	<div>
				12784	<div>
				12785	<pre class="source">BITTEST(int_value, positions [, all_set])
				12786	</pre></div></div>
				12787	</li>
				12788	<li>
				12789
				12790	<p>Returns TRUE if the specified bit, or bits, is a 1; otherwise, returns FALSE if the specified bit, or bits, is a 0 (zero).</p>
				12791	<p><b>Note:</b> Specifying a negative or zero bit position will result in null being returned.</p>
				12792	</li>
				12793	<li>
				12794
				12795	<p>Arguments:</p>
				12796	<ul>
				12797
				12798	<li>
				12799
				12800	<p><tt>int_value</tt>: An integer, or any valid expression which evaluates to an integer, that contains the target bit or bits to test.</p>
				12801	</li>
				12802	<li>
				12803
				12804	<p><tt>positions</tt>: An integer or an array of integers specifying the position or positions to be tested.</p>
				12805	</li>
				12806	<li>
				12807
				12808	<p><tt>all_set</tt>: (Optional) A boolean, or any valid expression which evaluates to a boolean.</p>
				12809	<ul>
				12810
				12811	<li>
				12812
				12813	<p>When <tt>all_set</tt> is FALSE, then it returns TRUE even if one bit in one of the positions is set.</p>
				12814	</li>
				12815	<li>
				12816
				12817	<p>When <tt>all_set</tt> is TRUE, then it returns TRUE only if all input positions are set.</p>
				12818	</li>
				12819	</ul>
				12820	<p>If omitted, the default is FALSE.</p>
				12821	</li>
				12822	</ul>
				12823	</li>
				12824	<li>
				12825
				12826	<p>Return Value:</p>
				12827	<ul>
				12828
				12829	<li>A boolean, that follows the below table:
				12830	<table border="0" class="table table-striped">
				12831	<thead>
				12832
				12833	<tr class="a">
				12834	<th> <tt>int_value</tt> </th>
				12835	<th> <tt>all_set</tt> </th>
				12836	<th> Return Value </th></tr>
				12837	</thead><tbody>
				12838
				12839	<tr class="b">
				12840	<td> <i>all</i> specified bits are TRUE </td>
				12841	<td> FALSE </td>
				12842	<td> TRUE </td></tr>
				12843	<tr class="a">
				12844	<td> <i>all</i> specified bits are TRUE </td>
				12845	<td> TRUE </td>
				12846	<td> TRUE </td></tr>
				12847	<tr class="b">
				12848	<td> <i>some</i> specified bits are TRUE </td>
				12849	<td> FALSE </td>
				12850	<td> TRUE </td></tr>
				12851	<tr class="a">
				12852	<td> <i>some</i> specified bits are TRUE </td>
				12853	<td> TRUE </td>
				12854	<td> FALSE </td></tr>
				12855	</tbody>
				12856	</table>
				12857	</li>
				12858	</ul>
				12859	</li>
				12860	<li>
				12861
				12862	<p>Limitations:</p>
				12863	<ul>
				12864
				12865	<li>Input values must be integers (such as 1 or 1.0) and cannot contain decimals (such as 1.2).</li>
				12866	</ul>
				12867	</li>
				12868	<li>
				12869
				12870	<p>Example 1:</p>
				12871	<p>In the number 6 (0110 in binary), is bit 1 set?</p>
				12872
				12873	<div>
				12874	<div>
				12875	<pre class="source">{ "IsBitSET": ISBITSET(6,1) };
				12876	</pre></div></div>
				12877	</li>
				12878	<li>
				12879
				12880	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12881
				12882	<div>
				12883	<div>
				12884	<pre class="source">{ "IsBitSET": false }
				12885	</pre></div></div>
				12886
				12887	<p>This returns FALSE because bit 1 of 6 (011<b>0</b> in binary) is not set to 1.</p>
				12888	</li>
				12889	<li>
				12890
				12891	<p>Example 2:</p>
				12892	<p>In the number 1, is either bit 1 or bit 2 set?</p>
				12893
				12894	<div>
				12895	<div>
				12896	<pre class="source">{ "BitTEST": BITTEST(1,[1,2],FALSE) };
				12897	</pre></div></div>
				12898	</li>
				12899	<li>
				12900
				12901	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12902
				12903	<div>
				12904	<div>
				12905	<pre class="source">{ "BitTEST": true }
				12906	</pre></div></div>
				12907
				12908	<p>This returns TRUE because bit 1 of the number 1 (000<b>1</b> in binary) is set to 1.</p>
				12909	</li>
				12910	<li>
				12911
				12912	<p>Example 3:</p>
				12913	<p>In the number 6 (0110 in binary), are both bits 2 and 3 set?</p>
				12914
				12915	<div>
				12916	<div>
				12917	<pre class="source">{ "IsBitSET": ISBITSET(6,[2,3],TRUE) };
				12918	</pre></div></div>
				12919	</li>
				12920	<li>
				12921
				12922	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12923
				12924	<div>
				12925	<div>
				12926	<pre class="source">{ "IsBitSET": true }
				12927	</pre></div></div>
				12928
				12929	<p>This returns TRUE because both bits 2 and 3 in the number 6 (0<b>11</b>0 in binary) are set to 1.</p>
				12930	</li>
				12931	<li>
				12932
				12933	<p>Example 4:</p>
				12934	<p>In the number 6 (0110 in binary), are all the bits in positions 1 through 3 set?</p>
				12935
				12936	<div>
				12937	<div>
				12938	<pre class="source">{ "BitTEST": BITTEST(6,[1,3],TRUE) };
				12939	</pre></div></div>
				12940	</li>
				12941	<li>
				12942
				12943	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12944
				12945	<div>
				12946	<div>
				12947	<pre class="source">{ "BitTEST": false }
				12948	</pre></div></div>
				12949
				12950	<p>This returns FALSE because bit 1 in the number 6 (011<b>0</b> in binary) is set to 0 (zero).</p>
				12951	</li>
				12952	</ul>
				12953	<p>The function has an alias <tt>isbitset</tt>.</p></div>
				12954	<div class="section">
				12955	<h3><a name="bitxor"></a>bitxor</h3>
				12956	<ul>
				12957
				12958	<li>
				12959
				12960	<p>Syntax:</p>
				12961
				12962	<div>
				12963	<div>
				12964	<pre class="source">BITXOR(int_value1, int_value2, ... , int_valueN)
				12965	</pre></div></div>
				12966	</li>
				12967	<li>
				12968
				12969	<p>Returns the result of a bitwise Exclusive OR operation performed on two or more integer values.</p>
				12970	<p>The bitwise Exclusive OR operation compares each bit of <tt>int_value1</tt> to the corresponding bit of <tt>int_value2</tt>.</p>
				12971	<p>If there are more than two input values, the first two are compared; then their result is compared to the next input value; and so on.</p>
				12972	<p>When the compared bits do not match, the result bit is 1; otherwise, the compared bits do match, and the result bit is 0 (zero), as summarized:</p>
				12973	<table border="0" class="table table-striped">
				12974	<thead>
				12975
				12976	<tr class="a">
				12977	<th> Bit 1 </th>
				12978	<th> Bit 2 </th>
				12979	<th> XOR Result Bit </th></tr>
				12980	</thead><tbody>
				12981
				12982	<tr class="b">
				12983	<td> 0 </td>
				12984	<td> 0 </td>
				12985	<td> 0 </td></tr>
				12986	<tr class="a">
				12987	<td> 0 </td>
				12988	<td> 1 </td>
				12989	<td> 1 </td></tr>
				12990	<tr class="b">
				12991	<td> 1 </td>
				12992	<td> 0 </td>
				12993	<td> 1 </td></tr>
				12994	<tr class="a">
				12995	<td> 1 </td>
				12996	<td> 1 </td>
				12997	<td> 0 </td></tr>
				12998	</tbody>
				12999	</table>
				13000	</li>
				13001	<li>
				13002
				13003	<p>Arguments:</p>
				13004	<ul>
				13005
				13006	<li><tt>int_valueI</tt>: Integers, or any valid expressions which evaluate to integers, that are used to compare.</li>
				13007	</ul>
				13008	</li>
				13009	<li>
				13010
				13011	<p>Return Value:</p>
				13012	<ul>
				13013
				13014	<li>An integer, representing the bitwise XOR between the input integers.</li>
				13015	</ul>
				13016	</li>
				13017	<li>
				13018
				13019	<p>Limitations:</p>
				13020	<ul>
				13021
				13022	<li>Input values must be integers (such as 1 or 1.0) and cannot contain decimals (such as 1.2).</li>
				13023	</ul>
				13024	</li>
				13025	<li>
				13026
				13027	<p>Example 1:</p>
				13028	<p>Perform the XOR operation on 3 (0011 in binary) and 6 (0110 in binary).</p>
				13029
				13030	<div>
				13031	<div>
				13032	<pre class="source">{ "BitXOR": BITXOR(3,6) };
				13033	</pre></div></div>
				13034	</li>
				13035	<li>
				13036
				13037	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				13038
				13039	<div>
				13040	<div>
				13041	<pre class="source">{ "BitXOR": 5 }
				13042	</pre></div></div>
				13043
				13044	<p>This returns 5 (0101 in binary) because the 1st bit pair and 3rd bit pair are different (resulting in 1) while the 2nd bit pair and 4th bit pair are the same (resulting in 0):</p>
				13045
				13046	<div>
				13047	<div>
				13048	<pre class="source">0011 (3)
				13049	0110 (6)
				13050	====
				13051	0101 (5)
				13052	</pre></div></div>
				13053	</li>
				13054	<li>
				13055
				13056	<p>Example 2:</p>
				13057	<p>Perform the XOR operation on 3 (0011 in binary) and 6 (0110 in binary) and 15 (1111 in binary).</p>
				13058
				13059	<div>
				13060	<div>
				13061	<pre class="source">{ "BitXOR": BITXOR(3,6,15) };
				13062	</pre></div></div>
				13063	</li>
				13064	<li>
				13065
				13066	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				13067
				13068	<div>
				13069	<div>
				13070	<pre class="source">{ "BitXOR": 10 }
				13071	</pre></div></div>
				13072
				13073	<p>This returns 10 (1010 in binary) because 3 XOR 6 equals 5 (0101 in binary), and then 5 XOR 15 equals 10 (1010 in binary).</p>
				13074	</li>
				13075	</ul><!--
				13076	! Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
				13077	! or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
				13078	! distributed with this work for additional information
				13079	! regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
				13080	! to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
				13081	! "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
				13082	! with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
				13083	!
				13084	! http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
				13085	!
				13086	! Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
				13087	! software distributed under the License is distributed on an
				13088	! "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
				13089	! KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
				13090	! specific language governing permissions and limitations
				13091	! under the License.
				13092	!-->
				13093	</div></div>
				13094	<div class="section">
				13095	<h2><a name="Window_Functions"></a><a name="WindowFunctions" id="WindowFunctions">Window Functions</a></h2>
				13096	<p>Window functions are used to compute an aggregate or cumulative value, based on a portion of the tuples selected by a query. For each input tuple, a movable window of tuples is defined. The window determines the tuples to be used by the window function.</p>
				13097	<p>The tuples are not grouped into a single output tuple — each tuple remains separate in the query output.</p>
				13098	<p>All window functions must be used with an OVER clause. Refer to <a href="manual.html#Over_clauses">OVER Clauses</a> for details.</p>
				13099	<p>Window functions cannot appear in the FROM clause clause or LIMIT clause.</p>
				13100	<p>The examples in this section use the <tt>GleambookMessages</tt> dataset, described in the section on <a href="manual.html#SELECT_statements">SELECT Statements</a>.</p>
				13101	<div class="section">
				13102	<h3><a name="cume_dist"></a>cume_dist</h3>
				13103	<ul>
				13104
				13105	<li>
				13106
				13107	<p>Syntax:</p>
				13108
				13109	<div>
				13110	<div>
				13111	<pre class="source">CUME_DIST() OVER ([window-partition-clause] [window-order-clause])
				13112	</pre></div></div>
				13113	</li>
				13114	<li>
				13115
				13116	<p>Returns the percentile rank of the current tuple as part of the cumulative distribution – that is, the number of tuples ranked lower than or equal to the current tuple, including the current tuple, divided by the total number of tuples in the window partition.</p>
				13117	<p>The window order clause determines the sort order of the tuples. If the window order clause is omitted, the function returns the same result (1.0) for each tuple.</p>
				13118	</li>
				13119	<li>
				13120
				13121	<p>Arguments:</p>
				13122	<ul>
				13123
				13124	<li>None.</li>
				13125	</ul>
				13126	</li>
				13127	<li>
				13128
				13129	<p>Clauses:</p>
				13130	<ul>
				13131
				13132	<li>
				13133
				13134	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_partition_clause">Window Partition Clause</a>.</p>
				13135	</li>
				13136	<li>
				13137
				13138	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_order_clause">Window Order Clause</a>.</p>
				13139	</li>
				13140	</ul>
				13141	</li>
				13142	<li>
				13143
				13144	<p>Return Value:</p>
				13145	<ul>
				13146
				13147	<li>A number greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1. The higher the value, the higher the ranking.</li>
				13148	</ul>
				13149	</li>
				13150	<li>
				13151
				13152	<p>Example:</p>
				13153	<p>For each author, find the cumulative distribution of all messages in order of message ID.</p>
				13154
				13155	<div>
				13156	<div>
				13157	<pre class="source">SELECT m.messageId, m.authorId, CUME_DIST() OVER (
				13158	PARTITION BY m.authorId
				13159	ORDER BY m.messageId
				13160	) AS `rank`
				13161	FROM GleambookMessages AS m;
				13162	</pre></div></div>
				13163	</li>
				13164	<li>
				13165
				13166	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				13167
				13168	<div>
				13169	<div>
				13170	<pre class="source">[
				13171	{
				13172	"rank": 0.2,
				13173	"messageId": 2,
				13174	"authorId": 1
				13175	},
				13176	{
				13177	"rank": 0.4,
				13178	"messageId": 4,
				13179	"authorId": 1
				13180	},
				13181	{
				13182	"rank": 0.6,
				13183	"messageId": 8,
				13184	"authorId": 1
				13185	},
				13186	{
				13187	"rank": 0.8,
				13188	"messageId": 10,
				13189	"authorId": 1
				13190	},
				13191	{
				13192	"rank": 1,
				13193	"messageId": 11,
				13194	"authorId": 1
				13195	},
				13196	{
				13197	"rank": 0.5,
				13198	"messageId": 3,
				13199	"authorId": 2
				13200	},
				13201	{
				13202	"rank": 1,
				13203	"messageId": 6,
				13204	"authorId": 2
				13205	}
				13206	]
				13207	</pre></div></div>
				13208	</li>
				13209	</ul></div>
				13210	<div class="section">
				13211	<h3><a name="dense_rank"></a>dense_rank</h3>
				13212	<ul>
				13213
				13214	<li>
				13215
				13216	<p>Syntax:</p>
				13217
				13218	<div>
				13219	<div>
				13220	<pre class="source">DENSE_RANK() OVER ([window-partition-clause] [window-order-clause])
				13221	</pre></div></div>
				13222	</li>
				13223	<li>
				13224
				13225	<p>Returns the dense rank of the current tuple – that is, the number of distinct tuples preceding this tuple in the current window partition, plus one.</p>
				13226	<p>The tuples are ordered by the window order clause. If any tuples are tied, they will have the same rank. If the window order clause is omitted, the function returns the same result (1) for each tuple.</p>
				13227	<p>For this function, when any tuples have the same rank, the rank of the next tuple will be consecutive, so there will not be a gap in the sequence of returned values. For example, if there are three tuples ranked 2, the next dense rank is 3.</p>
				13228	</li>
				13229	<li>
				13230
				13231	<p>Arguments:</p>
				13232	<ul>
				13233
				13234	<li>None.</li>
				13235	</ul>
				13236	</li>
				13237	<li>
				13238
				13239	<p>Clauses:</p>
				13240	<ul>
				13241
				13242	<li>
				13243
				13244	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_partition_clause">Window Partition Clause</a>.</p>
				13245	</li>
				13246	<li>
				13247
				13248	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_order_clause">Window Order Clause</a>.</p>
				13249	</li>
				13250	</ul>
				13251	</li>
				13252	<li>
				13253
				13254	<p>Return Value:</p>
				13255	<ul>
				13256
				13257	<li>An integer, greater than or equal to 1.</li>
				13258	</ul>
				13259	</li>
				13260	<li>
				13261
				13262	<p>Example:</p>
				13263	<p>For each author, find the dense rank of all messages in order of location.</p>
				13264
				13265	<div>
				13266	<div>
				13267	<pre class="source">SELECT m.authorId, m.messageId, m.senderLocation[1] as longitude,
				13268	DENSE_RANK() OVER (
				13269	PARTITION BY m.authorId
				13270	ORDER BY m.senderLocation[1]
				13271	) AS `rank`
				13272	FROM GleambookMessages AS m;
				13273	</pre></div></div>
				13274	</li>
				13275	<li>
				13276
				13277	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				13278
				13279	<div>
				13280	<div>
				13281	<pre class="source">[
				13282	{
				13283	"rank": 1,
				13284	"authorId": 1,
				13285	"messageId": 10,
				13286	"longitude": 70.01
				13287	},
				13288	{
				13289	"rank": 2,
				13290	"authorId": 1,
				13291	"messageId": 11,
				13292	"longitude": 77.49
				13293	},
				13294	{
				13295	"rank": 3,
				13296	"authorId": 1,
				13297	"messageId": 2,
				13298	"longitude": 80.87
				13299	},
				13300	{
				13301	"rank": 3,
				13302	"authorId": 1,
				13303	"messageId": 8,
				13304	"longitude": 80.87
				13305	},
				13306	{
				13307	"rank": 4,
				13308	"authorId": 1,
				13309	"messageId": 4,
				13310	"longitude": 97.04
				13311	},
				13312	{
				13313	"rank": 1,
				13314	"authorId": 2,
				13315	"messageId": 6,
				13316	"longitude": 75.56
				13317	},
				13318	{
				13319	"rank": 2,
				13320	"authorId": 2,
				13321	"messageId": 3,
				13322	"longitude": 81.01
				13323	}
				13324	]
				13325	</pre></div></div>
				13326	</li>
				13327	</ul></div>
				13328	<div class="section">
				13329	<h3><a name="first_value"></a>first_value</h3>
				13330	<ul>
				13331
				13332	<li>
				13333
				13334	<p>Syntax:</p>
				13335
				13336	<div>
				13337	<div>
				13338	<pre class="source">FIRST_VALUE(expr) [nulls-treatment] OVER (window-definition)
				13339	</pre></div></div>
				13340	</li>
				13341	<li>
				13342
				13343	<p>Returns the requested value from the first tuple in the current window frame, where the window frame is specified by the window definition.</p>
				13344	</li>
				13345	<li>
				13346
				13347	<p>Arguments:</p>
				13348	<ul>
				13349
				13350	<li><tt>expr</tt>: The value that you want to return from the first tuple in the window frame. <sup>[</sup><a href="#fn_1"><sup>1</sup></a><sup>]</sup></li>
				13351	</ul>
				13352	</li>
				13353	<li>
				13354
				13355	<p>Modifiers:</p>
				13356	<ul>
				13357
				13358	<li><a href="manual.html#Nulls_treatment">Nulls Treatment</a>: (Optional) Determines how NULL or MISSING values are treated when finding the first value in the window frame.
				13359	<ul>
				13360
				13361	<li>
				13362
				13363	<p><tt>IGNORE NULLS</tt>: If the values for any tuples evaluate to NULL or MISSING, those tuples are ignored when finding the first tuple. In this case, the function returns the first non-NULL, non-MISSING value.</p>
				13364	</li>
				13365	<li>
				13366
				13367	<p><tt>RESPECT NULLS</tt>: If the values for any tuples evaluate to NULL or MISSING, those tuples are included when finding the first tuple.</p>
				13368	</li>
				13369	</ul>
				13370	<p>If this modifier is omitted, the default is <tt>RESPECT NULLS</tt>.</p>
				13371	</li>
				13372	</ul>
				13373	</li>
				13374	<li>
				13375
				13376	<p>Clauses:</p>
				13377	<ul>
				13378
				13379	<li>
				13380
				13381	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_partition_clause">Window Partition Clause</a>.</p>
				13382	</li>
				13383	<li>
				13384
				13385	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_order_clause">Window Order Clause</a>.</p>
				13386	</li>
				13387	<li>
				13388
				13389	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_frame_clause">Window Frame Clause</a>.</p>
				13390	</li>
				13391	</ul>
				13392	</li>
				13393	<li>
				13394
				13395	<p>Return Value:</p>
				13396	<ul>
				13397
				13398	<li>
				13399
				13400	<p>The specified value from the first tuple. The order of the tuples is determined by the window order clause.</p>
				13401	</li>
				13402	<li>
				13403
				13404	<p>NULL, if the frame was empty or if all values were NULL or MISSING and the <tt>IGNORE NULLS</tt> modifier was specified.</p>
				13405	</li>
				13406	<li>
				13407
				13408	<p>In the following cases, this function may return unpredictable results.</p>
				13409	<ul>
				13410
				13411	<li>
				13412
				13413	<p>If the window order clause is omitted.</p>
				13414	</li>
				13415	<li>
				13416
				13417	<p>If the window frame is defined by <tt>ROWS</tt>, and there are tied tuples in the window frame.</p>
				13418	</li>
				13419	</ul>
				13420	</li>
				13421	<li>
				13422
				13423	<p>To make the function return deterministic results, add a window order clause, or add further ordering terms to the window order clause so that no tuples are tied.</p>
				13424	</li>
				13425	<li>
				13426
				13427	<p>If the window frame is defined by <tt>RANGE</tt> or <tt>GROUPS</tt>, and there are tied tuples in the window frame, the function returns the first value of the input expression.</p>
				13428	</li>
				13429	</ul>
				13430	</li>
				13431	<li>
				13432
				13433	<p>Example:</p>
				13434	<p>For each author, show the length of each message, including the length of the shortest message from that author.</p>
				13435
				13436	<div>
				13437	<div>
				13438	<pre class="source">SELECT m.authorId, m.messageId,
				13439	LENGTH(m.message) AS message_length,
				13440	FIRST_VALUE(LENGTH(m.message)) OVER (
				13441	PARTITION BY m.authorId
				13442	ORDER BY LENGTH(m.message)
				13443	) AS shortest_message
				13444	FROM GleambookMessages AS m;
				13445	</pre></div></div>
				13446	</li>
				13447	<li>
				13448
				13449	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				13450
				13451	<div>
				13452	<div>
				13453	<pre class="source">[
				13454	{
				13455	"message_length": 31,
				13456	"shortest_message": 31,
				13457	"authorId": 1,
				13458	"messageId": 8
				13459	},
				13460	{
				13461	"message_length": 39,
				13462	"shortest_message": 31,
				13463	"authorId": 1,
				13464	"messageId": 11
				13465	},
				13466	{
				13467	"message_length": 44,
				13468	"shortest_message": 31,
				13469	"authorId": 1,
				13470	"messageId": 4
				13471	},
				13472	{
				13473	"message_length": 45,
				13474	"shortest_message": 31,
				13475	"authorId": 1,
				13476	"messageId": 2
				13477	},
				13478	{
				13479	"message_length": 51,
				13480	"shortest_message": 31,
				13481	"authorId": 1,
				13482	"messageId": 10
				13483	},
				13484	{
				13485	"message_length": 35,
				13486	"shortest_message": 35,
				13487	"authorId": 2,
				13488	"messageId": 3
				13489	},
				13490	{
				13491	"message_length": 44,
				13492	"shortest_message": 35,
				13493	"authorId": 2,
				13494	"messageId": 6
				13495	}
				13496	]
				13497	</pre></div></div>
				13498	</li>
				13499	</ul></div>
				13500	<div class="section">
				13501	<h3><a name="lag"></a>lag</h3>
				13502	<ul>
				13503
				13504	<li>
				13505
				13506	<p>Syntax:</p>
				13507
				13508	<div>
				13509	<div>
				13510	<pre class="source">LAG(expr[, offset[, default]]) [nulls-treatment] OVER ([window-partition-clause] [window-order-clause])
				13511	</pre></div></div>
				13512	</li>
				13513	<li>
				13514
				13515	<p>Returns the value from a tuple at a given offset prior to the current tuple position.</p>
				13516	<p>The window order clause determines the sort order of the tuples. If the window order clause is omitted, the return values may be unpredictable.</p>
				13517	</li>
				13518	<li>
				13519
				13520	<p>Arguments:</p>
				13521	<ul>
				13522
				13523	<li>
				13524
				13525	<p><tt>expr</tt>: The value that you want to return from the offset tuple. <sup>[</sup><a href="#fn_1"><sup>1</sup></a><sup>]</sup></p>
				13526	</li>
				13527	<li>
				13528
				13529	<p><tt>offset</tt>: (Optional) A positive integer. If omitted, the default is 1.</p>
				13530	</li>
				13531	<li>
				13532
				13533	<p><tt>default</tt>: (Optional) The value to return when the offset goes out of partition scope. If omitted, the default is NULL.</p>
				13534	</li>
				13535	</ul>
				13536	</li>
				13537	<li>
				13538
				13539	<p>Modifiers:</p>
				13540	<ul>
				13541
				13542	<li><a href="manual.html#Nulls_treatment">Nulls Treatment</a>: (Optional) Determines how NULL or MISSING values are treated when finding the offset tuple in the window partition.
				13543	<ul>
				13544
				13545	<li>
				13546
				13547	<p><tt>IGNORE NULLS</tt>: If the values for any tuples evaluate to NULL or MISSING, those tuples are ignored when finding the offset tuple.</p>
				13548	</li>
				13549	<li>
				13550
				13551	<p><tt>RESPECT NULLS</tt>: If the values for any tuples evaluate to NULL or MISSING, those tuples are included when finding the offset tuple.</p>
				13552	</li>
				13553	</ul>
				13554	<p>If this modifier is omitted, the default is <tt>RESPECT NULLS</tt>.</p>
				13555	</li>
				13556	</ul>
				13557	</li>
				13558	<li>
				13559
				13560	<p>Clauses:</p>
				13561	<ul>
				13562
				13563	<li>
				13564
				13565	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_partition_clause">Window Partition Clause</a>.</p>
				13566	</li>
				13567	<li>
				13568
				13569	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_order_clause">Window Order Clause</a>.</p>
				13570	</li>
				13571	</ul>
				13572	</li>
				13573	<li>
				13574
				13575	<p>Return Value:</p>
				13576	<ul>
				13577
				13578	<li>
				13579
				13580	<p>The specified value from the offset tuple.</p>
				13581	</li>
				13582	<li>
				13583
				13584	<p>If the offset tuple is out of partition scope, it returns the default value, or NULL if no default is specified.</p>
				13585	</li>
				13586	</ul>
				13587	</li>
				13588	<li>
				13589
				13590	<p>Example:</p>
				13591	<p>For each author, show the length of each message, including the length of the next-shortest message.</p>
				13592
				13593	<div>
				13594	<div>
				13595	<pre class="source">SELECT m.authorId, m.messageId,
				13596	LENGTH(m.message) AS message_length,
				13597	LAG(LENGTH(m.message), 1, "No shorter message") OVER (
				13598	PARTITION BY m.authorId
				13599	ORDER BY LENGTH(m.message)
				13600	) AS next_shortest_message
				13601	FROM GleambookMessages AS m;
				13602	</pre></div></div>
				13603	</li>
				13604	<li>
				13605
				13606	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				13607
				13608	<div>
				13609	<div>
				13610	<pre class="source">[
				13611	{
				13612	"message_length": 31,
				13613	"authorId": 1,
				13614	"messageId": 8,
				13615	"next_shortest_message": "No shorter message"
				13616	},
				13617	{
				13618	"message_length": 39,
				13619	"authorId": 1,
				13620	"messageId": 11,
				13621	"next_shortest_message": 31
				13622	},
				13623	{
				13624	"message_length": 44,
				13625	"authorId": 1,
				13626	"messageId": 4,
				13627	"next_shortest_message": 39
				13628	},
				13629	{
				13630	"message_length": 45,
				13631	"authorId": 1,
				13632	"messageId": 2,
				13633	"next_shortest_message": 44
				13634	},
				13635	{
				13636	"message_length": 51,
				13637	"authorId": 1,
				13638	"messageId": 10,
				13639	"next_shortest_message": 45
				13640	},
				13641	{
				13642	"message_length": 35,
				13643	"authorId": 2,
				13644	"messageId": 3,
				13645	"next_shortest_message": "No shorter message"
				13646	},
				13647	{
				13648	"message_length": 44,
				13649	"authorId": 2,
				13650	"messageId": 6,
				13651	"next_shortest_message": 35
				13652	}
				13653	]
				13654	</pre></div></div>
				13655	</li>
				13656	</ul></div>
				13657	<div class="section">
				13658	<h3><a name="last_value"></a>last_value</h3>
				13659	<ul>
				13660
				13661	<li>
				13662
				13663	<p>Syntax:</p>
				13664
				13665	<div>
				13666	<div>
				13667	<pre class="source">LAST_VALUE(expr) [nulls-treatment] OVER (window-definition)
				13668	</pre></div></div>
				13669	</li>
				13670	<li>
				13671
				13672	<p>Returns the requested value from the last tuple in the current window frame, where the window frame is specified by the window definition.</p>
				13673	</li>
				13674	<li>
				13675
				13676	<p>Arguments:</p>
				13677	<ul>
				13678
				13679	<li><tt>expr</tt>: The value that you want to return from the last tuple in the window frame. <sup>[</sup><a href="#fn_1"><sup>1</sup></a><sup>]</sup></li>
				13680	</ul>
				13681	</li>
				13682	<li>
				13683
				13684	<p>Modifiers:</p>
				13685	<ul>
				13686
				13687	<li><a href="manual.html#Nulls_treatment">Nulls Treatment</a>: (Optional) Determines how NULL or MISSING values are treated when finding the last tuple in the window frame.
				13688	<ul>
				13689
				13690	<li>
				13691
				13692	<p><tt>IGNORE NULLS</tt>: If the values for any tuples evaluate to NULL or MISSING, those tuples are ignored when finding the last tuple. In this case, the function returns the last non-NULL, non-MISSING value.</p>
				13693	</li>
				13694	<li>
				13695
				13696	<p><tt>RESPECT NULLS</tt>: If the values for any tuples evaluate to NULL or MISSING, those tuples are included when finding the last tuple.</p>
				13697	</li>
				13698	</ul>
				13699	<p>If this modifier is omitted, the default is <tt>RESPECT NULLS</tt>.</p>
				13700	</li>
				13701	</ul>
				13702	</li>
				13703	<li>
				13704
				13705	<p>Clauses:</p>
				13706	<ul>
				13707
				13708	<li>
				13709
				13710	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_partition_clause">Window Partition Clause</a>.</p>
				13711	</li>
				13712	<li>
				13713
				13714	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_order_clause">Window Order Clause</a>.</p>
				13715	</li>
				13716	<li>
				13717
				13718	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_frame_clause">Window Frame Clause</a>.</p>
				13719	</li>
				13720	</ul>
				13721	</li>
				13722	<li>
				13723
				13724	<p>Return Value:</p>
				13725	<ul>
				13726
				13727	<li>
				13728
				13729	<p>The specified value from the last tuple. The order of the tuples is determined by the window order clause.</p>
				13730	</li>
				13731	<li>
				13732
				13733	<p>NULL, if the frame was empty or if all values were NULL or MISSING and the <tt>IGNORE NULLS</tt> modifier was specified.</p>
				13734	</li>
				13735	<li>
				13736
				13737	<p>In the following cases, this function may return unpredictable results.</p>
				13738	<ul>
				13739
				13740	<li>
				13741
				13742	<p>If the window order clause is omitted.</p>
				13743	</li>
				13744	<li>
				13745
				13746	<p>If the window frame clause is omitted.</p>
				13747	</li>
				13748	<li>
				13749
				13750	<p>If the window frame is defined by <tt>ROWS</tt>, and there are tied tuples in the window frame.</p>
				13751	</li>
				13752	</ul>
				13753	</li>
				13754	<li>
				13755
				13756	<p>To make the function return deterministic results, add a window order clause, or add further ordering terms to the window order clause so that no tuples are tied.</p>
				13757	</li>
				13758	<li>
				13759
				13760	<p>If the window frame is defined by <tt>RANGE</tt> or <tt>GROUPS</tt>, and there are tied tuples in the window frame, the function returns the last value of the input expression.</p>
				13761	</li>
				13762	</ul>
				13763	</li>
				13764	<li>
				13765
				13766	<p>Example:</p>
				13767	<p>For each author, show the length of each message, including the length of the longest message from that author.</p>
				13768
				13769	<div>
				13770	<div>
				13771	<pre class="source">SELECT m.authorId, m.messageId,
				13772	LENGTH(m.message) AS message_length,
				13773	LAST_VALUE(LENGTH(m.message)) OVER (
				13774	PARTITION BY m.authorId
				13775	ORDER BY LENGTH(m.message)
				13776	ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING -- ➊
				13777	) AS longest_message
				13778	FROM GleambookMessages AS m;
				13779	</pre></div></div>
				13780	</li>
				13781	<li>
				13782
				13783	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				13784
				13785	<div>
				13786	<div>
				13787	<pre class="source">[
				13788	{
				13789	"message_length": 31,
				13790	"longest_message": 51,
				13791	"authorId": 1,
				13792	"messageId": 8
				13793	},
				13794	{
				13795	"message_length": 39,
				13796	"longest_message": 51,
				13797	"authorId": 1,
				13798	"messageId": 11
				13799	},
				13800	{
				13801	"message_length": 44,
				13802	"longest_message": 51,
				13803	"authorId": 1,
				13804	"messageId": 4
				13805	},
				13806	{
				13807	"message_length": 45,
				13808	"longest_message": 51,
				13809	"authorId": 1,
				13810	"messageId": 2
				13811	},
				13812	{
				13813	"message_length": 51,
				13814	"longest_message": 51,
				13815	"authorId": 1,
				13816	"messageId": 10
				13817	},
				13818	{
				13819	"message_length": 35,
				13820	"longest_message": 44,
				13821	"authorId": 2,
				13822	"messageId": 3
				13823	},
				13824	{
				13825	"message_length": 44,
				13826	"longest_message": 44,
				13827	"authorId": 2,
				13828	"messageId": 6
				13829	}
				13830	]
				13831	</pre></div></div>
				13832
				13833	<p>➀ This clause specifies that the window frame should extend to the end of the window partition. Without this clause, the end point of the window frame would always be the current tuple. This would mean that the longest message would always be the same as the current message.</p>
				13834	</li>
				13835	</ul></div>
				13836	<div class="section">
				13837	<h3><a name="lead"></a>lead</h3>
				13838	<ul>
				13839
				13840	<li>
				13841
				13842	<p>Syntax:</p>
				13843
				13844	<div>
				13845	<div>
				13846	<pre class="source">LEAD(expr[, offset[, default]]) [nulls-treatment] OVER ([window-partition-clause] [window-order-clause])
				13847	</pre></div></div>
				13848	</li>
				13849	<li>
				13850
				13851	<p>Returns the value from a tuple at a given offset ahead of the current tuple position.</p>
				13852	<p>The window order clause determines the sort order of the tuples. If the window order clause is omitted, the return values may be unpredictable.</p>
				13853	</li>
				13854	<li>
				13855
				13856	<p>Arguments:</p>
				13857	<ul>
				13858
				13859	<li>
				13860
				13861	<p><tt>expr</tt>: The value that you want to return from the offset tuple. <sup>[</sup><a href="#fn_1"><sup>1</sup></a><sup>]</sup></p>
				13862	</li>
				13863	<li>
				13864
				13865	<p><tt>offset</tt>: (Optional) A positive integer. If omitted, the default is 1.</p>
				13866	</li>
				13867	<li>
				13868
				13869	<p><tt>default</tt>: (Optional) The value to return when the offset goes out of window partition scope. If omitted, the default is NULL.</p>
				13870	</li>
				13871	</ul>
				13872	</li>
				13873	<li>
				13874
				13875	<p>Modifiers:</p>
				13876	<ul>
				13877
				13878	<li><a href="manual.html#Nulls_treatment">Nulls Treatment</a>: (Optional) Determines how NULL or MISSING values are treated when finding the offset tuple in the window partition.
				13879	<ul>
				13880
				13881	<li>
				13882
				13883	<p><tt>IGNORE NULLS</tt>: If the values for any tuples evaluate to NULL or MISSING, those tuples are ignored when finding the offset tuple.</p>
				13884	</li>
				13885	<li>
				13886
				13887	<p><tt>RESPECT NULLS</tt>: If the values for any tuples evaluate to NULL or MISSING, those tuples are included when finding the offset tuple.</p>
				13888	</li>
				13889	</ul>
				13890	<p>If this modifier is omitted, the default is <tt>RESPECT NULLS</tt>.</p>
				13891	</li>
				13892	</ul>
				13893	</li>
				13894	<li>
				13895
				13896	<p>Clauses:</p>
				13897	<ul>
				13898
				13899	<li>
				13900
				13901	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_partition_clause">Window Partition Clause</a>.</p>
				13902	</li>
				13903	<li>
				13904
				13905	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_order_clause">Window Order Clause</a>.</p>
				13906	</li>
				13907	</ul>
				13908	</li>
				13909	<li>
				13910
				13911	<p>Return Value:</p>
				13912	<ul>
				13913
				13914	<li>
				13915
				13916	<p>The specified value from the offset tuple.</p>
				13917	</li>
				13918	<li>
				13919
				13920	<p>If the offset tuple is out of partition scope, it returns the default value, or NULL if no default is specified.</p>
				13921	</li>
				13922	</ul>
				13923	</li>
				13924	<li>
				13925
				13926	<p>Example:</p>
				13927	<p>For each author, show the length of each message, including the length of the next-longest message.</p>
				13928
				13929	<div>
				13930	<div>
				13931	<pre class="source">SELECT m.authorId, m.messageId,
				13932	LENGTH(m.message) AS message_length,
				13933	LEAD(LENGTH(m.message), 1, "No longer message") OVER (
				13934	PARTITION BY m.authorId
				13935	ORDER BY LENGTH(m.message)
				13936	) AS next_longest_message
				13937	FROM GleambookMessages AS m;
				13938	</pre></div></div>
				13939	</li>
				13940	<li>
				13941
				13942	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				13943
				13944	<div>
				13945	<div>
				13946	<pre class="source">[
				13947	{
				13948	"message_length": 31,
				13949	"authorId": 1,
				13950	"messageId": 8,
				13951	"next_longest_message": 39
				13952	},
				13953	{
				13954	"message_length": 39,
				13955	"authorId": 1,
				13956	"messageId": 11,
				13957	"next_longest_message": 44
				13958	},
				13959	{
				13960	"message_length": 44,
				13961	"authorId": 1,
				13962	"messageId": 4,
				13963	"next_longest_message": 45
				13964	},
				13965	{
				13966	"message_length": 45,
				13967	"authorId": 1,
				13968	"messageId": 2,
				13969	"next_longest_message": 51
				13970	},
				13971	{
				13972	"message_length": 51,
				13973	"authorId": 1,
				13974	"messageId": 10,
				13975	"next_longest_message": "No longer message"
				13976	},
				13977	{
				13978	"message_length": 35,
				13979	"authorId": 2,
				13980	"messageId": 3,
				13981	"next_longest_message": 44
				13982	},
				13983	{
				13984	"message_length": 44,
				13985	"authorId": 2,
				13986	"messageId": 6,
				13987	"next_longest_message": "No longer message"
				13988	}
				13989	]
				13990	</pre></div></div>
				13991	</li>
				13992	</ul></div>
				13993	<div class="section">
				13994	<h3><a name="nth_value"></a>nth_value</h3>
				13995	<ul>
				13996
				13997	<li>
				13998
				13999	<p>Syntax:</p>
				14000
				14001	<div>
				14002	<div>
				14003	<pre class="source">NTH_VALUE(expr, offset) [nthval-from] [nulls-treatment] OVER (window-definition)
				14004	</pre></div></div>
				14005	</li>
				14006	<li>
				14007
				14008	<p>Returns the requested value from a tuple in the current window frame, where the window frame is specified by the window definition.</p>
				14009	</li>
				14010	<li>
				14011
				14012	<p>Arguments:</p>
				14013	<ul>
				14014
				14015	<li>
				14016
				14017	<p><tt>expr</tt>: The value that you want to return from the offset tuple in the window frame. <sup>[</sup><a href="#fn_1"><sup>1</sup></a><sup>]</sup></p>
				14018	</li>
				14019	<li>
				14020
				14021	<p><tt>offset</tt>: The number of the offset tuple within the window frame, counting from 1.</p>
				14022	</li>
				14023	</ul>
				14024	</li>
				14025	<li>
				14026
				14027	<p>Modifiers:</p>
				14028	<ul>
				14029
				14030	<li>
				14031
				14032	<p><a href="manual.html#Nth_val_from">Nth Val From</a>: (Optional) Determines where the function starts counting the offset.</p>
				14033	<ul>
				14034
				14035	<li>
				14036
				14037	<p><tt>FROM FIRST</tt>: Counting starts at the first tuple in the window frame. In this case, an offset of 1 is the first tuple in the window frame, 2 is the second tuple, and so on.</p>
				14038	</li>
				14039	<li>
				14040
				14041	<p><tt>FROM LAST</tt>: Counting starts at the last tuple in the window frame. In this case, an offset of 1 is the last tuple in the window frame, 2 is the second-to-last tuple, and so on.</p>
				14042	</li>
				14043	</ul>
				14044	<p>The order of the tuples is determined by the window order clause. If this modifier is omitted, the default is <tt>FROM FIRST</tt>.</p>
				14045	</li>
				14046	<li>
				14047
				14048	<p><a href="manual.html#Nulls_treatment">Nulls Treatment</a>: (Optional) Determines how NULL or MISSING values are treated when finding the offset tuple in the window frame.</p>
				14049	<ul>
				14050
				14051	<li>
				14052
				14053	<p><tt>IGNORE NULLS</tt>: If the values for any tuples evaluate to NULL or MISSING, those tuples are ignored when finding the offset tuple.</p>
				14054	</li>
				14055	<li>
				14056
				14057	<p><tt>RESPECT NULLS</tt>: If the values for any tuples evaluate to NULL or MISSING, those tuples are included when finding the offset tuple.</p>
				14058	</li>
				14059	</ul>
				14060	<p>If this modifier is omitted, the default is <tt>RESPECT NULLS</tt>.</p>
				14061	</li>
				14062	</ul>
				14063	</li>
				14064	<li>
				14065
				14066	<p>Clauses:</p>
				14067	<ul>
				14068
				14069	<li>
				14070
				14071	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_partition_clause">Window Partition Clause</a>.</p>
				14072	</li>
				14073	<li>
				14074
				14075	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_order_clause">Window Order Clause</a>.</p>
				14076	</li>
				14077	<li>
				14078
				14079	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_frame_clause">Window Frame Clause</a>.</p>
				14080	</li>
				14081	</ul>
				14082	</li>
				14083	<li>
				14084
				14085	<p>Return Value:</p>
				14086	<ul>
				14087
				14088	<li>
				14089
				14090	<p>The specified value from the offset tuple.</p>
				14091	</li>
				14092	<li>
				14093
				14094	<p>In the following cases, this function may return unpredictable results.</p>
				14095	<ul>
				14096
				14097	<li>
				14098
				14099	<p>If the window order clause is omitted.</p>
				14100	</li>
				14101	<li>
				14102
				14103	<p>If the window frame is defined by <tt>ROWS</tt>, and there are tied tuples in the window frame.</p>
				14104	</li>
				14105	</ul>
				14106	</li>
				14107	<li>
				14108
				14109	<p>To make the function return deterministic results, add a window order clause, or add further ordering terms to the window order clause so that no tuples are tied.</p>
				14110	</li>
				14111	<li>
				14112
				14113	<p>If the window frame is defined by <tt>RANGE</tt> or <tt>GROUPS</tt>, and there are tied tuples in the window frame, the function returns the first value of the input expression when counting <tt>FROM FIRST</tt>, or the last value of the input expression when counting <tt>FROM LAST</tt>.</p>
				14114	</li>
				14115	</ul>
				14116	</li>
				14117	<li>
				14118
				14119	<p>Example 1:</p>
				14120	<p>For each author, show the length of each message, including the length of the second shortest message from that author.</p>
				14121
				14122	<div>
				14123	<div>
				14124	<pre class="source">SELECT m.authorId, m.messageId,
				14125	LENGTH(m.message) AS message_length,
				14126	NTH_VALUE(LENGTH(m.message), 2) FROM FIRST OVER (
				14127	PARTITION BY m.authorId
				14128	ORDER BY LENGTH(m.message)
				14129	ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING -- ➊
				14130	) AS shortest_message_but_1
				14131	FROM GleambookMessages AS m;
				14132	</pre></div></div>
				14133	</li>
				14134	<li>
				14135
				14136	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				14137
				14138	<div>
				14139	<div>
				14140	<pre class="source">[
				14141	{
				14142	"message_length": 31,
				14143	"shortest_message_but_1": 39,
				14144	"authorId": 1,
				14145	"messageId": 8
				14146	},
				14147	{
				14148	"message_length": 39,
				14149	"shortest_message_but_1": 39,
				14150	"authorId": 1,
				14151	"messageId": 11 // ➋
				14152	},
				14153	{
				14154	"message_length": 44,
				14155	"shortest_message_but_1": 39,
				14156	"authorId": 1,
				14157	"messageId": 4
				14158	},
				14159	{
				14160	"message_length": 45,
				14161	"shortest_message_but_1": 39,
				14162	"authorId": 1,
				14163	"messageId": 2
				14164	},
				14165	{
				14166	"message_length": 51,
				14167	"shortest_message_but_1": 39,
				14168	"authorId": 1,
				14169	"messageId": 10
				14170	},
				14171	{
				14172	"message_length": 35,
				14173	"shortest_message_but_1": 44,
				14174	"authorId": 2,
				14175	"messageId": 3
				14176	},
				14177	{
				14178	"message_length": 44,
				14179	"shortest_message_but_1": 44,
				14180	"authorId": 2,
				14181	"messageId": 6 // ➋
				14182	}
				14183	]
				14184	</pre></div></div>
				14185
				14186	<p>➀ This clause specifies that the window frame should extend to the end of the window partition. Without this clause, the end point of the window frame would always be the current tuple. This would mean that for the shortest message, the function would be unable to find the route with the second shortest message.</p>
				14187	<p>➁ The second shortest message from this author.</p>
				14188	</li>
				14189	<li>
				14190
				14191	<p>Example 2:</p>
				14192	<p>For each author, show the length of each message, including the length of the second longest message from that author.</p>
				14193
				14194	<div>
				14195	<div>
				14196	<pre class="source">SELECT m.authorId, m.messageId,
				14197	LENGTH(m.message) AS message_length,
				14198	NTH_VALUE(LENGTH(m.message), 2) FROM LAST OVER (
				14199	PARTITION BY m.authorId
				14200	ORDER BY LENGTH(m.message)
				14201	ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING -- ➊
				14202	) AS longest_message_but_1
				14203	FROM GleambookMessages AS m;
				14204	</pre></div></div>
				14205	</li>
				14206	<li>
				14207
				14208	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				14209
				14210	<div>
				14211	<div>
				14212	<pre class="source">[
				14213	{
				14214	"message_length": 31,
				14215	"longest_message_but_1": 45,
				14216	"authorId": 1,
				14217	"messageId": 8
				14218	},
				14219	{
				14220	"message_length": 39,
				14221	"longest_message_but_1": 45,
				14222	"authorId": 1,
				14223	"messageId": 11
				14224	},
				14225	{
				14226	"message_length": 44,
				14227	"longest_message_but_1": 45,
				14228	"authorId": 1,
				14229	"messageId": 4
				14230	},
				14231	{
				14232	"message_length": 45,
				14233	"longest_message_but_1": 45,
				14234	"authorId": 1,
				14235	"messageId": 2 // ➋
				14236	},
				14237	{
				14238	"message_length": 51,
				14239	"longest_message_but_1": 45,
				14240	"authorId": 1,
				14241	"messageId": 10
				14242	},
				14243	{
				14244	"message_length": 35,
				14245	"longest_message_but_1": 35,
				14246	"authorId": 2,
				14247	"messageId": 3 // ➋
				14248	},
				14249	{
				14250	"message_length": 44,
				14251	"longest_message_but_1": 35,
				14252	"authorId": 2,
				14253	"messageId": 6
				14254	}
				14255	]
				14256	</pre></div></div>
				14257
				14258	<p>➀ This clause specifies that the window frame should extend to the end of the window partition. Without this clause, the end point of the window frame would always be the current tuple. This would mean the function would be unable to find the second longest message for shorter messages.</p>
				14259	<p>➁ The second longest message from this author.</p>
				14260	</li>
				14261	</ul></div>
				14262	<div class="section">
				14263	<h3><a name="ntile"></a>ntile</h3>
				14264	<ul>
				14265
				14266	<li>
				14267
				14268	<p>Syntax:</p>
				14269
				14270	<div>
				14271	<div>
				14272	<pre class="source">NTILE(num_tiles) OVER ([window-partition-clause] [window-order-clause])
				14273	</pre></div></div>
				14274	</li>
				14275	<li>
				14276
				14277	<p>Divides the window partition into the specified number of tiles, and allocates each tuple in the window partition to a tile, so that as far as possible each tile has an equal number of tuples. When the set of tuples is not equally divisible by the number of tiles, the function puts more tuples into the lower-numbered tiles. For each tuple, the function returns the number of the tile into which that tuple was placed.</p>
				14278	<p>The window order clause determines the sort order of the tuples. If the window order clause is omitted then the tuples are processed in an undefined order.</p>
				14279	</li>
				14280	<li>
				14281
				14282	<p>Arguments:</p>
				14283	<ul>
				14284
				14285	<li><tt>num_tiles</tt>: The number of tiles into which you want to divide the window partition. This argument can be an expression and must evaluate to a number. If the number is not an integer, it will be truncated.</li>
				14286	</ul>
				14287	</li>
				14288	<li>
				14289
				14290	<p>Clauses:</p>
				14291	<ul>
				14292
				14293	<li>
				14294
				14295	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_partition_clause">Window Partition Clause</a>.</p>
				14296	</li>
				14297	<li>
				14298
				14299	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_order_clause">Window Order Clause</a>.</p>
				14300	</li>
				14301	</ul>
				14302	</li>
				14303	<li>
				14304
				14305	<p>Return Value:</p>
				14306	<ul>
				14307
				14308	<li>An value greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to the number of tiles.</li>
				14309	</ul>
				14310	</li>
				14311	<li>
				14312
				14313	<p>Example:</p>
				14314	<p>Allocate each message to one of three tiles by length and message ID.</p>
				14315
				14316	<div>
				14317	<div>
				14318	<pre class="source">SELECT m.messageId, LENGTH(m.message) AS `length`,
				14319	NTILE(3) OVER (
				14320	ORDER BY LENGTH(m.message), m.messageId
				14321	) AS `ntile`
				14322	FROM GleambookMessages AS m;
				14323	</pre></div></div>
				14324	</li>
				14325	<li>
				14326
				14327	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				14328
				14329	<div>
				14330	<div>
				14331	<pre class="source">[
				14332	{
				14333	"length": 31,
				14334	"ntile": 1,
				14335	"messageId": 8
				14336	},
				14337	{
				14338	"length": 35,
				14339	"ntile": 1,
				14340	"messageId": 3
				14341	},
				14342	{
				14343	"length": 39,
				14344	"ntile": 1,
				14345	"messageId": 11
				14346	},
				14347	{
				14348	"length": 44,
				14349	"ntile": 2,
				14350	"messageId": 4
				14351	},
				14352	{
				14353	"length": 44,
				14354	"ntile": 2,
				14355	"messageId": 6
				14356	},
				14357	{
				14358	"length": 45,
				14359	"ntile": 3,
				14360	"messageId": 2
				14361	},
				14362	{
				14363	"length": 51,
				14364	"ntile": 3,
				14365	"messageId": 10
				14366	}
				14367	]
				14368	</pre></div></div>
				14369	</li>
				14370	</ul></div>
				14371	<div class="section">
				14372	<h3><a name="percent_rank"></a>percent_rank</h3>
				14373	<ul>
				14374
				14375	<li>
				14376
				14377	<p>Syntax:</p>
				14378
				14379	<div>
				14380	<div>
				14381	<pre class="source">PERCENT_RANK() OVER ([window-partition-clause] [window-order-clause])
				14382	</pre></div></div>
				14383	</li>
				14384	<li>
				14385
				14386	<p>Returns the percentile rank of the current tuple – that is, the rank of the tuples minus one, divided by the total number of tuples in the window partition minus one.</p>
				14387	<p>The window order clause determines the sort order of the tuples. If the window order clause is omitted, the function returns the same result (0) for each tuple.</p>
				14388	</li>
				14389	<li>
				14390
				14391	<p>Arguments:</p>
				14392	<ul>
				14393
				14394	<li>None.</li>
				14395	</ul>
				14396	</li>
				14397	<li>
				14398
				14399	<p>Clauses:</p>
				14400	<ul>
				14401
				14402	<li>
				14403
				14404	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_partition_clause">Window Partition Clause</a>.</p>
				14405	</li>
				14406	<li>
				14407
				14408	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_order_clause">Window Order Clause</a>.</p>
				14409	</li>
				14410	</ul>
				14411	</li>
				14412	<li>
				14413
				14414	<p>Return Value:</p>
				14415	<ul>
				14416
				14417	<li>A number between 0 and 1. The higher the value, the higher the ranking.</li>
				14418	</ul>
				14419	</li>
				14420	<li>
				14421
				14422	<p>Example:</p>
				14423	<p>For each author, find the percentile rank of all messages in order of message ID.</p>
				14424
				14425	<div>
				14426	<div>
				14427	<pre class="source">SELECT m.messageId, m.authorId, PERCENT_RANK() OVER (
				14428	PARTITION BY m.authorId
				14429	ORDER BY m.messageId
				14430	) AS `rank`
				14431	FROM GleambookMessages AS m;
				14432	</pre></div></div>
				14433	</li>
				14434	<li>
				14435
				14436	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				14437
				14438	<div>
				14439	<div>
				14440	<pre class="source">[
				14441	{
				14442	"rank": 0,
				14443	"messageId": 2,
				14444	"authorId": 1
				14445	},
				14446	{
				14447	"rank": 0.25,
				14448	"messageId": 4,
				14449	"authorId": 1
				14450	},
				14451	{
				14452	"rank": 0.5,
				14453	"messageId": 8,
				14454	"authorId": 1
				14455	},
				14456	{
				14457	"rank": 0.75,
				14458	"messageId": 10,
				14459	"authorId": 1
				14460	},
				14461	{
				14462	"rank": 1,
				14463	"messageId": 11,
				14464	"authorId": 1
				14465	},
				14466	{
				14467	"rank": 0,
				14468	"messageId": 3,
				14469	"authorId": 2
				14470	},
				14471	{
				14472	"rank": 1,
				14473	"messageId": 6,
				14474	"authorId": 2
				14475	}
				14476	]
				14477	</pre></div></div>
				14478	</li>
				14479	</ul></div>
				14480	<div class="section">
				14481	<h3><a name="rank"></a>rank</h3>
				14482	<ul>
				14483
				14484	<li>
				14485
				14486	<p>Syntax:</p>
				14487
				14488	<div>
				14489	<div>
				14490	<pre class="source">RANK() OVER ([window-partition-clause] [window-order-clause])
				14491	</pre></div></div>
				14492	</li>
				14493	<li>
				14494
				14495	<p>Returns the rank of the current tuple – that is, the number of distinct tuples preceding this tuple in the current window partition, plus one.</p>
				14496	<p>The tuples are ordered by the window order clause. If any tuples are tied, they will have the same rank. If the window order clause is omitted, the function returns the same result (1) for each tuple.</p>
				14497	<p>When any tuples have the same rank, the rank of the next tuple will include all preceding tuples, so there may be a gap in the sequence of returned values. For example, if there are three tuples ranked 2, the next rank is 5.</p>
				14498	<p>To avoid gaps in the returned values, use the DENSE_RANK() function instead.</p>
				14499	</li>
				14500	<li>
				14501
				14502	<p>Arguments:</p>
				14503	<ul>
				14504
				14505	<li>None.</li>
				14506	</ul>
				14507	</li>
				14508	<li>
				14509
				14510	<p>Clauses:</p>
				14511	<ul>
				14512
				14513	<li>
				14514
				14515	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_partition_clause">Window Partition Clause</a>.</p>
				14516	</li>
				14517	<li>
				14518
				14519	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_order_clause">Window Order Clause</a>.</p>
				14520	</li>
				14521	</ul>
				14522	</li>
				14523	<li>
				14524
				14525	<p>Return Value:</p>
				14526	<ul>
				14527
				14528	<li>An integer, greater than or equal to 1.</li>
				14529	</ul>
				14530	</li>
				14531	<li>
				14532
				14533	<p>Example:</p>
				14534	<p>For each author, find the rank of all messages in order of location.</p>
				14535
				14536	<div>
				14537	<div>
				14538	<pre class="source">SELECT m.authorId, m.messageId, m.senderLocation[1] as longitude,
				14539	RANK() OVER (
				14540	PARTITION BY m.authorId
				14541	ORDER BY m.senderLocation[1]
				14542	) AS `rank`
				14543	FROM GleambookMessages AS m;
				14544	</pre></div></div>
				14545	</li>
				14546	<li>
				14547
				14548	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				14549
				14550	<div>
				14551	<div>
				14552	<pre class="source">[
				14553	{
				14554	"rank": 1,
				14555	"authorId": 1,
				14556	"messageId": 10,
				14557	"longitude": 70.01
				14558	},
				14559	{
				14560	"rank": 2,
				14561	"authorId": 1,
				14562	"messageId": 11,
				14563	"longitude": 77.49
				14564	},
				14565	{
				14566	"rank": 3,
				14567	"authorId": 1,
				14568	"messageId": 2,
				14569	"longitude": 80.87
				14570	},
				14571	{
				14572	"rank": 3,
				14573	"authorId": 1,
				14574	"messageId": 8,
				14575	"longitude": 80.87
				14576	},
				14577	{
				14578	"rank": 5,
				14579	"authorId": 1,
				14580	"messageId": 4,
				14581	"longitude": 97.04
				14582	},
				14583	{
				14584	"rank": 1,
				14585	"authorId": 2,
				14586	"messageId": 6,
				14587	"longitude": 75.56
				14588	},
				14589	{
				14590	"rank": 2,
				14591	"authorId": 2,
				14592	"messageId": 3,
				14593	"longitude": 81.01
				14594	}
				14595	]
				14596	</pre></div></div>
				14597	</li>
				14598	</ul></div>
				14599	<div class="section">
				14600	<h3><a name="ratio_to_report"></a>ratio_to_report</h3>
				14601	<ul>
				14602
				14603	<li>
				14604
				14605	<p>Syntax:</p>
				14606
				14607	<div>
				14608	<div>
				14609	<pre class="source">RATIO_TO_REPORT(expr) OVER (window-definition)
				14610	</pre></div></div>
				14611	</li>
				14612	<li>
				14613
				14614	<p>Returns the fractional ratio of the specified value for each tuple to the sum of values for all tuples in the window frame.</p>
				14615	</li>
				14616	<li>
				14617
				14618	<p>Arguments:</p>
				14619	<ul>
				14620
				14621	<li><tt>expr</tt>: The value for which you want to calculate the fractional ratio. <sup>[</sup><a href="#fn_1"><sup>1</sup></a><sup>]</sup></li>
				14622	</ul>
				14623	</li>
				14624	<li>
				14625
				14626	<p>Clauses:</p>
				14627	<ul>
				14628
				14629	<li>
				14630
				14631	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_partition_clause">Window Partition Clause</a>.</p>
				14632	</li>
				14633	<li>
				14634
				14635	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_order_clause">Window Order Clause</a>.</p>
				14636	</li>
				14637	<li>
				14638
				14639	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_frame_clause">Window Frame Clause</a>.</p>
				14640	</li>
				14641	</ul>
				14642	</li>
				14643	<li>
				14644
				14645	<p>Return Value:</p>
				14646	<ul>
				14647
				14648	<li>
				14649
				14650	<p>A number between 0 and 1, representing the fractional ratio of the value for the current tuple to the sum of values for all tuples in the current window frame. The sum of returned values for all tuples in the current window frame is 1.</p>
				14651	</li>
				14652	<li>
				14653
				14654	<p>If the input expression does not evaluate to a number, or the sum of values for all tuples is zero, it returns NULL.</p>
				14655	</li>
				14656	</ul>
				14657	</li>
				14658	<li>
				14659
				14660	<p>Example:</p>
				14661	<p>For each author, calculate the length of each message as a fraction of the total length of all messages.</p>
				14662
				14663	<div>
				14664	<div>
				14665	<pre class="source">SELECT m.messageId, m.authorId,
				14666	RATIO_TO_REPORT(LENGTH(m.message)) OVER (
				14667	PARTITION BY m.authorId
				14668	) AS length_ratio
				14669	FROM GleambookMessages AS m;
				14670	</pre></div></div>
				14671	</li>
				14672	<li>
				14673
				14674	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				14675
				14676	<div>
				14677	<div>
				14678	<pre class="source">[
				14679	{
				14680	"length_ratio": 0.21428571428571427,
				14681	"messageId": 2,
				14682	"authorId": 1
				14683	},
				14684	{
				14685	"length_ratio": 0.20952380952380953,
				14686	"messageId": 4,
				14687	"authorId": 1
				14688	},
				14689	{
				14690	"length_ratio": 0.14761904761904762,
				14691	"messageId": 8,
				14692	"authorId": 1
				14693	},
				14694	{
				14695	"length_ratio": 0.24285714285714285,
				14696	"messageId": 10,
				14697	"authorId": 1
				14698	},
				14699	{
				14700	"length_ratio": 0.18571428571428572,
				14701	"messageId": 11,
				14702	"authorId": 1
				14703	},
				14704	{
				14705	"length_ratio": 0.4430379746835443,
				14706	"messageId": 3,
				14707	"authorId": 2
				14708	},
				14709	{
				14710	"length_ratio": 0.5569620253164557,
				14711	"messageId": 6,
				14712	"authorId": 2
				14713	}
				14714	]
				14715	</pre></div></div>
				14716	</li>
				14717	</ul></div>
				14718	<div class="section">
				14719	<h3><a name="row_number"></a>row_number</h3>
				14720	<ul>
				14721
				14722	<li>
				14723
				14724	<p>Syntax:</p>
				14725
				14726	<div>
				14727	<div>
				14728	<pre class="source">ROW_NUMBER() OVER ([window-partition-clause] [window-order-clause])
				14729	</pre></div></div>
				14730	</li>
				14731	<li>
				14732
				14733	<p>Returns a unique row number for every tuple in every window partition. In each window partition, the row numbering starts at 1.</p>
				14734	<p>The window order clause determines the sort order of the tuples. If the window order clause is omitted, the return values may be unpredictable.</p>
				14735	</li>
				14736	<li>
				14737
				14738	<p>Arguments:</p>
				14739	<ul>
				14740
				14741	<li>None.</li>
				14742	</ul>
				14743	</li>
				14744	<li>
				14745
				14746	<p>Clauses:</p>
				14747	<ul>
				14748
				14749	<li>
				14750
				14751	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_partition_clause">Window Partition Clause</a>.</p>
				14752	</li>
				14753	<li>
				14754
				14755	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_order_clause">Window Order Clause</a>.</p>
				14756	</li>
				14757	</ul>
				14758	</li>
				14759	<li>
				14760
				14761	<p>Return Value:</p>
				14762	<ul>
				14763
				14764	<li>An integer, greater than or equal to 1.</li>
				14765	</ul>
				14766	</li>
				14767	<li>
				14768
				14769	<p>Example:</p>
				14770	<p>For each author, number all messages in order of length.</p>
				14771
				14772	<div>
				14773	<div>
				14774	<pre class="source">SELECT m.messageId, m.authorId,
				14775	ROW_NUMBER() OVER (
				14776	PARTITION BY m.authorId
				14777	ORDER BY LENGTH(m.message)
				14778	) AS `row`
				14779	FROM GleambookMessages AS m;
				14780	</pre></div></div>
				14781	</li>
				14782	<li>
				14783
				14784	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				14785
				14786	<div>
				14787	<div>
				14788	<pre class="source">[
				14789	{
				14790	"row": 1,
				14791	"messageId": 8,
				14792	"authorId": 1
				14793	},
				14794	{
				14795	"row": 2,
				14796	"messageId": 11,
				14797	"authorId": 1
				14798	},
				14799	{
				14800	"row": 3,
				14801	"messageId": 4,
				14802	"authorId": 1
				14803	},
				14804	{
				14805	"row": 4,
				14806	"messageId": 2,
				14807	"authorId": 1
				14808	},
				14809	{
				14810	"row": 5,
				14811	"messageId": 10,
				14812	"authorId": 1
				14813	},
				14814	{
				14815	"row": 1,
				14816	"messageId": 3,
				14817	"authorId": 2
				14818	},
				14819	{
				14820	"row": 2,
				14821	"messageId": 6,
				14822	"authorId": 2
				14823	}
				14824	]
				14825	</pre></div></div>
				14826	</li>
				14827	</ul><hr />
				14828	<p><a name="fn_1" id="fn_1">1</a>. If the query contains the GROUP BY clause or any <a href="#AggregateFunctions">aggregate functions</a>, this expression must only depend on GROUP BY expressions or aggregate functions.</p></div></div>
				14829	</div>
				14830	</div>
				14831	</div>
				14832	<hr/>
				14833	<footer>
				14834	<div class="container-fluid">
				14835	<div class="row-fluid">
				14836	<div class="row-fluid">Apache AsterixDB, AsterixDB, Apache, the Apache
				14837	feather logo, and the Apache AsterixDB project logo are either
				14838	registered trademarks or trademarks of The Apache Software
				14839	Foundation in the United States and other countries.
				14840	All other marks mentioned may be trademarks or registered
				14841	trademarks of their respective owners.
				14842	</div>
				14843	</div>
				14844	</div>
				14845	</footer>
				14846	</body>
				14847	</html>