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				95	<h1>Builtin Functions</h1><!--
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				114	<div class="section">
				115	<h2><a name="Table_of_Contents"></a><a name="toc" id="toc">Table of Contents</a></h2>
				116	<ul>
				117
				118	<li><a href="#NumericFunctions">Numeric Functions</a></li>
				119	<li><a href="#StringFunctions">String Functions</a></li>
				120	<li><a href="#BinaryFunctions">Binary Functions</a></li>
				121	<li><a href="#SpatialFunctions">Spatial Functions</a></li>
				122	<li><a href="#SimilarityFunctions">Similarity Functions</a></li>
				123	<li><a href="#TokenizingFunctions">Tokenizing Functions</a></li>
				124	<li><a href="#TemporalFunctions">Temporal Functions</a></li>
				125	<li><a href="#ObjectFunctions">Object Functions</a></li>
				126	<li><a href="#AggregateFunctions">Aggregate Functions (Array Functions)</a></li>
				127	<li><a href="#ComparisonFunctions">Comparison Functions</a></li>
				128	<li><a href="#TypeFunctions">Type Functions</a></li>
				129	<li><a href="#ConditionalFunctions">Conditional Functions</a></li>
				130	<li><a href="#MiscFunctions">Miscellaneous Functions</a></li>
				131	<li><a href="#BitwiseFunctions">Bitwise Functions</a></li>
				132	<li><a href="#WindowFunctions">Window Functions</a></li>
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				151
				152	<p>The system provides various classes of functions to support operations on numeric, string, spatial, and temporal data. This document explains how to use these functions.</p><!--
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				164	! software distributed under the License is distributed on an
				165	! "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
				166	! KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
				167	! specific language governing permissions and limitations
				168	! under the License.
				169	!-->
				170	</div>
				171	<div class="section">
				172	<h2><a name="Numeric_Functions"></a><a name="NumericFunctions" id="NumericFunctions">Numeric Functions</a></h2>
				173	<div class="section">
				174	<h3><a name="abs"></a>abs</h3>
				175	<ul>
				176
				177	<li>
				178
				179	<p>Syntax:</p>
				180
				181	<div>
				182	<div>
				183	<pre class="source">abs(numeric_value)
				184	</pre></div></div>
				185	</li>
				186	<li>
				187
				188	<p>Computes the absolute value of the argument.</p>
				189	</li>
				190	<li>Arguments:
				191	<ul>
				192
				193	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				194	</ul>
				195	</li>
				196	<li>Return Value:
				197	<ul>
				198
				199	<li>The absolute value of the argument with the same type as the input argument,</li>
				200	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				201	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				202	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				203	</ul>
				204	</li>
				205	<li>
				206
				207	<p>Example:</p>
				208
				209	<div>
				210	<div>
				211	<pre class="source">{ "v1": abs(2013), "v2": abs(-4036), "v3": abs(0), "v4": abs(float("-2013.5")), "v5": abs(double("-2013.593823748327284")) };
				212	</pre></div></div>
				213	</li>
				214	<li>
				215
				216	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				217
				218	<div>
				219	<div>
				220	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 2013, "v2": 4036, "v3": 0, "v4": 2013.5, "v5": 2013.5938237483274 }
				221	</pre></div></div>
				222	</li>
				223	</ul></div>
				224	<div class="section">
				225	<h3><a name="acos"></a>acos</h3>
				226	<ul>
				227
				228	<li>
				229
				230	<p>Syntax:</p>
				231
				232	<div>
				233	<div>
				234	<pre class="source">acos(numeric_value)
				235	</pre></div></div>
				236	</li>
				237	<li>
				238
				239	<p>Computes the arc cosine value of the argument.</p>
				240	</li>
				241	<li>Arguments:
				242	<ul>
				243
				244	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				245	</ul>
				246	</li>
				247	<li>Return Value:
				248	<ul>
				249
				250	<li>the <tt>double</tt> arc cosine in radians for the argument, if the argument is in the range of -1 (inclusive) to 1 (inclusive),</li>
				251	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				252	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				253	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error,</li>
				254	<li>“NaN” for other legitimate numeric values.</li>
				255	</ul>
				256	</li>
				257	<li>
				258
				259	<p>Example:</p>
				260
				261	<div>
				262	<div>
				263	<pre class="source">{ "v1": acos(1), "v2": acos(2), "v3": acos(0), "v4": acos(float("0.5")), "v5": acos(double("-0.5")) };
				264	</pre></div></div>
				265	</li>
				266	<li>
				267
				268	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				269
				270	<div>
				271	<div>
				272	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 0.0, "v2": "NaN", "v3": 1.5707963267948966, "v4": 1.0471975511965979, "v5": 2.0943951023931957 }
				273	</pre></div></div>
				274	</li>
				275	</ul></div>
				276	<div class="section">
				277	<h3><a name="asin"></a>asin</h3>
				278	<ul>
				279
				280	<li>
				281
				282	<p>Syntax:</p>
				283
				284	<div>
				285	<div>
				286	<pre class="source">asin(numeric_value)
				287	</pre></div></div>
				288	</li>
				289	<li>
				290
				291	<p>Computes the arc sine value of the argument.</p>
				292	</li>
				293	<li>Arguments:
				294	<ul>
				295
				296	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				297	</ul>
				298	</li>
				299	<li>Return Value:
				300	<ul>
				301
				302	<li>the <tt>double</tt> arc sin in radians for the argument, if the argument is in the range of -1 (inclusive) to 1 (inclusive),</li>
				303	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				304	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				305	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error,</li>
				306	<li>“NaN” for other legitimate numeric values.</li>
				307	</ul>
				308	</li>
				309	<li>
				310
				311	<p>Example:</p>
				312
				313	<div>
				314	<div>
				315	<pre class="source">{ "v1": asin(1), "v2": asin(2), "v3": asin(0), "v4": asin(float("0.5")), "v5": asin(double("-0.5")) };
				316	</pre></div></div>
				317	</li>
				318	<li>
				319
				320	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				321
				322	<div>
				323	<div>
				324	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 1.5707963267948966, "v2": "NaN", "v3": 0.0, "v4": 0.5235987755982989, "v5": -0.5235987755982989 }
				325	</pre></div></div>
				326	</li>
				327	</ul></div>
				328	<div class="section">
				329	<h3><a name="atan"></a>atan</h3>
				330	<ul>
				331
				332	<li>
				333
				334	<p>Syntax:</p>
				335
				336	<div>
				337	<div>
				338	<pre class="source">atan(numeric_value)
				339	</pre></div></div>
				340	</li>
				341	<li>
				342
				343	<p>Computes the arc tangent value of the argument.</p>
				344	</li>
				345	<li>Arguments:
				346	<ul>
				347
				348	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				349	</ul>
				350	</li>
				351	<li>Return Value:
				352	<ul>
				353
				354	<li>the <tt>double</tt> arc tangent in radians for the argument,</li>
				355	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				356	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				357	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				358	</ul>
				359	</li>
				360	<li>
				361
				362	<p>Example:</p>
				363
				364	<div>
				365	<div>
				366	<pre class="source">{ "v1": atan(1), "v2": atan(2), "v3": atan(0), "v4": atan(float("0.5")), "v5": atan(double("1000")) };
				367	</pre></div></div>
				368	</li>
				369	<li>
				370
				371	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				372
				373	<div>
				374	<div>
				375	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 0.7853981633974483, "v2": 1.1071487177940904, "v3": 0.0, "v4": 0.4636476090008061, "v5": 1.5697963271282298 }
				376	</pre></div></div>
				377	</li>
				378	</ul></div>
				379	<div class="section">
				380	<h3><a name="atan2"></a>atan2</h3>
				381	<ul>
				382
				383	<li>
				384
				385	<p>Syntax:</p>
				386
				387	<div>
				388	<div>
				389	<pre class="source">atan2(numeric_value1, numeric_value2)
				390	</pre></div></div>
				391	</li>
				392	<li>
				393
				394	<p>Computes the arc tangent value of numeric_value2/numeric_value1.</p>
				395	</li>
				396	<li>Arguments:
				397	<ul>
				398
				399	<li><tt>numeric_value1</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value,</li>
				400	<li><tt>numeric_value2</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				401	</ul>
				402	</li>
				403	<li>Return Value:
				404	<ul>
				405
				406	<li>the <tt>double</tt> arc tangent in radians for <tt>numeric_value1</tt> and <tt>numeric_value2</tt>,</li>
				407	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				408	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				409	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				410	</ul>
				411	</li>
				412	<li>
				413
				414	<p>Example:</p>
				415
				416	<div>
				417	<div>
				418	<pre class="source">{ "v1": atan2(1, 2), "v2": atan2(0, 4), "v3": atan2(float("0.5"), double("-0.5")) };
				419	</pre></div></div>
				420	</li>
				421	<li>
				422
				423	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				424
				425	<div>
				426	<div>
				427	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 0.4636476090008061, "v2": 0.0, "v3": 2.356194490192345 }
				428	</pre></div></div>
				429	</li>
				430	</ul></div>
				431	<div class="section">
				432	<h3><a name="ceil"></a>ceil</h3>
				433	<ul>
				434
				435	<li>
				436
				437	<p>Syntax:</p>
				438
				439	<div>
				440	<div>
				441	<pre class="source">ceil(numeric_value)
				442	</pre></div></div>
				443	</li>
				444	<li>
				445
				446	<p>Computes the smallest (closest to negative infinity) number with no fractional part that is not less than the value of the argument. If the argument is already equal to mathematical integer, then the result is the same as the argument.</p>
				447	</li>
				448	<li>Arguments:
				449	<ul>
				450
				451	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				452	</ul>
				453	</li>
				454	<li>Return Value:
				455	<ul>
				456
				457	<li>The ceiling value for the given number in the same type as the input argument,</li>
				458	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				459	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				460	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				461	</ul>
				462	</li>
				463	<li>
				464
				465	<p>Example:</p>
				466
				467	<div>
				468	<div>
				469	<pre class="source">{
				470	"v1": ceil(2013),
				471	"v2": ceil(-4036),
				472	"v3": ceil(0.3),
				473	"v4": ceil(float("-2013.2")),
				474	"v5": ceil(double("-2013.893823748327284"))
				475	};
				476	</pre></div></div>
				477	</li>
				478	<li>
				479
				480	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				481
				482	<div>
				483	<div>
				484	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 2013, "v2": -4036, "v3": 1.0, "v4": -2013.0, "v5": -2013.0 }
				485	</pre></div></div>
				486	</li>
				487	</ul></div>
				488	<div class="section">
				489	<h3><a name="cos"></a>cos</h3>
				490	<ul>
				491
				492	<li>
				493
				494	<p>Syntax:</p>
				495
				496	<div>
				497	<div>
				498	<pre class="source">cos(numeric_value)
				499	</pre></div></div>
				500	</li>
				501	<li>
				502
				503	<p>Computes the cosine value of the argument.</p>
				504	</li>
				505	<li>Arguments:
				506	<ul>
				507
				508	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				509	</ul>
				510	</li>
				511	<li>Return Value:
				512	<ul>
				513
				514	<li>the <tt>double</tt> cosine value for the argument,</li>
				515	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				516	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				517	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				518	</ul>
				519	</li>
				520	<li>
				521
				522	<p>Example:</p>
				523
				524	<div>
				525	<div>
				526	<pre class="source">{ "v1": cos(1), "v2": cos(2), "v3": cos(0), "v4": cos(float("0.5")), "v5": cos(double("1000")) };
				527	</pre></div></div>
				528	</li>
				529	<li>
				530
				531	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				532
				533	<div>
				534	<div>
				535	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 0.5403023058681398, "v2": -0.4161468365471424, "v3": 1.0, "v4": 0.8775825618903728, "v5": 0.562379076290703 }
				536	</pre></div></div>
				537	</li>
				538	</ul></div>
				539	<div class="section">
				540	<h3><a name="cosh"></a>cosh</h3>
				541	<ul>
				542
				543	<li>
				544
				545	<p>Syntax:</p>
				546
				547	<div>
				548	<div>
				549	<pre class="source">cosh(numeric_value)
				550	</pre></div></div>
				551	</li>
				552	<li>
				553
				554	<p>Computes the hyperbolic cosine value of the argument.</p>
				555	</li>
				556	<li>Arguments:
				557	<ul>
				558
				559	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				560	</ul>
				561	</li>
				562	<li>Return Value:
				563	<ul>
				564
				565	<li>the <tt>double</tt> hyperbolic cosine value for the argument,</li>
				566	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				567	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				568	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				569	</ul>
				570	</li>
				571	<li>
				572
				573	<p>Example:</p>
				574
				575	<div>
				576	<div>
				577	<pre class="source">{ "v1": cosh(1), "v2": cosh(2), "v3": cosh(0), "v4": cosh(float("0.5")), "v5": cosh(double("8")) };
				578	</pre></div></div>
				579	</li>
				580	<li>
				581
				582	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				583
				584	<div>
				585	<div>
				586	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 1.5430806348152437, "v2": 3.7621956910836314, "v3": 1.0, "v4": 1.1276259652063807, "v5": 1490.479161252178 }
				587	</pre></div></div>
				588	</li>
				589	</ul></div>
				590	<div class="section">
				591	<h3><a name="degrees"></a>degrees</h3>
				592	<ul>
				593
				594	<li>
				595
				596	<p>Syntax:</p>
				597
				598	<div>
				599	<div>
				600	<pre class="source">degrees(numeric_value)
				601	</pre></div></div>
				602	</li>
				603	<li>
				604
				605	<p>Converts radians to degrees</p>
				606	</li>
				607	<li>Arguments:
				608	<ul>
				609
				610	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				611	</ul>
				612	</li>
				613	<li>Return Value:
				614	<ul>
				615
				616	<li>The degrees value for the given radians value. The returned value has type <tt>double</tt>,</li>
				617	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				618	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				619	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				620	</ul>
				621	</li>
				622	<li>
				623
				624	<p>Example:</p>
				625
				626	<div>
				627	<div>
				628	<pre class="source">{ "v1": degrees(pi()) };
				629	</pre></div></div>
				630	</li>
				631	<li>
				632
				633	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				634
				635	<div>
				636	<div>
				637	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 180.0 }
				638	</pre></div></div>
				639	</li>
				640	</ul></div>
				641	<div class="section">
				642	<h3><a name="e"></a>e</h3>
				643	<ul>
				644
				645	<li>
				646
				647	<p>Syntax:</p>
				648
				649	<div>
				650	<div>
				651	<pre class="source">e()
				652	</pre></div></div>
				653	</li>
				654	<li>
				655
				656	<p>Return Value:</p>
				657	<ul>
				658
				659	<li>e (base of the natural logarithm)</li>
				660	</ul>
				661	</li>
				662	<li>
				663
				664	<p>Example:</p>
				665
				666	<div>
				667	<div>
				668	<pre class="source">{ "v1": e() };
				669	</pre></div></div>
				670	</li>
				671	<li>
				672
				673	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				674
				675	<div>
				676	<div>
				677	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 2.718281828459045 }
				678	</pre></div></div>
				679	</li>
				680	</ul></div>
				681	<div class="section">
				682	<h3><a name="exp"></a>exp</h3>
				683	<ul>
				684
				685	<li>
				686
				687	<p>Syntax:</p>
				688
				689	<div>
				690	<div>
				691	<pre class="source">exp(numeric_value)
				692	</pre></div></div>
				693	</li>
				694	<li>
				695
				696	<p>Computes e<sup>numeric_value</sup>.</p>
				697	</li>
				698	<li>Arguments:
				699	<ul>
				700
				701	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				702	</ul>
				703	</li>
				704	<li>Return Value:
				705	<ul>
				706
				707	<li>e<sup>numeric_value</sup>,</li>
				708	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				709	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				710	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				711	</ul>
				712	</li>
				713	<li>
				714
				715	<p>Example:</p>
				716
				717	<div>
				718	<div>
				719	<pre class="source">{ "v1": exp(1), "v2": exp(2), "v3": exp(0), "v4": exp(float("0.5")), "v5": exp(double("1000")) };
				720	</pre></div></div>
				721	</li>
				722	<li>
				723
				724	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				725
				726	<div>
				727	<div>
				728	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 2.718281828459045, "v2": 7.38905609893065, "v3": 1.0, "v4": 1.6487212707001282, "v5": "Infinity" }
				729	</pre></div></div>
				730	</li>
				731	</ul></div>
				732	<div class="section">
				733	<h3><a name="floor"></a>floor</h3>
				734	<ul>
				735
				736	<li>
				737
				738	<p>Syntax:</p>
				739
				740	<div>
				741	<div>
				742	<pre class="source">floor(numeric_value)
				743	</pre></div></div>
				744	</li>
				745	<li>
				746
				747	<p>Computes the largest (closest to positive infinity) number with no fractional part that is not greater than the value. If the argument is already equal to mathematical integer, then the result is the same as the argument.</p>
				748	</li>
				749	<li>Arguments:
				750	<ul>
				751
				752	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				753	</ul>
				754	</li>
				755	<li>Return Value:
				756	<ul>
				757
				758	<li>The floor value for the given number in the same type as the input argument,</li>
				759	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				760	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				761	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				762	</ul>
				763	</li>
				764	<li>
				765
				766	<p>Example:</p>
				767
				768	<div>
				769	<div>
				770	<pre class="source">{
				771	"v1": floor(2013),
				772	"v2": floor(-4036),
				773	"v3": floor(0.8),
				774	"v4": floor(float("-2013.2")),
				775	"v5": floor(double("-2013.893823748327284"))
				776	};
				777	</pre></div></div>
				778	</li>
				779	<li>
				780
				781	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				782
				783	<div>
				784	<div>
				785	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 2013, "v2": -4036, "v3": 0.0, "v4": -2014.0, "v5": -2014.0 }
				786	</pre></div></div>
				787	</li>
				788	</ul></div>
				789	<div class="section">
				790	<h3><a name="ln"></a>ln</h3>
				791	<ul>
				792
				793	<li>
				794
				795	<p>Syntax:</p>
				796
				797	<div>
				798	<div>
				799	<pre class="source">ln(numeric_value)
				800	</pre></div></div>
				801	</li>
				802	<li>
				803
				804	<p>Computes log<sub>e</sub>numeric_value.</p>
				805	</li>
				806	<li>Arguments:
				807	<ul>
				808
				809	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				810	</ul>
				811	</li>
				812	<li>Return Value:
				813	<ul>
				814
				815	<li>log<sub>e</sub>numeric_value,</li>
				816	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				817	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				818	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				819	</ul>
				820	</li>
				821	<li>
				822
				823	<p>Example:</p>
				824
				825	<div>
				826	<div>
				827	<pre class="source">{ "v1": ln(1), "v2": ln(2), "v3": ln(0), "v4": ln(float("0.5")), "v5": ln(double("1000")) };
				828	</pre></div></div>
				829	</li>
				830	<li>
				831
				832	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				833
				834	<div>
				835	<div>
				836	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 0.0, "v2": 0.6931471805599453, "v3": "-Infinity", "v4": -0.6931471805599453, "v5": 6.907755278982137 }
				837	</pre></div></div>
				838	</li>
				839	</ul></div>
				840	<div class="section">
				841	<h3><a name="log"></a>log</h3>
				842	<ul>
				843
				844	<li>
				845
				846	<p>Syntax:</p>
				847
				848	<div>
				849	<div>
				850	<pre class="source">log(numeric_value)
				851	</pre></div></div>
				852	</li>
				853	<li>
				854
				855	<p>Computes log<sub>10</sub>numeric_value.</p>
				856	</li>
				857	<li>Arguments:
				858	<ul>
				859
				860	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				861	</ul>
				862	</li>
				863	<li>Return Value:
				864	<ul>
				865
				866	<li>log<sub>10</sub>numeric_value,</li>
				867	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				868	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				869	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				870	</ul>
				871	</li>
				872	<li>
				873
				874	<p>Example:</p>
				875
				876	<div>
				877	<div>
				878	<pre class="source">{ "v1": log(1), "v2": log(2), "v3": log(0), "v4": log(float("0.5")), "v5": log(double("1000")) };
				879	</pre></div></div>
				880	</li>
				881	<li>
				882
				883	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				884
				885	<div>
				886	<div>
				887	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 0.0, "v2": 0.3010299956639812, "v3": "-Infinity", "v4": -0.3010299956639812, "v5": 3.0 }
				888	</pre></div></div>
				889	</li>
				890	</ul></div>
				891	<div class="section">
				892	<h3><a name="pi"></a>pi</h3>
				893	<ul>
				894
				895	<li>
				896
				897	<p>Syntax:</p>
				898
				899	<div>
				900	<div>
				901	<pre class="source">pi()
				902	</pre></div></div>
				903	</li>
				904	<li>
				905
				906	<p>Return Value:</p>
				907	<ul>
				908
				909	<li>Pi</li>
				910	</ul>
				911	</li>
				912	<li>
				913
				914	<p>Example:</p>
				915
				916	<div>
				917	<div>
				918	<pre class="source">{ "v1": pi() };
				919	</pre></div></div>
				920	</li>
				921	<li>
				922
				923	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				924
				925	<div>
				926	<div>
				927	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 3.141592653589793 }
				928	</pre></div></div>
				929	</li>
				930	</ul></div>
				931	<div class="section">
				932	<h3><a name="power"></a>power</h3>
				933	<ul>
				934
				935	<li>
				936
				937	<p>Syntax:</p>
				938
				939	<div>
				940	<div>
				941	<pre class="source">power(numeric_value1, numeric_value2)
				942	</pre></div></div>
				943	</li>
				944	<li>
				945
				946	<p>Computes numeric_value1<sup>numeric_value2</sup>.</p>
				947	</li>
				948	<li>Arguments:
				949	<ul>
				950
				951	<li><tt>numeric_value1</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value,</li>
				952	<li><tt>numeric_value2</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				953	</ul>
				954	</li>
				955	<li>Return Value:
				956	<ul>
				957
				958	<li>numeric_value1<sup>numeric_value2</sup>,</li>
				959	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				960	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				961	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				962	</ul>
				963	</li>
				964	<li>
				965
				966	<p>Example:</p>
				967
				968	<div>
				969	<div>
				970	<pre class="source">{ "v1": power(1, 2), "v3": power(0, 4), "v4": power(float("0.5"), double("-0.5")) };
				971	</pre></div></div>
				972	</li>
				973	<li>
				974
				975	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				976
				977	<div>
				978	<div>
				979	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 1, "v3": 0, "v4": 1.4142135623730951 }
				980	</pre></div></div>
				981	</li>
				982	</ul></div>
				983	<div class="section">
				984	<h3><a name="radians"></a>radians</h3>
				985	<ul>
				986
				987	<li>
				988
				989	<p>Syntax:</p>
				990
				991	<div>
				992	<div>
				993	<pre class="source">radians(numeric_value)
				994	</pre></div></div>
				995	</li>
				996	<li>
				997
				998	<p>Converts degrees to radians</p>
				999	</li>
				1000	<li>Arguments:
				1001	<ul>
				1002
				1003	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				1004	</ul>
				1005	</li>
				1006	<li>Return Value:
				1007	<ul>
				1008
				1009	<li>The radians value for the given degrees value. The returned value has type <tt>double</tt>,</li>
				1010	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1011	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				1012	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				1013	</ul>
				1014	</li>
				1015	<li>
				1016
				1017	<p>Example:</p>
				1018
				1019	<div>
				1020	<div>
				1021	<pre class="source">{ "v1": radians(180) };
				1022	</pre></div></div>
				1023	</li>
				1024	<li>
				1025
				1026	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				1027
				1028	<div>
				1029	<div>
				1030	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 3.141592653589793 }
				1031	</pre></div></div>
				1032	</li>
				1033	</ul></div>
				1034	<div class="section">
				1035	<h3><a name="round"></a>round</h3>
				1036	<ul>
				1037
				1038	<li>
				1039
				1040	<p>Syntax:</p>
				1041
				1042	<div>
				1043	<div>
				1044	<pre class="source">round(numeric_value[, round_digit])
				1045	</pre></div></div>
				1046	</li>
				1047	<li>
				1048
				1049	<p>Rounds the value to the given number of integer digits to the right of the decimal point, or to the left of the decimal point if the number of digits is negative.</p>
				1050	</li>
				1051	<li>
				1052
				1053	<p>Arguments:</p>
				1054	<ul>
				1055
				1056	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value that represents the numeric value to be rounded.</li>
				1057	<li><tt>round_digit</tt>: (Optional) a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value that specifies the digit to round to. This argument may be positive or negative; positive indicating that rounding needs to be to the right of the decimal point, and negative indicating that rounding needs to be to the left of the decimal point. Values such as 1.0 and 2.0 are acceptable, but values such as 1.3 and 1.5 result in a <tt>null</tt>. If omitted, the default is 0.</li>
				1058	</ul>
				1059	</li>
				1060	<li>Return Value:
				1061	<ul>
				1062
				1063	<li>The rounded value for the given number. The returned value has the following type:
				1064	<ul>
				1065
				1066	<li><tt>bigint</tt> if the input value has type <tt>tinyint</tt>, <tt>smallint</tt>, <tt>integer</tt> or <tt>bigint</tt>,</li>
				1067	<li><tt>float</tt> if the input value has type <tt>float</tt>,</li>
				1068	<li><tt>double</tt> if the input value has type <tt>double</tt>;</li>
				1069	</ul>
				1070	</li>
				1071	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the input value is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1072	<li><tt>null</tt> if the input value is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				1073	<li>any other non-numeric input value will return a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				1074	</ul>
				1075	</li>
				1076	<li>
				1077
				1078	<p>Example:</p>
				1079
				1080	<div>
				1081	<div>
				1082	<pre class="source">{
				1083	"v1": round(2013),
				1084	"v2": round(-4036),
				1085	"v3": round(0.8),
				1086	"v4": round(float("-2013.256")),
				1087	"v5": round(double("-2013.893823748327284"))
				1088	"v6": round(123456, -1),
				1089	"v7": round(456.456, 2),
				1090	"v8": round(456.456, -1),
				1091	"v9": round(-456.456, -2)
				1092	};
				1093	</pre></div></div>
				1094	</li>
				1095	<li>
				1096
				1097	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				1098
				1099	<div>
				1100	<div>
				1101	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 2013, "v2": -4036, "v3": 1.0, "v4": -2013.0, "v5": -2014.0, "v6": 123460, "v7": 456.46, "v8": 460, "v9": -500 }
				1102	</pre></div></div>
				1103	</li>
				1104	</ul></div>
				1105	<div class="section">
				1106	<h3><a name="sign"></a>sign</h3>
				1107	<ul>
				1108
				1109	<li>
				1110
				1111	<p>Syntax:</p>
				1112
				1113	<div>
				1114	<div>
				1115	<pre class="source">sign(numeric_value)
				1116	</pre></div></div>
				1117	</li>
				1118	<li>
				1119
				1120	<p>Computes the sign of the argument.</p>
				1121	</li>
				1122	<li>Arguments:
				1123	<ul>
				1124
				1125	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				1126	</ul>
				1127	</li>
				1128	<li>Return Value:
				1129	<ul>
				1130
				1131	<li>the sign (a <tt>tinyint</tt>) of the argument, -1 for negative values, 0 for 0, and 1 for positive values,</li>
				1132	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1133	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				1134	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				1135	</ul>
				1136	</li>
				1137	<li>
				1138
				1139	<p>Example:</p>
				1140
				1141	<div>
				1142	<div>
				1143	<pre class="source">{ "v1": sign(1), "v2": sign(2), "v3": sign(0), "v4": sign(float("0.5")), "v5": sign(double("-1000")) };
				1144	</pre></div></div>
				1145	</li>
				1146	<li>
				1147
				1148	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				1149
				1150	<div>
				1151	<div>
				1152	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 1, "v2": 1, "v3": 0, "v4": 1, "v5": -1 }
				1153	</pre></div></div>
				1154	</li>
				1155	</ul></div>
				1156	<div class="section">
				1157	<h3><a name="sin"></a>sin</h3>
				1158	<ul>
				1159
				1160	<li>
				1161
				1162	<p>Syntax:</p>
				1163
				1164	<div>
				1165	<div>
				1166	<pre class="source">sin(numeric_value)
				1167	</pre></div></div>
				1168	</li>
				1169	<li>
				1170
				1171	<p>Computes the sine value of the argument.</p>
				1172	</li>
				1173	<li>Arguments:
				1174	<ul>
				1175
				1176	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				1177	</ul>
				1178	</li>
				1179	<li>Return Value:
				1180	<ul>
				1181
				1182	<li>the <tt>double</tt> sine value for the argument,</li>
				1183	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1184	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				1185	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				1186	</ul>
				1187	</li>
				1188	<li>
				1189
				1190	<p>Example:</p>
				1191
				1192	<div>
				1193	<div>
				1194	<pre class="source">{ "v1": sin(1), "v2": sin(2), "v3": sin(0), "v4": sin(float("0.5")), "v5": sin(double("1000")) };
				1195	</pre></div></div>
				1196	</li>
				1197	<li>
				1198
				1199	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				1200
				1201	<div>
				1202	<div>
				1203	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 0.8414709848078965, "v2": 0.9092974268256817, "v3": 0.0, "v4": 0.479425538604203, "v5": 0.8268795405320025 }
				1204	</pre></div></div>
				1205	</li>
				1206	</ul></div>
				1207	<div class="section">
				1208	<h3><a name="sinh"></a>sinh</h3>
				1209	<ul>
				1210
				1211	<li>
				1212
				1213	<p>Syntax:</p>
				1214
				1215	<div>
				1216	<div>
				1217	<pre class="source">sinh(numeric_value)
				1218	</pre></div></div>
				1219	</li>
				1220	<li>
				1221
				1222	<p>Computes the hyperbolic sine value of the argument.</p>
				1223	</li>
				1224	<li>Arguments:
				1225	<ul>
				1226
				1227	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				1228	</ul>
				1229	</li>
				1230	<li>Return Value:
				1231	<ul>
				1232
				1233	<li>the <tt>double</tt> hyperbolic sine value for the argument,</li>
				1234	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1235	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				1236	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				1237	</ul>
				1238	</li>
				1239	<li>
				1240
				1241	<p>Example:</p>
				1242
				1243	<div>
				1244	<div>
				1245	<pre class="source">{ "v1": sinh(1), "v2": sinh(2), "v3": sinh(0), "v4": sinh(float("0.5")), "v5": sinh(double("8")) };
				1246	</pre></div></div>
				1247	</li>
				1248	<li>
				1249
				1250	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				1251
				1252	<div>
				1253	<div>
				1254	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 1.1752011936438014, "v2": 3.626860407847019, "v3": 0.0, "v4": 0.5210953054937474, "v5": 1490.4788257895502 }
				1255	</pre></div></div>
				1256	</li>
				1257	</ul></div>
				1258	<div class="section">
				1259	<h3><a name="sqrt"></a>sqrt</h3>
				1260	<ul>
				1261
				1262	<li>
				1263
				1264	<p>Syntax:</p>
				1265
				1266	<div>
				1267	<div>
				1268	<pre class="source">sqrt(numeric_value)
				1269	</pre></div></div>
				1270	</li>
				1271	<li>
				1272
				1273	<p>Computes the square root of the argument.</p>
				1274	</li>
				1275	<li>Arguments:
				1276	<ul>
				1277
				1278	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				1279	</ul>
				1280	</li>
				1281	<li>Return Value:
				1282	<ul>
				1283
				1284	<li>the <tt>double</tt> square root value for the argument,</li>
				1285	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1286	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				1287	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				1288	</ul>
				1289	</li>
				1290	<li>
				1291
				1292	<p>Example:</p>
				1293
				1294	<div>
				1295	<div>
				1296	<pre class="source">{ "v1": sqrt(1), "v2": sqrt(2), "v3": sqrt(0), "v4": sqrt(float("0.5")), "v5": sqrt(double("1000")) };
				1297	</pre></div></div>
				1298	</li>
				1299	<li>
				1300
				1301	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				1302
				1303	<div>
				1304	<div>
				1305	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 1.0, "v2": 1.4142135623730951, "v3": 0.0, "v4": 0.7071067811865476, "v5": 31.622776601683793 }
				1306	</pre></div></div>
				1307	</li>
				1308	</ul></div>
				1309	<div class="section">
				1310	<h3><a name="tan"></a>tan</h3>
				1311	<ul>
				1312
				1313	<li>
				1314
				1315	<p>Syntax:</p>
				1316
				1317	<div>
				1318	<div>
				1319	<pre class="source">tan(numeric_value)
				1320	</pre></div></div>
				1321	</li>
				1322	<li>
				1323
				1324	<p>Computes the tangent value of the argument.</p>
				1325	</li>
				1326	<li>Arguments:
				1327	<ul>
				1328
				1329	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				1330	</ul>
				1331	</li>
				1332	<li>Return Value:
				1333	<ul>
				1334
				1335	<li>the <tt>double</tt> tangent value for the argument,</li>
				1336	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1337	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				1338	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				1339	</ul>
				1340	</li>
				1341	<li>
				1342
				1343	<p>Example:</p>
				1344
				1345	<div>
				1346	<div>
				1347	<pre class="source">{ "v1": tan(1), "v2": tan(2), "v3": tan(0), "v4": tan(float("0.5")), "v5": tan(double("1000")) };
				1348	</pre></div></div>
				1349	</li>
				1350	<li>
				1351
				1352	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				1353
				1354	<div>
				1355	<div>
				1356	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 1.5574077246549023, "v2": -2.185039863261519, "v3": 0.0, "v4": 0.5463024898437905, "v5": 1.4703241557027185 }
				1357	</pre></div></div>
				1358	</li>
				1359	</ul></div>
				1360	<div class="section">
				1361	<h3><a name="tanh"></a>tanh</h3>
				1362	<ul>
				1363
				1364	<li>
				1365
				1366	<p>Syntax:</p>
				1367
				1368	<div>
				1369	<div>
				1370	<pre class="source">tanh(numeric_value)
				1371	</pre></div></div>
				1372	</li>
				1373	<li>
				1374
				1375	<p>Computes the hyperbolic tangent value of the argument.</p>
				1376	</li>
				1377	<li>Arguments:
				1378	<ul>
				1379
				1380	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				1381	</ul>
				1382	</li>
				1383	<li>Return Value:
				1384	<ul>
				1385
				1386	<li>the <tt>double</tt> hyperbolic tangent value for the argument,</li>
				1387	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1388	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				1389	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				1390	</ul>
				1391	</li>
				1392	<li>
				1393
				1394	<p>Example:</p>
				1395
				1396	<div>
				1397	<div>
				1398	<pre class="source">{ "v1": tanh(1), "v2": tanh(2), "v3": tanh(0), "v4": tanh(float("0.5")), "v5": tanh(double("8")) };
				1399	</pre></div></div>
				1400	</li>
				1401	<li>
				1402
				1403	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				1404
				1405	<div>
				1406	<div>
				1407	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 0.7615941559557649, "v2": 0.964027580075817, "v3": 0.0, "v4": 0.4621171572600098, "v5": 0.999999774929676 }
				1408	</pre></div></div>
				1409	</li>
				1410	</ul></div>
				1411	<div class="section">
				1412	<h3><a name="trunc"></a>trunc</h3>
				1413	<ul>
				1414
				1415	<li>
				1416
				1417	<p>Syntax:</p>
				1418
				1419	<div>
				1420	<div>
				1421	<pre class="source">trunc(numeric_value, number_digits)
				1422	</pre></div></div>
				1423	</li>
				1424	<li>
				1425
				1426	<p>Truncates the number to the given number of integer digits to the right of the decimal point (left if digits is negative). Digits is 0 if not given.</p>
				1427	</li>
				1428	<li>Arguments:
				1429	<ul>
				1430
				1431	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value,</li>
				1432	<li><tt>number_digits</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt> value.</li>
				1433	</ul>
				1434	</li>
				1435	<li>Return Value:
				1436	<ul>
				1437
				1438	<li>the <tt>double</tt> tangent value for the argument,</li>
				1439	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1440	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				1441	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				1442	<ul>
				1443
				1444	<li>the first argument is any other non-numeric value,</li>
				1445	<li>the second argument is any other non-tinyint, non-smallint, non-integer, and non-bigint value.</li>
				1446	</ul>
				1447	</li>
				1448	</ul>
				1449	</li>
				1450	<li>
				1451
				1452	<p>Example:</p>
				1453
				1454	<div>
				1455	<div>
				1456	<pre class="source">{ "v1": trunc(1, 1), "v2": trunc(2, -2), "v3": trunc(0.122, 2), "v4": trunc(float("11.52"), -1), "v5": trunc(double("1000.5252"), 3) };
				1457	</pre></div></div>
				1458	</li>
				1459	<li>
				1460
				1461	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				1462
				1463	<div>
				1464	<div>
				1465	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 1, "v2": 2, "v3": 0.12, "v4": 10.0, "v5": 1000.525 }
				1466	</pre></div></div>
				1467	</li>
				1468	</ul><!--
				1469	! Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
				1470	! or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
				1471	! distributed with this work for additional information
				1472	! regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
				1473	! to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
				1474	! "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
				1475	! with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
				1476	!
				1477	! http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
				1478	!
				1479	! Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
				1480	! software distributed under the License is distributed on an
				1481	! "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
				1482	! KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
				1483	! specific language governing permissions and limitations
				1484	! under the License.
				1485	!-->
				1486	</div>
				1487	<div class="section">
				1488	<h3><a name="round_half_to_even"></a>round_half_to_even</h3>
				1489	<ul>
				1490
				1491	<li>
				1492
				1493	<p>Syntax:</p>
				1494
				1495	<div>
				1496	<div>
				1497	<pre class="source">round_half_to_even(numeric_value, [precision])
				1498	</pre></div></div>
				1499	</li>
				1500	<li>
				1501
				1502	<p>Computes the closest numeric value to <tt>numeric_value</tt> that is a multiple of ten to the power of minus <tt>precision</tt>. <tt>precision</tt> is optional and by default value <tt>0</tt> is used.</p>
				1503	</li>
				1504	<li>Arguments:
				1505	<ul>
				1506
				1507	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value.</li>
				1508	<li><tt>precision</tt>: an optional <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt> field representing the number of digits in the fraction of the the result</li>
				1509	</ul>
				1510	</li>
				1511	<li>Return Value:
				1512	<ul>
				1513
				1514	<li>The rounded value for the given number in the same type as the input argument,</li>
				1515	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1516	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1517	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				1518	<ul>
				1519
				1520	<li>the first argument is any other non-numeric value,</li>
				1521	<li>or, the second argument is any other non-tinyint, non-smallint, non-integer, or non-bigint value.</li>
				1522	</ul>
				1523	</li>
				1524	</ul>
				1525	</li>
				1526	<li>
				1527
				1528	<p>Example:</p>
				1529
				1530	<div>
				1531	<div>
				1532	<pre class="source">{
				1533	"v1": round_half_to_even(2013),
				1534	"v2": round_half_to_even(-4036),
				1535	"v3": round_half_to_even(0.8),
				1536	"v4": round_half_to_even(float("-2013.256")),
				1537	"v5": round_half_to_even(double("-2013.893823748327284")),
				1538	"v6": round_half_to_even(double("-2013.893823748327284"), 2),
				1539	"v7": round_half_to_even(2013, 4),
				1540	"v8": round_half_to_even(float("-2013.256"), 5)
				1541	};
				1542	</pre></div></div>
				1543	</li>
				1544	<li>
				1545
				1546	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				1547
				1548	<div>
				1549	<div>
				1550	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 2013, "v2": -4036, "v3": 1.0, "v4": -2013.0, "v5": -2014.0, "v6": -2013.89, "v7": 2013, "v8": -2013.256 }
				1551	</pre></div></div>
				1552	</li>
				1553	</ul><!--
				1554	! Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
				1555	! or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
				1556	! distributed with this work for additional information
				1557	! regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
				1558	! to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
				1559	! "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
				1560	! with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
				1561	!
				1562	! http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
				1563	!
				1564	! Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
				1565	! software distributed under the License is distributed on an
				1566	! "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
				1567	! KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
				1568	! specific language governing permissions and limitations
				1569	! under the License.
				1570	!-->
				1571	</div></div>
				1572	<div class="section">
				1573	<h2><a name="String_Functions"></a><a name="StringFunctions" id="StringFunctions">String Functions</a></h2>
				1574	<div class="section">
				1575	<h3><a name="concat"></a>concat</h3>
				1576	<ul>
				1577
				1578	<li>
				1579
				1580	<p>Syntax:</p>
				1581
				1582	<div>
				1583	<div>
				1584	<pre class="source">concat(string1, string2, ...)
				1585	</pre></div></div>
				1586	</li>
				1587	<li>
				1588
				1589	<p>Returns a concatenated string from arguments.</p>
				1590	</li>
				1591	<li>Arguments:
				1592	<ul>
				1593
				1594	<li><tt>string1</tt>: a string value,</li>
				1595	<li><tt>string2</tt>: a string value,</li>
				1596	<li>….</li>
				1597	</ul>
				1598	</li>
				1599	<li>Return Value:
				1600	<ul>
				1601
				1602	<li>a concatenated string from arguments,</li>
				1603	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1604	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1605	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error.</li>
				1606	</ul>
				1607	</li>
				1608	<li>
				1609
				1610	<p>Example:</p>
				1611
				1612	<div>
				1613	<div>
				1614	<pre class="source">concat("test ", "driven ", "development");
				1615	</pre></div></div>
				1616	</li>
				1617	<li>
				1618
				1619	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				1620
				1621	<div>
				1622	<div>
				1623	<pre class="source">"test driven development"
				1624	</pre></div></div>
				1625	</li>
				1626	</ul></div>
				1627	<div class="section">
				1628	<h3><a name="contains"></a>contains</h3>
				1629	<ul>
				1630
				1631	<li>
				1632
				1633	<p>Syntax:</p>
				1634
				1635	<div>
				1636	<div>
				1637	<pre class="source">contains(string, substring_to_contain)
				1638	</pre></div></div>
				1639	</li>
				1640	<li>
				1641
				1642	<p>Checks whether the string <tt>string</tt> contains the string <tt>substring_to_contain</tt></p>
				1643	</li>
				1644	<li>Arguments:
				1645	<ul>
				1646
				1647	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> that might contain the given substring,</li>
				1648	<li><tt>substring_to_contain</tt> : a target <tt>string</tt> that might be contained.</li>
				1649	</ul>
				1650	</li>
				1651	<li>Return Value:
				1652	<ul>
				1653
				1654	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> value, <tt>true</tt> if <tt>string</tt> contains <tt>substring_to_contain</tt>,</li>
				1655	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1656	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1657	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error,</li>
				1658	<li><tt>false</tt> otherwise.</li>
				1659	</ul>
				1660	</li>
				1661	<li>
				1662
				1663	<p>Note: an <a href="similarity.html#UsingIndexesToSupportSimilarityQueries">n_gram index</a> can be utilized for this function.</p>
				1664	</li>
				1665	<li>Example:
				1666
				1667	<div>
				1668	<div>
				1669	<pre class="source">{ "v1": contains("I like x-phone", "phone"), "v2": contains("one", "phone") };
				1670	</pre></div></div>
				1671	</li>
				1672	<li>
				1673
				1674	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				1675
				1676	<div>
				1677	<div>
				1678	<pre class="source">{ "v1": true, "v2": false }
				1679	</pre></div></div>
				1680	</li>
				1681	</ul></div>
				1682	<div class="section">
				1683	<h3><a name="ends_with"></a>ends_with</h3>
				1684	<ul>
				1685
				1686	<li>
				1687
				1688	<p>Syntax:</p>
				1689
				1690	<div>
				1691	<div>
				1692	<pre class="source">ends_with(string, substring_to_end_with)
				1693	</pre></div></div>
				1694	</li>
				1695	<li>
				1696
				1697	<p>Checks whether the string <tt>string</tt> ends with the string <tt>substring_to_end_with</tt>.</p>
				1698	</li>
				1699	<li>Arguments:
				1700	<ul>
				1701
				1702	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> that might end with the given string,</li>
				1703	<li><tt>substring_to_end_with</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> that might be contained as the ending substring.</li>
				1704	</ul>
				1705	</li>
				1706	<li>Return Value:
				1707	<ul>
				1708
				1709	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> value, <tt>true</tt> if <tt>string</tt> contains <tt>substring_to_contain</tt>,</li>
				1710	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1711	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1712	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error,</li>
				1713	<li><tt>false</tt> otherwise.</li>
				1714	</ul>
				1715	</li>
				1716	<li>
				1717
				1718	<p>Example:</p>
				1719
				1720	<div>
				1721	<div>
				1722	<pre class="source">{
				1723	"v1": ends_with(" love product-b its shortcut_menu is awesome:)", ":)"),
				1724	"v2": ends_with(" awsome:)", ":-)")
				1725	};
				1726	</pre></div></div>
				1727	</li>
				1728	<li>
				1729
				1730	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				1731
				1732	<div>
				1733	<div>
				1734	<pre class="source">{ "v1": true, "v2": false }
				1735	</pre></div></div>
				1736	</li>
				1737	</ul></div>
				1738	<div class="section">
				1739	<h3><a name="initcap_.28or_title.29"></a>initcap (or title)</h3>
				1740	<ul>
				1741
				1742	<li>
				1743
				1744	<p>Syntax:</p>
				1745
				1746	<div>
				1747	<div>
				1748	<pre class="source">initcap(string)
				1749	</pre></div></div>
				1750	</li>
				1751	<li>
				1752
				1753	<p>Converts a given string <tt>string</tt> so that the first letter of each word is uppercase and every other letter is lowercase. The function has an alias called “title”.</p>
				1754	</li>
				1755	<li>Arguments:
				1756	<ul>
				1757
				1758	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> to be converted.</li>
				1759	</ul>
				1760	</li>
				1761	<li>Return Value:
				1762	<ul>
				1763
				1764	<li>a <tt>string</tt> as the title form of the given <tt>string</tt>,</li>
				1765	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1766	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				1767	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error.</li>
				1768	</ul>
				1769	</li>
				1770	<li>
				1771
				1772	<p>Example:</p>
				1773
				1774	<div>
				1775	<div>
				1776	<pre class="source">{ "v1": initcap("ASTERIXDB is here!"), "v2": title("ASTERIXDB is here!") };
				1777	</pre></div></div>
				1778	</li>
				1779	<li>
				1780
				1781	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				1782
				1783	<div>
				1784	<div>
				1785	<pre class="source">{ "v1": "Asterixdb Is Here!", "v2": "Asterixdb Is Here!" }
				1786	</pre></div></div>
				1787	</li>
				1788	</ul></div>
				1789	<div class="section">
				1790	<h3><a name="length"></a>length</h3>
				1791	<ul>
				1792
				1793	<li>
				1794
				1795	<p>Syntax:</p>
				1796
				1797	<div>
				1798	<div>
				1799	<pre class="source">length(string)
				1800	</pre></div></div>
				1801	</li>
				1802	<li>
				1803
				1804	<p>Returns the length of the string <tt>string</tt>. Note that the length is in the unit of code point. See the following examples for more details.</p>
				1805	</li>
				1806	<li>Arguments:
				1807	<ul>
				1808
				1809	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> or <tt>null</tt> that represents the string to be checked.</li>
				1810	</ul>
				1811	</li>
				1812	<li>Return Value:
				1813	<ul>
				1814
				1815	<li>an <tt>bigint</tt> that represents the length of <tt>string</tt>,</li>
				1816	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1817	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				1818	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error.</li>
				1819	</ul>
				1820	</li>
				1821	<li>
				1822
				1823	<p>Example:</p>
				1824
				1825	<div>
				1826	<div>
				1827	<pre class="source">length("test string");
				1828	</pre></div></div>
				1829	</li>
				1830	<li>
				1831
				1832	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				1833
				1834	<div>
				1835	<div>
				1836	<pre class="source">11
				1837	</pre></div></div>
				1838	</li>
				1839	<li>
				1840
				1841	<p>Example:</p>
				1842
				1843	<div>
				1844	<div>
				1845	<pre class="source">length("👩‍👩‍👧‍👦");
				1846	</pre></div></div>
				1847	</li>
				1848	<li>
				1849
				1850	<p>The expected result is (the emoji character 👩‍👩‍👧‍👦 has 7 code points):</p>
				1851
				1852	<div>
				1853	<div>
				1854	<pre class="source">7
				1855	</pre></div></div>
				1856	</li>
				1857	</ul></div>
				1858	<div class="section">
				1859	<h3><a name="lower"></a>lower</h3>
				1860	<ul>
				1861
				1862	<li>
				1863
				1864	<p>Syntax:</p>
				1865
				1866	<div>
				1867	<div>
				1868	<pre class="source">lower(string)
				1869	</pre></div></div>
				1870	</li>
				1871	<li>
				1872
				1873	<p>Converts a given string <tt>string</tt> to its lowercase form.</p>
				1874	</li>
				1875	<li>Arguments:
				1876	<ul>
				1877
				1878	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> to be converted.</li>
				1879	</ul>
				1880	</li>
				1881	<li>Return Value:
				1882	<ul>
				1883
				1884	<li>a <tt>string</tt> as the lowercase form of the given <tt>string</tt>,</li>
				1885	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1886	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				1887	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error.</li>
				1888	</ul>
				1889	</li>
				1890	<li>
				1891
				1892	<p>Example:</p>
				1893
				1894	<div>
				1895	<div>
				1896	<pre class="source">lower("ASTERIXDB");
				1897	</pre></div></div>
				1898	</li>
				1899	<li>
				1900
				1901	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				1902
				1903	<div>
				1904	<div>
				1905	<pre class="source">"asterixdb"
				1906	</pre></div></div>
				1907	</li>
				1908	</ul></div>
				1909	<div class="section">
				1910	<h3><a name="ltrim"></a>ltrim</h3>
				1911	<ul>
				1912
				1913	<li>
				1914
				1915	<p>Syntax:</p>
				1916
				1917	<div>
				1918	<div>
				1919	<pre class="source">ltrim(string[, chars]);
				1920	</pre></div></div>
				1921	</li>
				1922	<li>
				1923
				1924	<p>Returns a new string with all leading characters that appear in <tt>chars</tt> removed. By default, white space is the character to trim. Note that here one character means one code point. For example, the emoji 4-people-family notation “👩‍👩‍👧‍👦” contains 7 code points, and it is possible to trim a few code points (such as a 2-people-family “👨‍👦”) from it. See the following example for more details.</p>
				1925	</li>
				1926	<li>Arguments:
				1927	<ul>
				1928
				1929	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> to be trimmed,</li>
				1930	<li><tt>chars</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> that contains characters that are used to trim.</li>
				1931	</ul>
				1932	</li>
				1933	<li>Return Value:
				1934	<ul>
				1935
				1936	<li>a trimmed, new <tt>string</tt>,</li>
				1937	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1938	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				1939	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error.</li>
				1940	</ul>
				1941	</li>
				1942	<li>Related functions: see <tt>trim()</tt>, <tt>rtrim()</tt></li>
				1943	<li>
				1944
				1945	<p>Example:</p>
				1946
				1947	<div>
				1948	<div>
				1949	<pre class="source">ltrim("me like x-phone", "eml");
				1950	</pre></div></div>
				1951	</li>
				1952	<li>
				1953
				1954	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				1955
				1956	<div>
				1957	<div>
				1958	<pre class="source">" like x-phone"
				1959	</pre></div></div>
				1960	</li>
				1961	<li>
				1962
				1963	<p>Example with multi-codepoint notation (trim the man and boy from the family of man, woman, girl and boy):</p>
				1964
				1965	<div>
				1966	<div>
				1967	<pre class="source">ltrim("👨‍👩‍👧‍👦", "👨‍👦")
				1968	</pre></div></div>
				1969	</li>
				1970	<li>
				1971
				1972	<p>The expected result is (only woman, girl and boy are left in the family):</p>
				1973
				1974	<div>
				1975	<div>
				1976	<pre class="source">"👩‍👧‍👦"
				1977	</pre></div></div>
				1978	</li>
				1979	</ul></div>
				1980	<div class="section">
				1981	<h3><a name="position"></a>position</h3>
				1982	<ul>
				1983
				1984	<li>
				1985
				1986	<p>Syntax:</p>
				1987
				1988	<div>
				1989	<div>
				1990	<pre class="source">position(string, string_pattern)
				1991	</pre></div></div>
				1992	</li>
				1993	<li>
				1994
				1995	<p>Returns the first position of <tt>string_pattern</tt> within <tt>string</tt>. The result is counted in the unit of code points. See the following example for more details.</p>
				1996	</li>
				1997	<li>
				1998
				1999	<p>The function returns the 0-based position. Another version of the function returns the 1-based position. Below are the aliases for each version:</p>
				2000	<ul>
				2001
				2002	<li>0-based: <tt>position</tt>, <tt>pos</tt>, <tt>position0</tt>, <tt>pos0</tt>.</li>
				2003	<li>1-based: <tt>position1</tt>, <tt>pos1</tt>.</li>
				2004	</ul>
				2005	</li>
				2006	<li>
				2007
				2008	<p>Arguments:</p>
				2009	<ul>
				2010
				2011	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> that might contain the pattern.</li>
				2012	<li><tt>string_pattern</tt> : a pattern <tt>string</tt> to be matched.</li>
				2013	</ul>
				2014	</li>
				2015	<li>Return Value:
				2016	<ul>
				2017
				2018	<li>the first position that <tt>string_pattern</tt> appears within <tt>string</tt> (starting at 0), or -1 if it does not appear,</li>
				2019	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2020	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2021	<li>any other non-string input value will return a <tt>null</tt>.</li>
				2022	</ul>
				2023	</li>
				2024	<li>
				2025
				2026	<p>Example:</p>
				2027
				2028	<div>
				2029	<div>
				2030	<pre class="source">{
				2031	"v1": position("ppphonepp", "phone"),
				2032	"v2": position("hone", "phone"),
				2033	"v3": position1("ppphonepp", "phone"),
				2034	"v4": position1("hone", "phone")
				2035	};
				2036	</pre></div></div>
				2037	</li>
				2038	<li>
				2039
				2040	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				2041
				2042	<div>
				2043	<div>
				2044	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 2, "v2": -1, v3": 3, "v4": -1 }
				2045	</pre></div></div>
				2046	</li>
				2047	<li>
				2048
				2049	<p>Example of multi-code-point character:</p>
				2050
				2051	<div>
				2052	<div>
				2053	<pre class="source">position("👩‍👩‍👧‍👦🏀", "🏀");
				2054	</pre></div></div>
				2055	</li>
				2056	<li>
				2057
				2058	<p>The expected result is (the emoji family character has 7 code points):</p>
				2059
				2060	<div>
				2061	<div>
				2062	<pre class="source">7
				2063	</pre></div></div>
				2064	</li>
				2065	</ul></div>
				2066	<div class="section">
				2067	<h3><a name="regexp_contains"></a>regexp_contains</h3>
				2068	<ul>
				2069
				2070	<li>
				2071
				2072	<p>Syntax:</p>
				2073
				2074	<div>
				2075	<div>
				2076	<pre class="source">regexp_contains(string, string_pattern[, string_flags])
				2077	</pre></div></div>
				2078	</li>
				2079	<li>
				2080
				2081	<p>Checks whether the strings <tt>string</tt> contains the regular expression pattern <tt>string_pattern</tt> (a Java regular expression pattern).</p>
				2082	</li>
				2083	<li>
				2084
				2085	<p>Aliases:</p>
				2086	<ul>
				2087
				2088	<li><tt>regexp_contains</tt>, <tt>regex_contains</tt>, <tt>contains_regexp</tt>, <tt>contains_regex</tt>.</li>
				2089	</ul>
				2090	</li>
				2091	<li>
				2092
				2093	<p>Arguments:</p>
				2094	<ul>
				2095
				2096	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> that might contain the pattern.</li>
				2097	<li><tt>string_pattern</tt> : a pattern <tt>string</tt> to be matched.</li>
				2098	<li><tt>string_flag</tt> : (Optional) a <tt>string</tt> with flags to be used during regular expression matching.
				2099	<ul>
				2100
				2101	<li>The following modes are enabled with these flags: dotall (s), multiline (m), case_insensitive (i), and comments and whitespace (x).</li>
				2102	</ul>
				2103	</li>
				2104	</ul>
				2105	</li>
				2106	<li>Return Value:
				2107	<ul>
				2108
				2109	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt>, returns <tt>true</tt> if <tt>string</tt> contains the pattern <tt>string_pattern</tt>, <tt>false</tt> otherwise.</li>
				2110	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				2111	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				2112	<li>any other non-string input value will return a <tt>null</tt>.</li>
				2113	</ul>
				2114	</li>
				2115	<li>
				2116
				2117	<p>Example:</p>
				2118
				2119	<div>
				2120	<div>
				2121	<pre class="source">{
				2122	"v1": regexp_contains("pphonepp", "p*hone"),
				2123	"v2": regexp_contains("hone", "p+hone")
				2124	};
				2125	</pre></div></div>
				2126	</li>
				2127	<li>
				2128
				2129	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				2130
				2131	<div>
				2132	<div>
				2133	<pre class="source">{ "v1": true, "v2": false }
				2134	</pre></div></div>
				2135	</li>
				2136	</ul></div>
				2137	<div class="section">
				2138	<h3><a name="regexp_like"></a>regexp_like</h3>
				2139	<ul>
				2140
				2141	<li>
				2142
				2143	<p>Syntax:</p>
				2144
				2145	<div>
				2146	<div>
				2147	<pre class="source">regexp_like(string, string_pattern[, string_flags])
				2148	</pre></div></div>
				2149	</li>
				2150	<li>
				2151
				2152	<p>Checks whether the string <tt>string</tt> exactly matches the regular expression pattern <tt>string_pattern</tt> (a Java regular expression pattern).</p>
				2153	</li>
				2154	<li>
				2155
				2156	<p>Aliases:</p>
				2157	<ul>
				2158
				2159	<li><tt>regexp_like</tt>, <tt>regex_like</tt>.</li>
				2160	</ul>
				2161	</li>
				2162	<li>
				2163
				2164	<p>Arguments:</p>
				2165	<ul>
				2166
				2167	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> that might contain the pattern.</li>
				2168	<li><tt>string_pattern</tt> : a pattern <tt>string</tt> that might be contained.</li>
				2169	<li><tt>string_flag</tt> : (Optional) a <tt>string</tt> with flags to be used during regular expression matching.
				2170	<ul>
				2171
				2172	<li>The following modes are enabled with these flags: dotall (s), multiline (m), case_insensitive (i), and comments and whitespace (x).</li>
				2173	</ul>
				2174	</li>
				2175	</ul>
				2176	</li>
				2177	<li>Return Value:
				2178	<ul>
				2179
				2180	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> value, <tt>true</tt> if <tt>string</tt> contains the pattern <tt>string_pattern</tt>, <tt>false</tt> otherwise.</li>
				2181	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				2182	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				2183	<li>any other non-string input value will return a <tt>null</tt>.</li>
				2184	</ul>
				2185	</li>
				2186	<li>
				2187
				2188	<p>Example:</p>
				2189
				2190	<div>
				2191	<div>
				2192	<pre class="source">{
				2193	"v1": regexp_like(" can't stand acast the network is horrible:(", ".acast."),
				2194	"v2": regexp_like("acast", ".acst.")
				2195	};
				2196	</pre></div></div>
				2197	</li>
				2198	<li>
				2199
				2200	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				2201
				2202	<div>
				2203	<div>
				2204	<pre class="source">{ "v1": true, "v2": false }
				2205	</pre></div></div>
				2206	</li>
				2207	</ul></div>
				2208	<div class="section">
				2209	<h3><a name="regexp_position"></a>regexp_position</h3>
				2210	<ul>
				2211
				2212	<li>
				2213
				2214	<p>Syntax:</p>
				2215
				2216	<div>
				2217	<div>
				2218	<pre class="source">regexp_position(string, string_pattern[, string_flags])
				2219	</pre></div></div>
				2220	</li>
				2221	<li>
				2222
				2223	<p>Returns first position of the regular expression <tt>string_pattern</tt> (a Java regular expression pattern) within <tt>string</tt>. The function returns the 0-based position. Another version of the function returns the 1-based position. Below are the aliases for each version:</p>
				2224	</li>
				2225	<li>
				2226
				2227	<p>Aliases:</p>
				2228	<ul>
				2229
				2230	<li>0-Based: <tt>regexp_position</tt>, <tt>regexp_pos</tt>, <tt>regexp_position0</tt>, <tt>regexp_pos0</tt>, <tt>regex_position</tt>, <tt>regex_pos</tt>, <tt>regex_position0</tt>, <tt>regex_pos0</tt>.</li>
				2231	<li>1-Based: <tt>regexp_position1</tt>, <tt>regexp_pos1</tt>, <tt>regex_position1</tt> <tt>regex_pos1</tt>.</li>
				2232	</ul>
				2233	</li>
				2234	<li>
				2235
				2236	<p>Arguments:</p>
				2237	<ul>
				2238
				2239	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> that might contain the pattern.</li>
				2240	<li><tt>string_pattern</tt> : a pattern <tt>string</tt> to be matched.</li>
				2241	<li><tt>string_flag</tt> : (Optional) a <tt>string</tt> with flags to be used during regular expression matching.
				2242	<ul>
				2243
				2244	<li>The following modes are enabled with these flags: dotall (s), multiline (m), case_insensitive (i), and comments and whitespace (x).</li>
				2245	</ul>
				2246	</li>
				2247	</ul>
				2248	</li>
				2249	<li>Return Value:
				2250	<ul>
				2251
				2252	<li>the first position that the regular expression <tt>string_pattern</tt> appears in <tt>string</tt> (starting at 0), or -1 if it does not appear.</li>
				2253	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2254	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2255	<li>any other non-string input value will return a <tt>null</tt>.</li>
				2256	</ul>
				2257	</li>
				2258	<li>
				2259
				2260	<p>Example:</p>
				2261
				2262	<div>
				2263	<div>
				2264	<pre class="source">{
				2265	"v1": regexp_position("pphonepp", "p*hone"),
				2266	"v2": regexp_position("hone", "p+hone"),
				2267	"v3": regexp_position1("pphonepp", "p*hone"),
				2268	"v4": regexp_position1("hone", "p+hone")
				2269	};
				2270	</pre></div></div>
				2271	</li>
				2272	<li>
				2273
				2274	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				2275
				2276	<div>
				2277	<div>
				2278	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 0, "v2": -1, "v3": 1, "v4": -1 }
				2279	</pre></div></div>
				2280	</li>
				2281	</ul></div>
				2282	<div class="section">
				2283	<h3><a name="regexp_replace"></a>regexp_replace</h3>
				2284	<ul>
				2285
				2286	<li>
				2287
				2288	<p>Syntax:</p>
				2289
				2290	<div>
				2291	<div>
				2292	<pre class="source">regexp_replace(string, string_pattern, string_replacement[, string_flags])
				2293	regexp_replace(string, string_pattern, string_replacement[, replacement_limit])
				2294	</pre></div></div>
				2295	</li>
				2296	<li>
				2297
				2298	<p>Checks whether the string <tt>string</tt> matches the given regular expression pattern <tt>string_pattern</tt> (a Java regular expression pattern), and replaces the matched pattern <tt>string_pattern</tt> with the new pattern <tt>string_replacement</tt>.</p>
				2299	</li>
				2300	<li>
				2301
				2302	<p>Aliases:</p>
				2303	<ul>
				2304
				2305	<li><tt>regexp_replace</tt>, <tt>regex_replace</tt>.</li>
				2306	</ul>
				2307	</li>
				2308	<li>
				2309
				2310	<p>Arguments:</p>
				2311	<ul>
				2312
				2313	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> that might contain the pattern.</li>
				2314	<li><tt>string_pattern</tt> : a pattern <tt>string</tt> to be matched.</li>
				2315	<li><tt>string_replacement</tt> : a pattern <tt>string</tt> to be used as the replacement.</li>
				2316	<li><tt>string_flag</tt> : (Optional) a <tt>string</tt> with flags to be used during replace.
				2317	<ul>
				2318
				2319	<li>The following modes are enabled with these flags: dotall (s), multiline (m), case_insensitive (i), and comments and whitespace (x).</li>
				2320	</ul>
				2321	</li>
				2322	<li><tt>replacement_limit</tt>: (Optional) an <tt>integer</tt> specifying the maximum number of replacements to make (if negative then all occurrences will be replaced)</li>
				2323	</ul>
				2324	</li>
				2325	<li>Return Value:
				2326	<ul>
				2327
				2328	<li>Returns a <tt>string</tt> that is obtained after the replacements.</li>
				2329	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				2330	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				2331	<li>any other non-string input value will return a <tt>null</tt>.</li>
				2332	</ul>
				2333	</li>
				2334	<li>
				2335
				2336	<p>Example:</p>
				2337
				2338	<div>
				2339	<div>
				2340	<pre class="source">regexp_replace(" like x-phone the voicemail_service is awesome", " like x-phone", "like product-a");
				2341	</pre></div></div>
				2342	</li>
				2343	<li>
				2344
				2345	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				2346
				2347	<div>
				2348	<div>
				2349	<pre class="source">"like product-a the voicemail_service is awesome"
				2350	</pre></div></div>
				2351	</li>
				2352	</ul></div>
				2353	<div class="section">
				2354	<h3><a name="repeat"></a>repeat</h3>
				2355	<ul>
				2356
				2357	<li>
				2358
				2359	<p>Syntax:</p>
				2360
				2361	<div>
				2362	<div>
				2363	<pre class="source">repeat(string, n)
				2364	</pre></div></div>
				2365	</li>
				2366	<li>
				2367
				2368	<p>Returns a string formed by repeating the input <tt>string</tt> <tt>n</tt> times.</p>
				2369	</li>
				2370	<li>Arguments:
				2371	<ul>
				2372
				2373	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> to be repeated,</li>
				2374	<li><tt>n</tt> : an <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt> value - how many times the string should be repeated.</li>
				2375	</ul>
				2376	</li>
				2377	<li>Return Value:
				2378	<ul>
				2379
				2380	<li>a string that repeats the input <tt>string</tt> <tt>n</tt> times,</li>
				2381	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2382	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2383	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				2384	<ul>
				2385
				2386	<li>the first argument is any other non-string value,</li>
				2387	<li>or, the second argument is not a <tt>tinyint</tt>, <tt>smallint</tt>, <tt>integer</tt>, or <tt>bigint</tt>.</li>
				2388	</ul>
				2389	</li>
				2390	</ul>
				2391	</li>
				2392	<li>
				2393
				2394	<p>Example:</p>
				2395
				2396	<div>
				2397	<div>
				2398	<pre class="source">repeat("test", 3);
				2399	</pre></div></div>
				2400	</li>
				2401	<li>
				2402
				2403	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				2404
				2405	<div>
				2406	<div>
				2407	<pre class="source">"testtesttest"
				2408	</pre></div></div>
				2409	</li>
				2410	</ul></div>
				2411	<div class="section">
				2412	<h3><a name="replace"></a>replace</h3>
				2413	<ul>
				2414
				2415	<li>
				2416
				2417	<p>Syntax:</p>
				2418
				2419	<div>
				2420	<div>
				2421	<pre class="source">replace(string, search_string, replacement_string[, limit])
				2422	</pre></div></div>
				2423	</li>
				2424	<li>
				2425
				2426	<p>Finds occurrences of the given substring <tt>search_string</tt> in the input string <tt>string</tt> and replaces them with the new substring <tt>replacement_string</tt>.</p>
				2427	</li>
				2428	<li>Arguments:
				2429	<ul>
				2430
				2431	<li><tt>string</tt> : an input <tt>string</tt>,</li>
				2432	<li><tt>search_string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> substring to be searched for,</li>
				2433	<li><tt>replacement_string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> to be used as the replacement,</li>
				2434	<li><tt>limit</tt> : (Optional) an <tt>integer</tt> - maximum number of occurrences to be replaced. If not specified or negative then all occurrences will be replaced</li>
				2435	</ul>
				2436	</li>
				2437	<li>Return Value:
				2438	<ul>
				2439
				2440	<li>Returns a <tt>string</tt> that is obtained after the replacements,</li>
				2441	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2442	<li>any other non-string input value or non-integer <tt>limit</tt> will cause a type error,</li>
				2443	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				2444	</ul>
				2445	</li>
				2446	<li>
				2447
				2448	<p>Example:</p>
				2449
				2450	<div>
				2451	<div>
				2452	<pre class="source">{
				2453	"v1": replace(" like x-phone the voicemail_service is awesome", " like x-phone", "like product-a"),
				2454	"v2": replace("x-phone and x-phone", "x-phone", "product-a", 1)
				2455	};
				2456	</pre></div></div>
				2457	</li>
				2458	<li>
				2459
				2460	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				2461
				2462	<div>
				2463	<div>
				2464	<pre class="source">{
				2465	"v1": "like product-a the voicemail_service is awesome",
				2466	"v2": "product-a and x-phone"
				2467	}
				2468	</pre></div></div>
				2469	</li>
				2470	</ul></div>
				2471	<div class="section">
				2472	<h3><a name="reverse"></a>reverse</h3>
				2473	<ul>
				2474
				2475	<li>
				2476
				2477	<p>Syntax:</p>
				2478
				2479	<div>
				2480	<div>
				2481	<pre class="source">reverse(string)
				2482	</pre></div></div>
				2483	</li>
				2484	<li>
				2485
				2486	<p>Returns a string formed by reversing characters in the input <tt>string</tt>. For characters of multiple code points, code point is the minimal unit to reverse. See the following examples for more details.</p>
				2487	</li>
				2488	<li>Arguments:
				2489	<ul>
				2490
				2491	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> to be reversed</li>
				2492	</ul>
				2493	</li>
				2494	<li>Return Value:
				2495	<ul>
				2496
				2497	<li>a string containing characters from the the input <tt>string</tt> in the reverse order,</li>
				2498	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2499	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2500	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				2501	<ul>
				2502
				2503	<li>the first argument is any other non-string value</li>
				2504	</ul>
				2505	</li>
				2506	</ul>
				2507	</li>
				2508	<li>
				2509
				2510	<p>Example:</p>
				2511
				2512	<div>
				2513	<div>
				2514	<pre class="source">reverse("hello");
				2515	</pre></div></div>
				2516	</li>
				2517	<li>
				2518
				2519	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				2520
				2521	<div>
				2522	<div>
				2523	<pre class="source">"olleh"
				2524	</pre></div></div>
				2525	</li>
				2526	<li>
				2527
				2528	<p>Example of multi-code-point character (Korean):</p>
				2529
				2530	<div>
				2531	<div>
				2532	<pre class="source">reverse("한글");
				2533	</pre></div></div>
				2534	</li>
				2535	<li>
				2536
				2537	<p>The expected result is (the Korean characters are splitted into code points and then the code points are reversed):</p>
				2538
				2539	<div>
				2540	<div>
				2541	<pre class="source">"ᆯᅳᄀᆫᅡᄒ"
				2542	</pre></div></div>
				2543	</li>
				2544	</ul></div>
				2545	<div class="section">
				2546	<h3><a name="rtrim"></a>rtrim</h3>
				2547	<ul>
				2548
				2549	<li>
				2550
				2551	<p>Syntax:</p>
				2552
				2553	<div>
				2554	<div>
				2555	<pre class="source">rtrim(string[, chars]);
				2556	</pre></div></div>
				2557	</li>
				2558	<li>
				2559
				2560	<p>Returns a new string with all trailing characters that appear in <tt>chars</tt> removed. By default, white space is the character to trim. Note that here one character means one code point. For example, the emoji 4-people-family notation “👩‍👩‍👧‍👦” contains 7 code points, and it is possible to trim a few code points (such as a 2-people-family “👨‍👦”) from it. See the following example for more details.</p>
				2561	</li>
				2562	<li>Arguments:
				2563	<ul>
				2564
				2565	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> to be trimmed,</li>
				2566	<li><tt>chars</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> that contains characters that are used to trim.</li>
				2567	</ul>
				2568	</li>
				2569	<li>Return Value:
				2570	<ul>
				2571
				2572	<li>a trimmed, new <tt>string</tt>,</li>
				2573	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2574	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2575	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error.</li>
				2576	</ul>
				2577	</li>
				2578	<li>Related functions: see <tt>trim()</tt>, <tt>ltrim()</tt></li>
				2579	<li>
				2580
				2581	<p>Example:</p>
				2582
				2583	<div>
				2584	<div>
				2585	<pre class="source">{
				2586	"v1": rtrim("i like x-phone", "x-phone"),
				2587	"v2": rtrim("i like x-phone", "onexph")
				2588	};
				2589	</pre></div></div>
				2590	</li>
				2591	<li>
				2592
				2593	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				2594
				2595	<div>
				2596	<div>
				2597	<pre class="source">{ "v1": "i like ", "v2": "i like x-" }
				2598	</pre></div></div>
				2599	</li>
				2600	<li>
				2601
				2602	<p>Example with multi-codepoint notation (trim the man and boy from the family of man, woman, girl and boy):</p>
				2603
				2604	<div>
				2605	<div>
				2606	<pre class="source">rtrim("👨‍👩‍👧‍👦", "👨‍👦")
				2607	</pre></div></div>
				2608	</li>
				2609	<li>
				2610
				2611	<p>The expected result is (only man, woman and girl are left in the family):</p>
				2612
				2613	<div>
				2614	<div>
				2615	<pre class="source">"👨‍👩‍👧"
				2616	</pre></div></div>
				2617	</li>
				2618	</ul></div>
				2619	<div class="section">
				2620	<h3><a name="split"></a>split</h3>
				2621	<ul>
				2622
				2623	<li>
				2624
				2625	<p>Syntax:</p>
				2626
				2627	<div>
				2628	<div>
				2629	<pre class="source">split(string, sep)
				2630	</pre></div></div>
				2631	</li>
				2632	<li>
				2633
				2634	<p>Splits the input <tt>string</tt> into an array of substrings separated by the string <tt>sep</tt>.</p>
				2635	</li>
				2636	<li>Arguments:
				2637	<ul>
				2638
				2639	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> to be split.</li>
				2640	</ul>
				2641	</li>
				2642	<li>Return Value:
				2643	<ul>
				2644
				2645	<li>an array of substrings by splitting the input <tt>string</tt> by <tt>sep</tt>,</li>
				2646	<li>in case of two consecutive <tt>sep</tt>s in the <tt>string</tt>, the result of splitting the two consecutive <tt>sep</tt>s will be the empty string <tt>""</tt>,</li>
				2647	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2648	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				2649	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error.</li>
				2650	</ul>
				2651	</li>
				2652	<li>
				2653
				2654	<p>Example:</p>
				2655
				2656	<div>
				2657	<div>
				2658	<pre class="source">split("test driven development", " ");
				2659	</pre></div></div>
				2660	</li>
				2661	<li>
				2662
				2663	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				2664
				2665	<div>
				2666	<div>
				2667	<pre class="source">[ "test", "driven", "development" ]
				2668	</pre></div></div>
				2669	</li>
				2670	<li>
				2671
				2672	<p>Example with two consecutive <tt>sep</tt>s in the <tt>string</tt>:</p>
				2673
				2674	<div>
				2675	<div>
				2676	<pre class="source">split("123//456", "/");
				2677	</pre></div></div>
				2678	</li>
				2679	<li>
				2680
				2681	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				2682
				2683	<div>
				2684	<div>
				2685	<pre class="source">[ "123", "", "456" ]
				2686	</pre></div></div>
				2687	</li>
				2688	</ul></div>
				2689	<div class="section">
				2690	<h3><a name="starts_with"></a>starts_with</h3>
				2691	<ul>
				2692
				2693	<li>
				2694
				2695	<p>Syntax:</p>
				2696
				2697	<div>
				2698	<div>
				2699	<pre class="source">starts_with(string, substring_to_start_with)
				2700	</pre></div></div>
				2701	</li>
				2702	<li>
				2703
				2704	<p>Checks whether the string <tt>string</tt> starts with the string <tt>substring_to_start_with</tt>.</p>
				2705	</li>
				2706	<li>Arguments:
				2707	<ul>
				2708
				2709	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> that might start with the given string.</li>
				2710	<li><tt>substring_to_start_with</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> that might be contained as the starting substring.</li>
				2711	</ul>
				2712	</li>
				2713	<li>Return Value:
				2714	<ul>
				2715
				2716	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt>, returns <tt>true</tt> if <tt>string</tt> starts with the string <tt>substring_to_start_with</tt>,</li>
				2717	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2718	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2719	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error,</li>
				2720	<li><tt>false</tt> otherwise.</li>
				2721	</ul>
				2722	</li>
				2723	<li>
				2724
				2725	<p>Example:</p>
				2726
				2727	<div>
				2728	<div>
				2729	<pre class="source">{
				2730	"v1" : starts_with(" like the plan, amazing", " like"),
				2731	"v2" : starts_with("I like the plan, amazing", " like")
				2732	};
				2733	</pre></div></div>
				2734	</li>
				2735	<li>
				2736
				2737	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				2738
				2739	<div>
				2740	<div>
				2741	<pre class="source">{ "v1": true, "v2": false }
				2742	</pre></div></div>
				2743	</li>
				2744	</ul></div>
				2745	<div class="section">
				2746	<h3><a name="substr"></a>substr</h3>
				2747	<ul>
				2748
				2749	<li>
				2750
				2751	<p>Syntax:</p>
				2752
				2753	<div>
				2754	<div>
				2755	<pre class="source">substr(string, offset[, length])
				2756	</pre></div></div>
				2757	</li>
				2758	<li>
				2759
				2760	<p>Returns the substring from the given string <tt>string</tt> based on the given start offset <tt>offset</tt> with the optional <tt>length</tt>. Note that both of the <tt>offset</tt> and <tt>length</tt> are in the unit of code point (e.g. the emoji family 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 has 7 code points). The function uses the 0-based position. Another version of the function uses the 1-based position. Below are the aliases for each version:</p>
				2761	</li>
				2762	<li>
				2763
				2764	<p>Aliases:</p>
				2765	<ul>
				2766
				2767	<li>0-Based: <tt>substring</tt>, <tt>substr</tt>, <tt>substring0</tt>, <tt>substr0</tt>.</li>
				2768	<li>1-Based: <tt>substring1</tt>, <tt>substr1</tt>.</li>
				2769	</ul>
				2770	</li>
				2771	<li>
				2772
				2773	<p>Arguments:</p>
				2774	<ul>
				2775
				2776	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> to be extracted.</li>
				2777	<li><tt>offset</tt> : an <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt> value as the starting offset of the substring in <tt>string</tt> (starting at 0). If negative then counted from the end of the string.</li>
				2778	<li><tt>length</tt> : (Optional) an an <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt> value as the length of the substring.</li>
				2779	</ul>
				2780	</li>
				2781	<li>Return Value:
				2782	<ul>
				2783
				2784	<li>a <tt>string</tt> that represents the substring,</li>
				2785	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2786	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value, or if the substring could not be obtained because the starting offset is not within string bounds or <tt>length</tt> is negative.</li>
				2787	<li>a <tt>null</tt> will be returned if:
				2788	<ul>
				2789
				2790	<li>the first argument is any other non-string value.</li>
				2791	<li>the second argument is not a <tt>tinyint</tt>, <tt>smallint</tt>, <tt>integer</tt>, or <tt>bigint</tt>.</li>
				2792	<li>the third argument is not a <tt>tinyint</tt>, <tt>smallint</tt>, <tt>integer</tt>, or <tt>bigint</tt> if the argument is present.</li>
				2793	</ul>
				2794	</li>
				2795	</ul>
				2796	</li>
				2797	<li>
				2798
				2799	<p>Example:</p>
				2800
				2801	<div>
				2802	<div>
				2803	<pre class="source">{ "v1": substr("test string", 6, 3), "v2": substr1("test string", 6, 3) };
				2804	</pre></div></div>
				2805	</li>
				2806	<li>
				2807
				2808	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				2809
				2810	<div>
				2811	<div>
				2812	<pre class="source">{ "v1": "tri", "v2": "str" }
				2813	</pre></div></div>
				2814	</li>
				2815	</ul>
				2816	<p>The function has an alias <tt>substring</tt>.</p></div>
				2817	<div class="section">
				2818	<h3><a name="trim"></a>trim</h3>
				2819	<ul>
				2820
				2821	<li>
				2822
				2823	<p>Syntax:</p>
				2824
				2825	<div>
				2826	<div>
				2827	<pre class="source">trim(string[, chars]);
				2828	</pre></div></div>
				2829	</li>
				2830	<li>
				2831
				2832	<p>Returns a new string with all leading and trailing characters that appear in <tt>chars</tt> removed. By default, white space is the character to trim. Note that here one character means one code point. For example, the emoji 4-people-family notation “👩‍👩‍👧‍👦” contains 7 code points, and it is possible to trim a few code points (such as a 2-people-family “👨‍👦”) from it. See the following example for more details.</p>
				2833	</li>
				2834	<li>Arguments:
				2835	<ul>
				2836
				2837	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> to be trimmed,</li>
				2838	<li><tt>chars</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> that contains characters that are used to trim.</li>
				2839	</ul>
				2840	</li>
				2841	<li>Return Value:
				2842	<ul>
				2843
				2844	<li>a trimmed, new <tt>string</tt>,</li>
				2845	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2846	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2847	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error.</li>
				2848	</ul>
				2849	</li>
				2850	<li>Related functions: see <tt>ltrim()</tt>, <tt>rtrim()</tt></li>
				2851	<li>
				2852
				2853	<p>Example:</p>
				2854
				2855	<div>
				2856	<div>
				2857	<pre class="source">trim("i like x-phone", "xphoen");
				2858	</pre></div></div>
				2859	</li>
				2860	<li>
				2861
				2862	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				2863
				2864	<div>
				2865	<div>
				2866	<pre class="source">" like "
				2867	</pre></div></div>
				2868	</li>
				2869	<li>
				2870
				2871	<p>Example with multi-codepoint notation (trim the man and boy from the family of man, woman, girl and boy):</p>
				2872	<p>trim(“👨‍👩‍👧‍👦”, “👨‍👦”)</p>
				2873	</li>
				2874	<li>
				2875
				2876	<p>The expected result is (only woman and girl are left in the family):</p>
				2877
				2878	<div>
				2879	<div>
				2880	<pre class="source"> "👩‍👧"
				2881	</pre></div></div>
				2882	</li>
				2883	</ul></div>
				2884	<div class="section">
				2885	<h3><a name="upper"></a>upper</h3>
				2886	<ul>
				2887
				2888	<li>
				2889
				2890	<p>Syntax:</p>
				2891
				2892	<div>
				2893	<div>
				2894	<pre class="source">upper(string)
				2895	</pre></div></div>
				2896	</li>
				2897	<li>
				2898
				2899	<p>Converts a given string <tt>string</tt> to its uppercase form.</p>
				2900	</li>
				2901	<li>Arguments:
				2902	<ul>
				2903
				2904	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> to be converted.</li>
				2905	</ul>
				2906	</li>
				2907	<li>Return Value:
				2908	<ul>
				2909
				2910	<li>a <tt>string</tt> as the uppercase form of the given <tt>string</tt>,</li>
				2911	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2912	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				2913	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error.</li>
				2914	</ul>
				2915	</li>
				2916	<li>
				2917
				2918	<p>Example:</p>
				2919
				2920	<div>
				2921	<div>
				2922	<pre class="source">upper("hello")
				2923	</pre></div></div>
				2924	</li>
				2925	<li>
				2926
				2927	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				2928
				2929	<div>
				2930	<div>
				2931	<pre class="source">"HELLO"
				2932	</pre></div></div>
				2933	</li>
				2934	</ul><!--
				2935	! Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
				2936	! or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
				2937	! distributed with this work for additional information
				2938	! regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
				2939	! to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
				2940	! "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
				2941	! with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
				2942	!
				2943	! http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
				2944	!
				2945	! Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
				2946	! software distributed under the License is distributed on an
				2947	! "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
				2948	! KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
				2949	! specific language governing permissions and limitations
				2950	! under the License.
				2951	!-->
				2952	</div>
				2953	<div class="section">
				2954	<h3><a name="string_concat"></a>string_concat</h3>
				2955	<ul>
				2956
				2957	<li>
				2958
				2959	<p>Syntax:</p>
				2960
				2961	<div>
				2962	<div>
				2963	<pre class="source">string_concat(array)
				2964	</pre></div></div>
				2965	</li>
				2966	<li>
				2967
				2968	<p>Concatenates an array of strings <tt>array</tt> into a single string.</p>
				2969	</li>
				2970	<li>Arguments:
				2971	<ul>
				2972
				2973	<li><tt>array</tt> : an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> of <tt>string</tt>s (could be <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>) to be concatenated.</li>
				2974	</ul>
				2975	</li>
				2976	<li>Return Value:
				2977	<ul>
				2978
				2979	<li>the concatenated <tt>string</tt> value,</li>
				2980	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2981	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				2982	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any element in the input array is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				2983	<li><tt>null</tt> if any element in the input array is <tt>null</tt> but no element in the input array is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				2984	<li>any other non-array input value or non-integer element in the input array will cause a type error.</li>
				2985	</ul>
				2986	</li>
				2987	<li>
				2988
				2989	<p>Example:</p>
				2990
				2991	<div>
				2992	<div>
				2993	<pre class="source">string_concat(["ASTERIX", " ", "ROCKS!"]);
				2994	</pre></div></div>
				2995	</li>
				2996	<li>
				2997
				2998	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				2999
				3000	<div>
				3001	<div>
				3002	<pre class="source">"ASTERIX ROCKS!"
				3003	</pre></div></div>
				3004	</li>
				3005	</ul></div>
				3006	<div class="section">
				3007	<h3><a name="string_join"></a>string_join</h3>
				3008	<ul>
				3009
				3010	<li>
				3011
				3012	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3013
				3014	<div>
				3015	<div>
				3016	<pre class="source">string_join(array, string)
				3017	</pre></div></div>
				3018	</li>
				3019	<li>
				3020
				3021	<p>Joins an array or multiset of strings <tt>array</tt> with the given separator <tt>string</tt> into a single string.</p>
				3022	</li>
				3023	<li>Arguments:
				3024	<ul>
				3025
				3026	<li><tt>array</tt> : an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> of strings (could be <tt>null</tt>) to be joined.</li>
				3027	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> to serve as the separator.</li>
				3028	</ul>
				3029	</li>
				3030	<li>Return Value:
				3031	<ul>
				3032
				3033	<li>the joined <tt>string</tt>,</li>
				3034	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3035	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3036	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the first argument array contains a <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				3037	<li><tt>null</tt> if the first argument array contains a <tt>null</tt> but does not contain a <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				3038	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				3039	<ul>
				3040
				3041	<li>the first argument is any other non-array value, or contains any other non-string value,</li>
				3042	<li>or, the second argument is any other non-string value.</li>
				3043	</ul>
				3044	</li>
				3045	</ul>
				3046	</li>
				3047	<li>
				3048
				3049	<p>Example:</p>
				3050
				3051	<div>
				3052	<div>
				3053	<pre class="source">string_join(["ASTERIX", "ROCKS~"], "!! ");
				3054	</pre></div></div>
				3055	</li>
				3056	<li>
				3057
				3058	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				3059
				3060	<div>
				3061	<div>
				3062	<pre class="source">"ASTERIX!! ROCKS~"
				3063	</pre></div></div>
				3064	</li>
				3065	</ul></div>
				3066	<div class="section">
				3067	<h3><a name="string_to_codepoint"></a>string_to_codepoint</h3>
				3068	<ul>
				3069
				3070	<li>
				3071
				3072	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3073
				3074	<div>
				3075	<div>
				3076	<pre class="source">string_to_codepoint(string)
				3077	</pre></div></div>
				3078	</li>
				3079	<li>
				3080
				3081	<p>Converts the string <tt>string</tt> to its code_based representation.</p>
				3082	</li>
				3083	<li>Arguments:
				3084	<ul>
				3085
				3086	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> that will be converted.</li>
				3087	</ul>
				3088	</li>
				3089	<li>Return Value:
				3090	<ul>
				3091
				3092	<li>an <tt>array</tt> of the code points for the string <tt>string</tt>,</li>
				3093	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3094	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				3095	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error.</li>
				3096	</ul>
				3097	</li>
				3098	<li>
				3099
				3100	<p>Example:</p>
				3101
				3102	<div>
				3103	<div>
				3104	<pre class="source">string_to_codepoint("Hello ASTERIX!");
				3105	</pre></div></div>
				3106	</li>
				3107	<li>
				3108
				3109	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				3110
				3111	<div>
				3112	<div>
				3113	<pre class="source">[ 72, 101, 108, 108, 111, 32, 65, 83, 84, 69, 82, 73, 88, 33 ]
				3114	</pre></div></div>
				3115	</li>
				3116	</ul></div>
				3117	<div class="section">
				3118	<h3><a name="codepoint_to_string"></a>codepoint_to_string</h3>
				3119	<ul>
				3120
				3121	<li>
				3122
				3123	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3124
				3125	<div>
				3126	<div>
				3127	<pre class="source">codepoint_to_string(array)
				3128	</pre></div></div>
				3129	</li>
				3130	<li>
				3131
				3132	<p>Converts the ordered code_based representation <tt>array</tt> to the corresponding string.</p>
				3133	</li>
				3134	<li>Arguments:
				3135	<ul>
				3136
				3137	<li><tt>array</tt> : an <tt>array</tt> of integer code_points.</li>
				3138	</ul>
				3139	</li>
				3140	<li>Return Value:
				3141	<ul>
				3142
				3143	<li>a <tt>string</tt> representation of <tt>array</tt>.</li>
				3144	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3145	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				3146	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any element in the input array is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				3147	<li><tt>null</tt> if any element in the input array is <tt>null</tt> but no element in the input array is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				3148	<li>any other non-array input value or non-integer element in the input array will cause a type error.</li>
				3149	</ul>
				3150	</li>
				3151	<li>
				3152
				3153	<p>Example:</p>
				3154
				3155	<div>
				3156	<div>
				3157	<pre class="source">codepoint_to_string([72, 101, 108, 108, 111, 32, 65, 83, 84, 69, 82, 73, 88, 33]);
				3158	</pre></div></div>
				3159	</li>
				3160	<li>
				3161
				3162	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				3163
				3164	<div>
				3165	<div>
				3166	<pre class="source">"Hello ASTERIX!"
				3167	</pre></div></div>
				3168	</li>
				3169	</ul></div>
				3170	<div class="section">
				3171	<h3><a name="substring_before"></a>substring_before</h3>
				3172	<ul>
				3173
				3174	<li>
				3175
				3176	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3177
				3178	<div>
				3179	<div>
				3180	<pre class="source">substring_before(string, string_pattern)
				3181	</pre></div></div>
				3182	</li>
				3183	<li>
				3184
				3185	<p>Returns the substring from the given string <tt>string</tt> before the given pattern <tt>string_pattern</tt>.</p>
				3186	</li>
				3187	<li>Arguments:
				3188	<ul>
				3189
				3190	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> to be extracted.</li>
				3191	<li><tt>string_pattern</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> pattern to be searched.</li>
				3192	</ul>
				3193	</li>
				3194	<li>Return Value:
				3195	<ul>
				3196
				3197	<li>a <tt>string</tt> that represents the substring,</li>
				3198	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3199	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3200	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error.</li>
				3201	</ul>
				3202	</li>
				3203	<li>
				3204
				3205	<p>Example:</p>
				3206
				3207	<div>
				3208	<div>
				3209	<pre class="source">substring_before(" like x-phone", "x-phone");
				3210	</pre></div></div>
				3211	</li>
				3212	<li>
				3213
				3214	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				3215
				3216	<div>
				3217	<div>
				3218	<pre class="source">" like "
				3219	</pre></div></div>
				3220	</li>
				3221	</ul></div>
				3222	<div class="section">
				3223	<h3><a name="substring_after"></a>substring_after</h3>
				3224	<ul>
				3225
				3226	<li>
				3227
				3228	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3229	<p>substring_after(string, string_pattern);</p>
				3230	</li>
				3231	<li>
				3232
				3233	<p>Returns the substring from the given string <tt>string</tt> after the given pattern <tt>string_pattern</tt>.</p>
				3234	</li>
				3235	<li>Arguments:
				3236	<ul>
				3237
				3238	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> to be extracted.</li>
				3239	<li><tt>string_pattern</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> pattern to be searched.</li>
				3240	</ul>
				3241	</li>
				3242	<li>Return Value:
				3243	<ul>
				3244
				3245	<li>a <tt>string</tt> that represents the substring,</li>
				3246	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3247	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3248	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error.</li>
				3249	</ul>
				3250	</li>
				3251	<li>
				3252
				3253	<p>Example:</p>
				3254
				3255	<div>
				3256	<div>
				3257	<pre class="source">substring_after(" like x-phone", "xph");
				3258	</pre></div></div>
				3259	</li>
				3260	<li>
				3261
				3262	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				3263
				3264	<div>
				3265	<div>
				3266	<pre class="source">"one"
				3267	</pre></div></div>
				3268	</li>
				3269	</ul><!--
				3270	! Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
				3271	! or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
				3272	! distributed with this work for additional information
				3273	! regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
				3274	! to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
				3275	! "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
				3276	! with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
				3277	!
				3278	! http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
				3279	!
				3280	! Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
				3281	! software distributed under the License is distributed on an
				3282	! "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
				3283	! KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
				3284	! specific language governing permissions and limitations
				3285	! under the License.
				3286	!-->
				3287	</div></div>
				3288	<div class="section">
				3289	<h2><a name="Binary_Functions"></a><a name="BinaryFunctions" id="BinaryFunctions">Binary Functions</a></h2>
				3290	<div class="section">
				3291	<h3><a name="parse_binary"></a>parse_binary</h3>
				3292	<ul>
				3293
				3294	<li>
				3295
				3296	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3297	<p>parse_binary(string, encoding)</p>
				3298	</li>
				3299	<li>
				3300
				3301	<p>Creates a <tt>binary</tt> from an string encoded in <tt>encoding</tt> format.</p>
				3302	</li>
				3303	<li>Arguments:
				3304	<ul>
				3305
				3306	<li><tt>string</tt> : an encoded <tt>string</tt>,</li>
				3307	<li><tt>encoding</tt> : a string notation specifies the encoding type of the given <tt>string</tt>. Currently we support <tt>hex</tt> and <tt>base64</tt> format.</li>
				3308	</ul>
				3309	</li>
				3310	<li>Return Value:
				3311	<ul>
				3312
				3313	<li>a <tt>binary</tt> that is decoded from the given <tt>string</tt>,</li>
				3314	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3315	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3316	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error.</li>
				3317	</ul>
				3318	</li>
				3319	<li>
				3320
				3321	<p>Example:</p>
				3322	<p>[ parse_binary(“ABCDEF0123456789”,“hex”), parse_binary(“abcdef0123456789”,“HEX”), parse_binary(‘QXN0ZXJpeAE=’,“base64”) ];</p>
				3323	</li>
				3324	<li>
				3325
				3326	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				3327	<p>[ hex(“ABCDEF0123456789”), hex(“ABCDEF0123456789”), hex(“4173746572697801”) ]</p>
				3328	</li>
				3329	</ul></div>
				3330	<div class="section">
				3331	<h3><a name="print_binary"></a>print_binary</h3>
				3332	<ul>
				3333
				3334	<li>
				3335
				3336	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3337	<p>print_binary(binary, encoding)</p>
				3338	</li>
				3339	<li>
				3340
				3341	<p>Prints a <tt>binary</tt> to the required encoding <tt>string</tt> format.</p>
				3342	</li>
				3343	<li>Arguments:
				3344	<ul>
				3345
				3346	<li><tt>binary</tt> : a <tt>binary</tt> data need to be printed.</li>
				3347	<li><tt>encoding</tt> : a string notation specifies the expected encoding type. Currently we support <tt>hex</tt> and <tt>base64</tt> format.</li>
				3348	</ul>
				3349	</li>
				3350	<li>Return Value:
				3351	<ul>
				3352
				3353	<li>a <tt>string</tt> that represents the encoded format of a <tt>binary</tt>,</li>
				3354	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3355	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3356	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error.</li>
				3357	</ul>
				3358	</li>
				3359	<li>
				3360
				3361	<p>Example:</p>
				3362
				3363	<div>
				3364	<div>
				3365	<pre class="source">[ print_binary(hex("ABCDEF0123456789"), "base64"), print_binary(base64("q83vASNFZ4k="), "hex") ]
				3366	</pre></div></div>
				3367	</li>
				3368	<li>
				3369
				3370	<p>The expected result are:</p>
				3371
				3372	<div>
				3373	<div>
				3374	<pre class="source">[ "q83vASNFZ4k=", "ABCDEF0123456789" ]
				3375	</pre></div></div>
				3376	</li>
				3377	</ul></div>
				3378	<div class="section">
				3379	<h3><a name="binary_length"></a>binary_length</h3>
				3380	<ul>
				3381
				3382	<li>
				3383
				3384	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3385	<p>binary_length(binary)</p>
				3386	</li>
				3387	<li>
				3388
				3389	<p>Returns the number of bytes storing the binary data.</p>
				3390	</li>
				3391	<li>Arguments:
				3392	<ul>
				3393
				3394	<li><tt>binary</tt> : a <tt>binary</tt> value to be checked.</li>
				3395	</ul>
				3396	</li>
				3397	<li>Return Value:
				3398	<ul>
				3399
				3400	<li>an <tt>bigint</tt> that represents the number of bytes,</li>
				3401	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3402	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				3403	<li>any other non-binary input value will cause a type error.</li>
				3404	</ul>
				3405	</li>
				3406	<li>
				3407
				3408	<p>Example:</p>
				3409
				3410	<div>
				3411	<div>
				3412	<pre class="source">binary_length(hex("00AA"))
				3413	</pre></div></div>
				3414	</li>
				3415	<li>
				3416
				3417	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				3418	<p>2</p>
				3419	</li>
				3420	</ul></div>
				3421	<div class="section">
				3422	<h3><a name="sub_binary"></a>sub_binary</h3>
				3423	<ul>
				3424
				3425	<li>
				3426
				3427	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3428	<p>sub_binary(binary, offset[, length])</p>
				3429	</li>
				3430	<li>
				3431
				3432	<p>Returns the sub binary from the given <tt>binary</tt> based on the given start offset with the optional <tt>length</tt>.</p>
				3433	</li>
				3434	<li>Arguments:
				3435	<ul>
				3436
				3437	<li><tt>binary</tt> : a <tt>binary</tt> to be extracted,</li>
				3438	<li><tt>offset</tt> : a <tt>tinyint</tt>, <tt>smallint</tt>, <tt>integer</tt>, or <tt>bigint</tt> value as the starting offset of the sub binary in <tt>binary</tt> (starting at 0),</li>
				3439	<li><tt>length</tt> : (Optional) a <tt>tinyint</tt>, <tt>smallint</tt>, <tt>integer</tt>, or <tt>bigint</tt> value as the length of the sub binary.</li>
				3440	</ul>
				3441	</li>
				3442	<li>Return Value:
				3443	<ul>
				3444
				3445	<li>a <tt>binary</tt> that represents the sub binary,</li>
				3446	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3447	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3448	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				3449	<ul>
				3450
				3451	<li>the first argument is any other non-binary value,</li>
				3452	<li>or, the second argument is any other non-integer value,</li>
				3453	<li>or, the third argument is any other non-integer value, if it is present.</li>
				3454	</ul>
				3455	</li>
				3456	</ul>
				3457	</li>
				3458	<li>
				3459
				3460	<p>Example:</p>
				3461
				3462	<div>
				3463	<div>
				3464	<pre class="source">sub_binary(hex("AABBCCDD"), 4);
				3465	</pre></div></div>
				3466	</li>
				3467	<li>
				3468
				3469	<p>The expected result is</p>
				3470
				3471	<div>
				3472	<div>
				3473	<pre class="source">hex("DD")
				3474	</pre></div></div>
				3475	</li>
				3476	</ul></div>
				3477	<div class="section">
				3478	<h3><a name="binary_concat"></a>binary_concat</h3>
				3479	<ul>
				3480
				3481	<li>
				3482
				3483	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3484	<p>binary_concat(array)</p>
				3485	</li>
				3486	<li>
				3487
				3488	<p>Concatenates a binary <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> into a single binary.</p>
				3489	</li>
				3490	<li>Arguments:
				3491	<ul>
				3492
				3493	<li><tt>array</tt> : an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> of binaries (could be <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>) to be concatenated.</li>
				3494	</ul>
				3495	</li>
				3496	<li>Return Value :
				3497	<ul>
				3498
				3499	<li>the concatenated <tt>binary</tt> value,</li>
				3500	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3501	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				3502	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any element in the input array is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				3503	<li><tt>null</tt> if any element in the input array is <tt>null</tt> but no element in the input array is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				3504	<li>any other non-array input value or non-binary element in the input array will cause a type error.</li>
				3505	</ul>
				3506	</li>
				3507	<li>
				3508
				3509	<p>Example:</p>
				3510	<p>binary_concat([hex(“42”), hex(""), hex(‘42’)]);</p>
				3511	</li>
				3512	<li>
				3513
				3514	<p>The expected result is</p>
				3515	<p>hex(“4242”)</p>
				3516	</li>
				3517	</ul><!--
				3518	! Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
				3519	! or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
				3520	! distributed with this work for additional information
				3521	! regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
				3522	! to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
				3523	! "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
				3524	! with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
				3525	!
				3526	! http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
				3527	!
				3528	! Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
				3529	! software distributed under the License is distributed on an
				3530	! "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
				3531	! KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
				3532	! specific language governing permissions and limitations
				3533	! under the License.
				3534	!-->
				3535	</div></div>
				3536	<div class="section">
				3537	<h2><a name="Spatial_Functions"></a><a name="SpatialFunctions" id="SpatialFunctions">Spatial Functions</a></h2>
				3538	<div class="section">
				3539	<h3><a name="create_point"></a>create_point</h3>
				3540	<ul>
				3541
				3542	<li>
				3543
				3544	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3545
				3546	<div>
				3547	<div>
				3548	<pre class="source">create_point(x, y)
				3549	</pre></div></div>
				3550	</li>
				3551	<li>
				3552
				3553	<p>Creates the primitive type <tt>point</tt> using an <tt>x</tt> and <tt>y</tt> value.</p>
				3554	</li>
				3555	<li>Arguments:</li>
				3556	<li><tt>x</tt> : a <tt>double</tt> that represents the x-coordinate,</li>
				3557	<li><tt>y</tt> : a <tt>double</tt> that represents the y-coordinate.</li>
				3558	<li>Return Value:</li>
				3559	<li>a <tt>point</tt> representing the ordered pair (<tt>x</tt>, <tt>y</tt>),</li>
				3560	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3561	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3562	<li>any other non-double input value will cause a type error.</li>
				3563	<li>
				3564
				3565	<p>Example:</p>
				3566
				3567	<div>
				3568	<div>
				3569	<pre class="source">{ "point": create_point(30.0,70.0) };
				3570	</pre></div></div>
				3571	</li>
				3572	<li>
				3573
				3574	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				3575
				3576	<div>
				3577	<div>
				3578	<pre class="source">{ "point": point("30.0,70.0") }
				3579	</pre></div></div>
				3580	</li>
				3581	</ul></div>
				3582	<div class="section">
				3583	<h3><a name="create_line"></a>create_line</h3>
				3584	<ul>
				3585
				3586	<li>
				3587
				3588	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3589
				3590	<div>
				3591	<div>
				3592	<pre class="source">create_line(point1, point2)
				3593	</pre></div></div>
				3594	</li>
				3595	<li>
				3596
				3597	<p>Creates the primitive type <tt>line</tt> using <tt>point1</tt> and <tt>point2</tt>.</p>
				3598	</li>
				3599	<li>Arguments:
				3600	<ul>
				3601
				3602	<li><tt>point1</tt> : a <tt>point</tt> that represents the start point of the line.</li>
				3603	<li><tt>point2</tt> : a <tt>point</tt> that represents the end point of the line.</li>
				3604	</ul>
				3605	</li>
				3606	<li>Return Value:
				3607	<ul>
				3608
				3609	<li>a spatial <tt>line</tt> created using the points provided in <tt>point1</tt> and <tt>point2</tt>,</li>
				3610	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3611	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3612	<li>any other non-point input value will cause a type error.</li>
				3613	</ul>
				3614	</li>
				3615	<li>
				3616
				3617	<p>Example:</p>
				3618
				3619	<div>
				3620	<div>
				3621	<pre class="source">{ "line": create_line(create_point(30.0,70.0), create_point(50.0,90.0)) };
				3622	</pre></div></div>
				3623	</li>
				3624	<li>
				3625
				3626	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				3627
				3628	<div>
				3629	<div>
				3630	<pre class="source">{ "line": line("30.0,70.0 50.0,90.0") }
				3631	</pre></div></div>
				3632	</li>
				3633	</ul></div>
				3634	<div class="section">
				3635	<h3><a name="create_rectangle"></a>create_rectangle</h3>
				3636	<ul>
				3637
				3638	<li>
				3639
				3640	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3641
				3642	<div>
				3643	<div>
				3644	<pre class="source">create_rectangle(point1, point2)
				3645	</pre></div></div>
				3646	</li>
				3647	<li>
				3648
				3649	<p>Creates the primitive type <tt>rectangle</tt> using <tt>point1</tt> and <tt>point2</tt>.</p>
				3650	</li>
				3651	<li>Arguments:
				3652	<ul>
				3653
				3654	<li><tt>point1</tt> : a <tt>point</tt> that represents the lower_left point of the rectangle.</li>
				3655	<li><tt>point2</tt> : a <tt>point</tt> that represents the upper_right point of the rectangle.</li>
				3656	</ul>
				3657	</li>
				3658	<li>Return Value:
				3659	<ul>
				3660
				3661	<li>a spatial <tt>rectangle</tt> created using the points provided in <tt>point1</tt> and <tt>point2</tt>,</li>
				3662	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3663	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3664	<li>any other non-point input value will cause a type error.</li>
				3665	</ul>
				3666	</li>
				3667	<li>
				3668
				3669	<p>Example:</p>
				3670
				3671	<div>
				3672	<div>
				3673	<pre class="source">{ "rectangle": create_rectangle(create_point(30.0,70.0), create_point(50.0,90.0)) };
				3674	</pre></div></div>
				3675	</li>
				3676	<li>
				3677
				3678	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				3679
				3680	<div>
				3681	<div>
				3682	<pre class="source">{ "rectangle": rectangle("30.0,70.0 50.0,90.0") }
				3683	</pre></div></div>
				3684	</li>
				3685	</ul></div>
				3686	<div class="section">
				3687	<h3><a name="create_circle"></a>create_circle</h3>
				3688	<ul>
				3689
				3690	<li>
				3691
				3692	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3693
				3694	<div>
				3695	<div>
				3696	<pre class="source">create_circle(point, radius)
				3697	</pre></div></div>
				3698	</li>
				3699	<li>
				3700
				3701	<p>Creates the primitive type <tt>circle</tt> using <tt>point</tt> and <tt>radius</tt>.</p>
				3702	</li>
				3703	<li>Arguments:
				3704	<ul>
				3705
				3706	<li><tt>point</tt> : a <tt>point</tt> that represents the center of the circle.</li>
				3707	<li><tt>radius</tt> : a <tt>double</tt> that represents the radius of the circle.</li>
				3708	</ul>
				3709	</li>
				3710	<li>Return Value:
				3711	<ul>
				3712
				3713	<li>a spatial <tt>circle</tt> created using the center point and the radius provided in <tt>point</tt> and <tt>radius</tt>.</li>
				3714	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3715	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3716	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				3717	<ul>
				3718
				3719	<li>the first argument is any other non-point value,</li>
				3720	<li>or, the second argument is any other non-double value.</li>
				3721	</ul>
				3722	</li>
				3723	</ul>
				3724	</li>
				3725	<li>
				3726
				3727	<p>Example:</p>
				3728
				3729	<div>
				3730	<div>
				3731	<pre class="source">{ "circle": create_circle(create_point(30.0,70.0), 5.0) }
				3732	</pre></div></div>
				3733	</li>
				3734	<li>
				3735
				3736	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				3737
				3738	<div>
				3739	<div>
				3740	<pre class="source">{ "circle": circle("30.0,70.0 5.0") }
				3741	</pre></div></div>
				3742	</li>
				3743	</ul></div>
				3744	<div class="section">
				3745	<h3><a name="create_polygon"></a>create_polygon</h3>
				3746	<ul>
				3747
				3748	<li>
				3749
				3750	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3751
				3752	<div>
				3753	<div>
				3754	<pre class="source">create_polygon(array)
				3755	</pre></div></div>
				3756	</li>
				3757	<li>
				3758
				3759	<p>Creates the primitive type <tt>polygon</tt> using the double values provided in the argument <tt>array</tt>. Each two consecutive double values represent a point starting from the first double value in the array. Note that at least six double values should be specified, meaning a total of three points.</p>
				3760	</li>
				3761	<li>Arguments:
				3762	<ul>
				3763
				3764	<li><tt>array</tt> : an array of doubles representing the points of the polygon.</li>
				3765	</ul>
				3766	</li>
				3767	<li>Return Value:
				3768	<ul>
				3769
				3770	<li>a <tt>polygon</tt>, represents a spatial simple polygon created using the points provided in <tt>array</tt>.</li>
				3771	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3772	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				3773	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any element in the input array is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				3774	<li><tt>null</tt> if any element in the input array is <tt>null</tt> but no element in the input array is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				3775	<li>any other non-array input value or non-double element in the input array will cause a type error.</li>
				3776	</ul>
				3777	</li>
				3778	<li>
				3779
				3780	<p>Example:</p>
				3781
				3782	<div>
				3783	<div>
				3784	<pre class="source">{ "polygon": create_polygon([1.0,1.0,2.0,2.0,3.0,3.0,4.0,4.0]) };
				3785	</pre></div></div>
				3786	</li>
				3787	<li>
				3788
				3789	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				3790
				3791	<div>
				3792	<div>
				3793	<pre class="source">{ "polygon": polygon("1.0,1.0 2.0,2.0 3.0,3.0 4.0,4.0") }
				3794	</pre></div></div>
				3795	</li>
				3796	</ul></div>
				3797	<div class="section">
				3798	<h3><a name="get_x.2Fget_y"></a>get_x/get_y</h3>
				3799	<ul>
				3800
				3801	<li>
				3802
				3803	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3804
				3805	<div>
				3806	<div>
				3807	<pre class="source">get_x(point) or get_y(point)
				3808	</pre></div></div>
				3809	</li>
				3810	<li>
				3811
				3812	<p>Returns the x or y coordinates of a point <tt>point</tt>.</p>
				3813	</li>
				3814	<li>Arguments:
				3815	<ul>
				3816
				3817	<li><tt>point</tt> : a <tt>point</tt>.</li>
				3818	</ul>
				3819	</li>
				3820	<li>Return Value:
				3821	<ul>
				3822
				3823	<li>a <tt>double</tt> representing the x or y coordinates of the point <tt>point</tt>,</li>
				3824	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3825	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				3826	<li>any other non-point input value will cause a type error.</li>
				3827	</ul>
				3828	</li>
				3829	<li>
				3830
				3831	<p>Example:</p>
				3832
				3833	<div>
				3834	<div>
				3835	<pre class="source">{ "x_coordinate": get_x(create_point(2.3,5.0)), "y_coordinate": get_y(create_point(2.3,5.0)) };
				3836	</pre></div></div>
				3837	</li>
				3838	<li>
				3839
				3840	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				3841
				3842	<div>
				3843	<div>
				3844	<pre class="source">{ "x_coordinate": 2.3, "y_coordinate": 5.0 }
				3845	</pre></div></div>
				3846	</li>
				3847	</ul></div>
				3848	<div class="section">
				3849	<h3><a name="get_points"></a>get_points</h3>
				3850	<ul>
				3851
				3852	<li>
				3853
				3854	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3855
				3856	<div>
				3857	<div>
				3858	<pre class="source">get_points(spatial_object)
				3859	</pre></div></div>
				3860	</li>
				3861	<li>
				3862
				3863	<p>Returns an ordered array of the points forming the spatial object <tt>spatial_object</tt>.</p>
				3864	</li>
				3865	<li>Arguments:
				3866	<ul>
				3867
				3868	<li><tt>spatial_object</tt> : a <tt>point</tt>, <tt>line</tt>, <tt>rectangle</tt>, <tt>circle</tt>, or <tt>polygon</tt>.</li>
				3869	</ul>
				3870	</li>
				3871	<li>Return Value:
				3872	<ul>
				3873
				3874	<li>an <tt>array</tt> of the points forming the spatial object <tt>spatial_object</tt>,</li>
				3875	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3876	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				3877	<li>any other non-spatial-object input value will cause a type error.</li>
				3878	</ul>
				3879	</li>
				3880	<li>
				3881
				3882	<p>Example:</p>
				3883
				3884	<div>
				3885	<div>
				3886	<pre class="source">get_points(create_polygon([1.0,1.0,2.0,2.0,3.0,3.0,4.0,4.0]))
				3887	</pre></div></div>
				3888	</li>
				3889	<li>
				3890
				3891	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				3892
				3893	<div>
				3894	<div>
				3895	<pre class="source">[ point("1.0,1.0"), point("2.0,2.0"), point("3.0,3.0"), point("4.0,4.0") ]
				3896	</pre></div></div>
				3897	</li>
				3898	</ul></div>
				3899	<div class="section">
				3900	<h3><a name="get_center.2Fget_radius"></a>get_center/get_radius</h3>
				3901	<ul>
				3902
				3903	<li>
				3904
				3905	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3906
				3907	<div>
				3908	<div>
				3909	<pre class="source">get_center(circle_expression) or get_radius(circle_expression)
				3910	</pre></div></div>
				3911	</li>
				3912	<li>
				3913
				3914	<p>Returns the center and the radius of a circle <tt>circle_expression</tt>, respectively.</p>
				3915	</li>
				3916	<li>Arguments:
				3917	<ul>
				3918
				3919	<li><tt>circle_expression</tt> : a <tt>circle</tt>.</li>
				3920	</ul>
				3921	</li>
				3922	<li>Return Value:
				3923	<ul>
				3924
				3925	<li>a <tt>point</tt> or <tt>double</tt>, represent the center or radius of the circle <tt>circle_expression</tt>.</li>
				3926	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3927	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				3928	<li>any other non-circle input value will cause a type error.</li>
				3929	</ul>
				3930	</li>
				3931	<li>
				3932
				3933	<p>Example:</p>
				3934
				3935	<div>
				3936	<div>
				3937	<pre class="source">{
				3938	"circle_radius": get_radius(create_circle(create_point(6.0,3.0), 1.0)),
				3939	"circle_center": get_center(create_circle(create_point(6.0,3.0), 1.0))
				3940	};
				3941	</pre></div></div>
				3942	</li>
				3943	<li>
				3944
				3945	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				3946
				3947	<div>
				3948	<div>
				3949	<pre class="source">{ "circle_radius": 1.0, "circle_center": point("6.0,3.0") }
				3950	</pre></div></div>
				3951	</li>
				3952	</ul></div>
				3953	<div class="section">
				3954	<h3><a name="spatial_distance"></a>spatial_distance</h3>
				3955	<ul>
				3956
				3957	<li>
				3958
				3959	<p>Syntax:</p>
				3960
				3961	<div>
				3962	<div>
				3963	<pre class="source">spatial_distance(point1, point2)
				3964	</pre></div></div>
				3965	</li>
				3966	<li>
				3967
				3968	<p>Returns the Euclidean distance between <tt>point1</tt> and <tt>point2</tt>.</p>
				3969	</li>
				3970	<li>Arguments:
				3971	<ul>
				3972
				3973	<li><tt>point1</tt> : a <tt>point</tt>.</li>
				3974	<li><tt>point2</tt> : a <tt>point</tt>.</li>
				3975	</ul>
				3976	</li>
				3977	<li>Return Value:
				3978	<ul>
				3979
				3980	<li>a <tt>double</tt> as the Euclidean distance between <tt>point1</tt> and <tt>point2</tt>.</li>
				3981	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3982	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				3983	<li>any other non-point input value will cause a type error.</li>
				3984	</ul>
				3985	</li>
				3986	<li>
				3987
				3988	<p>Example:</p>
				3989
				3990	<div>
				3991	<div>
				3992	<pre class="source">spatial_distance(point("47.44,80.65"), create_point(30.0,70.0));
				3993	</pre></div></div>
				3994	</li>
				3995	<li>
				3996
				3997	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				3998
				3999	<div>
				4000	<div>
				4001	<pre class="source">20.434678857275934
				4002	</pre></div></div>
				4003	</li>
				4004	</ul></div>
				4005	<div class="section">
				4006	<h3><a name="spatial_area"></a>spatial_area</h3>
				4007	<ul>
				4008
				4009	<li>
				4010
				4011	<p>Syntax:</p>
				4012
				4013	<div>
				4014	<div>
				4015	<pre class="source">spatial_area(spatial_2d_expression)
				4016	</pre></div></div>
				4017	</li>
				4018	<li>
				4019
				4020	<p>Returns the spatial area of <tt>spatial_2d_expression</tt>.</p>
				4021	</li>
				4022	<li>Arguments:
				4023	<ul>
				4024
				4025	<li><tt>spatial_2d_expression</tt> : a <tt>rectangle</tt>, <tt>circle</tt>, or <tt>polygon</tt>.</li>
				4026	</ul>
				4027	</li>
				4028	<li>Return Value:
				4029	<ul>
				4030
				4031	<li>a <tt>double</tt> representing the area of <tt>spatial_2d_expression</tt>.</li>
				4032	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4033	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				4034	<li>any other non-2d-spatial-object will cause a type error.</li>
				4035	</ul>
				4036	</li>
				4037	<li>
				4038
				4039	<p>Example:</p>
				4040
				4041	<div>
				4042	<div>
				4043	<pre class="source">spatial_area(create_circle(create_point(0.0,0.0), 5.0));
				4044	</pre></div></div>
				4045	</li>
				4046	<li>
				4047
				4048	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				4049
				4050	<div>
				4051	<div>
				4052	<pre class="source">78.53981625
				4053	</pre></div></div>
				4054	</li>
				4055	</ul></div>
				4056	<div class="section">
				4057	<h3><a name="spatial_intersect"></a>spatial_intersect</h3>
				4058	<ul>
				4059
				4060	<li>
				4061
				4062	<p>Syntax:</p>
				4063
				4064	<div>
				4065	<div>
				4066	<pre class="source">spatial_intersect(spatial_object1, spatial_object2)
				4067	</pre></div></div>
				4068	</li>
				4069	<li>
				4070
				4071	<p>Checks whether <tt>@arg1</tt> and <tt>@arg2</tt> spatially intersect each other.</p>
				4072	</li>
				4073	<li>Arguments:
				4074	<ul>
				4075
				4076	<li><tt>spatial_object1</tt> : a <tt>point</tt>, <tt>line</tt>, <tt>rectangle</tt>, <tt>circle</tt>, or <tt>polygon</tt>.</li>
				4077	<li><tt>spatial_object2</tt> : a <tt>point</tt>, <tt>line</tt>, <tt>rectangle</tt>, <tt>circle</tt>, or <tt>polygon</tt>.</li>
				4078	</ul>
				4079	</li>
				4080	<li>Return Value:
				4081	<ul>
				4082
				4083	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> representing whether <tt>spatial_object1</tt> and <tt>spatial_object2</tt> spatially overlap with each other,</li>
				4084	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4085	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4086	<li>any other non-spatial-object input value will cause a type error.</li>
				4087	</ul>
				4088	</li>
				4089	<li>
				4090
				4091	<p>Example:</p>
				4092
				4093	<div>
				4094	<div>
				4095	<pre class="source">spatial_intersect(point("39.28,70.48"), create_rectangle(create_point(30.0,70.0), create_point(40.0,80.0)));
				4096	</pre></div></div>
				4097	</li>
				4098	<li>
				4099
				4100	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				4101
				4102	<div>
				4103	<div>
				4104	<pre class="source">true
				4105	</pre></div></div>
				4106	</li>
				4107	</ul></div>
				4108	<div class="section">
				4109	<h3><a name="spatial_cell"></a>spatial_cell</h3>
				4110	<ul>
				4111
				4112	<li>
				4113
				4114	<p>Syntax:</p>
				4115
				4116	<div>
				4117	<div>
				4118	<pre class="source">spatial_cell(point1, point2, x_increment, y_increment)
				4119	</pre></div></div>
				4120	</li>
				4121	<li>
				4122
				4123	<p>Returns the grid cell that <tt>point1</tt> belongs to.</p>
				4124	</li>
				4125	<li>Arguments:
				4126	<ul>
				4127
				4128	<li><tt>point1</tt> : a <tt>point</tt> representing the point of interest that its grid cell will be returned.</li>
				4129	<li><tt>point2</tt> : a <tt>point</tt> representing the origin of the grid.</li>
				4130	<li><tt>x_increment</tt> : a <tt>double</tt>, represents X increments.</li>
				4131	<li><tt>y_increment</tt> : a <tt>double</tt>, represents Y increments.</li>
				4132	</ul>
				4133	</li>
				4134	<li>Return Value:
				4135	<ul>
				4136
				4137	<li>a <tt>rectangle</tt> representing the grid cell that <tt>point1</tt> belongs to,</li>
				4138	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4139	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4140	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				4141	<ul>
				4142
				4143	<li>the first or second argument is any other non-point value,</li>
				4144	<li>or, the second or third argument is any other non-double value.</li>
				4145	</ul>
				4146	</li>
				4147	</ul>
				4148	</li>
				4149	<li>
				4150
				4151	<p>Example:</p>
				4152
				4153	<div>
				4154	<div>
				4155	<pre class="source">spatial_cell(point("39.28,70.48"), create_point(20.0,50.0), 5.5, 6.0);
				4156	</pre></div></div>
				4157	</li>
				4158	<li>
				4159
				4160	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				4161
				4162	<div>
				4163	<div>
				4164	<pre class="source">rectangle("36.5,68.0 42.0,74.0");
				4165	</pre></div></div>
				4166	</li>
				4167	</ul><!--
				4168	! Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
				4169	! or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
				4170	! distributed with this work for additional information
				4171	! regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
				4172	! to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
				4173	! "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
				4174	! with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
				4175	!
				4176	! http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
				4177	!
				4178	! Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
				4179	! software distributed under the License is distributed on an
				4180	! "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
				4181	! KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
				4182	! specific language governing permissions and limitations
				4183	! under the License.
				4184	!-->
				4185	</div></div>
				4186	<div class="section">
				4187	<h2><a name="Similarity_Functions"></a><a name="SimilarityFunctions" id="SimilarityFunctions">Similarity Functions</a></h2>
				4188	<p>AsterixDB supports queries with different similarity functions, including <a class="externalLink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenshtein_distance">edit distance</a> and <a class="externalLink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaccard_index">Jaccard</a>.</p>
				4189	<div class="section">
				4190	<h3><a name="edit_distance"></a>edit_distance</h3>
				4191	<ul>
				4192
				4193	<li>
				4194
				4195	<p>Syntax:</p>
				4196
				4197	<div>
				4198	<div>
				4199	<pre class="source">edit_distance(expression1, expression2)
				4200	</pre></div></div>
				4201	</li>
				4202	<li>
				4203
				4204	<p>Returns the edit distance of <tt>expression1</tt> and <tt>expression2</tt>.</p>
				4205	</li>
				4206	<li>Arguments:
				4207	<ul>
				4208
				4209	<li><tt>expression1</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> or a homogeneous <tt>array</tt> of a comparable item type.</li>
				4210	<li><tt>expression2</tt> : The same type as <tt>expression1</tt>.</li>
				4211	</ul>
				4212	</li>
				4213	<li>Return Value:
				4214	<ul>
				4215
				4216	<li>an <tt>bigint</tt> that represents the edit distance between <tt>expression1</tt> and <tt>expression2</tt>,</li>
				4217	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4218	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4219	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error.</li>
				4220	</ul>
				4221	</li>
				4222	<li>Note: an <a href="similarity.html#UsingIndexesToSupportSimilarityQueries">n_gram index</a> can be utilized for this function.</li>
				4223	<li>Example:
				4224
				4225	<div>
				4226	<div>
				4227	<pre class="source">edit_distance("SuzannaTillson", "Suzanna Tilson");
				4228	</pre></div></div>
				4229	</li>
				4230	<li>
				4231
				4232	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				4233
				4234	<div>
				4235	<div>
				4236	<pre class="source">2
				4237	</pre></div></div>
				4238	</li>
				4239	</ul></div>
				4240	<div class="section">
				4241	<h3><a name="edit_distance_check"></a>edit_distance_check</h3>
				4242	<ul>
				4243
				4244	<li>
				4245
				4246	<p>Syntax:</p>
				4247
				4248	<div>
				4249	<div>
				4250	<pre class="source">edit_distance_check(expression1, expression2, threshold)
				4251	</pre></div></div>
				4252	</li>
				4253	<li>
				4254
				4255	<p>Checks whether the edit distance of <tt>expression1</tt> and <tt>expression2</tt> is within a given threshold.</p>
				4256	</li>
				4257	<li>
				4258
				4259	<p>Arguments:</p>
				4260	<ul>
				4261
				4262	<li><tt>expression1</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> or a homogeneous <tt>array</tt> of a comparable item type.</li>
				4263	<li><tt>expression2</tt> : The same type as <tt>expression1</tt>.</li>
				4264	<li><tt>threshold</tt> : a <tt>bigint</tt> that represents the distance threshold.</li>
				4265	</ul>
				4266	</li>
				4267	<li>Return Value:
				4268	<ul>
				4269
				4270	<li>an <tt>array</tt> with two items:
				4271	<ul>
				4272
				4273	<li>The first item contains a <tt>boolean</tt> value representing whether the edit distance of <tt>expression1</tt> and <tt>expression2</tt> is within the given threshold.</li>
				4274	<li>The second item contains an <tt>integer</tt> that represents the edit distance of <tt>expression1</tt> and <tt>expression2</tt> if the first item is true.</li>
				4275	<li>If the first item is false, then the second item is set to 2147483647.</li>
				4276	</ul>
				4277	</li>
				4278	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4279	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4280	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				4281	<ul>
				4282
				4283	<li>the first or second argument is any other non-string value,</li>
				4284	<li>or, the third argument is any other non-bigint value.</li>
				4285	</ul>
				4286	</li>
				4287	</ul>
				4288	</li>
				4289	<li>Note: an <a href="similarity.html#UsingIndexesToSupportSimilarityQueries">n_gram index</a> can be utilized for this function.</li>
				4290	<li>Example:
				4291
				4292	<div>
				4293	<div>
				4294	<pre class="source">edit_distance_check("happy","hapr",2);
				4295	</pre></div></div>
				4296	</li>
				4297	<li>
				4298
				4299	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				4300
				4301	<div>
				4302	<div>
				4303	<pre class="source">[ true, 2 ]
				4304	</pre></div></div>
				4305	</li>
				4306	</ul></div>
				4307	<div class="section">
				4308	<h3><a name="edit_distance_contains"></a>edit_distance_contains</h3>
				4309	<ul>
				4310
				4311	<li>
				4312
				4313	<p>Syntax:</p>
				4314
				4315	<div>
				4316	<div>
				4317	<pre class="source">edit_distance_contains(expression1, expression2, threshold)
				4318	</pre></div></div>
				4319	</li>
				4320	<li>
				4321
				4322	<p>Checks whether <tt>expression1</tt> contains <tt>expression2</tt> with an <a class="externalLink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenshtein_distance">edit distance</a> within a given threshold.</p>
				4323	</li>
				4324	<li>
				4325
				4326	<p>Arguments:</p>
				4327	<ul>
				4328
				4329	<li><tt>expression1</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> or a homogeneous <tt>array</tt> of a comparable item type.</li>
				4330	<li><tt>expression2</tt> : The same type as <tt>expression1</tt>.</li>
				4331	<li><tt>threshold</tt> : a <tt>bigint</tt> that represents the distance threshold.</li>
				4332	</ul>
				4333	</li>
				4334	<li>Return Value:
				4335	<ul>
				4336
				4337	<li>an <tt>array</tt> with two items:
				4338	<ul>
				4339
				4340	<li>The first item contains a <tt>boolean</tt> value representing whether <tt>expression1</tt> can contain <tt>expression2</tt>.</li>
				4341	<li>The second item contains an <tt>integer</tt> that represents the required edit distance for <tt>expression1</tt> to contain <tt>expression2</tt> if the first item is true.</li>
				4342	</ul>
				4343	</li>
				4344	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4345	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4346	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				4347	<ul>
				4348
				4349	<li>the first or second argument is any other non-string value,</li>
				4350	<li>or, the third argument is any other non-bigint value.</li>
				4351	</ul>
				4352	</li>
				4353	</ul>
				4354	</li>
				4355	<li>Note: an <a href="similarity.html#UsingIndexesToSupportSimilarityQueries">n_gram index</a> can be utilized for this function.</li>
				4356	<li>Example:
				4357
				4358	<div>
				4359	<div>
				4360	<pre class="source">edit_distance_contains("happy","hapr",2);
				4361	</pre></div></div>
				4362	</li>
				4363	<li>
				4364
				4365	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				4366
				4367	<div>
				4368	<div>
				4369	<pre class="source">[ true, 1 ]
				4370	</pre></div></div>
				4371	</li>
				4372	</ul></div>
				4373	<div class="section">
				4374	<h3><a name="similarity_jaccard"></a>similarity_jaccard</h3>
				4375	<ul>
				4376
				4377	<li>
				4378
				4379	<p>Syntax:</p>
				4380
				4381	<div>
				4382	<div>
				4383	<pre class="source">similarity_jaccard(array1, array2)
				4384	</pre></div></div>
				4385	</li>
				4386	<li>
				4387
				4388	<p>Returns the <a class="externalLink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaccard_index">Jaccard similarity</a> of <tt>array1</tt> and <tt>array2</tt>.</p>
				4389	</li>
				4390	<li>Arguments:
				4391	<ul>
				4392
				4393	<li><tt>array1</tt> : an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt>.</li>
				4394	<li><tt>array2</tt> : an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt>.</li>
				4395	</ul>
				4396	</li>
				4397	<li>Return Value:
				4398	<ul>
				4399
				4400	<li>a <tt>float</tt> that represents the Jaccard similarity of <tt>array1</tt> and <tt>array2</tt>,</li>
				4401	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4402	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4403	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any element in any input array is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				4404	<li><tt>null</tt> if any element in any input array is <tt>null</tt> but no element in the input array is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				4405	<li>any other non-array input value or non-integer element in any input array will cause a type error.</li>
				4406	</ul>
				4407	</li>
				4408	<li>
				4409
				4410	<p>Note: a <a href="similarity.html#UsingIndexesToSupportSimilarityQueries">keyword index</a> can be utilized for this function.</p>
				4411	</li>
				4412	<li>Example:
				4413
				4414	<div>
				4415	<div>
				4416	<pre class="source">similarity_jaccard([1,5,8,9], [1,5,9,10]);
				4417	</pre></div></div>
				4418	</li>
				4419	<li>
				4420
				4421	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				4422
				4423	<div>
				4424	<div>
				4425	<pre class="source">0.6
				4426	</pre></div></div>
				4427	</li>
				4428	</ul></div>
				4429	<div class="section">
				4430	<h3><a name="similarity_jaccard_check"></a>similarity_jaccard_check</h3>
				4431	<ul>
				4432
				4433	<li>
				4434
				4435	<p>Syntax:</p>
				4436
				4437	<div>
				4438	<div>
				4439	<pre class="source">similarity_jaccard_check(array1, array2, threshold)
				4440	</pre></div></div>
				4441	</li>
				4442	<li>
				4443
				4444	<p>Checks whether <tt>array1</tt> and <tt>array2</tt> have a <a class="externalLink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaccard_index">Jaccard similarity</a> greater than or equal to threshold. Again, the “check” version of Jaccard is faster than the “non_check” version.</p>
				4445	</li>
				4446	<li>
				4447
				4448	<p>Arguments:</p>
				4449	<ul>
				4450
				4451	<li><tt>array1</tt> : an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt>.</li>
				4452	<li><tt>array2</tt> : an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt>.</li>
				4453	<li><tt>threshold</tt> : a <tt>double</tt> that represents the similarity threshold.</li>
				4454	</ul>
				4455	</li>
				4456	<li>Return Value:
				4457	<ul>
				4458
				4459	<li>an <tt>array</tt> with two items:
				4460	<ul>
				4461
				4462	<li>The first item contains a <tt>boolean</tt> value representing whether <tt>array1</tt> and <tt>array2</tt> are similar.</li>
				4463	<li>The second item contains a <tt>float</tt> that represents the Jaccard similarity of <tt>array1</tt> and <tt>array2</tt> if it is greater than or equal to the threshold, or 0 otherwise.</li>
				4464	</ul>
				4465	</li>
				4466	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4467	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4468	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any element in any input array is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				4469	<li><tt>null</tt> if any element in any input array is <tt>null</tt> but no element in the input array is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				4470	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				4471	<ul>
				4472
				4473	<li>the first or second argument is any other non-array value,
				4474	<ul>
				4475
				4476	<li>or, the third argument is any other non-double value.</li>
				4477	</ul>
				4478	</li>
				4479	</ul>
				4480	</li>
				4481	</ul>
				4482	</li>
				4483	<li>
				4484
				4485	<p>Note: a <a href="similarity.html#UsingIndexesToSupportSimilarityQueries">keyword index</a> can be utilized for this function.</p>
				4486	</li>
				4487	<li>Example:
				4488
				4489	<div>
				4490	<div>
				4491	<pre class="source">similarity_jaccard_check([1,5,8,9], [1,5,9,10], 0.6);
				4492	</pre></div></div>
				4493	</li>
				4494	<li>
				4495
				4496	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				4497
				4498	<div>
				4499	<div>
				4500	<pre class="source">[ false, 0.0 ]
				4501	</pre></div></div>
				4502	</li>
				4503	</ul><!--
				4504	! Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
				4505	! or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
				4506	! distributed with this work for additional information
				4507	! regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
				4508	! to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
				4509	! "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
				4510	! with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
				4511	!
				4512	! http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
				4513	!
				4514	! Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
				4515	! software distributed under the License is distributed on an
				4516	! "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
				4517	! KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
				4518	! specific language governing permissions and limitations
				4519	! under the License.
				4520	!-->
				4521	</div></div>
				4522	<div class="section">
				4523	<h2><a name="Tokenizing_Functions"></a><a name="TokenizingFunctions" id="TokenizingFunctions">Tokenizing Functions</a></h2>
				4524	<div class="section">
				4525	<h3><a name="word_tokens"></a>word_tokens</h3>
				4526	<ul>
				4527
				4528	<li>
				4529
				4530	<p>Syntax:</p>
				4531
				4532	<div>
				4533	<div>
				4534	<pre class="source">word_tokens(string)
				4535	</pre></div></div>
				4536	</li>
				4537	<li>
				4538
				4539	<p>Returns an array of word tokens of <tt>string</tt> using non_alphanumeric characters as delimiters.</p>
				4540	</li>
				4541	<li>Arguments:
				4542	<ul>
				4543
				4544	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> that will be tokenized.</li>
				4545	</ul>
				4546	</li>
				4547	<li>Return Value:
				4548	<ul>
				4549
				4550	<li>an <tt>array</tt> of <tt>string</tt> word tokens,</li>
				4551	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4552	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				4553	<li>any other non-string input value will cause a type error.</li>
				4554	</ul>
				4555	</li>
				4556	<li>
				4557
				4558	<p>Example:</p>
				4559
				4560	<div>
				4561	<div>
				4562	<pre class="source">word_tokens("I like the phone, awesome!");
				4563	</pre></div></div>
				4564	</li>
				4565	<li>
				4566
				4567	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				4568
				4569	<div>
				4570	<div>
				4571	<pre class="source">[ "i", "like", "the", "phone", "awesome" ]
				4572	</pre></div></div>
				4573	</li>
				4574	</ul><!--
				4575	! Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
				4576	! or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
				4577	! distributed with this work for additional information
				4578	! regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
				4579	! to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
				4580	! "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
				4581	! with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
				4582	!
				4583	! http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
				4584	!
				4585	! Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
				4586	! software distributed under the License is distributed on an
				4587	! "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
				4588	! KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
				4589	! specific language governing permissions and limitations
				4590	! under the License.
				4591	!-->
				4592	</div></div>
				4593	<div class="section">
				4594	<h2><a name="Temporal_Functions"></a><a name="TemporalFunctions" id="TemporalFunctions">Temporal Functions</a></h2>
				4595	<div class="section">
				4596	<h3><a name="get_year.2Fget_month.2Fget_day.2Fget_hour.2Fget_minute.2Fget_second.2Fget_millisecond"></a>get_year/get_month/get_day/get_hour/get_minute/get_second/get_millisecond</h3>
				4597	<ul>
				4598
				4599	<li>
				4600
				4601	<p>Syntax:</p>
				4602
				4603	<div>
				4604	<div>
				4605	<pre class="source">get_year/get_month/get_day/get_hour/get_minute/get_second/get_millisecond(temporal_value)
				4606	</pre></div></div>
				4607	</li>
				4608	<li>
				4609
				4610	<p>Accessors for accessing fields in a temporal value</p>
				4611	</li>
				4612	<li>Arguments:
				4613	<ul>
				4614
				4615	<li><tt>temporal_value</tt> : a temporal value represented as one of the following types: <tt>date</tt>, <tt>datetime</tt>, <tt>time</tt>, and <tt>duration</tt>.</li>
				4616	</ul>
				4617	</li>
				4618	<li>Return Value:
				4619	<ul>
				4620
				4621	<li>an <tt>bigint</tt> value representing the field to be extracted,</li>
				4622	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4623	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4624	<li>any other non-interval input value will cause a type error.</li>
				4625	</ul>
				4626	</li>
				4627	<li>
				4628
				4629	<p>Example:</p>
				4630
				4631	<div>
				4632	<div>
				4633	<pre class="source">{
				4634	"year": get_year(date("2010-10-30")),
				4635	"month": get_month(datetime("1987-11-19T23:49:23.938")),
				4636	"day": get_day(date("2010-10-30")),
				4637	"hour": get_hour(time("12:23:34.930+07:00")),
				4638	"min": get_minute(duration("P3Y73M632DT49H743M3948.94S")),
				4639	"second": get_second(datetime("1987-11-19T23:49:23.938")),
				4640	"ms": get_millisecond(duration("P3Y73M632DT49H743M3948.94S"))
				4641	};
				4642	</pre></div></div>
				4643	</li>
				4644	<li>
				4645
				4646	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				4647
				4648	<div>
				4649	<div>
				4650	<pre class="source">{ "year": 2010, "month": 11, "day": 30, "hour": 5, "min": 28, "second": 23, "ms": 94 }
				4651	</pre></div></div>
				4652	</li>
				4653	</ul></div>
				4654	<div class="section">
				4655	<h3><a name="adjust_datetime_for_timezone"></a>adjust_datetime_for_timezone</h3>
				4656	<ul>
				4657
				4658	<li>
				4659
				4660	<p>Syntax:</p>
				4661
				4662	<div>
				4663	<div>
				4664	<pre class="source">adjust_datetime_for_timezone(datetime, string)
				4665	</pre></div></div>
				4666	</li>
				4667	<li>
				4668
				4669	<p>Adjusts the given datetime <tt>datetime</tt> by applying the timezone information <tt>string</tt>.</p>
				4670	</li>
				4671	<li>Arguments:
				4672	<ul>
				4673
				4674	<li><tt>datetime</tt> : a <tt>datetime</tt> value to be adjusted.</li>
				4675	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> representing the timezone information.</li>
				4676	</ul>
				4677	</li>
				4678	<li>Return Value:
				4679	<ul>
				4680
				4681	<li>a <tt>string</tt> value representing the new datetime after being adjusted by the timezone information,</li>
				4682	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4683	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4684	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				4685	<ul>
				4686
				4687	<li>the first argument is any other non-datetime value,</li>
				4688	<li>or, the second argument is any other non-string value.</li>
				4689	</ul>
				4690	</li>
				4691	</ul>
				4692	</li>
				4693	<li>
				4694
				4695	<p>Example:</p>
				4696
				4697	<div>
				4698	<div>
				4699	<pre class="source">adjust_datetime_for_timezone(datetime("2008-04-26T10:10:00"), "+08:00");
				4700	</pre></div></div>
				4701	</li>
				4702	<li>
				4703
				4704	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				4705
				4706	<div>
				4707	<div>
				4708	<pre class="source">"2008-04-26T18:10:00.000+08:00"
				4709	</pre></div></div>
				4710	</li>
				4711	</ul></div>
				4712	<div class="section">
				4713	<h3><a name="adjust_time_for_timezone"></a>adjust_time_for_timezone</h3>
				4714	<ul>
				4715
				4716	<li>
				4717
				4718	<p>Syntax:</p>
				4719
				4720	<div>
				4721	<div>
				4722	<pre class="source">adjust_time_for_timezone(time, string)
				4723	</pre></div></div>
				4724	</li>
				4725	<li>
				4726
				4727	<p>Adjusts the given time <tt>time</tt> by applying the timezone information <tt>string</tt>.</p>
				4728	</li>
				4729	<li>Arguments:
				4730	<ul>
				4731
				4732	<li><tt>time</tt> : a <tt>time</tt> value to be adjusted.</li>
				4733	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> representing the timezone information.</li>
				4734	</ul>
				4735	</li>
				4736	<li>Return Value:
				4737	<ul>
				4738
				4739	<li>a <tt>string</tt> value representing the new time after being adjusted by the timezone information,</li>
				4740	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4741	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4742	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				4743	<ul>
				4744
				4745	<li>the first argument is any other non-time value,</li>
				4746	<li>or, the second argument is any other non-string value.</li>
				4747	</ul>
				4748	</li>
				4749	</ul>
				4750	</li>
				4751	<li>
				4752
				4753	<p>Example:</p>
				4754
				4755	<div>
				4756	<div>
				4757	<pre class="source">adjust_time_for_timezone(get_time_from_datetime(datetime("2008-04-26T10:10:00")), "+08:00");
				4758	</pre></div></div>
				4759	</li>
				4760	<li>
				4761
				4762	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				4763
				4764	<div>
				4765	<div>
				4766	<pre class="source">"18:10:00.000+08:00"
				4767	</pre></div></div>
				4768	</li>
				4769	</ul></div>
				4770	<div class="section">
				4771	<h3><a name="calendar_duration_from_datetime"></a>calendar_duration_from_datetime</h3>
				4772	<ul>
				4773
				4774	<li>
				4775
				4776	<p>Syntax:</p>
				4777
				4778	<div>
				4779	<div>
				4780	<pre class="source">calendar_duration_from_datetime(datetime, duration_value)
				4781	</pre></div></div>
				4782	</li>
				4783	<li>
				4784
				4785	<p>Gets a user_friendly representation of the duration <tt>duration_value</tt> based on the given datetime <tt>datetime</tt>.</p>
				4786	</li>
				4787	<li>Arguments:
				4788	<ul>
				4789
				4790	<li><tt>datetime</tt> : a <tt>datetime</tt> value to be used as the reference time point.</li>
				4791	<li><tt>duration_value</tt> : a <tt>duration</tt> value to be converted.</li>
				4792	</ul>
				4793	</li>
				4794	<li>Return Value:
				4795	<ul>
				4796
				4797	<li>a <tt>duration</tt> value with the duration as <tt>duration_value</tt> but with a user_friendly representation,</li>
				4798	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4799	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4800	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				4801	<ul>
				4802
				4803	<li>the first argument is any other non-datetime value,</li>
				4804	<li>or, the second argument is any other non-duration input value.</li>
				4805	</ul>
				4806	</li>
				4807	</ul>
				4808	</li>
				4809	<li>
				4810
				4811	<p>Example:</p>
				4812
				4813	<div>
				4814	<div>
				4815	<pre class="source">calendar_duration_from_datetime(
				4816	datetime("2016-03-26T10:10:00"),
				4817	datetime("2016-03-26T10:10:00") - datetime("2011-01-01T00:00:00")
				4818	);
				4819	</pre></div></div>
				4820	</li>
				4821	<li>
				4822
				4823	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				4824
				4825	<div>
				4826	<div>
				4827	<pre class="source">duration("P5Y2M24DT10H10M")
				4828	</pre></div></div>
				4829	</li>
				4830	</ul></div>
				4831	<div class="section">
				4832	<h3><a name="get_year_month_duration.2Fget_day_time_duration"></a>get_year_month_duration/get_day_time_duration</h3>
				4833	<ul>
				4834
				4835	<li>
				4836
				4837	<p>Syntax:</p>
				4838
				4839	<div>
				4840	<div>
				4841	<pre class="source">get_year_month_duration/get_day_time_duration(duration_value)
				4842	</pre></div></div>
				4843	</li>
				4844	<li>
				4845
				4846	<p>Extracts the correct <tt>duration</tt> subtype from <tt>duration_value</tt>.</p>
				4847	</li>
				4848	<li>Arguments:
				4849	<ul>
				4850
				4851	<li><tt>duration_value</tt> : a <tt>duration</tt> value to be converted.</li>
				4852	</ul>
				4853	</li>
				4854	<li>Return Value:
				4855	<ul>
				4856
				4857	<li>a <tt>year_month_duration</tt> value or a <tt>day_time_duration</tt> value,</li>
				4858	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4859	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				4860	<li>any other non-duration input value will cause a type error.</li>
				4861	</ul>
				4862	</li>
				4863	<li>
				4864
				4865	<p>Example:</p>
				4866
				4867	<div>
				4868	<div>
				4869	<pre class="source">get_year_month_duration(duration("P12M50DT10H"));
				4870	</pre></div></div>
				4871	</li>
				4872	<li>
				4873
				4874	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				4875
				4876	<div>
				4877	<div>
				4878	<pre class="source">year_month_duration("P1Y")
				4879	</pre></div></div>
				4880	</li>
				4881	</ul></div>
				4882	<div class="section">
				4883	<h3><a name="months_from_year_month_duration.2Fms_from_day_time_duration"></a>months_from_year_month_duration/ms_from_day_time_duration</h3>
				4884	<ul>
				4885
				4886	<li>
				4887
				4888	<p>Syntax:</p>
				4889
				4890	<div>
				4891	<div>
				4892	<pre class="source">months_from_year_month_duration/ms_from_day_time_duration(duration_value)
				4893	</pre></div></div>
				4894	</li>
				4895	<li>
				4896
				4897	<p>Extracts the number of months or the number of milliseconds from the <tt>duration</tt> subtype.</p>
				4898	</li>
				4899	<li>Arguments:
				4900	<ul>
				4901
				4902	<li><tt>duration_value</tt> : a <tt>duration</tt> of the correct subtype.</li>
				4903	</ul>
				4904	</li>
				4905	<li>Return Value:
				4906	<ul>
				4907
				4908	<li>a <tt>bigint</tt> representing the number of months/milliseconds,</li>
				4909	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4910	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				4911	<li>any other non-duration input value will cause a type error.</li>
				4912	</ul>
				4913	</li>
				4914	<li>
				4915
				4916	<p>Example:</p>
				4917
				4918	<div>
				4919	<div>
				4920	<pre class="source">{
				4921	"months": months_from_year_month_duration(get_year_month_duration(duration("P5Y7MT50M"))),
				4922	"milliseconds": ms_from_day_time_duration(get_day_time_duration(duration("P5Y7MT50M")))
				4923	};
				4924	</pre></div></div>
				4925	</li>
				4926	<li>
				4927
				4928	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				4929
				4930	<div>
				4931	<div>
				4932	<pre class="source">{"months": 67, "milliseconds": 3000000}
				4933	</pre></div></div>
				4934	</li>
				4935	</ul></div>
				4936	<div class="section">
				4937	<h3><a name="duration_from_months.2Fduration_from_ms"></a>duration_from_months/duration_from_ms</h3>
				4938	<ul>
				4939
				4940	<li>
				4941
				4942	<p>Syntax:</p>
				4943
				4944	<div>
				4945	<div>
				4946	<pre class="source">duration_from_months/duration_from_ms(number_value)
				4947	</pre></div></div>
				4948	</li>
				4949	<li>
				4950
				4951	<p>Creates a <tt>duration</tt> from <tt>number_value</tt>.</p>
				4952	</li>
				4953	<li>Arguments:
				4954	<ul>
				4955
				4956	<li><tt>number_value</tt> : a <tt>bigint</tt> representing the number of months/milliseconds</li>
				4957	</ul>
				4958	</li>
				4959	<li>Return Value:
				4960	<ul>
				4961
				4962	<li>a <tt>duration</tt> containing <tt>number_value</tt> value for months/milliseconds,</li>
				4963	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				4964	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				4965	<li>any other non-duration input value will cause a type error.</li>
				4966	</ul>
				4967	</li>
				4968	<li>
				4969
				4970	<p>Example:</p>
				4971
				4972	<div>
				4973	<div>
				4974	<pre class="source">duration_from_months(8);
				4975	</pre></div></div>
				4976	</li>
				4977	<li>
				4978
				4979	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				4980
				4981	<div>
				4982	<div>
				4983	<pre class="source">duration("P8M")
				4984	</pre></div></div>
				4985	</li>
				4986	</ul></div>
				4987	<div class="section">
				4988	<h3><a name="duration_from_interval"></a>duration_from_interval</h3>
				4989	<ul>
				4990
				4991	<li>
				4992
				4993	<p>Syntax:</p>
				4994
				4995	<div>
				4996	<div>
				4997	<pre class="source">duration_from_interval(interval_value)
				4998	</pre></div></div>
				4999	</li>
				5000	<li>
				5001
				5002	<p>Creates a <tt>duration</tt> from <tt>interval_value</tt>.</p>
				5003	</li>
				5004	<li>Arguments:
				5005	<ul>
				5006
				5007	<li><tt>interval_value</tt> : an <tt>interval</tt> value</li>
				5008	</ul>
				5009	</li>
				5010	<li>Return Value:
				5011	<ul>
				5012
				5013	<li>a <tt>duration</tt> representing the time in the <tt>interval_value</tt></li>
				5014	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5015	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				5016	<li>any other non-duration input value will cause a type error.</li>
				5017	</ul>
				5018	</li>
				5019	<li>
				5020
				5021	<p>Example:</p>
				5022
				5023	<div>
				5024	<div>
				5025	<pre class="source">{
				5026	"dr1" : duration_from_interval(interval(date("2010-10-30"), date("2010-12-21"))),
				5027	"dr2" : duration_from_interval(interval(datetime("2012-06-26T01:01:01.111"), datetime("2012-07-27T02:02:02.222"))),
				5028	"dr3" : duration_from_interval(interval(time("12:32:38"), time("20:29:20"))),
				5029	"dr4" : duration_from_interval(null)
				5030	};
				5031	</pre></div></div>
				5032	</li>
				5033	<li>
				5034
				5035	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				5036
				5037	<div>
				5038	<div>
				5039	<pre class="source">{
				5040	"dr1": day_time_duration("P52D"),
				5041	"dr2": day_time_duration("P31DT1H1M1.111S"),
				5042	"dr3": day_time_duration("PT7H56M42S"),
				5043	"dr4": null
				5044	}
				5045	</pre></div></div>
				5046	</li>
				5047	</ul></div>
				5048	<div class="section">
				5049	<h3><a name="current_date"></a>current_date</h3>
				5050	<ul>
				5051
				5052	<li>
				5053
				5054	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5055
				5056	<div>
				5057	<div>
				5058	<pre class="source">current_date()
				5059	</pre></div></div>
				5060	</li>
				5061	<li>
				5062
				5063	<p>Gets the current date.</p>
				5064	</li>
				5065	<li>Arguments: None</li>
				5066	<li>Return Value:
				5067	<ul>
				5068
				5069	<li>a <tt>date</tt> value of the date when the function is called.</li>
				5070	</ul>
				5071	</li>
				5072	</ul></div>
				5073	<div class="section">
				5074	<h3><a name="current_time"></a>current_time</h3>
				5075	<ul>
				5076
				5077	<li>
				5078
				5079	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5080
				5081	<div>
				5082	<div>
				5083	<pre class="source">current_time()
				5084	</pre></div></div>
				5085	</li>
				5086	<li>
				5087
				5088	<p>Get the current time</p>
				5089	</li>
				5090	<li>Arguments: None</li>
				5091	<li>Return Value:
				5092	<ul>
				5093
				5094	<li>a <tt>time</tt> value of the time when the function is called.</li>
				5095	</ul>
				5096	</li>
				5097	</ul></div>
				5098	<div class="section">
				5099	<h3><a name="current_datetime"></a>current_datetime</h3>
				5100	<ul>
				5101
				5102	<li>
				5103
				5104	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5105
				5106	<div>
				5107	<div>
				5108	<pre class="source">current_datetime()
				5109	</pre></div></div>
				5110	</li>
				5111	<li>
				5112
				5113	<p>Get the current datetime</p>
				5114	</li>
				5115	<li>Arguments: None</li>
				5116	<li>Return Value:
				5117	<ul>
				5118
				5119	<li>a <tt>datetime</tt> value of the datetime when the function is called.</li>
				5120	</ul>
				5121	</li>
				5122	</ul></div>
				5123	<div class="section">
				5124	<h3><a name="get_date_from_datetime"></a>get_date_from_datetime</h3>
				5125	<ul>
				5126
				5127	<li>
				5128
				5129	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5130
				5131	<div>
				5132	<div>
				5133	<pre class="source">get_date_from_datetime(datetime)
				5134	</pre></div></div>
				5135	</li>
				5136	<li>
				5137
				5138	<p>Gets the date value from the given datetime value <tt>datetime</tt>.</p>
				5139	</li>
				5140	<li>Arguments:
				5141	<ul>
				5142
				5143	<li><tt>datetime</tt>: a <tt>datetime</tt> value to be extracted from.</li>
				5144	</ul>
				5145	</li>
				5146	<li>Return Value:
				5147	<ul>
				5148
				5149	<li>a <tt>date</tt> value from the datetime,</li>
				5150	<li>any other non-datetime input value will cause a type error.</li>
				5151	</ul>
				5152	</li>
				5153	</ul></div>
				5154	<div class="section">
				5155	<h3><a name="get_time_from_datetime"></a>get_time_from_datetime</h3>
				5156	<ul>
				5157
				5158	<li>
				5159
				5160	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5161
				5162	<div>
				5163	<div>
				5164	<pre class="source">get_time_from_datetime(datetime)
				5165	</pre></div></div>
				5166	</li>
				5167	<li>
				5168
				5169	<p>Get the time value from the given datetime value <tt>datetime</tt></p>
				5170	</li>
				5171	<li>Arguments:
				5172	<ul>
				5173
				5174	<li><tt>datetime</tt>: a <tt>datetime</tt> value to be extracted from.</li>
				5175	</ul>
				5176	</li>
				5177	<li>Return Value:
				5178	<ul>
				5179
				5180	<li>a <tt>time</tt> value from the datetime.</li>
				5181	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5182	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				5183	<li>any other non-datetime input value will cause a type error.</li>
				5184	</ul>
				5185	</li>
				5186	<li>
				5187
				5188	<p>Example:</p>
				5189
				5190	<div>
				5191	<div>
				5192	<pre class="source">get_time_from_datetime(datetime("2016-03-26T10:10:00"));
				5193	</pre></div></div>
				5194	</li>
				5195	<li>
				5196
				5197	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				5198
				5199	<div>
				5200	<div>
				5201	<pre class="source">time("10:10:00.000Z")
				5202	</pre></div></div>
				5203	</li>
				5204	</ul></div>
				5205	<div class="section">
				5206	<h3><a name="day_of_week"></a>day_of_week</h3>
				5207	<ul>
				5208
				5209	<li>
				5210
				5211	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5212
				5213	<div>
				5214	<div>
				5215	<pre class="source">day_of_week(date)
				5216	</pre></div></div>
				5217	</li>
				5218	<li>
				5219
				5220	<p>Finds the day of the week for a given date (1_7)</p>
				5221	</li>
				5222	<li>Arguments:
				5223	<ul>
				5224
				5225	<li><tt>date</tt>: a <tt>date</tt> value (Can also be a <tt>datetime</tt>)</li>
				5226	</ul>
				5227	</li>
				5228	<li>Return Value:
				5229	<ul>
				5230
				5231	<li>an <tt>tinyint</tt> representing the day of the week (1_7),</li>
				5232	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5233	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				5234	<li>any other non-date input value will cause a type error.</li>
				5235	</ul>
				5236	</li>
				5237	<li>
				5238
				5239	<p>Example:</p>
				5240
				5241	<div>
				5242	<div>
				5243	<pre class="source">day_of_week(datetime("2012-12-30T12:12:12.039Z"));
				5244	</pre></div></div>
				5245	</li>
				5246	<li>
				5247
				5248	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				5249
				5250	<div>
				5251	<div>
				5252	<pre class="source">7
				5253	</pre></div></div>
				5254	</li>
				5255	</ul></div>
				5256	<div class="section">
				5257	<h3><a name="date_from_unix_time_in_days"></a>date_from_unix_time_in_days</h3>
				5258	<ul>
				5259
				5260	<li>
				5261
				5262	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5263
				5264	<div>
				5265	<div>
				5266	<pre class="source">date_from_unix_time_in_days(numeric_value)
				5267	</pre></div></div>
				5268	</li>
				5269	<li>
				5270
				5271	<p>Gets a date representing the time after <tt>numeric_value</tt> days since 1970_01_01.</p>
				5272	</li>
				5273	<li>Arguments:
				5274	<ul>
				5275
				5276	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt> value representing the number of days.</li>
				5277	</ul>
				5278	</li>
				5279	<li>Return Value:
				5280	<ul>
				5281
				5282	<li>a <tt>date</tt> value as the time after <tt>numeric_value</tt> days since 1970-01-01,</li>
				5283	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5284	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				5285	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				5286	</ul>
				5287	</li>
				5288	</ul></div>
				5289	<div class="section">
				5290	<h3><a name="datetime_from_unix_time_in_ms"></a>datetime_from_unix_time_in_ms</h3>
				5291	<ul>
				5292
				5293	<li>
				5294
				5295	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5296
				5297	<div>
				5298	<div>
				5299	<pre class="source">datetime_from_unix_time_in_ms(numeric_value)
				5300	</pre></div></div>
				5301	</li>
				5302	<li>
				5303
				5304	<p>Gets a datetime representing the time after <tt>numeric_value</tt> milliseconds since 1970_01_01T00:00:00Z.</p>
				5305	</li>
				5306	<li>Arguments:
				5307	<ul>
				5308
				5309	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt> value representing the number of milliseconds.</li>
				5310	</ul>
				5311	</li>
				5312	<li>Return Value:
				5313	<ul>
				5314
				5315	<li>a <tt>datetime</tt> value as the time after <tt>numeric_value</tt> milliseconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z,</li>
				5316	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5317	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				5318	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				5319	</ul>
				5320	</li>
				5321	</ul></div>
				5322	<div class="section">
				5323	<h3><a name="datetime_from_unix_time_in_secs"></a>datetime_from_unix_time_in_secs</h3>
				5324	<ul>
				5325
				5326	<li>
				5327
				5328	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5329
				5330	<div>
				5331	<div>
				5332	<pre class="source">datetime_from_unix_time_in_secs(numeric_value)
				5333	</pre></div></div>
				5334	</li>
				5335	<li>
				5336
				5337	<p>Gets a datetime representing the time after <tt>numeric_value</tt> seconds since 1970_01_01T00:00:00Z.</p>
				5338	</li>
				5339	<li>Arguments:
				5340	<ul>
				5341
				5342	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt> value representing the number of seconds.</li>
				5343	</ul>
				5344	</li>
				5345	<li>Return Value:
				5346	<ul>
				5347
				5348	<li>a <tt>datetime</tt> value as the time after <tt>numeric_value</tt> seconds since 1970_01_01T00:00:00Z,</li>
				5349	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5350	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				5351	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				5352	</ul>
				5353	</li>
				5354	</ul></div>
				5355	<div class="section">
				5356	<h3><a name="datetime_from_date_time"></a>datetime_from_date_time</h3>
				5357	<ul>
				5358
				5359	<li>Syntax:</li>
				5360	</ul>
				5361	<p>datetime_from_date_time(date,time)</p>
				5362	<ul>
				5363
				5364	<li>Gets a datetime representing the combination of <tt>date</tt> and <tt>time</tt>
				5365	<ul>
				5366
				5367	<li>Arguments:</li>
				5368	<li><tt>date</tt>: a <tt>date</tt> value</li>
				5369	<li><tt>time</tt> a <tt>time</tt> value</li>
				5370	</ul>
				5371	</li>
				5372	<li>Return Value:
				5373	<ul>
				5374
				5375	<li>a <tt>datetime</tt> value by combining <tt>date</tt> and <tt>time</tt>,</li>
				5376	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5377	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5378	<li>a type error will be raised if
				5379	<ul>
				5380
				5381	<li>the first argument is any other non-date value,</li>
				5382	<li>or, the second argument is any other non-time value.</li>
				5383	</ul>
				5384	</li>
				5385	</ul>
				5386	</li>
				5387	</ul></div>
				5388	<div class="section">
				5389	<h3><a name="time_from_unix_time_in_ms"></a>time_from_unix_time_in_ms</h3>
				5390	<ul>
				5391
				5392	<li>
				5393
				5394	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5395
				5396	<div>
				5397	<div>
				5398	<pre class="source">time_from_unix_time_in_ms(numeric_value)
				5399	</pre></div></div>
				5400	</li>
				5401	<li>
				5402
				5403	<p>Gets a time representing the time after <tt>numeric_value</tt> milliseconds since 00:00:00.000Z.</p>
				5404	</li>
				5405	<li>Arguments:
				5406	<ul>
				5407
				5408	<li><tt>numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt> value representing the number of milliseconds.</li>
				5409	</ul>
				5410	</li>
				5411	<li>Return Value:
				5412	<ul>
				5413
				5414	<li>a <tt>time</tt> value as the time after <tt>numeric_value</tt> milliseconds since 00:00:00.000Z,</li>
				5415	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5416	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				5417	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				5418	</ul>
				5419	</li>
				5420	<li>
				5421
				5422	<p>Example:</p>
				5423
				5424	<div>
				5425	<div>
				5426	<pre class="source">{
				5427	"date": date_from_unix_time_in_days(15800),
				5428	"datetime": datetime_from_unix_time_in_ms(1365139700000),
				5429	"time": time_from_unix_time_in_ms(3748)
				5430	};
				5431	</pre></div></div>
				5432	</li>
				5433	<li>
				5434
				5435	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				5436
				5437	<div>
				5438	<div>
				5439	<pre class="source">{ "date": date("2013-04-05"), "datetime": datetime("2013-04-05T05:28:20.000Z"), "time": time("00:00:03.748Z") }
				5440	</pre></div></div>
				5441	</li>
				5442	</ul></div>
				5443	<div class="section">
				5444	<h3><a name="unix_time_from_date_in_days"></a>unix_time_from_date_in_days</h3>
				5445	<ul>
				5446
				5447	<li>
				5448
				5449	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5450
				5451	<div>
				5452	<div>
				5453	<pre class="source">unix_time_from_date_in_days(date_value)
				5454	</pre></div></div>
				5455	</li>
				5456	<li>
				5457
				5458	<p>Gets an integer value representing the number of days since 1970_01_01 for <tt>date_value</tt>.</p>
				5459	</li>
				5460	<li>Arguments:
				5461	<ul>
				5462
				5463	<li><tt>date_value</tt>: a <tt>date</tt> value.</li>
				5464	</ul>
				5465	</li>
				5466	<li>Return Value:
				5467	<ul>
				5468
				5469	<li>a <tt>bigint</tt> value representing the number of days,</li>
				5470	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5471	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				5472	<li>any other non-date input value will cause a type error.</li>
				5473	</ul>
				5474	</li>
				5475	</ul></div>
				5476	<div class="section">
				5477	<h3><a name="unix_time_from_datetime_in_ms"></a>unix_time_from_datetime_in_ms</h3>
				5478	<ul>
				5479
				5480	<li>
				5481
				5482	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5483
				5484	<div>
				5485	<div>
				5486	<pre class="source">unix_time_from_datetime_in_ms(datetime_value)
				5487	</pre></div></div>
				5488	</li>
				5489	<li>
				5490
				5491	<p>Gets an integer value representing the time in milliseconds since 1970_01_01T00:00:00Z for <tt>datetime_value</tt>.</p>
				5492	</li>
				5493	<li>Arguments:
				5494	<ul>
				5495
				5496	<li><tt>datetime_value</tt> : a <tt>datetime</tt> value.</li>
				5497	</ul>
				5498	</li>
				5499	<li>Return Value:
				5500	<ul>
				5501
				5502	<li>a <tt>bigint</tt> value representing the number of milliseconds,</li>
				5503	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5504	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				5505	<li>any other non-datetime input value will cause a type error.</li>
				5506	</ul>
				5507	</li>
				5508	</ul></div>
				5509	<div class="section">
				5510	<h3><a name="unix_time_from_datetime_in_secs"></a>unix_time_from_datetime_in_secs</h3>
				5511	<ul>
				5512
				5513	<li>
				5514
				5515	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5516
				5517	<div>
				5518	<div>
				5519	<pre class="source">unix_time_from_datetime_in_secs(datetime_value)
				5520	</pre></div></div>
				5521	</li>
				5522	<li>
				5523
				5524	<p>Gets an integer value representing the time in seconds since 1970_01_01T00:00:00Z for <tt>datetime_value</tt>.</p>
				5525	</li>
				5526	<li>Arguments:
				5527	<ul>
				5528
				5529	<li><tt>datetime_value</tt> : a <tt>datetime</tt> value.</li>
				5530	</ul>
				5531	</li>
				5532	<li>Return Value:
				5533	<ul>
				5534
				5535	<li>a <tt>bigint</tt> value representing the number of seconds,</li>
				5536	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5537	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				5538	<li>any other non-datetime input value will cause a type error.</li>
				5539	</ul>
				5540	</li>
				5541	</ul></div>
				5542	<div class="section">
				5543	<h3><a name="unix_time_from_time_in_ms"></a>unix_time_from_time_in_ms</h3>
				5544	<ul>
				5545
				5546	<li>
				5547
				5548	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5549
				5550	<div>
				5551	<div>
				5552	<pre class="source">unix_time_from_time_in_ms(time_value)
				5553	</pre></div></div>
				5554	</li>
				5555	<li>
				5556
				5557	<p>Gets an integer value representing the time the milliseconds since 00:00:00.000Z for <tt>time_value</tt>.</p>
				5558	</li>
				5559	<li>Arguments:
				5560	<ul>
				5561
				5562	<li><tt>time_value</tt> : a <tt>time</tt> value.</li>
				5563	</ul>
				5564	</li>
				5565	<li>Return Value:
				5566	<ul>
				5567
				5568	<li>a <tt>bigint</tt> value representing the number of milliseconds,</li>
				5569	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5570	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				5571	<li>any other non-datetime input value will cause a type error.</li>
				5572	</ul>
				5573	</li>
				5574	<li>
				5575
				5576	<p>Example:</p>
				5577
				5578	<div>
				5579	<div>
				5580	<pre class="source">{
				5581	"date": date_from_unix_time_in_days(15800),
				5582	"datetime": datetime_from_unix_time_in_ms(1365139700000),
				5583	"time": time_from_unix_time_in_ms(3748)
				5584	}
				5585	</pre></div></div>
				5586	</li>
				5587	<li>
				5588
				5589	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				5590
				5591	<div>
				5592	<div>
				5593	<pre class="source">{ "date": date("2013-04-05"), "datetime": datetime("2013-04-05T05:28:20.000Z"), "time": time("00:00:03.748Z") }
				5594	</pre></div></div>
				5595	</li>
				5596	</ul></div>
				5597	<div class="section">
				5598	<h3><a name="parse_date.2Fparse_time.2Fparse_datetime"></a>parse_date/parse_time/parse_datetime</h3>
				5599	<ul>
				5600
				5601	<li>Syntax:</li>
				5602	</ul>
				5603	<p>parse_date/parse_time/parse_datetime(date,formatting_expression)</p>
				5604	<ul>
				5605
				5606	<li>Creates a <tt>date/time/date_time</tt> value by treating <tt>date</tt> with formatting <tt>formatting_expression</tt></li>
				5607	<li>Arguments:
				5608	<ul>
				5609
				5610	<li><tt>date</tt>: a <tt>string</tt> value representing the <tt>date/time/datetime</tt>.</li>
				5611	<li><tt>formatting_expression</tt> a <tt>string</tt> value providing the formatting for <tt>date_expression</tt>.Characters used to create date expression:</li>
				5612	<li><tt>h</tt> hours</li>
				5613	<li><tt>m</tt> minutes</li>
				5614	<li><tt>s</tt> seconds</li>
				5615	<li><tt>n</tt> milliseconds</li>
				5616	<li><tt>a</tt> am/pm</li>
				5617	<li><tt>z</tt> timezone</li>
				5618	<li><tt>Y</tt> year</li>
				5619	<li><tt>M</tt> month</li>
				5620	<li><tt>D</tt> day</li>
				5621	<li><tt>W</tt> weekday</li>
				5622	<li><tt>_</tt>, <tt>'</tt>, <tt>/</tt>, <tt>.</tt>, <tt>,</tt>, <tt>T</tt> seperators for both time and date</li>
				5623	</ul>
				5624	</li>
				5625	<li>Return Value:
				5626	<ul>
				5627
				5628	<li>a <tt>date/time/date_time</tt> value corresponding to <tt>date</tt>,</li>
				5629	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5630	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5631	<li>a type error will be raised if:</li>
				5632	<li>the first argument is any other non-date value,</li>
				5633	<li>the second argument is any other non-string value.</li>
				5634	</ul>
				5635	</li>
				5636	<li>
				5637
				5638	<p>Example:</p>
				5639
				5640	<div>
				5641	<div>
				5642	<pre class="source">parse_time("30:30","m:s");
				5643	</pre></div></div>
				5644	</li>
				5645	<li>
				5646
				5647	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				5648
				5649	<div>
				5650	<div>
				5651	<pre class="source">time("00:30:30.000Z")
				5652	</pre></div></div>
				5653	</li>
				5654	</ul></div>
				5655	<div class="section">
				5656	<h3><a name="print_date.2Fprint_time.2Fprint_datetime"></a>print_date/print_time/print_datetime</h3>
				5657	<ul>
				5658
				5659	<li>
				5660
				5661	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5662
				5663	<div>
				5664	<div>
				5665	<pre class="source">print_date/print_time/print_datetime(date,formatting_expression)
				5666	</pre></div></div>
				5667	</li>
				5668	<li>
				5669
				5670	<p>Creates a <tt>string</tt> representing a <tt>date/time/date_time</tt> value of the <tt>date</tt> using the formatting <tt>formatting_expression</tt></p>
				5671	</li>
				5672	<li>Arguments:
				5673	<ul>
				5674
				5675	<li><tt>date</tt>: a <tt>date/time/datetime</tt> value.</li>
				5676	<li><tt>formatting_expression</tt> a <tt>string</tt> value providing the formatting for <tt>date_expression</tt>. Characters used to create date expression:</li>
				5677	<li><tt>h</tt> hours</li>
				5678	<li><tt>m</tt> minutes</li>
				5679	<li><tt>s</tt> seconds</li>
				5680	<li><tt>n</tt> milliseconds</li>
				5681	<li><tt>a</tt> am/pm</li>
				5682	<li><tt>z</tt> timezone</li>
				5683	<li><tt>Y</tt> year</li>
				5684	<li><tt>M</tt> month</li>
				5685	<li><tt>D</tt> day</li>
				5686	<li><tt>W</tt> weekday</li>
				5687	<li><tt>_</tt>, <tt>'</tt>, <tt>/</tt>, <tt>.</tt>, <tt>,</tt>, <tt>T</tt> seperators for both time and date</li>
				5688	</ul>
				5689	</li>
				5690	<li>Return Value:
				5691	<ul>
				5692
				5693	<li>a <tt>string</tt> value corresponding to <tt>date</tt>,</li>
				5694	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5695	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5696	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				5697	<ul>
				5698
				5699	<li>the first argument is any other non-date value,</li>
				5700	<li>the second argument is any other non-string value.</li>
				5701	</ul>
				5702	</li>
				5703	</ul>
				5704	</li>
				5705	<li>
				5706
				5707	<p>Example:</p>
				5708
				5709	<div>
				5710	<div>
				5711	<pre class="source">print_time(time("00:30:30.000Z"),"m:s");
				5712	</pre></div></div>
				5713	</li>
				5714	<li>
				5715
				5716	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				5717
				5718	<div>
				5719	<div>
				5720	<pre class="source">"30:30"
				5721	</pre></div></div>
				5722	</li>
				5723	</ul></div>
				5724	<div class="section">
				5725	<h3><a name="get_interval_start.2C_get_interval_end"></a>get_interval_start, get_interval_end</h3>
				5726	<ul>
				5727
				5728	<li>
				5729
				5730	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5731
				5732	<div>
				5733	<div>
				5734	<pre class="source">get_interval_start/get_interval_end(interval)
				5735	</pre></div></div>
				5736	</li>
				5737	<li>
				5738
				5739	<p>Gets the start/end of the given interval.</p>
				5740	</li>
				5741	<li>Arguments:
				5742	<ul>
				5743
				5744	<li><tt>interval</tt>: the interval to be accessed.</li>
				5745	</ul>
				5746	</li>
				5747	<li>Return Value:
				5748	<ul>
				5749
				5750	<li>a <tt>time</tt>, <tt>date</tt>, or <tt>datetime</tt> (depending on the time instances of the interval) representing the starting or ending time,</li>
				5751	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5752	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				5753	<li>any other non-interval value will cause a type error.</li>
				5754	</ul>
				5755	</li>
				5756	<li>
				5757
				5758	<p>Example:</p>
				5759
				5760	<div>
				5761	<div>
				5762	<pre class="source">{
				5763	"start": get_interval_start(interval_start_from_date("1984-01-01", "P1Y")),
				5764	"end": get_interval_end(interval_start_from_date("1984-01-01", "P1Y"))
				5765	};
				5766	</pre></div></div>
				5767	</li>
				5768	<li>
				5769
				5770	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				5771
				5772	<div>
				5773	<div>
				5774	<pre class="source">{ "start": date("1984_01_01"), "end": date("1985_01_01") }
				5775	</pre></div></div>
				5776	</li>
				5777	</ul></div>
				5778	<div class="section">
				5779	<h3><a name="get_interval_start_date.2Fget_interval_start_datetimeget_interval_start_time.2C_get_interval_end_date.2Fget_interval_end_datetime.2Fget_interval_end_time"></a>get_interval_start_date/get_interval_start_datetimeget_interval_start_time, get_interval_end_date/get_interval_end_datetime/get_interval_end_time</h3>
				5780	<ul>
				5781
				5782	<li>
				5783
				5784	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5785
				5786	<div>
				5787	<div>
				5788	<pre class="source">get_interval_start_date/get_interval_start_datetime/get_interval_start_time/get_interval_end_date/get_interval_end_datetime/get_interval_end_time(interval)
				5789	</pre></div></div>
				5790	</li>
				5791	<li>
				5792
				5793	<p>Gets the start/end of the given interval for the specific date/datetime/time type.</p>
				5794	</li>
				5795	<li>Arguments:
				5796	<ul>
				5797
				5798	<li><tt>interval</tt>: the interval to be accessed.</li>
				5799	</ul>
				5800	</li>
				5801	<li>Return Value:
				5802	<ul>
				5803
				5804	<li>a <tt>time</tt>, <tt>date</tt>, or <tt>datetime</tt> (depending on the function) representing the starting or ending time,</li>
				5805	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5806	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				5807	<li>any other non-interval value will cause a type error.</li>
				5808	</ul>
				5809	</li>
				5810	<li>
				5811
				5812	<p>Example:</p>
				5813
				5814	<div>
				5815	<div>
				5816	<pre class="source">{
				5817	"start1": get_interval_start_date(interval_start_from_date("1984-01-01", "P1Y")),
				5818	"end1": get_interval_end_date(interval_start_from_date("1984-01-01", "P1Y")),
				5819	"start2": get_interval_start_datetime(interval_start_from_datetime("1984-01-01T08:30:00.000", "P1Y1H")),
				5820	"end2": get_interval_end_datetime(interval_start_from_datetime("1984-01-01T08:30:00.000", "P1Y1H")),
				5821	"start3": get_interval_start_time(interval_start_from_time("08:30:00.000", "P1H")),
				5822	"end3": get_interval_end_time(interval_start_from_time("08:30:00.000", "P1H"))
				5823	};
				5824	</pre></div></div>
				5825	</li>
				5826	<li>
				5827
				5828	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				5829
				5830	<div>
				5831	<div>
				5832	<pre class="source">{
				5833	"start1": date("1984-01-01"),
				5834	"end1": date("1985-01-01"),
				5835	"start2": datetime("1984-01-01T08:30:00.000Z"),
				5836	"end2": datetime("1985-01-01T09:30:00.000Z"),
				5837	"start3": time("08:30:00.000Z"),
				5838	"end3": time("09:30:00.000Z")
				5839	}
				5840	</pre></div></div>
				5841	</li>
				5842	</ul></div>
				5843	<div class="section">
				5844	<h3><a name="get_overlapping_interval"></a>get_overlapping_interval</h3>
				5845	<ul>
				5846
				5847	<li>
				5848
				5849	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5850
				5851	<div>
				5852	<div>
				5853	<pre class="source">get_overlapping_interval(interval1, interval2)
				5854	</pre></div></div>
				5855	</li>
				5856	<li>
				5857
				5858	<p>Gets the start/end of the given interval for the specific date/datetime/time type.</p>
				5859	</li>
				5860	<li>Arguments:
				5861	<ul>
				5862
				5863	<li><tt>interval1</tt>: an <tt>interval</tt> value</li>
				5864	<li><tt>interval2</tt>: an <tt>interval</tt> value</li>
				5865	</ul>
				5866	</li>
				5867	<li>Return Value:
				5868	<ul>
				5869
				5870	<li>an <tt>interval</tt> that is overlapping <tt>interval1</tt> and <tt>interval2</tt>. If <tt>interval1</tt> and <tt>interval2</tt> do not overlap <tt>null</tt> is returned. Note each interval must be of the same type.</li>
				5871	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5872	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5873	<li>any other non-interval input value will cause a type error.</li>
				5874	</ul>
				5875	</li>
				5876	<li>
				5877
				5878	<p>Example:</p>
				5879
				5880	<div>
				5881	<div>
				5882	<pre class="source">{ "overlap1": get_overlapping_interval(interval(time("11:23:39"), time("18:27:19")), interval(time("12:23:39"), time("23:18:00"))),
				5883	"overlap2": get_overlapping_interval(interval(time("12:23:39"), time("18:27:19")), interval(time("07:19:39"), time("09:18:00"))),
				5884	"overlap3": get_overlapping_interval(interval(date("1980-11-30"), date("1999-09-09")), interval(date("2013-01-01"), date("2014-01-01"))),
				5885	"overlap4": get_overlapping_interval(interval(date("1980-11-30"), date("2099-09-09")), interval(date("2013-01-01"), date("2014-01-01"))),
				5886	"overlap5": get_overlapping_interval(interval(datetime("1844-03-03T11:19:39"), datetime("2000-10-30T18:27:19")), interval(datetime("1989-03-04T12:23:39"), datetime("2009-10-10T23:18:00"))),
				5887	"overlap6": get_overlapping_interval(interval(datetime("1989-03-04T12:23:39"), datetime("2000-10-30T18:27:19")), interval(datetime("1844-03-03T11:19:39"), datetime("1888-10-10T23:18:00")))
				5888	};
				5889	</pre></div></div>
				5890	</li>
				5891	<li>
				5892
				5893	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				5894
				5895	<div>
				5896	<div>
				5897	<pre class="source">{ "overlap1": interval(time("12:23:39.000Z"), time("18:27:19.000Z")),
				5898	"overlap2": null,
				5899	"overlap3": null,
				5900	"overlap4": interval(date("2013-01-01"), date("2014_01_01")),
				5901	"overlap5": interval(datetime("1989-03-04T12:23:39.000Z"), datetime("2000-10-30T18:27:19.000Z")),
				5902	"overlap6": null
				5903	}
				5904	</pre></div></div>
				5905	</li>
				5906	</ul></div>
				5907	<div class="section">
				5908	<h3><a name="interval_bin"></a>interval_bin</h3>
				5909	<ul>
				5910
				5911	<li>
				5912
				5913	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5914
				5915	<div>
				5916	<div>
				5917	<pre class="source">interval_bin(time_to_bin, time_bin_anchor, duration_bin_size)
				5918	</pre></div></div>
				5919	</li>
				5920	<li>
				5921
				5922	<p>Returns the <tt>interval</tt> value representing the bin containing the <tt>time_to_bin</tt> value.</p>
				5923	</li>
				5924	<li>Arguments:
				5925	<ul>
				5926
				5927	<li><tt>time_to_bin</tt>: a date/time/datetime value representing the time to be binned.</li>
				5928	<li><tt>time_bin_anchor</tt>: a date/time/datetime value representing an anchor of a bin starts. The type of this argument should be the same as the first <tt>time_to_bin</tt> argument.</li>
				5929	<li><tt>duration_bin_size</tt>: the duration value representing the size of the bin, in the type of year_month_duration or day_time_duration. The type of this duration should be compatible with the type of <tt>time_to_bin</tt>, so that the arithmetic operation between <tt>time_to_bin</tt> and <tt>duration_bin_size</tt> is well_defined. Currently AsterixDB supports the following arithmetic operations:
				5930	<ul>
				5931
				5932	<li>datetime +\|_ year_month_duration</li>
				5933	<li>datetime +\|_ day_time_duration</li>
				5934	<li>date +\|_ year_month_duration</li>
				5935	<li>date +\|_ day_time_duration</li>
				5936	<li>time +\|_ day_time_duration</li>
				5937	</ul>
				5938	</li>
				5939	</ul>
				5940	</li>
				5941	<li>Return Value:
				5942	<ul>
				5943
				5944	<li>a <tt>interval</tt> value representing the bin containing the <tt>time_to_bin</tt> value. Note that the internal type of this interval value should be the same as the <tt>time_to_bin</tt> type,</li>
				5945	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5946	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				5947	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				5948	<ul>
				5949
				5950	<li>the first argument or the second argument is any other non-date/non-time/non-datetime value,</li>
				5951	<li>or, the second argument is any other non-year_month_duration/non-day_time_duration value.</li>
				5952	</ul>
				5953	</li>
				5954	</ul>
				5955	</li>
				5956	<li>
				5957
				5958	<p>Example:</p>
				5959
				5960	<div>
				5961	<div>
				5962	<pre class="source">{
				5963	"bin1": interval_bin(date("2010-10-30"), date("1990-01-01"), year_month_duration("P1Y")),
				5964	"bin2": interval_bin(datetime("1987-11-19T23:49:23.938"), datetime("1990-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"), year_month_duration("P6M")),
				5965	"bin3": interval_bin(time("12:23:34.930+07:00"), time("00:00:00"), day_time_duration("PT1M")),
				5966	"bin4": interval_bin(datetime("1987-11-19T23:49:23.938"), datetime("2013-01-01T00:00:00.000"), day_time_duration("PT24H"))
				5967	};
				5968	</pre></div></div>
				5969	</li>
				5970	<li>
				5971
				5972	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				5973
				5974	<div>
				5975	<div>
				5976	<pre class="source">{
				5977	"bin1": interval(date("2010-01-01"),date("2011-01-01")),
				5978	"bin2": interval(datetime("1987-07-01T00:00:00.000Z"), datetime("1988-01-01T00:00:00.000Z")),
				5979	"bin3": interval(time("05:23:00.000Z"), time("05:24:00.000Z")),
				5980	"bin4": interval(datetime("1987-11-19T00:00:00.000Z"), datetime("1987-11-20T00:00:00.000Z"))
				5981	}
				5982	</pre></div></div>
				5983	</li>
				5984	</ul></div>
				5985	<div class="section">
				5986	<h3><a name="interval_start_from_date.2Ftime.2Fdatetime"></a>interval_start_from_date/time/datetime</h3>
				5987	<ul>
				5988
				5989	<li>
				5990
				5991	<p>Syntax:</p>
				5992
				5993	<div>
				5994	<div>
				5995	<pre class="source">interval_start_from_date/time/datetime(date/time/datetime, duration)
				5996	</pre></div></div>
				5997	</li>
				5998	<li>
				5999
				6000	<p>Construct an <tt>interval</tt> value by the given starting <tt>date</tt>/<tt>time</tt>/<tt>datetime</tt> and the <tt>duration</tt> that the interval lasts.</p>
				6001	</li>
				6002	<li>Arguments:
				6003	<ul>
				6004
				6005	<li><tt>date/time/datetime</tt>: a <tt>string</tt> representing a <tt>date</tt>, <tt>time</tt> or <tt>datetime</tt>, or a <tt>date</tt>/<tt>time</tt>/<tt>datetime</tt> value, representing the starting time point.</li>
				6006	<li><tt>duration</tt>: a <tt>string</tt> or <tt>duration</tt> value representing the duration of the interval. Note that duration cannot be negative value.</li>
				6007	</ul>
				6008	</li>
				6009	<li>Return Value:
				6010	<ul>
				6011
				6012	<li>an <tt>interval</tt> value representing the interval starting from the given time point with the length of duration,</li>
				6013	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6014	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6015	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				6016	<ul>
				6017
				6018	<li>the first argument or the second argument is any other non-date/non-time/non-datetime value,</li>
				6019	<li>or, the second argument is any other non-duration value.</li>
				6020	</ul>
				6021	</li>
				6022	</ul>
				6023	</li>
				6024	<li>
				6025
				6026	<p>Example:</p>
				6027
				6028	<div>
				6029	<div>
				6030	<pre class="source">{
				6031	"interval1": interval_start_from_date("1984-01-01", "P1Y"),
				6032	"interval2": interval_start_from_time(time("02:23:28.394"), "PT3H24M"),
				6033	"interval3": interval_start_from_datetime("1999-09-09T09:09:09.999", duration("P2M30D"))
				6034	};
				6035	</pre></div></div>
				6036	</li>
				6037	<li>
				6038
				6039	<p>The expectecd result is:</p>
				6040
				6041	<div>
				6042	<div>
				6043	<pre class="source">{
				6044	"interval1": interval(date("1984-01-01"), date("1985-01-01")),
				6045	"interval2": interval(time("02:23:28.394Z"), time("05:47:28.394Z")),
				6046	"interval3": interval(datetime("1999-09-09T09:09:09.999Z"), datetime("1999-12-09T09:09:09.999Z"))
				6047	}
				6048	</pre></div></div>
				6049	</li>
				6050	</ul></div>
				6051	<div class="section">
				6052	<h3><a name="overlap_bins"></a>overlap_bins</h3>
				6053	<ul>
				6054
				6055	<li>
				6056
				6057	<p>Return Value:</p>
				6058	<ul>
				6059
				6060	<li>a <tt>interval</tt> value representing the bin containing the <tt>time_to_bin</tt> value. Note that the internal type of this interval value should be the same as the <tt>time_to_bin</tt> type.</li>
				6061	</ul>
				6062	</li>
				6063	<li>
				6064
				6065	<p>Syntax:</p>
				6066
				6067	<div>
				6068	<div>
				6069	<pre class="source">overlap_bins(interval, time_bin_anchor, duration_bin_size)
				6070	</pre></div></div>
				6071	</li>
				6072	<li>
				6073
				6074	<p>Returns an ordered list of <tt>interval</tt> values representing each bin that is overlapping the <tt>interval</tt>.</p>
				6075	</li>
				6076	<li>Arguments:
				6077	<ul>
				6078
				6079	<li><tt>interval</tt>: an <tt>interval</tt> value</li>
				6080	<li><tt>time_bin_anchor</tt>: a date/time/datetime value representing an anchor of a bin starts. The type of this argument should be the same as the first <tt>time_to_bin</tt> argument.</li>
				6081	<li><tt>duration_bin_size</tt>: the duration value representing the size of the bin, in the type of year_month_duration or day_time_duration. The type of this duration should be compatible with the type of <tt>time_to_bin</tt>, so that the arithmetic operation between <tt>time_to_bin</tt> and <tt>duration_bin_size</tt> is well_defined. Currently AsterixDB supports the following arithmetic operations:
				6082	<ul>
				6083
				6084	<li>datetime +\|_ year_month_duration</li>
				6085	<li>datetime +\|_ day_time_duration</li>
				6086	<li>date +\|_ year_month_duration</li>
				6087	<li>date +\|_ day_time_duration</li>
				6088	<li>time +\|_ day_time_duration</li>
				6089	</ul>
				6090	</li>
				6091	</ul>
				6092	</li>
				6093	<li>Return Value:
				6094	<ul>
				6095
				6096	<li>a ordered list of <tt>interval</tt> values representing each bin that is overlapping the <tt>interval</tt>. Note that the internal type as <tt>time_to_bin</tt> and <tt>duration_bin_size</tt>.</li>
				6097	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6098	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6099	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				6100	<ul>
				6101
				6102	<li>the first arugment is any other non-interval value,</li>
				6103	<li>or, the second argument is any other non-date/non-time/non-datetime value,</li>
				6104	<li>or, the second argument is any other non-year_month_duration/non-day_time_duration value.</li>
				6105	</ul>
				6106	</li>
				6107	</ul>
				6108	</li>
				6109	<li>
				6110
				6111	<p>Example:</p>
				6112
				6113	<div>
				6114	<div>
				6115	<pre class="source">{
				6116	"timebins": overlap_bins(interval(time("17:23:37"), time("18:30:21")), time("00:00:00"), day_time_duration("PT30M")),
				6117	"datebins": overlap_bins(interval(date("1984-03-17"), date("2013-08-22")), date("1990-01-01"), year_month_duration("P10Y")),
				6118	"datetimebins": overlap_bins(interval(datetime("1800-01-01T23:59:48.938"), datetime("2015-07-26T13:28:30.218")),
				6119	datetime("1900-01-01T00:00:00.000"), year_month_duration("P100Y"))
				6120	};
				6121	</pre></div></div>
				6122	</li>
				6123	<li>
				6124
				6125	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				6126
				6127	<div>
				6128	<div>
				6129	<pre class="source">{
				6130	"timebins": [
				6131	interval(time("17:00:00.000Z"), time("17:30:00.000Z")),
				6132	interval(time("17:30:00.000Z"), time("18:00:00.000Z")),
				6133	interval(time("18:00:00.000Z"), time("18:30:00.000Z")),
				6134	interval(time("18:30:00.000Z"), time("19:00:00.000Z"))
				6135	],
				6136	"datebins": [
				6137	interval(date("1980-01-01"), date("1990-01-01")),
				6138	interval(date("1990-01-01"), date("2000-01-01")),
				6139	interval(date("2000-01-01"), date("2010-01-01")),
				6140	interval(date("2010-01-01"), date("2020-01-01"))
				6141	],
				6142	"datetimebins": [
				6143	interval(datetime("1800-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"), datetime("1900-01-01T00:00:00.000Z")),
				6144	interval(datetime("1900-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"), datetime("2000-01-01T00:00:00.000Z")),
				6145	interval(datetime("2000-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"), datetime("2100-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"))
				6146	]
				6147	};
				6148	</pre></div></div>
				6149	</li>
				6150	</ul><!--
				6151	! Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
				6152	! or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
				6153	! distributed with this work for additional information
				6154	! regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
				6155	! to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
				6156	! "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
				6157	! with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
				6158	!
				6159	! http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
				6160	!
				6161	! Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
				6162	! software distributed under the License is distributed on an
				6163	! "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
				6164	! KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
				6165	! specific language governing permissions and limitations
				6166	! under the License.
				6167	!-->
				6168	</div>
				6169	<div class="section">
				6170	<h3><a name="interval_before.2C_interval_after"></a>interval_before, interval_after</h3>
				6171	<ul>
				6172
				6173	<li>
				6174
				6175	<p>Syntax:</p>
				6176
				6177	<div>
				6178	<div>
				6179	<pre class="source">interval_before(interval1, interval2)
				6180	interval_after(interval1, interval2)
				6181	</pre></div></div>
				6182	</li>
				6183	<li>
				6184
				6185	<p>These two functions check whether an interval happens before/after another interval.</p>
				6186	</li>
				6187	<li>Arguments:
				6188	<ul>
				6189
				6190	<li><tt>interval1</tt>, <tt>interval2</tt>: two intervals to be compared</li>
				6191	</ul>
				6192	</li>
				6193	<li>Return Value:
				6194	<ul>
				6195
				6196	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> value. Specifically, <tt>interval_before(interval1, interval2)</tt> is true if and only if <tt>interval1.end < interval2.start</tt>, and <tt>interval_after(interval1, interval2)</tt> is true if and only if <tt>interval1.start > interval2.end</tt>.</li>
				6197	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6198	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6199	<li>any other non-interval input value will cause a type error.</li>
				6200	</ul>
				6201	</li>
				6202	<li>
				6203
				6204	<p>Examples:</p>
				6205
				6206	<div>
				6207	<div>
				6208	<pre class="source">{
				6209	"interval_before": interval_before(interval(date("2000-01-01"), date("2005-01-01")),
				6210	interval(date("2005-05-01"), date("2012-09-09"))),
				6211	"interval_after": interval_after(interval(date("2005-05-01"), date("2012-09-09")),
				6212	interval(date("2000-01-01"), date("2005-01-01")))
				6213	};
				6214	</pre></div></div>
				6215	</li>
				6216	<li>
				6217
				6218	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				6219
				6220	<div>
				6221	<div>
				6222	<pre class="source">{ "interval_before": true, "interval_after": true }
				6223	</pre></div></div>
				6224	</li>
				6225	</ul></div>
				6226	<div class="section">
				6227	<h3><a name="interval_covers.2C_interval_covered_by"></a>interval_covers, interval_covered_by</h3>
				6228	<ul>
				6229
				6230	<li>
				6231
				6232	<p>Syntax:</p>
				6233
				6234	<div>
				6235	<div>
				6236	<pre class="source">interval_covers(interval1, interval2)
				6237	interval_covered_by(interval1, interval2)
				6238	</pre></div></div>
				6239	</li>
				6240	<li>
				6241
				6242	<p>These two functions check whether one interval covers the other interval.</p>
				6243	</li>
				6244	<li>Arguments:
				6245	<ul>
				6246
				6247	<li><tt>interval1</tt>, <tt>interval2</tt>: two intervals to be compared</li>
				6248	</ul>
				6249	</li>
				6250	<li>Return Value:
				6251	<ul>
				6252
				6253	<li>
				6254
				6255	<p>a <tt>boolean</tt> value. Specifically, <tt>interval_covers(interval1, interval2)</tt> is true if and only if</p>
				6256	<p>interval1.start <= interval2.start AND interval1.end >= interval2.end</p>
				6257	<p><tt>interval_covered_by(interval1, interval2)</tt> is true if and only if</p>
				6258	<p>interval2.start <= interval1.start AND interval2.end >= interval1.end</p>
				6259	</li>
				6260	<li>
				6261
				6262	<p><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</p>
				6263	</li>
				6264	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6265	<li>any other non-interval input value will cause a type error.</li>
				6266	</ul>
				6267	</li>
				6268	<li>
				6269
				6270	<p>Examples:</p>
				6271
				6272	<div>
				6273	<div>
				6274	<pre class="source">{
				6275	"interval_covers": interval_covers(interval(date("2000-01-01"), date("2005-01-01")),
				6276	interval(date("2000-03-01"), date("2004-09-09"))),
				6277	"interval_covered_by": interval_covered_by(interval(date("2006-08-01"), date("2007-03-01")),
				6278	interval(date("2004-09-10"), date("2012-08-01")))
				6279	};
				6280	</pre></div></div>
				6281	</li>
				6282	<li>
				6283
				6284	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				6285
				6286	<div>
				6287	<div>
				6288	<pre class="source">{ "interval_covers": true, "interval_covered_by": true }
				6289	</pre></div></div>
				6290	</li>
				6291	</ul></div>
				6292	<div class="section">
				6293	<h3><a name="interval_overlaps.2C_interval_overlapped_by"></a>interval_overlaps, interval_overlapped_by</h3>
				6294	<ul>
				6295
				6296	<li>
				6297
				6298	<p>Syntax:</p>
				6299
				6300	<div>
				6301	<div>
				6302	<pre class="source">interval_overlaps(interval1, interval2)
				6303	interval_overlapped_by(interval1, interval2)
				6304	</pre></div></div>
				6305	</li>
				6306	<li>
				6307
				6308	<p>These functions check whether two intervals overlap with each other.</p>
				6309	</li>
				6310	<li>Arguments:
				6311	<ul>
				6312
				6313	<li><tt>interval1</tt>, <tt>interval2</tt>: two intervals to be compared</li>
				6314	</ul>
				6315	</li>
				6316	<li>Return Value:
				6317	<ul>
				6318
				6319	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> value. Specifically, <tt>interval_overlaps(interval1, interval2)</tt> is true if and only if
				6320	<p>interval1.start < interval2.start AND interval2.end > interval1.end AND interval1.end > interval2.start</p></li>
				6321	</ul>
				6322	<p><tt>interval_overlapped_by(interval1, interval2)</tt> is true if and only if</p>
				6323
				6324	<div>
				6325	<div>
				6326	<pre class="source">interval2.start < interval1.start
				6327	AND interval1.end > interval2.end
				6328	AND interval2.end > interval1.start
				6329	</pre></div></div>
				6330
				6331	<ul>
				6332
				6333	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6334	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6335	<li>any other non-interval input value will cause a type error.</li>
				6336	</ul>
				6337	<p>Note that <tt>interval_overlaps</tt> and <tt>interval_overlapped_by</tt> are following the Allen’s relations on the definition of overlap.</p>
				6338	</li>
				6339	<li>
				6340
				6341	<p>Examples:</p>
				6342
				6343	<div>
				6344	<div>
				6345	<pre class="source">{
				6346	"overlaps": interval_overlaps(interval(date("2000-01-01"), date("2005-01-01")),
				6347	interval(date("2004-05-01"), date("2012-09-09"))),
				6348	"overlapped_by": interval_overlapped_by(interval(date("2006-08-01"), date("2007-03-01")),
				6349	interval(date("2004-05-01"), date("2012-09-09"))))
				6350	};
				6351	</pre></div></div>
				6352	</li>
				6353	<li>
				6354
				6355	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				6356
				6357	<div>
				6358	<div>
				6359	<pre class="source">{ "overlaps": true, "overlapped_by": true }
				6360	</pre></div></div>
				6361	</li>
				6362	</ul></div>
				6363	<div class="section">
				6364	<h3><a name="interval_overlapping"></a>interval_overlapping</h3>
				6365	<p>Note that <tt>interval_overlapping</tt> is not an Allen’s Relation, but syntactic sugar we added for the case that the intersect of two intervals is not empty. Basically this function returns true if any of these functions return true: <tt>interval_overlaps</tt>, <tt>interval_overlapped_by</tt>, <tt>interval_covers</tt>, or <tt>interval_covered_by</tt>.</p>
				6366	<ul>
				6367
				6368	<li>
				6369
				6370	<p>Syntax:</p>
				6371
				6372	<div>
				6373	<div>
				6374	<pre class="source">interval_overlapping(interval1, interval2)
				6375	</pre></div></div>
				6376	</li>
				6377	<li>
				6378
				6379	<p>This functions check whether two intervals share any points with each other.</p>
				6380	</li>
				6381	<li>Arguments:
				6382	<ul>
				6383
				6384	<li><tt>interval1</tt>, <tt>interval2</tt>: two intervals to be compared</li>
				6385	</ul>
				6386	</li>
				6387	<li>Return Value:
				6388	<ul>
				6389
				6390	<li>
				6391
				6392	<p>a <tt>boolean</tt> value. Specifically, <tt>interval_overlapping(interval1, interval2)</tt> is true if</p>
				6393	<p>interval1.start < interval2.end AND interval1.end > interval2.start</p>
				6394	</li>
				6395	<li>
				6396
				6397	<p><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</p>
				6398	</li>
				6399	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6400	<li>any other non-interval input value will cause a type error.</li>
				6401	</ul>
				6402	</li>
				6403	<li>
				6404
				6405	<p>Examples:</p>
				6406
				6407	<div>
				6408	<div>
				6409	<pre class="source">{
				6410	"overlapping1": interval_overlapping(interval(date("2000-01-01"), date("2005-01-01")),
				6411	interval(date("2004-05-01"), date("2012-09-09"))),
				6412	"overlapping2": interval_overlapping(interval(date("2006-08-01"), date("2007-03-01")),
				6413	interval(date("2004-09-10"), date("2006-12-31")))
				6414	};
				6415	</pre></div></div>
				6416	</li>
				6417	<li>
				6418
				6419	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				6420
				6421	<div>
				6422	<div>
				6423	<pre class="source">{ "overlapping1": true, "overlapping2": true }
				6424	</pre></div></div>
				6425	</li>
				6426	</ul></div>
				6427	<div class="section">
				6428	<h3><a name="interval_meets.2C_interval_met_by"></a>interval_meets, interval_met_by</h3>
				6429	<ul>
				6430
				6431	<li>
				6432
				6433	<p>Syntax:</p>
				6434
				6435	<div>
				6436	<div>
				6437	<pre class="source">interval_meets(interval1, interval2)
				6438	interval_met_by(interval1, interval2)
				6439	</pre></div></div>
				6440	</li>
				6441	<li>
				6442
				6443	<p>These two functions check whether an interval meets with another interval.</p>
				6444	</li>
				6445	<li>Arguments:
				6446	<ul>
				6447
				6448	<li><tt>interval1</tt>, <tt>interval2</tt>: two intervals to be compared</li>
				6449	</ul>
				6450	</li>
				6451	<li>Return Value:
				6452	<ul>
				6453
				6454	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> value. Specifically, <tt>interval_meets(interval1, interval2)</tt> is true if and only if <tt>interval1.end = interval2.start</tt>, and <tt>interval_met_by(interval1, interval2)</tt> is true if and only if <tt>interval1.start = interval2.end</tt>. If any of the two inputs is <tt>null</tt>, <tt>null</tt> is returned.</li>
				6455	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6456	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6457	<li>any other non-interval input value will cause a type error.</li>
				6458	</ul>
				6459	</li>
				6460	<li>
				6461
				6462	<p>Examples:</p>
				6463
				6464	<div>
				6465	<div>
				6466	<pre class="source">{
				6467	"meets": interval_meets(interval(date("2000-01-01"), date("2005-01-01")),
				6468	interval(date("2005-01-01"), date("2012-09-09"))),
				6469	"metby": interval_met_by(interval(date("2006-08-01"), date("2007-03-01")),
				6470	interval(date("2004-09-10"), date("2006-08-01")))
				6471	};
				6472	</pre></div></div>
				6473	</li>
				6474	<li>
				6475
				6476	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				6477
				6478	<div>
				6479	<div>
				6480	<pre class="source">{ "meets": true, "metby": true }
				6481	</pre></div></div>
				6482	</li>
				6483	</ul></div>
				6484	<div class="section">
				6485	<h3><a name="interval_starts.2C_interval_started_by"></a>interval_starts, interval_started_by</h3>
				6486	<ul>
				6487
				6488	<li>
				6489
				6490	<p>Syntax:</p>
				6491
				6492	<div>
				6493	<div>
				6494	<pre class="source">interval_starts(interval1, interval2)
				6495	interval_started_by(interval1, interval2)
				6496	</pre></div></div>
				6497	</li>
				6498	<li>
				6499
				6500	<p>These two functions check whether one interval starts with the other interval.</p>
				6501	</li>
				6502	<li>Arguments:
				6503	<ul>
				6504
				6505	<li><tt>interval1</tt>, <tt>interval2</tt>: two intervals to be compared</li>
				6506	</ul>
				6507	</li>
				6508	<li>Return Value:
				6509	<ul>
				6510
				6511	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> value. Specifically, <tt>interval_starts(interval1, interval2)</tt> returns true if and only if
				6512	<p>interval1.start = interval2.start AND interval1.end <= interval2.end</p></li>
				6513	</ul>
				6514	<p><tt>interval_started_by(interval1, interval2)</tt> returns true if and only if</p>
				6515
				6516	<div>
				6517	<div>
				6518	<pre class="source">interval1.start = interval2.start
				6519	AND interval2.end <= interval1.end
				6520	</pre></div></div>
				6521
				6522	<ul>
				6523
				6524	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6525	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6526	<li>any other non-interval input value will cause a type error.</li>
				6527	</ul>
				6528	</li>
				6529	<li>
				6530
				6531	<p>Examples:</p>
				6532
				6533	<div>
				6534	<div>
				6535	<pre class="source">{
				6536	"interval_starts": interval_starts(interval(date("2000-01-01"), date("2005-01-01")),
				6537	interval(date("2000-01-01"), date("2012-09-09"))),
				6538	"interval_started_by": interval_started_by(interval(date("2006-08-01"), date("2007-03-01")),
				6539	interval(date("2006-08-01"), date("2006-08-02")))
				6540	};
				6541	</pre></div></div>
				6542	</li>
				6543	<li>
				6544
				6545	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				6546
				6547	<div>
				6548	<div>
				6549	<pre class="source">{ "interval_starts": true, "interval_started_by": true }
				6550	</pre></div></div>
				6551	</li>
				6552	</ul></div>
				6553	<div class="section">
				6554	<h3><a name="interval_ends.2C_interval_ended_by"></a>interval_ends, interval_ended_by</h3>
				6555	<ul>
				6556
				6557	<li>
				6558
				6559	<p>Syntax:</p>
				6560
				6561	<div>
				6562	<div>
				6563	<pre class="source">interval_ends(interval1, interval2)
				6564	interval_ended_by(interval1, interval2)
				6565	</pre></div></div>
				6566	</li>
				6567	<li>
				6568
				6569	<p>These two functions check whether one interval ends with the other interval.</p>
				6570	</li>
				6571	<li>Arguments:
				6572	<ul>
				6573
				6574	<li><tt>interval1</tt>, <tt>interval2</tt>: two intervals to be compared</li>
				6575	</ul>
				6576	</li>
				6577	<li>Return Value:
				6578	<ul>
				6579
				6580	<li>
				6581
				6582	<p>a <tt>boolean</tt> value. Specifically, <tt>interval_ends(interval1, interval2)</tt> returns true if and only if</p>
				6583	<p>interval1.end = interval2.end AND interval1.start >= interval2.start</p>
				6584	<p><tt>interval_ended_by(interval1, interval2)</tt> returns true if and only if</p>
				6585	<p>interval2.end = interval1.end AND interval2.start >= interval1.start</p>
				6586	</li>
				6587	<li>
				6588
				6589	<p><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</p>
				6590	</li>
				6591	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6592	<li>any other non-interval input value will cause a type error.</li>
				6593	</ul>
				6594	</li>
				6595	<li>
				6596
				6597	<p>Examples:</p>
				6598
				6599	<div>
				6600	<div>
				6601	<pre class="source">{
				6602	"interval_ends": interval_ends(interval(date("2000-01-01"), date("2005-01-01")),
				6603	interval(date("1998-01-01"), date("2005-01-01"))),
				6604	"interval_ended_by": interval_ended_by(interval(date("2006-08-01"), date("2007-03-01")),
				6605	interval(date("2006-09-10"), date("2007-03-01")))
				6606	};
				6607	</pre></div></div>
				6608	</li>
				6609	<li>
				6610
				6611	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				6612
				6613	<div>
				6614	<div>
				6615	<pre class="source">{ "interval_ends": true, "interval_ended_by": true }
				6616	</pre></div></div>
				6617	</li>
				6618	</ul><!--
				6619	! Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
				6620	! or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
				6621	! distributed with this work for additional information
				6622	! regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
				6623	! to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
				6624	! "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
				6625	! with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
				6626	!
				6627	! http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
				6628	!
				6629	! Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
				6630	! software distributed under the License is distributed on an
				6631	! "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
				6632	! KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
				6633	! specific language governing permissions and limitations
				6634	! under the License.
				6635	!-->
				6636	</div></div>
				6637	<div class="section">
				6638	<h2><a name="Object_Functions"></a><a name="ObjectFunctions" id="ObjectFunctions">Object Functions</a></h2>
				6639	<div class="section">
				6640	<h3><a name="get_object_fields"></a>get_object_fields</h3>
				6641	<ul>
				6642
				6643	<li>
				6644
				6645	<p>Syntax:</p>
				6646
				6647	<div>
				6648	<div>
				6649	<pre class="source">get_object_fields(input_object)
				6650	</pre></div></div>
				6651	</li>
				6652	<li>
				6653
				6654	<p>Access the object field names, type and open status for a given object.</p>
				6655	</li>
				6656	<li>Arguments:
				6657	<ul>
				6658
				6659	<li><tt>input_object</tt> : a object value.</li>
				6660	</ul>
				6661	</li>
				6662	<li>Return Value:
				6663	<ul>
				6664
				6665	<li>an array of <tt>object</tt> values that include the field_name <tt>string</tt>, field_type <tt>string</tt>, is_open <tt>boolean</tt> (used for debug purposes only: <tt>true</tt> if field is open and <tt>false</tt> otherwise), and optional nested <tt>orderedList</tt> for the values of a nested object,</li>
				6666	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6667	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				6668	<li>any other non-object input value will cause a type error.</li>
				6669	</ul>
				6670	</li>
				6671	<li>
				6672
				6673	<p>Example:</p>
				6674
				6675	<div>
				6676	<div>
				6677	<pre class="source">get_object_fields(
				6678	{
				6679	"id": 1,
				6680	"project": "AsterixDB",
				6681	"address": {"city": "Irvine", "state": "CA"},
				6682	"related": ["Hivestrix", "Preglix", "Apache VXQuery"]
				6683	}
				6684	);
				6685	</pre></div></div>
				6686	</li>
				6687	<li>
				6688
				6689	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				6690
				6691	<div>
				6692	<div>
				6693	<pre class="source">[
				6694	{ "field-name": "id", "field-type": "INT64", "is-open": false },
				6695	{ "field-name": "project", "field-type": "STRING", "is-open": false },
				6696	{ "field-name": "address", "field-type": "RECORD", "is-open": false,
				6697	"nested": [
				6698	{ "field-name": "city", "field-type": "STRING", "is-open": false },
				6699	{ "field-name": "state", "field-type": "STRING", "is-open": false }
				6700	]
				6701	},
				6702	{ "field-name":
				6703	"related",
				6704	"field-type": "ORDEREDLIST",
				6705	"is-open": false,
				6706	"list": [
				6707	{ "field-type": "STRING" },
				6708	{ "field-type": "STRING" },
				6709	{ "field-type": "STRING" }
				6710	]
				6711	}
				6712	]
				6713	</pre></div></div>
				6714	</li>
				6715	</ul>
				6716	<p>]</p></div>
				6717	<div class="section">
				6718	<h3><a name="get_object_field_value"></a>get_object_field_value</h3>
				6719	<ul>
				6720
				6721	<li>
				6722
				6723	<p>Syntax:</p>
				6724
				6725	<div>
				6726	<div>
				6727	<pre class="source">get_object_field_value(input_object, string)
				6728	</pre></div></div>
				6729	</li>
				6730	<li>
				6731
				6732	<p>Access the field name given in the <tt>string_expression</tt> from the <tt>object_expression</tt>.</p>
				6733	</li>
				6734	<li>Arguments:
				6735	<ul>
				6736
				6737	<li><tt>input_object</tt> : a <tt>object</tt> value.</li>
				6738	<li><tt>string</tt> : a <tt>string</tt> representing the top level field name.</li>
				6739	</ul>
				6740	</li>
				6741	<li>Return Value:
				6742	<ul>
				6743
				6744	<li>an <tt>any</tt> value saved in the designated field of the object,</li>
				6745	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6746	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6747	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				6748	<ul>
				6749
				6750	<li>the first argument is any other non-object value,</li>
				6751	<li>or, the second argument is any other non-string value.</li>
				6752	</ul>
				6753	</li>
				6754	</ul>
				6755	</li>
				6756	<li>
				6757
				6758	<p>Example:</p>
				6759
				6760	<div>
				6761	<div>
				6762	<pre class="source">get_object_field_value({
				6763	"id": 1,
				6764	"project": "AsterixDB",
				6765	"address": {"city": "Irvine", "state": "CA"},
				6766	"related": ["Hivestrix", "Preglix", "Apache VXQuery"]
				6767	},
				6768	"project"
				6769	);
				6770	</pre></div></div>
				6771	</li>
				6772	<li>
				6773
				6774	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				6775
				6776	<div>
				6777	<div>
				6778	<pre class="source">"AsterixDB"
				6779	</pre></div></div>
				6780	</li>
				6781	</ul></div>
				6782	<div class="section">
				6783	<h3><a name="object_remove_fields"></a>object_remove_fields</h3>
				6784	<ul>
				6785
				6786	<li>
				6787
				6788	<p>Syntax:</p>
				6789
				6790	<div>
				6791	<div>
				6792	<pre class="source">object_remove_fields(input_object, field_names)
				6793	</pre></div></div>
				6794	</li>
				6795	<li>
				6796
				6797	<p>Remove indicated fields from a object given a list of field names.</p>
				6798	</li>
				6799	<li>Arguments:
				6800	<ul>
				6801
				6802	<li><tt>input_object</tt>: a object value.</li>
				6803	<li><tt>field_names</tt>: an array of strings and/or array of array of strings.</li>
				6804	</ul>
				6805	</li>
				6806	<li>
				6807
				6808	<p>Return Value:</p>
				6809	<ul>
				6810
				6811	<li>a new object value without the fields listed in the second argument,</li>
				6812	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6813	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6814	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				6815	<ul>
				6816
				6817	<li>the first argument is any other non-object value,</li>
				6818	<li>or, the second argument is any other non-array value or recursively contains non-string items.</li>
				6819	</ul>
				6820	</li>
				6821	</ul>
				6822	</li>
				6823	<li>
				6824
				6825	<p>Example:</p>
				6826
				6827	<div>
				6828	<div>
				6829	<pre class="source">object_remove_fields(
				6830	{
				6831	"id":1,
				6832	"project":"AsterixDB",
				6833	"address":{"city":"Irvine", "state":"CA"},
				6834	"related":["Hivestrix", "Preglix", "Apache VXQuery"]
				6835	},
				6836	[["address", "city"], "related"]
				6837	);
				6838	</pre></div></div>
				6839	</li>
				6840	<li>
				6841
				6842	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				6843
				6844	<div>
				6845	<div>
				6846	<pre class="source">{
				6847	"id":1,
				6848	"project":"AsterixDB",
				6849	"address":{ "state": "CA" }
				6850	}
				6851	</pre></div></div>
				6852	</li>
				6853	</ul></div>
				6854	<div class="section">
				6855	<h3><a name="object_add_fields"></a>object_add_fields</h3>
				6856	<ul>
				6857
				6858	<li>
				6859
				6860	<p>Syntax:</p>
				6861
				6862	<div>
				6863	<div>
				6864	<pre class="source">object_add_fields(input_object, fields)
				6865	</pre></div></div>
				6866	</li>
				6867	<li>
				6868
				6869	<p>Add fields to a object given a list of field names.</p>
				6870	</li>
				6871	<li>Arguments:
				6872	<ul>
				6873
				6874	<li><tt>input_object</tt> : a object value.</li>
				6875	<li><tt>fields</tt>: an array of field descriptor objects where each object has field_name and field_value.</li>
				6876	</ul>
				6877	</li>
				6878	<li>Return Value:
				6879	<ul>
				6880
				6881	<li>a new object value with the new fields included,</li>
				6882	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6883	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6884	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				6885	<ul>
				6886
				6887	<li>the first argument is any other non-object value,</li>
				6888	<li>the second argument is any other non-array value, or contains non-object items.</li>
				6889	</ul>
				6890	</li>
				6891	</ul>
				6892	</li>
				6893	<li>
				6894
				6895	<p>Example:</p>
				6896
				6897	<div>
				6898	<div>
				6899	<pre class="source">object_add_fields(
				6900	{
				6901	"id":1,
				6902	"project":"AsterixDB",
				6903	"address":{"city":"Irvine", "state":"CA"},
				6904	"related":["Hivestrix", "Preglix", "Apache VXQuery"]
				6905	},
				6906	[{"field-name":"employment_location", "field-value":create_point(30.0,70.0)}]
				6907	);
				6908	</pre></div></div>
				6909	</li>
				6910	<li>
				6911
				6912	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				6913
				6914	<div>
				6915	<div>
				6916	<pre class="source">{
				6917	"id":1,
				6918	"project":"AsterixDB",
				6919	"address":{"city":"Irvine", "state":"CA"},
				6920	"related":["Hivestrix", "Preglix", "Apache VXQuery"]
				6921	"employment_location": point("30.0,70.0")
				6922	}
				6923	</pre></div></div>
				6924	</li>
				6925	</ul></div>
				6926	<div class="section">
				6927	<h3><a name="object_merge"></a>object_merge</h3>
				6928	<ul>
				6929
				6930	<li>
				6931
				6932	<p>Syntax:</p>
				6933
				6934	<div>
				6935	<div>
				6936	<pre class="source">object_merge(object1, object2)
				6937	</pre></div></div>
				6938	</li>
				6939	<li>
				6940
				6941	<p>Merge two different objects into a new object.</p>
				6942	</li>
				6943	<li>Arguments:
				6944	<ul>
				6945
				6946	<li><tt>object1</tt> : a object value.</li>
				6947	<li><tt>object2</tt> : a object value.</li>
				6948	</ul>
				6949	</li>
				6950	<li>Return Value:
				6951	<ul>
				6952
				6953	<li>a new object value with fields from both input objects. If a field’s names in both objects are the same, an exception is issued,</li>
				6954	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6955	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				6956	<li>any other non-object input value will cause a type error.</li>
				6957	</ul>
				6958	</li>
				6959	<li>
				6960
				6961	<p>Example:</p>
				6962
				6963	<div>
				6964	<div>
				6965	<pre class="source">object_merge(
				6966	{
				6967	"id":1,
				6968	"project":"AsterixDB",
				6969	"address":{"city":"Irvine", "state":"CA"},
				6970	"related":["Hivestrix", "Preglix", "Apache VXQuery"]
				6971	},
				6972	{
				6973	"user_id": 22,
				6974	"employer": "UC Irvine",
				6975	"employment_type": "visitor"
				6976	}
				6977	);
				6978	</pre></div></div>
				6979	</li>
				6980	<li>
				6981
				6982	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				6983
				6984	<div>
				6985	<div>
				6986	<pre class="source">{
				6987	"employment_type": "visitor",
				6988	"address": {
				6989	"city": "Irvine",
				6990	"state": "CA"
				6991	},
				6992	"related": [
				6993	"Hivestrix",
				6994	"Preglix",
				6995	"Apache VXQuery"
				6996	],
				6997	"user_id": 22,
				6998	"project": "AsterixDB",
				6999	"employer": "UC Irvine",
				7000	"id": 1
				7001	}
				7002	</pre></div></div>
				7003	</li>
				7004	</ul></div>
				7005	<div class="section">
				7006	<h3><a name="object_length"></a>object_length</h3>
				7007	<ul>
				7008
				7009	<li>
				7010
				7011	<p>Syntax:</p>
				7012
				7013	<div>
				7014	<div>
				7015	<pre class="source">object_length(input_object)
				7016	</pre></div></div>
				7017	</li>
				7018	<li>
				7019
				7020	<p>Returns number of top-level fields in the given object</p>
				7021	</li>
				7022	<li>Arguments:
				7023	<ul>
				7024
				7025	<li><tt>input_object</tt> : an object value.</li>
				7026	</ul>
				7027	</li>
				7028	<li>Return Value:
				7029	<ul>
				7030
				7031	<li>an integer that represents the number of top-level fields in the given object,</li>
				7032	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				7033	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value or any other non-object value</li>
				7034	</ul>
				7035	</li>
				7036	<li>
				7037
				7038	<p>Example:</p>
				7039
				7040	<div>
				7041	<div>
				7042	<pre class="source">object_length(
				7043	{
				7044	"id": 1,
				7045	"project": "AsterixDB",
				7046	"address": {"city": "Irvine", "state": "CA"},
				7047	}
				7048	);
				7049	</pre></div></div>
				7050	</li>
				7051	<li>
				7052
				7053	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				7054
				7055	<div>
				7056	<div>
				7057	<pre class="source">3
				7058	</pre></div></div>
				7059	</li>
				7060	</ul></div>
				7061	<div class="section">
				7062	<h3><a name="object_names"></a>object_names</h3>
				7063	<ul>
				7064
				7065	<li>
				7066
				7067	<p>Syntax:</p>
				7068
				7069	<div>
				7070	<div>
				7071	<pre class="source">object_names(input_object)
				7072	</pre></div></div>
				7073	</li>
				7074	<li>
				7075
				7076	<p>Returns names of top-level fields in the given object</p>
				7077	</li>
				7078	<li>Arguments:
				7079	<ul>
				7080
				7081	<li><tt>input_object</tt> : an object value.</li>
				7082	</ul>
				7083	</li>
				7084	<li>Return Value:
				7085	<ul>
				7086
				7087	<li>an array with top-level field names of the given object,</li>
				7088	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				7089	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value or any other non-object value</li>
				7090	</ul>
				7091	</li>
				7092	<li>
				7093
				7094	<p>Example:</p>
				7095
				7096	<div>
				7097	<div>
				7098	<pre class="source">object_names(
				7099	{
				7100	"id": 1,
				7101	"project": "AsterixDB",
				7102	"address": {"city": "Irvine", "state": "CA"},
				7103	}
				7104	);
				7105	</pre></div></div>
				7106	</li>
				7107	<li>
				7108
				7109	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				7110
				7111	<div>
				7112	<div>
				7113	<pre class="source">[ "id", "project", "address" ]
				7114	</pre></div></div>
				7115	</li>
				7116	</ul></div>
				7117	<div class="section">
				7118	<h3><a name="object_remove"></a>object_remove</h3>
				7119	<ul>
				7120
				7121	<li>
				7122
				7123	<p>Syntax:</p>
				7124
				7125	<div>
				7126	<div>
				7127	<pre class="source">object_remove(input_object, field_name)
				7128	</pre></div></div>
				7129	</li>
				7130	<li>
				7131
				7132	<p>Returns a new object that has the same fields as the input object except the field to be removed</p>
				7133	</li>
				7134	<li>Arguments:
				7135	<ul>
				7136
				7137	<li><tt>input_object</tt> : an object value.</li>
				7138	<li><tt>field_name</tt> : a string field name.</li>
				7139	</ul>
				7140	</li>
				7141	<li>Return Value:
				7142	<ul>
				7143
				7144	<li>A new object that has the same fields as <tt>input_object</tt> except the field <tt>field_name</tt>,</li>
				7145	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument <tt>input_object</tt> or <tt>field_name</tt> is missing,</li>
				7146	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument <tt>input_object</tt> is <tt>null</tt> or any other non-object value, or the argument <tt>field_name</tt> is <tt>null</tt> or any other non-string value.</li>
				7147	</ul>
				7148	</li>
				7149	<li>
				7150
				7151	<p>Example:</p>
				7152
				7153	<div>
				7154	<div>
				7155	<pre class="source">object_remove(
				7156	{
				7157	"id": 1,
				7158	"project": "AsterixDB",
				7159	"address": {"city": "Irvine", "state": "CA"}
				7160	}
				7161	, "address"
				7162	);
				7163	</pre></div></div>
				7164	</li>
				7165	<li>
				7166
				7167	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				7168
				7169	<div>
				7170	<div>
				7171	<pre class="source">{
				7172	"id": 1,
				7173	"project": "AsterixDB",
				7174	}
				7175	</pre></div></div>
				7176	</li>
				7177	</ul></div>
				7178	<div class="section">
				7179	<h3><a name="object_rename"></a>object_rename</h3>
				7180	<ul>
				7181
				7182	<li>
				7183
				7184	<p>Syntax:</p>
				7185
				7186	<div>
				7187	<div>
				7188	<pre class="source">object_rename(input_object, old_field, new_field)
				7189	</pre></div></div>
				7190	</li>
				7191	<li>
				7192
				7193	<p>Returns a new object that has the same fields as <tt>input_object</tt> with field <tt>old_field</tt> replaced by <tt>new_field</tt></p>
				7194	</li>
				7195	<li>Arguments:
				7196	<ul>
				7197
				7198	<li><tt>input_object</tt> : an object value.</li>
				7199	<li><tt>old_field</tt> : a string representing the old (original) field name inside the object <tt>input_object</tt>.</li>
				7200	<li><tt>new_field</tt> : a string representing the new field name to replace <tt>old_field</tt> inside the object <tt>input_object</tt>.</li>
				7201	</ul>
				7202	</li>
				7203	<li>Return Value:
				7204	<ul>
				7205
				7206	<li>A new object that has the same fields as <tt>input_object</tt> with field <tt>old_field</tt> replaced by <tt>new_field</tt>,</li>
				7207	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				7208	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>input_object</tt> is non-object value, or <tt>old_field</tt> is non-string value, or <tt>new_field</tt> is any non-string value.</li>
				7209	</ul>
				7210	</li>
				7211	<li>
				7212
				7213	<p>Example:</p>
				7214
				7215	<div>
				7216	<div>
				7217	<pre class="source">object_rename(
				7218	{
				7219	"id": 1,
				7220	"project": "AsterixDB",
				7221	"address": {"city": "Irvine", "state": "CA"}
				7222	}
				7223	, "address"
				7224	, "location"
				7225	);
				7226	</pre></div></div>
				7227	</li>
				7228	<li>
				7229
				7230	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				7231
				7232	<div>
				7233	<div>
				7234	<pre class="source">{
				7235	"id": 1,
				7236	"project": "AsterixDB",
				7237	"location": {"city": "Irvine", "state": "CA"}
				7238	}
				7239	</pre></div></div>
				7240	</li>
				7241	</ul></div>
				7242	<div class="section">
				7243	<h3><a name="object_unwrap"></a>object_unwrap</h3>
				7244	<ul>
				7245
				7246	<li>
				7247
				7248	<p>Syntax:</p>
				7249
				7250	<div>
				7251	<div>
				7252	<pre class="source">object_unwrap(input_object)
				7253	</pre></div></div>
				7254	</li>
				7255	<li>
				7256
				7257	<p>Returns the value of the single name-value pair that appears in <tt>input_object</tt>.</p>
				7258	</li>
				7259	<li>Arguments:
				7260	<ul>
				7261
				7262	<li><tt>input_object</tt> : an object value that consists of exactly one name-value pair.</li>
				7263	</ul>
				7264	</li>
				7265	<li>Return Value:
				7266	<ul>
				7267
				7268	<li>The value of the single name-value pair that appears in <tt>input_object</tt>,</li>
				7269	<li><tt>missing</tt> if <tt>input_object</tt> is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				7270	<li><tt>null</tt> if <tt>input_object</tt> is null, or an empty object, or there is more than one name-value pair in <tt>input_object</tt>, or any non-object value.</li>
				7271	</ul>
				7272	</li>
				7273	<li>
				7274
				7275	<p>Example:</p>
				7276
				7277	<div>
				7278	<div>
				7279	<pre class="source">object_unwrap(
				7280	{
				7281	"id": 1
				7282	}
				7283	);
				7284	</pre></div></div>
				7285	</li>
				7286	<li>
				7287
				7288	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				7289
				7290	<div>
				7291	<div>
				7292	<pre class="source">{
				7293	1
				7294	}
				7295	</pre></div></div>
				7296	</li>
				7297	</ul></div>
				7298	<div class="section">
				7299	<h3><a name="object_replace"></a>object_replace</h3>
				7300	<ul>
				7301
				7302	<li>
				7303
				7304	<p>Syntax:</p>
				7305
				7306	<div>
				7307	<div>
				7308	<pre class="source">object_replace(input_object, old_value, new_value)
				7309	</pre></div></div>
				7310	</li>
				7311	<li>
				7312
				7313	<p>Returns a new object that has the same fields as <tt>input_object</tt> with all occurrences of value <tt>old_value</tt> replaced by <tt>new_value</tt></p>
				7314	</li>
				7315	<li>Arguments:
				7316	<ul>
				7317
				7318	<li><tt>input_object</tt> : an object value.</li>
				7319	<li><tt>old_value</tt> : a primitive type value to be replaced by <tt>new_value</tt>.</li>
				7320	<li><tt>new_value</tt> : a value to replace <tt>old_value</tt>.</li>
				7321	</ul>
				7322	</li>
				7323	<li>Return Value:
				7324	<ul>
				7325
				7326	<li>A new object that has the same fields as <tt>input_object</tt> with all occurrences of value <tt>old_value</tt> replaced by <tt>new_value</tt>,</li>
				7327	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				7328	<li><tt>null</tt> if <tt>input_object</tt> or <tt>old_value</tt> is null,</li>
				7329	<li>a type error will be raised if:
				7330	<ul>
				7331
				7332	<li><tt>old_value</tt> is not a primitive type value.</li>
				7333	</ul>
				7334	</li>
				7335	</ul>
				7336	</li>
				7337	<li>
				7338
				7339	<p>Example:</p>
				7340
				7341	<div>
				7342	<div>
				7343	<pre class="source">object_replace(
				7344	{
				7345	"id": 1,
				7346	"project": "AsterixDB",
				7347	"address": {"city": "Irvine", "state": "CA"}
				7348	}
				7349	, "AsterixDB"
				7350	, "Apache AsterixDB"
				7351	);
				7352	</pre></div></div>
				7353	</li>
				7354	<li>
				7355
				7356	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				7357
				7358	<div>
				7359	<div>
				7360	<pre class="source">{
				7361	"id": 1,
				7362	"project": "Apache AsterixDB",
				7363	"location": {"city": "Irvine", "state": "CA"}
				7364	}
				7365	</pre></div></div>
				7366	</li>
				7367	</ul></div>
				7368	<div class="section">
				7369	<h3><a name="object_add"></a>object_add</h3>
				7370	<ul>
				7371
				7372	<li>
				7373
				7374	<p>Syntax:</p>
				7375
				7376	<div>
				7377	<div>
				7378	<pre class="source">object_add(input_object, field_name, field_value)
				7379	</pre></div></div>
				7380	</li>
				7381	<li>
				7382
				7383	<p>Returns a new object that has the same fields as <tt>input_object</tt> as well as the new field <tt>field_name</tt>.</p>
				7384	</li>
				7385	<li>Arguments:
				7386	<ul>
				7387
				7388	<li><tt>input_object</tt> : an object value.</li>
				7389	<li><tt>field_name</tt> : a string representing a field name to be added.</li>
				7390	<li><tt>field_value</tt> : a value to be assigned to the new field <tt>field_name</tt>.</li>
				7391	</ul>
				7392	</li>
				7393	<li>Return Value:
				7394	<ul>
				7395
				7396	<li>A new object that has the same fields as <tt>input_object</tt> as well as the new field <tt>field_name</tt>,</li>
				7397	<li><tt>missing</tt> if <tt>input_object</tt> or <tt>field_name</tt> is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				7398	<li><tt>null</tt> if <tt>input_object</tt> or <tt>field_name</tt> is <tt>null</tt>, or <tt>input_object</tt> is not an object, or <tt>field_name</tt> is not a string,</li>
				7399	<li><tt>input_object</tt> if <tt>field_name</tt>already exists in <tt>input_object</tt> or <tt>field_value</tt> is missing.</li>
				7400	</ul>
				7401	</li>
				7402	<li>
				7403
				7404	<p>Example:</p>
				7405
				7406	<div>
				7407	<div>
				7408	<pre class="source">object_add(
				7409	{
				7410	"id": 1,
				7411	"project": "AsterixDB",
				7412	"address": {"city": "Irvine", "state": "CA"}
				7413	}
				7414	, "company"
				7415	, "Apache"
				7416	);
				7417	</pre></div></div>
				7418	</li>
				7419	<li>
				7420
				7421	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				7422
				7423	<div>
				7424	<div>
				7425	<pre class="source">{
				7426	"id": 1,
				7427	"project": "AsterixDB",
				7428	"location": {"city": "Irvine", "state": "CA"},
				7429	"company": "Apache"
				7430	}
				7431	</pre></div></div>
				7432	</li>
				7433	</ul></div>
				7434	<div class="section">
				7435	<h3><a name="object_put"></a>object_put</h3>
				7436	<ul>
				7437
				7438	<li>
				7439
				7440	<p>Syntax:</p>
				7441
				7442	<div>
				7443	<div>
				7444	<pre class="source">object_put(input_object, field_name, field_value)
				7445	</pre></div></div>
				7446	</li>
				7447	<li>
				7448
				7449	<p>Adds, modifies, or removes a field of an object.</p>
				7450	</li>
				7451	<li>Arguments:
				7452	<ul>
				7453
				7454	<li><tt>input_object</tt> : an object value.</li>
				7455	<li><tt>field_name</tt> : a string representing a field name to be added.</li>
				7456	<li><tt>field_value</tt> : a value to be assigned to the new field <tt>field_name</tt>.</li>
				7457	</ul>
				7458	</li>
				7459	<li>Return Value:
				7460	<ul>
				7461
				7462	<li>a new object that has the same fields as <tt>input_object</tt> as well as the new field <tt>field_name</tt>, or with updated <tt>field_name</tt> value to <tt>field_value</tt> if <tt>field_name</tt> already exists in <tt>input_object</tt>, or with <tt>field_name</tt>removed if <tt>field_name</tt> already exists in <tt>input_object</tt> and <tt>field_value</tt> is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				7463	<li><tt>missing</tt> if <tt>input_object</tt> or <tt>field_name</tt> is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				7464	<li><tt>null</tt> if <tt>input_object</tt> or <tt>field_name</tt> is <tt>null</tt>, or <tt>input_object</tt> is not an object, or <tt>field_name</tt> is not not a string.</li>
				7465	</ul>
				7466	</li>
				7467	<li>
				7468
				7469	<p>Example:</p>
				7470
				7471	<div>
				7472	<div>
				7473	<pre class="source">object_put(
				7474	{
				7475	"id": 1,
				7476	"project": "AsterixDB",
				7477	"address": {"city": "Irvine", "state": "CA"}
				7478	}
				7479	, "project"
				7480	, "Apache AsterixDB"
				7481	);
				7482	</pre></div></div>
				7483	</li>
				7484	<li>
				7485
				7486	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				7487
				7488	<div>
				7489	<div>
				7490	<pre class="source">{
				7491	"id": 1,
				7492	"project": "Apache AsterixDB",
				7493	"location": {"city": "Irvine", "state": "CA"}
				7494	}
				7495	</pre></div></div>
				7496	</li>
				7497	</ul></div>
				7498	<div class="section">
				7499	<h3><a name="object_values"></a>object_values</h3>
				7500	<ul>
				7501
				7502	<li>
				7503
				7504	<p>Syntax:</p>
				7505
				7506	<div>
				7507	<div>
				7508	<pre class="source">object_values(input_object)
				7509	</pre></div></div>
				7510	</li>
				7511	<li>
				7512
				7513	<p>Returns an array of the values of the fields in <tt>input_object</tt>.</p>
				7514	</li>
				7515	<li>Arguments:
				7516	<ul>
				7517
				7518	<li><tt>input_object</tt> : an object value.</li>
				7519	</ul>
				7520	</li>
				7521	<li>Return Value:
				7522	<ul>
				7523
				7524	<li>An array of the values of the fields in <tt>input_object</tt>,</li>
				7525	<li><tt>missing</tt> if <tt>input_object</tt> is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				7526	<li><tt>null</tt> if <tt>input_object</tt> is null or any non-object value.</li>
				7527	</ul>
				7528	</li>
				7529	<li>
				7530
				7531	<p>Example:</p>
				7532
				7533	<div>
				7534	<div>
				7535	<pre class="source">object_values(
				7536	{
				7537	"id": 1,
				7538	"project": "AsterixDB",
				7539	"address": {"city": "Irvine", "state": "CA"}
				7540	}
				7541	);
				7542	</pre></div></div>
				7543	</li>
				7544	<li>
				7545
				7546	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				7547
				7548	<div>
				7549	<div>
				7550	<pre class="source">[
				7551	1,
				7552	"AsterixDB",
				7553	{"city": "Irvine", "state": "CA"}
				7554	]
				7555	</pre></div></div>
				7556	</li>
				7557	</ul></div>
				7558	<div class="section">
				7559	<h3><a name="object_pairs"></a>object_pairs</h3>
				7560	<ul>
				7561
				7562	<li>
				7563
				7564	<p>Syntax:</p>
				7565
				7566	<div>
				7567	<div>
				7568	<pre class="source">object_pairs(input_object)
				7569	</pre></div></div>
				7570	</li>
				7571	<li>
				7572
				7573	<p>Returns an array of objects describing fields of <tt>input_object</tt>. For each field of the <tt>input_object</tt> the returned array contains an object with two fields <tt>name</tt> and <tt>value</tt> which are set to the <tt>input_object</tt>’s field name and value.</p>
				7574	</li>
				7575	<li>
				7576
				7577	<p>Arguments:</p>
				7578	<ul>
				7579
				7580	<li><tt>input_object</tt> : an object value.</li>
				7581	</ul>
				7582	</li>
				7583	<li>Return Value:
				7584	<ul>
				7585
				7586	<li>An array of the <tt>name</tt>/<tt>value</tt> pairs of the fields in <tt>input_object</tt>,</li>
				7587	<li><tt>missing</tt> if <tt>input_object</tt> is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				7588	<li><tt>null</tt> if <tt>input_object</tt> is null or any non-object value.</li>
				7589	</ul>
				7590	</li>
				7591	<li>
				7592
				7593	<p>Example:</p>
				7594
				7595	<div>
				7596	<div>
				7597	<pre class="source">object_pairs(
				7598	{
				7599	"id": 1,
				7600	"project": "AsterixDB",
				7601	"address": {"city": "Irvine", "state": "CA"}
				7602	}
				7603	);
				7604	</pre></div></div>
				7605	</li>
				7606	<li>
				7607
				7608	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				7609
				7610	<div>
				7611	<div>
				7612	<pre class="source">[
				7613	{ "name": "id", "value": 1 },
				7614	{ "name": "project", "value": "AsterixDB" },
				7615	{ "name": "address", "value": {"city": "Irvine", "state": "CA"} }
				7616	]
				7617	</pre></div></div>
				7618	</li>
				7619	</ul></div>
				7620	<div class="section">
				7621	<h3><a name="pairs"></a>pairs</h3>
				7622	<ul>
				7623
				7624	<li>
				7625
				7626	<p>Syntax:</p>
				7627
				7628	<div>
				7629	<div>
				7630	<pre class="source">pairs(input_object)
				7631	</pre></div></div>
				7632	</li>
				7633	<li>
				7634
				7635	<p>Returns an array of arrays describing fields of <tt>input_object</tt>, including nested fields. For each field of the <tt>input_object</tt> the returned array contains an array with two elements. The first element is the name and the second one is the value of the <tt>input_object</tt>’s field. The input object is introspected recursively, so all fields of its nested objects are returned. Nested objects contained in arrays and multisets are also processed by this function.</p>
				7636	</li>
				7637	<li>
				7638
				7639	<p>Arguments:</p>
				7640	<ul>
				7641
				7642	<li><tt>input_object</tt> : an object value (or an array or a multiset)</li>
				7643	</ul>
				7644	</li>
				7645	<li>Return Value:
				7646	<ul>
				7647
				7648	<li>An array of arrays with name, value pairs of the fields in <tt>input_object</tt>, including nested fields. Each inner array has exactly two items: name and value of the <tt>input_object</tt>’s field.</li>
				7649	<li><tt>missing</tt> if <tt>input_object</tt> is <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				7650	<li><tt>null</tt> if <tt>input_object</tt> is null or a value of a primitive data type.</li>
				7651	</ul>
				7652	</li>
				7653	<li>
				7654
				7655	<p>Example:</p>
				7656
				7657	<div>
				7658	<div>
				7659	<pre class="source">pairs(
				7660	{
				7661	"id": 1,
				7662	"project": "AsterixDB",
				7663	"address": {"city": "Irvine", "state": "CA"}
				7664	}
				7665	);
				7666	</pre></div></div>
				7667	</li>
				7668	<li>
				7669
				7670	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				7671
				7672	<div>
				7673	<div>
				7674	<pre class="source">[
				7675	[ "id", 1 ],
				7676	[ "project", "AsterixDB" ],
				7677	[ "address", { "city": "Irvine", "state": "CA" } ],
				7678	[ "city", "Irvine" ],
				7679	[ "state", "CA" ]
				7680	]
				7681	</pre></div></div>
				7682	</li>
				7683	</ul><!--
				7684	! Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
				7685	! or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
				7686	! distributed with this work for additional information
				7687	! regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
				7688	! to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
				7689	! "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
				7690	! with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
				7691	!
				7692	! http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
				7693	!
				7694	! Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
				7695	! software distributed under the License is distributed on an
				7696	! "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
				7697	! KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
				7698	! specific language governing permissions and limitations
				7699	! under the License.
				7700	!-->
				7701	</div></div>
				7702	<div class="section">
				7703	<h2><a name="Aggregate_Functions_.28Array_Functions.29"></a><a name="AggregateFunctions" id="AggregateFunctions">Aggregate Functions (Array Functions) </a></h2>
				7704	<p>This section contains detailed descriptions of the built-in aggregate functions in the query language.</p>
				7705	<p>The query language also supports standard SQL aggregate functions (e.g., <tt>MIN</tt>, <tt>MAX</tt>, <tt>SUM</tt>, <tt>COUNT</tt>, and <tt>AVG</tt>). Note that these are not real functions in the query language, but just syntactic sugars over corresponding builtin aggregate functions (e.g., <tt>ARRAY_MIN</tt>, <tt>ARRAY_MAX</tt>, <tt>ARRAY_SUM</tt>, <tt>ARRAY_COUNT</tt>, and <tt>ARRAY_AVG</tt>). Refer to <a href="manual.html#SQL-92_aggregation_functions">SQL-92 Aggregation Functions</a> for details.</p>
				7706	<p>The <tt>DISTINCT</tt> keyword may be used with built-in aggregate functions and standard SQL aggregate functions. It may also be used with aggregate functions used as window functions. It determines whether the function aggregates all values in the group, or distinct values only. Refer to <a href="manual.html#Aggregation_functions">Aggregation Functions</a> for details.</p>
				7707	<p>Aggregate functions may be used as window functions when they are used with an OVER clause. Refer to <a href="manual.html#Over_clauses">OVER Clauses</a> for details.</p>
				7708	<div class="section">
				7709	<h3><a name="array_count"></a>array_count</h3>
				7710	<ul>
				7711
				7712	<li>
				7713
				7714	<p>Syntax:</p>
				7715
				7716	<div>
				7717	<div>
				7718	<pre class="source">array_count(collection)
				7719	</pre></div></div>
				7720	</li>
				7721	<li>
				7722
				7723	<p>Gets the number of non-null and non-missing items in the given collection.</p>
				7724	</li>
				7725	<li>Arguments:
				7726	<ul>
				7727
				7728	<li><tt>collection</tt> could be:
				7729	<ul>
				7730
				7731	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> to be counted,</li>
				7732	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				7733	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				7734	</ul>
				7735	</li>
				7736	</ul>
				7737	</li>
				7738	<li>Return Value:
				7739	<ul>
				7740
				7741	<li>a <tt>bigint</tt> value representing the number of non-null and non-missing items in the given collection,</li>
				7742	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				7743	<li>any other non-array and non-multiset input value will cause an error.</li>
				7744	</ul>
				7745	</li>
				7746	<li>
				7747
				7748	<p>Example:</p>
				7749
				7750	<div>
				7751	<div>
				7752	<pre class="source">array_count( ['hello', 'world', 1, 2, 3, null, missing] );
				7753	</pre></div></div>
				7754	</li>
				7755	<li>
				7756
				7757	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				7758
				7759	<div>
				7760	<div>
				7761	<pre class="source">5
				7762	</pre></div></div>
				7763	</li>
				7764	</ul></div>
				7765	<div class="section">
				7766	<h3><a name="array_avg"></a>array_avg</h3>
				7767	<ul>
				7768
				7769	<li>
				7770
				7771	<p>Syntax:</p>
				7772
				7773	<div>
				7774	<div>
				7775	<pre class="source">array_avg(num_collection)
				7776	</pre></div></div>
				7777	</li>
				7778	<li>
				7779
				7780	<p>Gets the average value of the non-null and non-missing numeric items in the given collection.</p>
				7781	</li>
				7782	<li>Arguments:
				7783	<ul>
				7784
				7785	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				7786	<ul>
				7787
				7788	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> containing numeric values, <tt>null</tt>s or <tt>missing</tt>s,</li>
				7789	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				7790	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				7791	</ul>
				7792	</li>
				7793	</ul>
				7794	</li>
				7795	<li>Return Value:
				7796	<ul>
				7797
				7798	<li>a <tt>double</tt> value representing the average of the non-null and non-missing numbers in the given collection,</li>
				7799	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				7800	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the given collection does not contain any non-null and non-missing items,</li>
				7801	<li>any other non-array and non-multiset input value will cause a type error,</li>
				7802	<li>any other non-numeric value in the input collection will cause a type error.</li>
				7803	</ul>
				7804	</li>
				7805	<li>
				7806
				7807	<p>Example:</p>
				7808
				7809	<div>
				7810	<div>
				7811	<pre class="source">array_avg( [1.2, 2.3, 3.4, 0, null] );
				7812	</pre></div></div>
				7813	</li>
				7814	<li>
				7815
				7816	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				7817
				7818	<div>
				7819	<div>
				7820	<pre class="source">1.725
				7821	</pre></div></div>
				7822	</li>
				7823	</ul></div>
				7824	<div class="section">
				7825	<h3><a name="array_sum"></a>array_sum</h3>
				7826	<ul>
				7827
				7828	<li>
				7829
				7830	<p>Syntax:</p>
				7831
				7832	<div>
				7833	<div>
				7834	<pre class="source">array_sum(num_collection)
				7835	</pre></div></div>
				7836	</li>
				7837	<li>
				7838
				7839	<p>Gets the sum of non-null and non-missing items in the given collection.</p>
				7840	</li>
				7841	<li>Arguments:
				7842	<ul>
				7843
				7844	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				7845	<ul>
				7846
				7847	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> containing numeric values, <tt>null</tt>s or <tt>missing</tt>s,</li>
				7848	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				7849	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				7850	</ul>
				7851	</li>
				7852	</ul>
				7853	</li>
				7854	<li>Return Value:
				7855	<ul>
				7856
				7857	<li>the sum of the non-null and non-missing numbers in the given collection. The returning type is decided by the item type with the highest order in the numeric type promotion order (<tt>tinyint</tt>-> <tt>smallint</tt>-><tt>integer</tt>-><tt>bigint</tt>-><tt>float</tt>-><tt>double</tt>) among items.</li>
				7858	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				7859	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the given collection does not contain any non-null and non-missing items,</li>
				7860	<li>any other non-array and non-multiset input value will cause a type error,</li>
				7861	<li>any other non-numeric value in the input collection will cause a type error.</li>
				7862	</ul>
				7863	</li>
				7864	<li>
				7865
				7866	<p>Example:</p>
				7867
				7868	<div>
				7869	<div>
				7870	<pre class="source">array_sum( [1.2, 2.3, 3.4, 0, null, missing] );
				7871	</pre></div></div>
				7872	</li>
				7873	<li>
				7874
				7875	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				7876
				7877	<div>
				7878	<div>
				7879	<pre class="source">6.9
				7880	</pre></div></div>
				7881	</li>
				7882	</ul></div>
				7883	<div class="section">
				7884	<h3><a name="array_min"></a>array_min</h3>
				7885	<ul>
				7886
				7887	<li>
				7888
				7889	<p>Syntax:</p>
				7890
				7891	<div>
				7892	<div>
				7893	<pre class="source">array_min(num_collection)
				7894	</pre></div></div>
				7895	</li>
				7896	<li>
				7897
				7898	<p>Gets the min value of non-null and non-missing comparable items in the given collection.</p>
				7899	</li>
				7900	<li>Arguments:
				7901	<ul>
				7902
				7903	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				7904	<ul>
				7905
				7906	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt>,</li>
				7907	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				7908	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				7909	</ul>
				7910	</li>
				7911	</ul>
				7912	</li>
				7913	<li>Return Value:
				7914	<ul>
				7915
				7916	<li>the min value of non-null and non-missing values in the given collection. The returning type is decided by the item type with the highest order in the type promotion order (<tt>tinyint</tt>-> <tt>smallint</tt>-><tt>integer</tt>-><tt>bigint</tt>-><tt>float</tt>-><tt>double</tt>) among numeric items.</li>
				7917	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				7918	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the given collection does not contain any non-null and non-missing items,</li>
				7919	<li>multiple incomparable items in the input array or multiset will cause a type error,</li>
				7920	<li>any other non-array and non-multiset input value will cause a type error.</li>
				7921	</ul>
				7922	</li>
				7923	<li>
				7924
				7925	<p>Example:</p>
				7926
				7927	<div>
				7928	<div>
				7929	<pre class="source">array_min( [1.2, 2.3, 3.4, 0, null, missing] );
				7930	</pre></div></div>
				7931	</li>
				7932	<li>
				7933
				7934	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				7935
				7936	<div>
				7937	<div>
				7938	<pre class="source">0.0
				7939	</pre></div></div>
				7940	</li>
				7941	</ul></div>
				7942	<div class="section">
				7943	<h3><a name="array_max"></a>array_max</h3>
				7944	<ul>
				7945
				7946	<li>
				7947
				7948	<p>Syntax:</p>
				7949
				7950	<div>
				7951	<div>
				7952	<pre class="source">array_max(num_collection)
				7953	</pre></div></div>
				7954	</li>
				7955	<li>
				7956
				7957	<p>Gets the max value of the non-null and non-missing comparable items in the given collection.</p>
				7958	</li>
				7959	<li>Arguments:
				7960	<ul>
				7961
				7962	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				7963	<ul>
				7964
				7965	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt>,</li>
				7966	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				7967	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				7968	</ul>
				7969	</li>
				7970	</ul>
				7971	</li>
				7972	<li>Return Value:
				7973	<ul>
				7974
				7975	<li>the max value of non-null and non-missing numbers in the given collection. The returning type is decided by the item type with the highest order in the type promotion order (<tt>tinyint</tt>-> <tt>smallint</tt>-><tt>integer</tt>-><tt>bigint</tt>-><tt>float</tt>-><tt>double</tt>) among numeric items.</li>
				7976	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				7977	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the given collection does not contain any non-null and non-missing items,</li>
				7978	<li>multiple incomparable items in the input array or multiset will cause a type error,</li>
				7979	<li>any other non-array and non-multiset input value will cause a type error.</li>
				7980	</ul>
				7981	</li>
				7982	<li>
				7983
				7984	<p>Example:</p>
				7985
				7986	<div>
				7987	<div>
				7988	<pre class="source">array_max( [1.2, 2.3, 3.4, 0, null, missing] );
				7989	</pre></div></div>
				7990	</li>
				7991	<li>
				7992
				7993	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				7994
				7995	<div>
				7996	<div>
				7997	<pre class="source">3.4
				7998	</pre></div></div>
				7999	</li>
				8000	</ul></div>
				8001	<div class="section">
				8002	<h3><a name="array_stddev_samp"></a>array_stddev_samp</h3>
				8003	<ul>
				8004
				8005	<li>
				8006
				8007	<p>Syntax:</p>
				8008
				8009	<div>
				8010	<div>
				8011	<pre class="source">array_stddev_samp(num_collection)
				8012	</pre></div></div>
				8013	</li>
				8014	<li>
				8015
				8016	<p>Gets the sample standard deviation value of the non-null and non-missing numeric items in the given collection.</p>
				8017	</li>
				8018	<li>Arguments:
				8019	<ul>
				8020
				8021	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				8022	<ul>
				8023
				8024	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> containing numeric values, <tt>null</tt>s or <tt>missing</tt>s,</li>
				8025	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				8026	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				8027	</ul>
				8028	</li>
				8029	</ul>
				8030	</li>
				8031	<li>Return Value:
				8032	<ul>
				8033
				8034	<li>a <tt>double</tt> value representing the sample standard deviation of the non-null and non-missing numbers in the given collection,</li>
				8035	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				8036	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the given collection does not contain any non-null and non-missing items,</li>
				8037	<li>any other non-array and non-multiset input value will cause a type error,</li>
				8038	<li>any other non-numeric value in the input collection will cause a type error.</li>
				8039	</ul>
				8040	</li>
				8041	<li>
				8042
				8043	<p>Example:</p>
				8044
				8045	<div>
				8046	<div>
				8047	<pre class="source">array_stddev_samp( [1.2, 2.3, 3.4, 0, null] );
				8048	</pre></div></div>
				8049	</li>
				8050	<li>
				8051
				8052	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				8053
				8054	<div>
				8055	<div>
				8056	<pre class="source">1.4591664287073858
				8057	</pre></div></div>
				8058	</li>
				8059	</ul></div>
				8060	<div class="section">
				8061	<h3><a name="array_stddev_pop"></a>array_stddev_pop</h3>
				8062	<ul>
				8063
				8064	<li>
				8065
				8066	<p>Syntax:</p>
				8067
				8068	<div>
				8069	<div>
				8070	<pre class="source">array_stddev_pop(num_collection)
				8071	</pre></div></div>
				8072	</li>
				8073	<li>
				8074
				8075	<p>Gets the population standard deviation value of the non-null and non-missing numeric items in the given collection.</p>
				8076	</li>
				8077	<li>Arguments:
				8078	<ul>
				8079
				8080	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				8081	<ul>
				8082
				8083	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> containing numeric values, <tt>null</tt>s or <tt>missing</tt>s,</li>
				8084	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				8085	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				8086	</ul>
				8087	</li>
				8088	</ul>
				8089	</li>
				8090	<li>Return Value:
				8091	<ul>
				8092
				8093	<li>a <tt>double</tt> value representing the population standard deviation of the non-null and non-missing numbers in the given collection,</li>
				8094	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				8095	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the given collection does not contain any non-null and non-missing items,</li>
				8096	<li>any other non-array and non-multiset input value will cause a type error,</li>
				8097	<li>any other non-numeric value in the input collection will cause a type error.</li>
				8098	</ul>
				8099	</li>
				8100	<li>
				8101
				8102	<p>Example:</p>
				8103
				8104	<div>
				8105	<div>
				8106	<pre class="source">array_stddev_pop( [1.2, 2.3, 3.4, 0, null] );
				8107	</pre></div></div>
				8108	</li>
				8109	<li>
				8110
				8111	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				8112
				8113	<div>
				8114	<div>
				8115	<pre class="source">1.2636751956100112
				8116	</pre></div></div>
				8117	</li>
				8118	</ul></div>
				8119	<div class="section">
				8120	<h3><a name="array_var_samp"></a>array_var_samp</h3>
				8121	<ul>
				8122
				8123	<li>
				8124
				8125	<p>Syntax:</p>
				8126
				8127	<div>
				8128	<div>
				8129	<pre class="source">array_var_samp(num_collection)
				8130	</pre></div></div>
				8131	</li>
				8132	<li>
				8133
				8134	<p>Gets the sample variance value of the non-null and non-missing numeric items in the given collection.</p>
				8135	</li>
				8136	<li>Arguments:
				8137	<ul>
				8138
				8139	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				8140	<ul>
				8141
				8142	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> containing numeric values, <tt>null</tt>s or <tt>missing</tt>s,</li>
				8143	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				8144	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				8145	</ul>
				8146	</li>
				8147	</ul>
				8148	</li>
				8149	<li>Return Value:
				8150	<ul>
				8151
				8152	<li>a <tt>double</tt> value representing the sample variance of the non-null and non-missing numbers in the given collection,</li>
				8153	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				8154	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the given collection does not contain any non-null and non-missing items,</li>
				8155	<li>any other non-array and non-multiset input value will cause a type error,</li>
				8156	<li>any other non-numeric value in the input collection will cause a type error.</li>
				8157	</ul>
				8158	</li>
				8159	<li>
				8160
				8161	<p>Example:</p>
				8162
				8163	<div>
				8164	<div>
				8165	<pre class="source">array_var_samp( [1.2, 2.3, 3.4, 0, null] );
				8166	</pre></div></div>
				8167	</li>
				8168	<li>
				8169
				8170	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				8171
				8172	<div>
				8173	<div>
				8174	<pre class="source">2.1291666666666664
				8175	</pre></div></div>
				8176	</li>
				8177	</ul></div>
				8178	<div class="section">
				8179	<h3><a name="array_var_pop"></a>array_var_pop</h3>
				8180	<ul>
				8181
				8182	<li>
				8183
				8184	<p>Syntax:</p>
				8185
				8186	<div>
				8187	<div>
				8188	<pre class="source">array_var_pop(num_collection)
				8189	</pre></div></div>
				8190	</li>
				8191	<li>
				8192
				8193	<p>Gets the population variance value of the non-null and non-missing numeric items in the given collection.</p>
				8194	</li>
				8195	<li>Arguments:
				8196	<ul>
				8197
				8198	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				8199	<ul>
				8200
				8201	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> containing numeric values, <tt>null</tt>s or <tt>missing</tt>s,</li>
				8202	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				8203	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				8204	</ul>
				8205	</li>
				8206	</ul>
				8207	</li>
				8208	<li>Return Value:
				8209	<ul>
				8210
				8211	<li>a <tt>double</tt> value representing the population variance of the non-null and non-missing numbers in the given collection,</li>
				8212	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				8213	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the given collection does not contain any non-null and non-missing items,</li>
				8214	<li>any other non-array and non-multiset input value will cause a type error,</li>
				8215	<li>any other non-numeric value in the input collection will cause a type error.</li>
				8216	</ul>
				8217	</li>
				8218	<li>
				8219
				8220	<p>Example:</p>
				8221
				8222	<div>
				8223	<div>
				8224	<pre class="source">array_var_pop( [1.2, 2.3, 3.4, 0, null] );
				8225	</pre></div></div>
				8226	</li>
				8227	<li>
				8228
				8229	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				8230
				8231	<div>
				8232	<div>
				8233	<pre class="source">1.5968749999999998
				8234	</pre></div></div>
				8235	</li>
				8236	</ul></div>
				8237	<div class="section">
				8238	<h3><a name="array_skewness"></a>array_skewness</h3>
				8239	<ul>
				8240
				8241	<li>
				8242
				8243	<p>Syntax:</p>
				8244
				8245	<div>
				8246	<div>
				8247	<pre class="source">array_skewness(num_collection)
				8248	</pre></div></div>
				8249	</li>
				8250	<li>
				8251
				8252	<p>Gets the skewness value of the non-null and non-missing numeric items in the given collection.</p>
				8253	</li>
				8254	<li>Arguments:
				8255	<ul>
				8256
				8257	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				8258	<ul>
				8259
				8260	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> containing numeric values, <tt>null</tt>s or <tt>missing</tt>s,</li>
				8261	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				8262	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				8263	</ul>
				8264	</li>
				8265	</ul>
				8266	</li>
				8267	<li>Return Value:
				8268	<ul>
				8269
				8270	<li>a <tt>double</tt> value representing the skewness of the non-null and non-missing numbers in the given collection,</li>
				8271	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				8272	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the given collection does not contain any non-null and non-missing items,</li>
				8273	<li>any other non-array and non-multiset input value will cause a type error,</li>
				8274	<li>any other non-numeric value in the input collection will cause a type error.</li>
				8275	</ul>
				8276	</li>
				8277	<li>
				8278
				8279	<p>Example:</p>
				8280
				8281	<div>
				8282	<div>
				8283	<pre class="source">array_skewness( [1.2, 2.3, 3.4, 0, null] );
				8284	</pre></div></div>
				8285	</li>
				8286	<li>
				8287
				8288	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				8289
				8290	<div>
				8291	<div>
				8292	<pre class="source">-0.04808451539164242
				8293	</pre></div></div>
				8294	</li>
				8295	</ul></div>
				8296	<div class="section">
				8297	<h3><a name="array_kurtosis"></a>array_kurtosis</h3>
				8298	<ul>
				8299
				8300	<li>
				8301
				8302	<p>Syntax:</p>
				8303
				8304	<div>
				8305	<div>
				8306	<pre class="source">array_kurtosis(num_collection)
				8307	</pre></div></div>
				8308	</li>
				8309	<li>
				8310
				8311	<p>Gets the kurtosis value from the normal distribution of the non-null and non-missing numeric items in the given collection.</p>
				8312	</li>
				8313	<li>Arguments:
				8314	<ul>
				8315
				8316	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				8317	<ul>
				8318
				8319	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> containing numeric values, <tt>null</tt>s or <tt>missing</tt>s,</li>
				8320	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				8321	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				8322	</ul>
				8323	</li>
				8324	</ul>
				8325	</li>
				8326	<li>Return Value:
				8327	<ul>
				8328
				8329	<li>a <tt>double</tt> value representing the kurtosis from a normal distribution of the non-null and non-missing numbers in the given collection,</li>
				8330	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				8331	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the given collection does not contain any non-null and non-missing items,</li>
				8332	<li>any other non-array and non-multiset input value will cause a type error,</li>
				8333	<li>any other non-numeric value in the input collection will cause a type error.</li>
				8334	</ul>
				8335	</li>
				8336	<li>
				8337
				8338	<p>Example:</p>
				8339
				8340	<div>
				8341	<div>
				8342	<pre class="source">array_kurtosis( [1.2, 2.3, 3.4, 0, null] );
				8343	</pre></div></div>
				8344	</li>
				8345	<li>
				8346
				8347	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				8348
				8349	<div>
				8350	<div>
				8351	<pre class="source">-1.342049701096427
				8352	</pre></div></div>
				8353	</li>
				8354	</ul></div>
				8355	<div class="section">
				8356	<h3><a name="strict_count"></a>strict_count</h3>
				8357	<ul>
				8358
				8359	<li>
				8360
				8361	<p>Syntax:</p>
				8362
				8363	<div>
				8364	<div>
				8365	<pre class="source">strict_count(collection)
				8366	</pre></div></div>
				8367	</li>
				8368	<li>
				8369
				8370	<p>Gets the number of items in the given collection.</p>
				8371	</li>
				8372	<li>Arguments:
				8373	<ul>
				8374
				8375	<li><tt>collection</tt> could be:
				8376	<ul>
				8377
				8378	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> containing the items to be counted,</li>
				8379	<li>or a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				8380	<li>or a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				8381	</ul>
				8382	</li>
				8383	</ul>
				8384	</li>
				8385	<li>Return Value:
				8386	<ul>
				8387
				8388	<li>a <tt>bigint</tt> value representing the number of items in the given collection,</li>
				8389	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>.</li>
				8390	</ul>
				8391	</li>
				8392	<li>
				8393
				8394	<p>Example:</p>
				8395
				8396	<div>
				8397	<div>
				8398	<pre class="source">strict_count( [1, 2, null, missing] );
				8399	</pre></div></div>
				8400	</li>
				8401	<li>
				8402
				8403	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				8404
				8405	<div>
				8406	<div>
				8407	<pre class="source">4
				8408	</pre></div></div>
				8409	</li>
				8410	</ul></div>
				8411	<div class="section">
				8412	<h3><a name="strict_avg"></a>strict_avg</h3>
				8413	<ul>
				8414
				8415	<li>
				8416
				8417	<p>Syntax:</p>
				8418
				8419	<div>
				8420	<div>
				8421	<pre class="source">strict_avg(num_collection)
				8422	</pre></div></div>
				8423	</li>
				8424	<li>
				8425
				8426	<p>Gets the average value of the numeric items in the given collection.</p>
				8427	</li>
				8428	<li>Arguments:
				8429	<ul>
				8430
				8431	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				8432	<ul>
				8433
				8434	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> containing numeric values, <tt>null</tt>s or <tt>missing</tt>s,</li>
				8435	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				8436	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				8437	</ul>
				8438	</li>
				8439	</ul>
				8440	</li>
				8441	<li>Return Value:
				8442	<ul>
				8443
				8444	<li>a <tt>double</tt> value representing the average of the numbers in the given collection,</li>
				8445	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				8446	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if there is a <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt> in the input collection,</li>
				8447	<li>any other non-numeric value in the input collection will cause a type error.</li>
				8448	</ul>
				8449	</li>
				8450	<li>
				8451
				8452	<p>Example:</p>
				8453
				8454	<div>
				8455	<div>
				8456	<pre class="source">strict_avg( [100, 200, 300] );
				8457	</pre></div></div>
				8458	</li>
				8459	<li>
				8460
				8461	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				8462
				8463	<div>
				8464	<div>
				8465	<pre class="source">200.0
				8466	</pre></div></div>
				8467	</li>
				8468	</ul></div>
				8469	<div class="section">
				8470	<h3><a name="strict_sum"></a>strict_sum</h3>
				8471	<ul>
				8472
				8473	<li>
				8474
				8475	<p>Syntax:</p>
				8476
				8477	<div>
				8478	<div>
				8479	<pre class="source">strict_sum(num_collection)
				8480	</pre></div></div>
				8481	</li>
				8482	<li>
				8483
				8484	<p>Gets the sum of the items in the given collection.</p>
				8485	</li>
				8486	<li>Arguments:
				8487	<ul>
				8488
				8489	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				8490	<ul>
				8491
				8492	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> containing numeric values, <tt>null</tt>s or <tt>missing</tt>s,</li>
				8493	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				8494	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				8495	</ul>
				8496	</li>
				8497	</ul>
				8498	</li>
				8499	<li>Return Value:
				8500	<ul>
				8501
				8502	<li>the sum of the numbers in the given collection. The returning type is decided by the item type with the highest order in the numeric type promotion order (<tt>tinyint</tt>-> <tt>smallint</tt>-><tt>integer</tt>-><tt>bigint</tt>-><tt>float</tt>-><tt>double</tt>) among items.</li>
				8503	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				8504	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if there is a <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt> in the input collection,</li>
				8505	<li>any other non-numeric value in the input collection will cause a type error.</li>
				8506	</ul>
				8507	</li>
				8508	<li>
				8509
				8510	<p>Example:</p>
				8511
				8512	<div>
				8513	<div>
				8514	<pre class="source">strict_sum( [100, 200, 300] );
				8515	</pre></div></div>
				8516	</li>
				8517	<li>
				8518
				8519	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				8520
				8521	<div>
				8522	<div>
				8523	<pre class="source">600
				8524	</pre></div></div>
				8525	</li>
				8526	</ul></div>
				8527	<div class="section">
				8528	<h3><a name="strict_min"></a>strict_min</h3>
				8529	<ul>
				8530
				8531	<li>
				8532
				8533	<p>Syntax:</p>
				8534
				8535	<div>
				8536	<div>
				8537	<pre class="source">strict_min(num_collection)
				8538	</pre></div></div>
				8539	</li>
				8540	<li>
				8541
				8542	<p>Gets the min value of comparable items in the given collection.</p>
				8543	</li>
				8544	<li>Arguments:
				8545	<ul>
				8546
				8547	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				8548	<ul>
				8549
				8550	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt>,</li>
				8551	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				8552	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				8553	</ul>
				8554	</li>
				8555	</ul>
				8556	</li>
				8557	<li>Return Value:
				8558	<ul>
				8559
				8560	<li>the min value of the given collection. The returning type is decided by the item type with the highest order in the type promotion order (<tt>tinyint</tt>-> <tt>smallint</tt>-><tt>integer</tt>-><tt>bigint</tt>-><tt>float</tt>-><tt>double</tt>) among numeric items.</li>
				8561	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				8562	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if there is a <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt> in the input collection,</li>
				8563	<li>multiple incomparable items in the input array or multiset will cause a type error,</li>
				8564	<li>any other non-array and non-multiset input value will cause a type error.</li>
				8565	</ul>
				8566	</li>
				8567	<li>
				8568
				8569	<p>Example:</p>
				8570
				8571	<div>
				8572	<div>
				8573	<pre class="source">strict_min( [10.2, 100, 5] );
				8574	</pre></div></div>
				8575	</li>
				8576	<li>
				8577
				8578	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				8579
				8580	<div>
				8581	<div>
				8582	<pre class="source">5.0
				8583	</pre></div></div>
				8584	</li>
				8585	</ul></div>
				8586	<div class="section">
				8587	<h3><a name="strict_max"></a>strict_max</h3>
				8588	<ul>
				8589
				8590	<li>
				8591
				8592	<p>Syntax:</p>
				8593
				8594	<div>
				8595	<div>
				8596	<pre class="source">strict_max(num_collection)
				8597	</pre></div></div>
				8598	</li>
				8599	<li>
				8600
				8601	<p>Gets the max value of numeric items in the given collection.</p>
				8602	</li>
				8603	<li>Arguments:
				8604	<ul>
				8605
				8606	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				8607	<ul>
				8608
				8609	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt>,</li>
				8610	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				8611	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				8612	</ul>
				8613	</li>
				8614	</ul>
				8615	</li>
				8616	<li>Return Value:
				8617	<ul>
				8618
				8619	<li>The max value of the given collection. The returning type is decided by the item type with the highest order in the type promotion order (<tt>tinyint</tt>-> <tt>smallint</tt>-><tt>integer</tt>-><tt>bigint</tt>-><tt>float</tt>-><tt>double</tt>) among numeric items.</li>
				8620	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				8621	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if there is a <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt> in the input collection,</li>
				8622	<li>multiple incomparable items in the input array or multiset will cause a type error,</li>
				8623	<li>any other non-array and non-multiset input value will cause a type error.</li>
				8624	</ul>
				8625	</li>
				8626	<li>
				8627
				8628	<p>Example:</p>
				8629
				8630	<div>
				8631	<div>
				8632	<pre class="source">strict_max( [10.2, 100, 5] );
				8633	</pre></div></div>
				8634	</li>
				8635	<li>
				8636
				8637	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				8638
				8639	<div>
				8640	<div>
				8641	<pre class="source">100.0
				8642	</pre></div></div>
				8643	</li>
				8644	</ul></div>
				8645	<div class="section">
				8646	<h3><a name="strict_stddev_samp"></a>strict_stddev_samp</h3>
				8647	<ul>
				8648
				8649	<li>
				8650
				8651	<p>Syntax:</p>
				8652
				8653	<div>
				8654	<div>
				8655	<pre class="source">strict_stddev_samp(num_collection)
				8656	</pre></div></div>
				8657	</li>
				8658	<li>
				8659
				8660	<p>Gets the sample standard deviation value of the numeric items in the given collection.</p>
				8661	</li>
				8662	<li>Arguments:
				8663	<ul>
				8664
				8665	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				8666	<ul>
				8667
				8668	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> containing numeric values, <tt>null</tt>s or <tt>missing</tt>s,</li>
				8669	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				8670	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				8671	</ul>
				8672	</li>
				8673	</ul>
				8674	</li>
				8675	<li>Return Value:
				8676	<ul>
				8677
				8678	<li>a <tt>double</tt> value representing the sample standard deviation of the numbers in the given collection,</li>
				8679	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				8680	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if there is a <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt> in the input collection,</li>
				8681	<li>any other non-numeric value in the input collection will cause a type error.</li>
				8682	</ul>
				8683	</li>
				8684	<li>
				8685
				8686	<p>Example:</p>
				8687
				8688	<div>
				8689	<div>
				8690	<pre class="source">strict_stddev_samp( [100, 200, 300] );
				8691	</pre></div></div>
				8692	</li>
				8693	<li>
				8694
				8695	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				8696
				8697	<div>
				8698	<div>
				8699	<pre class="source">100.0
				8700	</pre></div></div>
				8701	</li>
				8702	</ul></div>
				8703	<div class="section">
				8704	<h3><a name="strict_stddev_pop"></a>strict_stddev_pop</h3>
				8705	<ul>
				8706
				8707	<li>
				8708
				8709	<p>Syntax:</p>
				8710
				8711	<div>
				8712	<div>
				8713	<pre class="source">strict_stddev_pop(num_collection)
				8714	</pre></div></div>
				8715	</li>
				8716	<li>
				8717
				8718	<p>Gets the population standard deviation value of the numeric items in the given collection.</p>
				8719	</li>
				8720	<li>Arguments:
				8721	<ul>
				8722
				8723	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				8724	<ul>
				8725
				8726	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> containing numeric values, <tt>null</tt>s or <tt>missing</tt>s,</li>
				8727	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				8728	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				8729	</ul>
				8730	</li>
				8731	</ul>
				8732	</li>
				8733	<li>Return Value:
				8734	<ul>
				8735
				8736	<li>a <tt>double</tt> value representing the population standard deviation of the numbers in the given collection,</li>
				8737	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				8738	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if there is a <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt> in the input collection,</li>
				8739	<li>any other non-numeric value in the input collection will cause a type error.</li>
				8740	</ul>
				8741	</li>
				8742	<li>
				8743
				8744	<p>Example:</p>
				8745
				8746	<div>
				8747	<div>
				8748	<pre class="source">strict_stddev_pop( [100, 200, 300] );
				8749	</pre></div></div>
				8750	</li>
				8751	<li>
				8752
				8753	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				8754
				8755	<div>
				8756	<div>
				8757	<pre class="source">81.64965809277261
				8758	</pre></div></div>
				8759	</li>
				8760	</ul></div>
				8761	<div class="section">
				8762	<h3><a name="strict_var_samp"></a>strict_var_samp</h3>
				8763	<ul>
				8764
				8765	<li>
				8766
				8767	<p>Syntax:</p>
				8768
				8769	<div>
				8770	<div>
				8771	<pre class="source">strict_var_samp(num_collection)
				8772	</pre></div></div>
				8773	</li>
				8774	<li>
				8775
				8776	<p>Gets the sample variance value of the numeric items in the given collection.</p>
				8777	</li>
				8778	<li>Arguments:
				8779	<ul>
				8780
				8781	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				8782	<ul>
				8783
				8784	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> containing numeric values, <tt>null</tt>s or <tt>missing</tt>s,</li>
				8785	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				8786	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				8787	</ul>
				8788	</li>
				8789	</ul>
				8790	</li>
				8791	<li>Return Value:
				8792	<ul>
				8793
				8794	<li>a <tt>double</tt> value representing the sample variance of the numbers in the given collection,</li>
				8795	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				8796	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if there is a <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt> in the input collection,</li>
				8797	<li>any other non-numeric value in the input collection will cause a type error.</li>
				8798	</ul>
				8799	</li>
				8800	<li>
				8801
				8802	<p>Example:</p>
				8803
				8804	<div>
				8805	<div>
				8806	<pre class="source">strict_var_samp( [100, 200, 300] );
				8807	</pre></div></div>
				8808	</li>
				8809	<li>
				8810
				8811	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				8812
				8813	<div>
				8814	<div>
				8815	<pre class="source">10000.0
				8816	</pre></div></div>
				8817	</li>
				8818	</ul></div>
				8819	<div class="section">
				8820	<h3><a name="strict_var_pop"></a>strict_var_pop</h3>
				8821	<ul>
				8822
				8823	<li>
				8824
				8825	<p>Syntax:</p>
				8826
				8827	<div>
				8828	<div>
				8829	<pre class="source">strict_var_pop(num_collection)
				8830	</pre></div></div>
				8831	</li>
				8832	<li>
				8833
				8834	<p>Gets the population variance value of the numeric items in the given collection.</p>
				8835	</li>
				8836	<li>Arguments:
				8837	<ul>
				8838
				8839	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				8840	<ul>
				8841
				8842	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> containing numeric values, <tt>null</tt>s or <tt>missing</tt>s,</li>
				8843	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				8844	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				8845	</ul>
				8846	</li>
				8847	</ul>
				8848	</li>
				8849	<li>Return Value:
				8850	<ul>
				8851
				8852	<li>a <tt>double</tt> value representing the population variance of the numbers in the given collection,</li>
				8853	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				8854	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if there is a <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt> in the input collection,</li>
				8855	<li>any other non-numeric value in the input collection will cause a type error.</li>
				8856	</ul>
				8857	</li>
				8858	<li>
				8859
				8860	<p>Example:</p>
				8861
				8862	<div>
				8863	<div>
				8864	<pre class="source">strict_var_pop( [100, 200, 300] );
				8865	</pre></div></div>
				8866	</li>
				8867	<li>
				8868
				8869	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				8870
				8871	<div>
				8872	<div>
				8873	<pre class="source">6666.666666666667
				8874	</pre></div></div>
				8875	</li>
				8876	</ul></div>
				8877	<div class="section">
				8878	<h3><a name="strict_skewness"></a>strict_skewness</h3>
				8879	<ul>
				8880
				8881	<li>
				8882
				8883	<p>Syntax:</p>
				8884
				8885	<div>
				8886	<div>
				8887	<pre class="source">strict_skewness(num_collection)
				8888	</pre></div></div>
				8889	</li>
				8890	<li>
				8891
				8892	<p>Gets the skewness value of the numeric items in the given collection.</p>
				8893	</li>
				8894	<li>Arguments:
				8895	<ul>
				8896
				8897	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				8898	<ul>
				8899
				8900	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> containing numeric values, <tt>null</tt>s or <tt>missing</tt>s,</li>
				8901	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				8902	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				8903	</ul>
				8904	</li>
				8905	</ul>
				8906	</li>
				8907	<li>Return Value:
				8908	<ul>
				8909
				8910	<li>a <tt>double</tt> value representing the skewness of the numbers in the given collection,</li>
				8911	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				8912	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if there is a <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt> in the input collection,</li>
				8913	<li>any other non-numeric value in the input collection will cause a type error.</li>
				8914	</ul>
				8915	</li>
				8916	<li>
				8917
				8918	<p>Example:</p>
				8919
				8920	<div>
				8921	<div>
				8922	<pre class="source">strict_skewness( [100, 200, 300] );
				8923	</pre></div></div>
				8924	</li>
				8925	<li>
				8926
				8927	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				8928
				8929	<div>
				8930	<div>
				8931	<pre class="source">0.0
				8932	</pre></div></div>
				8933	</li>
				8934	</ul></div>
				8935	<div class="section">
				8936	<h3><a name="strict_kurtosis"></a>strict_kurtosis</h3>
				8937	<ul>
				8938
				8939	<li>
				8940
				8941	<p>Syntax:</p>
				8942
				8943	<div>
				8944	<div>
				8945	<pre class="source">strict_kurtosis(num_collection)
				8946	</pre></div></div>
				8947	</li>
				8948	<li>
				8949
				8950	<p>Gets the kurtosis value from the normal distribution of the numeric items in the given collection.</p>
				8951	</li>
				8952	<li>Arguments:
				8953	<ul>
				8954
				8955	<li><tt>num_collection</tt> could be:
				8956	<ul>
				8957
				8958	<li>an <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> containing numeric values, <tt>null</tt>s or <tt>missing</tt>s,</li>
				8959	<li>or, a <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				8960	<li>or, a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				8961	</ul>
				8962	</li>
				8963	</ul>
				8964	</li>
				8965	<li>Return Value:
				8966	<ul>
				8967
				8968	<li>a <tt>double</tt> value representing the kurtosis from a normal distribution of the numbers in the given collection,</li>
				8969	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if the input is <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>,</li>
				8970	<li><tt>null</tt> is returned if there is a <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt> in the input collection,</li>
				8971	<li>any other non-numeric value in the input collection will cause a type error.</li>
				8972	</ul>
				8973	</li>
				8974	<li>
				8975
				8976	<p>Example:</p>
				8977
				8978	<div>
				8979	<div>
				8980	<pre class="source">strict_kurtosis( [100, 200, 300] );
				8981	</pre></div></div>
				8982	</li>
				8983	<li>
				8984
				8985	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				8986
				8987	<div>
				8988	<div>
				8989	<pre class="source">-1.5
				8990	</pre></div></div>
				8991	</li>
				8992	</ul><!--
				8993	! Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
				8994	! or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
				8995	! distributed with this work for additional information
				8996	! regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
				8997	! to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
				8998	! "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
				8999	! with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
				9000	!
				9001	! http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
				9002	!
				9003	! Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
				9004	! software distributed under the License is distributed on an
				9005	! "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
				9006	! KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
				9007	! specific language governing permissions and limitations
				9008	! under the License.
				9009	!-->
				9010	</div></div>
				9011	<div class="section">
				9012	<h2><a name="Comparison_Functions"></a><a name="ComparisonFunctions" id="ComparisonFunctions">Comparison Functions</a></h2>
				9013	<div class="section">
				9014	<h3><a name="greatest"></a>greatest</h3>
				9015	<ul>
				9016
				9017	<li>
				9018
				9019	<p>Syntax:</p>
				9020
				9021	<div>
				9022	<div>
				9023	<pre class="source">greatest(numeric_value1, numeric_value2, ...)
				9024	</pre></div></div>
				9025	</li>
				9026	<li>
				9027
				9028	<p>Computes the greatest value among arguments.</p>
				9029	</li>
				9030	<li>Arguments:
				9031	<ul>
				9032
				9033	<li><tt>numeric_value1</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value,</li>
				9034	<li><tt>numeric_value2</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value,</li>
				9035	<li>….</li>
				9036	</ul>
				9037	</li>
				9038	<li>Return Value:
				9039	<ul>
				9040
				9041	<li>the greatest values among arguments. The returning type is decided by the item type with the highest order in the numeric type promotion order (<tt>tinyint</tt>-> <tt>smallint</tt>-><tt>integer</tt>-><tt>bigint</tt>-><tt>float</tt>-><tt>double</tt>) among items.</li>
				9042	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value or <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				9043	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				9044	</ul>
				9045	</li>
				9046	<li>
				9047
				9048	<p>Example:</p>
				9049
				9050	<div>
				9051	<div>
				9052	<pre class="source">{ "v1": greatest(1, 2, 3), "v2": greatest(float("0.5"), double("-0.5"), 5000) };
				9053	</pre></div></div>
				9054	</li>
				9055	<li>
				9056
				9057	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				9058
				9059	<div>
				9060	<div>
				9061	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 3, "v2": 5000.0 }
				9062	</pre></div></div>
				9063	</li>
				9064	</ul></div>
				9065	<div class="section">
				9066	<h3><a name="least"></a>least</h3>
				9067	<ul>
				9068
				9069	<li>
				9070
				9071	<p>Syntax:</p>
				9072
				9073	<div>
				9074	<div>
				9075	<pre class="source">least(numeric_value1, numeric_value2, ...)
				9076	</pre></div></div>
				9077	</li>
				9078	<li>
				9079
				9080	<p>Computes the least value among arguments.</p>
				9081	</li>
				9082	<li>Arguments:
				9083	<ul>
				9084
				9085	<li><tt>numeric_value1</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value,</li>
				9086	<li><tt>numeric_value2</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value,</li>
				9087	<li>….</li>
				9088	</ul>
				9089	</li>
				9090	<li>Return Value:
				9091	<ul>
				9092
				9093	<li>the least values among arguments. The returning type is decided by the item type with the highest order in the numeric type promotion order (<tt>tinyint</tt>-> <tt>smallint</tt>-><tt>integer</tt>-><tt>bigint</tt>-><tt>float</tt>-><tt>double</tt>) among items.</li>
				9094	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value or <tt>null</tt> value,</li>
				9095	<li>any other non-numeric input value will cause a type error.</li>
				9096	</ul>
				9097	</li>
				9098	<li>
				9099
				9100	<p>Example:</p>
				9101
				9102	<div>
				9103	<div>
				9104	<pre class="source">{ "v1": least(1, 2, 3), "v2": least(float("0.5"), double("-0.5"), 5000) };
				9105	</pre></div></div>
				9106	</li>
				9107	<li>
				9108
				9109	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				9110
				9111	<div>
				9112	<div>
				9113	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 1, "v2": -0.5 }
				9114	</pre></div></div>
				9115	</li>
				9116	</ul><!--
				9117	! Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
				9118	! or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
				9119	! distributed with this work for additional information
				9120	! regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
				9121	! to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
				9122	! "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
				9123	! with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
				9124	!
				9125	! http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
				9126	!
				9127	! Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
				9128	! software distributed under the License is distributed on an
				9129	! "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
				9130	! KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
				9131	! specific language governing permissions and limitations
				9132	! under the License.
				9133	!-->
				9134	</div></div>
				9135	<div class="section">
				9136	<h2><a name="Type_Functions"></a><a name="TypeFunctions" id="TypeFunctions">Type Functions</a></h2>
				9137	<div class="section">
				9138	<h3><a name="get_type"></a>get_type</h3>
				9139	<ul>
				9140
				9141	<li>
				9142
				9143	<p>Syntax:</p>
				9144
				9145	<div>
				9146	<div>
				9147	<pre class="source">get_type(expr)
				9148	</pre></div></div>
				9149	</li>
				9150	<li>
				9151
				9152	<p>Returns a string describing the type of the given <tt>expr</tt>. This includes incomplete information types (i.e. <tt>missing</tt> and <tt>null</tt>).</p>
				9153	</li>
				9154	<li>Arguments:
				9155	<ul>
				9156
				9157	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				9158	</ul>
				9159	</li>
				9160	<li>
				9161
				9162	<p>Example:</p>
				9163
				9164	<div>
				9165	<div>
				9166	<pre class="source">{
				9167	"a": get_type(true),
				9168	"b": get_type(false),
				9169	"c": get_type(null),
				9170	"d": get_type(missing),
				9171	"e": get_type("d"),
				9172	"f": gettype(4.0),
				9173	"g": gettype(5),
				9174	"h": gettype(["1", 2]),
				9175	"i": gettype({"a":1})
				9176	};
				9177	</pre></div></div>
				9178	</li>
				9179	<li>
				9180
				9181	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				9182
				9183	<div>
				9184	<div>
				9185	<pre class="source">{ "a": "boolean", "b": "boolean", "c": "null", "d": "missing", "e": "string", "f": "double", "g": "bigint", "h": "array", "i": "object" }
				9186	</pre></div></div>
				9187	</li>
				9188	</ul>
				9189	<p>The function has an alias <tt>gettype</tt>.</p></div>
				9190	<div class="section">
				9191	<h3><a name="is_array"></a>is_array</h3>
				9192	<ul>
				9193
				9194	<li>
				9195
				9196	<p>Syntax:</p>
				9197
				9198	<div>
				9199	<div>
				9200	<pre class="source">is_array(expr)
				9201	</pre></div></div>
				9202	</li>
				9203	<li>
				9204
				9205	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be an <tt>array</tt> value.</p>
				9206	</li>
				9207	<li>Arguments:
				9208	<ul>
				9209
				9210	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				9211	</ul>
				9212	</li>
				9213	<li>Return Value:
				9214	<ul>
				9215
				9216	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is an <tt>array</tt> value or not,</li>
				9217	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				9218	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				9219	</ul>
				9220	</li>
				9221	<li>
				9222
				9223	<p>Example:</p>
				9224
				9225	<div>
				9226	<div>
				9227	<pre class="source">{
				9228	"a": is_array(true),
				9229	"b": is_array(false),
				9230	"c": isarray(null),
				9231	"d": isarray(missing),
				9232	"e": isarray("d"),
				9233	"f": isarray(4.0),
				9234	"g": isarray(5),
				9235	"h": isarray(["1", 2]),
				9236	"i": isarray({"a":1})
				9237	};
				9238	</pre></div></div>
				9239	</li>
				9240	<li>
				9241
				9242	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				9243
				9244	<div>
				9245	<div>
				9246	<pre class="source">{ "a": false, "b": false, "c": null, "e": false, "f": false, "g": false, "h": true, "i": false }
				9247	</pre></div></div>
				9248	</li>
				9249	</ul>
				9250	<p>The function has an alias <tt>isarray</tt>.</p></div>
				9251	<div class="section">
				9252	<h3><a name="is_multiset"></a>is_multiset</h3>
				9253	<ul>
				9254
				9255	<li>
				9256
				9257	<p>Syntax:</p>
				9258
				9259	<div>
				9260	<div>
				9261	<pre class="source">is_multiset(expr)
				9262	</pre></div></div>
				9263	</li>
				9264	<li>
				9265
				9266	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be an <tt>multiset</tt> value.</p>
				9267	</li>
				9268	<li>Arguments:
				9269	<ul>
				9270
				9271	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				9272	</ul>
				9273	</li>
				9274	<li>Return Value:
				9275	<ul>
				9276
				9277	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is an <tt>multiset</tt> value or not,</li>
				9278	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				9279	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				9280	</ul>
				9281	</li>
				9282	<li>
				9283
				9284	<p>Example:</p>
				9285
				9286	<div>
				9287	<div>
				9288	<pre class="source">{
				9289	"a": is_multiset(true),
				9290	"b": is_multiset(false),
				9291	"c": is_multiset(null),
				9292	"d": is_multiset(missing),
				9293	"e": is_multiset("d"),
				9294	"f": ismultiset(4.0),
				9295	"g": ismultiset(["1", 2]),
				9296	"h": ismultiset({"a":1}),
				9297	"i": ismultiset({{"hello", 9328, "world", [1, 2, null]}})
				9298	};
				9299	</pre></div></div>
				9300	</li>
				9301	<li>
				9302
				9303	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				9304
				9305	<div>
				9306	<div>
				9307	<pre class="source">{ "a": false, "b": false, "c": null, "e": false, "f": false, "g": false, "h": false, "i": true }
				9308	</pre></div></div>
				9309	</li>
				9310	</ul>
				9311	<p>The function has an alias <tt>ismultiset</tt>.</p></div>
				9312	<div class="section">
				9313	<h3><a name="is_atomic_.28is_atom.29"></a>is_atomic (is_atom)</h3>
				9314	<ul>
				9315
				9316	<li>
				9317
				9318	<p>Syntax:</p>
				9319
				9320	<div>
				9321	<div>
				9322	<pre class="source">is_atomic(expr)
				9323	</pre></div></div>
				9324	</li>
				9325	<li>
				9326
				9327	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a value of a <a href="../datamodel.html#PrimitiveTypes">primitive</a> type.</p>
				9328	</li>
				9329	<li>Arguments:
				9330	<ul>
				9331
				9332	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				9333	</ul>
				9334	</li>
				9335	<li>Return Value:
				9336	<ul>
				9337
				9338	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a primitive type or not,</li>
				9339	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				9340	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				9341	</ul>
				9342	</li>
				9343	<li>
				9344
				9345	<p>Example:</p>
				9346
				9347	<div>
				9348	<div>
				9349	<pre class="source">{
				9350	"a": is_atomic(true),
				9351	"b": is_atomic(false),
				9352	"c": isatomic(null),
				9353	"d": isatomic(missing),
				9354	"e": isatomic("d"),
				9355	"f": isatom(4.0),
				9356	"g": isatom(5),
				9357	"h": isatom(["1", 2]),
				9358	"i": isatom({"a":1})
				9359	};
				9360	</pre></div></div>
				9361	</li>
				9362	<li>
				9363
				9364	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				9365
				9366	<div>
				9367	<div>
				9368	<pre class="source">{ "a": true, "b": true, "c": null, "e": true, "f": true, "g": true, "h": false, "i": false }
				9369	</pre></div></div>
				9370	</li>
				9371	</ul>
				9372	<p>The function has three aliases: <tt>isatomic</tt>, <tt>is_atom</tt>, and <tt>isatom</tt>.</p></div>
				9373	<div class="section">
				9374	<h3><a name="is_boolean_.28is_bool.29"></a>is_boolean (is_bool)</h3>
				9375	<ul>
				9376
				9377	<li>
				9378
				9379	<p>Syntax:</p>
				9380
				9381	<div>
				9382	<div>
				9383	<pre class="source">is_boolean(expr)
				9384	</pre></div></div>
				9385	</li>
				9386	<li>
				9387
				9388	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a <tt>boolean</tt> value.</p>
				9389	</li>
				9390	<li>Arguments:
				9391	<ul>
				9392
				9393	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				9394	</ul>
				9395	</li>
				9396	<li>Return Value:
				9397	<ul>
				9398
				9399	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a <tt>boolean</tt> value or not,</li>
				9400	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				9401	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				9402	</ul>
				9403	</li>
				9404	<li>
				9405
				9406	<p>Example:</p>
				9407
				9408	<div>
				9409	<div>
				9410	<pre class="source">{
				9411	"a": isboolean(true),
				9412	"b": isboolean(false),
				9413	"c": is_boolean(null),
				9414	"d": is_boolean(missing),
				9415	"e": isbool("d"),
				9416	"f": isbool(4.0),
				9417	"g": isbool(5),
				9418	"h": isbool(["1", 2]),
				9419	"i": isbool({"a":1})
				9420	};
				9421	</pre></div></div>
				9422	</li>
				9423	<li>
				9424
				9425	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				9426
				9427	<div>
				9428	<div>
				9429	<pre class="source">{ "a": true, "b": true, "c": null, "e": false, "f": false, "g": false, "h": false, "i": false }
				9430	</pre></div></div>
				9431	</li>
				9432	</ul>
				9433	<p>The function has three aliases: <tt>isboolean</tt>, <tt>is_bool</tt>, and <tt>isbool</tt>.</p></div>
				9434	<div class="section">
				9435	<h3><a name="is_binary_.28is_bin.29"></a>is_binary (is_bin)</h3>
				9436	<ul>
				9437
				9438	<li>
				9439
				9440	<p>Syntax:</p>
				9441
				9442	<div>
				9443	<div>
				9444	<pre class="source">is_binary(expr)
				9445	</pre></div></div>
				9446	</li>
				9447	<li>
				9448
				9449	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a <tt>binary</tt> value.</p>
				9450	</li>
				9451	<li>Arguments:
				9452	<ul>
				9453
				9454	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				9455	</ul>
				9456	</li>
				9457	<li>Return Value:
				9458	<ul>
				9459
				9460	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a <tt>binary</tt> value or not,</li>
				9461	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				9462	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				9463	</ul>
				9464	</li>
				9465	<li>
				9466
				9467	<p>Example:</p>
				9468
				9469	<div>
				9470	<div>
				9471	<pre class="source">{
				9472	"a": is_binary(true),
				9473	"b": is_binary(false),
				9474	"c": isbinary(null),
				9475	"d": isbinary(missing),
				9476	"e": isbin(point("1,2")),
				9477	"f": isbin(hex("ABCDEF0123456789")),
				9478	"g": is_bin(sub_binary(hex("AABBCCDD"), 4)),
				9479	"h": is_bin(2),
				9480	"i": is_bin({"a":1})
				9481	};
				9482	</pre></div></div>
				9483	</li>
				9484	<li>
				9485
				9486	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				9487
				9488	<div>
				9489	<div>
				9490	<pre class="source">{ "a": false, "b": false, "c": null, "e": false, "f": true, "g": true, "h": false, "i": false }
				9491	</pre></div></div>
				9492	</li>
				9493	</ul>
				9494	<p>The function has three aliases: <tt>isbinary</tt>, <tt>is_bin</tt>, and <tt>isbin</tt>.</p></div>
				9495	<div class="section">
				9496	<h3><a name="is_number_.28is_num.29"></a>is_number (is_num)</h3>
				9497	<ul>
				9498
				9499	<li>
				9500
				9501	<p>Syntax:</p>
				9502
				9503	<div>
				9504	<div>
				9505	<pre class="source">is_number(expr)
				9506	</pre></div></div>
				9507	</li>
				9508	<li>
				9509
				9510	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a numeric value.</p>
				9511	</li>
				9512	<li>Arguments:
				9513	<ul>
				9514
				9515	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				9516	</ul>
				9517	</li>
				9518	<li>Return Value:
				9519	<ul>
				9520
				9521	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a <tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value or not,</li>
				9522	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				9523	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				9524	</ul>
				9525	</li>
				9526	<li>
				9527
				9528	<p>Example:</p>
				9529
				9530	<div>
				9531	<div>
				9532	<pre class="source">{
				9533	"a": is_number(true),
				9534	"b": is_number(false),
				9535	"c": isnumber(null),
				9536	"d": isnumber(missing),
				9537	"e": isnumber("d"),
				9538	"f": isnum(4.0),
				9539	"g": isnum(5),
				9540	"h": isnum(["1", 2]),
				9541	"i": isnum({"a":1})
				9542	};
				9543	</pre></div></div>
				9544	</li>
				9545	<li>
				9546
				9547	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				9548
				9549	<div>
				9550	<div>
				9551	<pre class="source">{ "a": false, "b": false, "c": null, "e": false, "f": true, "g": true, "h": false, "i": false }
				9552	</pre></div></div>
				9553	</li>
				9554	</ul>
				9555	<p>The function has three aliases: <tt>isnumber</tt>, <tt>is_num</tt>, and <tt>isnum</tt>.</p></div>
				9556	<div class="section">
				9557	<h3><a name="is_point"></a>is_point</h3>
				9558	<ul>
				9559
				9560	<li>
				9561
				9562	<p>Syntax:</p>
				9563
				9564	<div>
				9565	<div>
				9566	<pre class="source">is_point(expr)
				9567	</pre></div></div>
				9568	</li>
				9569	<li>
				9570
				9571	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a <tt>point</tt> value.</p>
				9572	</li>
				9573	<li>Arguments:
				9574	<ul>
				9575
				9576	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				9577	</ul>
				9578	</li>
				9579	<li>Return Value:
				9580	<ul>
				9581
				9582	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a <tt>point</tt> value or not,</li>
				9583	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				9584	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				9585	</ul>
				9586	</li>
				9587	<li>
				9588
				9589	<p>Example:</p>
				9590
				9591	<div>
				9592	<div>
				9593	<pre class="source">{
				9594	"a": is_point(true),
				9595	"b": is_point(false),
				9596	"c": is_point(null),
				9597	"d": is_point(missing),
				9598	"e": is_point(point("1,2")),
				9599	"f": ispoint(line("30.0,70.0 50.0,90.0")),
				9600	"g": ispoint(rectangle("30.0,70.0 50.0,90.0")),
				9601	"h": ispoint(circle("30.0,70.0 5.0")),
				9602	"i": ispoint(polygon("1.0,1.0 2.0,2.0 3.0,3.0 4.0,4.0")),
				9603	"j": ispoint(3)
				9604	};
				9605	</pre></div></div>
				9606	</li>
				9607	<li>
				9608
				9609	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				9610
				9611	<div>
				9612	<div>
				9613	<pre class="source">{ "a": false, "b": false, "c": null, "e": true, "f": false, "g": false, "h": false, "i": false, "j": false }
				9614	</pre></div></div>
				9615	</li>
				9616	</ul>
				9617	<p>The function has an alias <tt>ispoint</tt>.</p></div>
				9618	<div class="section">
				9619	<h3><a name="is_line"></a>is_line</h3>
				9620	<ul>
				9621
				9622	<li>
				9623
				9624	<p>Syntax:</p>
				9625
				9626	<div>
				9627	<div>
				9628	<pre class="source">is_line(expr)
				9629	</pre></div></div>
				9630	</li>
				9631	<li>
				9632
				9633	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a <tt>line</tt> value.</p>
				9634	</li>
				9635	<li>Arguments:
				9636	<ul>
				9637
				9638	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				9639	</ul>
				9640	</li>
				9641	<li>Return Value:
				9642	<ul>
				9643
				9644	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a <tt>line</tt> value or not,</li>
				9645	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				9646	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				9647	</ul>
				9648	</li>
				9649	<li>
				9650
				9651	<p>Example:</p>
				9652
				9653	<div>
				9654	<div>
				9655	<pre class="source">{
				9656	"a": is_line(true),
				9657	"b": is_line(false),
				9658	"c": is_line(null),
				9659	"d": is_line(missing),
				9660	"e": is_line(point("1,2")),
				9661	"f": isline(line("30.0,70.0 50.0,90.0")),
				9662	"g": isline(rectangle("30.0,70.0 50.0,90.0")),
				9663	"h": isline(circle("30.0,70.0 5.0")),
				9664	"i": isline(polygon("1.0,1.0 2.0,2.0 3.0,3.0 4.0,4.0")),
				9665	"j": isline(3)
				9666	};
				9667	</pre></div></div>
				9668	</li>
				9669	<li>
				9670
				9671	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				9672
				9673	<div>
				9674	<div>
				9675	<pre class="source">{ "a": false, "b": false, "c": null, "e": false, "f": true, "g": false, "h": false, "i": false, "j": false }
				9676	</pre></div></div>
				9677	</li>
				9678	</ul>
				9679	<p>The function has an alias <tt>isline</tt>.</p></div>
				9680	<div class="section">
				9681	<h3><a name="is_rectangle"></a>is_rectangle</h3>
				9682	<ul>
				9683
				9684	<li>
				9685
				9686	<p>Syntax:</p>
				9687
				9688	<div>
				9689	<div>
				9690	<pre class="source">is_rectangle(expr)
				9691	</pre></div></div>
				9692	</li>
				9693	<li>
				9694
				9695	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a <tt>rectangle</tt> value.</p>
				9696	</li>
				9697	<li>Arguments:
				9698	<ul>
				9699
				9700	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				9701	</ul>
				9702	</li>
				9703	<li>Return Value:
				9704	<ul>
				9705
				9706	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a <tt>rectangle</tt> value or not,</li>
				9707	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				9708	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				9709	</ul>
				9710	</li>
				9711	<li>
				9712
				9713	<p>Example:</p>
				9714
				9715	<div>
				9716	<div>
				9717	<pre class="source">{
				9718	"a": is_rectangle(true),
				9719	"b": is_rectangle(false),
				9720	"c": is_rectangle(null),
				9721	"d": is_rectangle(missing),
				9722	"e": is_rectangle(point("1,2")),
				9723	"f": isrectangle(line("30.0,70.0 50.0,90.0")),
				9724	"g": isrectangle(rectangle("30.0,70.0 50.0,90.0")),
				9725	"h": isrectangle(circle("30.0,70.0 5.0")),
				9726	"i": isrectangle(polygon("1.0,1.0 2.0,2.0 3.0,3.0 4.0,4.0")),
				9727	"j": isrectangle(3)
				9728	};
				9729	</pre></div></div>
				9730	</li>
				9731	<li>
				9732
				9733	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				9734
				9735	<div>
				9736	<div>
				9737	<pre class="source">{ "a": false, "b": false, "c": null, "e": false, "f": false, "g": true, "h": false, "i": false, "j": false }
				9738	</pre></div></div>
				9739	</li>
				9740	</ul>
				9741	<p>The function has an alias <tt>isrectangle</tt>.</p></div>
				9742	<div class="section">
				9743	<h3><a name="is_circle"></a>is_circle</h3>
				9744	<ul>
				9745
				9746	<li>
				9747
				9748	<p>Syntax:</p>
				9749
				9750	<div>
				9751	<div>
				9752	<pre class="source">is_circle(expr)
				9753	</pre></div></div>
				9754	</li>
				9755	<li>
				9756
				9757	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a <tt>circle</tt> value.</p>
				9758	</li>
				9759	<li>Arguments:
				9760	<ul>
				9761
				9762	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				9763	</ul>
				9764	</li>
				9765	<li>Return Value:
				9766	<ul>
				9767
				9768	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a <tt>circle</tt> value or not,</li>
				9769	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				9770	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				9771	</ul>
				9772	</li>
				9773	<li>
				9774
				9775	<p>Example:</p>
				9776
				9777	<div>
				9778	<div>
				9779	<pre class="source">{
				9780	"a": is_circle(true),
				9781	"b": is_circle(false),
				9782	"c": is_circle(null),
				9783	"d": is_circle(missing),
				9784	"e": is_circle(point("1,2")),
				9785	"f": iscircle(line("30.0,70.0 50.0,90.0")),
				9786	"g": iscircle(rectangle("30.0,70.0 50.0,90.0")),
				9787	"h": iscircle(circle("30.0,70.0 5.0")),
				9788	"i": iscircle(polygon("1.0,1.0 2.0,2.0 3.0,3.0 4.0,4.0")),
				9789	"j": iscircle(3)
				9790	};
				9791	</pre></div></div>
				9792	</li>
				9793	<li>
				9794
				9795	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				9796
				9797	<div>
				9798	<div>
				9799	<pre class="source">{ "a": false, "b": false, "c": null, "e": false, "f": false, "g": false, "h": true, "i": false, "j": false }
				9800	</pre></div></div>
				9801	</li>
				9802	</ul>
				9803	<p>The function has an alias <tt>iscircle</tt>.</p></div>
				9804	<div class="section">
				9805	<h3><a name="is_polygon"></a>is_polygon</h3>
				9806	<ul>
				9807
				9808	<li>
				9809
				9810	<p>Syntax:</p>
				9811
				9812	<div>
				9813	<div>
				9814	<pre class="source">is_polygon(expr)
				9815	</pre></div></div>
				9816	</li>
				9817	<li>
				9818
				9819	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a <tt>polygon</tt> value.</p>
				9820	</li>
				9821	<li>Arguments:
				9822	<ul>
				9823
				9824	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				9825	</ul>
				9826	</li>
				9827	<li>Return Value:
				9828	<ul>
				9829
				9830	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a <tt>polygon</tt> value or not,</li>
				9831	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				9832	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				9833	</ul>
				9834	</li>
				9835	<li>
				9836
				9837	<p>Example:</p>
				9838
				9839	<div>
				9840	<div>
				9841	<pre class="source">{
				9842	"a": is_polygon(true),
				9843	"b": is_polygon(false),
				9844	"c": is_polygon(null),
				9845	"d": is_polygon(missing),
				9846	"e": is_polygon(point("1,2")),
				9847	"f": ispolygon(line("30.0,70.0 50.0,90.0")),
				9848	"g": ispolygon(rectangle("30.0,70.0 50.0,90.0")),
				9849	"h": ispolygon(circle("30.0,70.0 5.0")),
				9850	"i": ispolygon(polygon("1.0,1.0 2.0,2.0 3.0,3.0 4.0,4.0")),
				9851	"j": ispolygon(3)
				9852	};
				9853	</pre></div></div>
				9854	</li>
				9855	<li>
				9856
				9857	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				9858
				9859	<div>
				9860	<div>
				9861	<pre class="source">{ "a": false, "b": false, "c": null, "e": false, "f": false, "g": false, "h": false, "i": true, "j": false }
				9862	</pre></div></div>
				9863	</li>
				9864	</ul>
				9865	<p>The function has an alias <tt>ispolygon</tt>.</p></div>
				9866	<div class="section">
				9867	<h3><a name="is_spatial"></a>is_spatial</h3>
				9868	<ul>
				9869
				9870	<li>
				9871
				9872	<p>Syntax:</p>
				9873
				9874	<div>
				9875	<div>
				9876	<pre class="source">is_spatial(expr)
				9877	</pre></div></div>
				9878	</li>
				9879	<li>
				9880
				9881	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a spatial value.</p>
				9882	</li>
				9883	<li>Arguments:
				9884	<ul>
				9885
				9886	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				9887	</ul>
				9888	</li>
				9889	<li>Return Value:
				9890	<ul>
				9891
				9892	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a <tt>point</tt>/<tt>line</tt>/<tt>rectangle</tt>/<tt>circle</tt>/<tt>polygon</tt> value or not,</li>
				9893	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				9894	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				9895	</ul>
				9896	</li>
				9897	<li>
				9898
				9899	<p>Example:</p>
				9900
				9901	<div>
				9902	<div>
				9903	<pre class="source">{
				9904	"a": is_spatial(true),
				9905	"b": is_spatial(false),
				9906	"c": is_spatial(null),
				9907	"d": is_spatial(missing),
				9908	"e": is_spatial(point("1,2")),
				9909	"f": isspatial(line("30.0,70.0 50.0,90.0")),
				9910	"g": isspatial(rectangle("30.0,70.0 50.0,90.0")),
				9911	"h": isspatial(circle("30.0,70.0 5.0")),
				9912	"i": isspatial(polygon("1.0,1.0 2.0,2.0 3.0,3.0 4.0,4.0")),
				9913	"j": isspatial(3)
				9914	};
				9915	</pre></div></div>
				9916	</li>
				9917	<li>
				9918
				9919	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				9920
				9921	<div>
				9922	<div>
				9923	<pre class="source">{ "a": false, "b": false, "c": null, "e": true, "f": true, "g": true, "h": true, "i": true, "j": false }
				9924	</pre></div></div>
				9925	</li>
				9926	</ul>
				9927	<p>The function has an alias <tt>isspatial</tt>.</p></div>
				9928	<div class="section">
				9929	<h3><a name="is_date"></a>is_date</h3>
				9930	<ul>
				9931
				9932	<li>
				9933
				9934	<p>Syntax:</p>
				9935
				9936	<div>
				9937	<div>
				9938	<pre class="source">is_date(expr)
				9939	</pre></div></div>
				9940	</li>
				9941	<li>
				9942
				9943	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a <tt>date</tt> value.</p>
				9944	</li>
				9945	<li>Arguments:
				9946	<ul>
				9947
				9948	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				9949	</ul>
				9950	</li>
				9951	<li>Return Value:
				9952	<ul>
				9953
				9954	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a <tt>date</tt> value or not,</li>
				9955	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				9956	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				9957	</ul>
				9958	</li>
				9959	<li>
				9960
				9961	<p>Example:</p>
				9962
				9963	<div>
				9964	<div>
				9965	<pre class="source">{
				9966	"a": is_date(true),
				9967	"b": is_date(false),
				9968	"c": is_date(null),
				9969	"d": is_date(missing),
				9970	"e": is_date(date("-19700101")),
				9971	"f": isdate(date("2013-01-01")),
				9972	"g": isdate(time("12:12:12.039Z")),
				9973	"h": isdate(datetime("2013-01-01T12:12:12.039Z")),
				9974	"i": isdate(duration("P100Y12MT12M")),
				9975	"j": isdate(interval(date("2013-01-01"), date("20130505"))),
				9976	"k": isdate(3)
				9977	};
				9978	</pre></div></div>
				9979	</li>
				9980	<li>
				9981
				9982	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				9983
				9984	<div>
				9985	<div>
				9986	<pre class="source">{ "a": false, "b": false, "c": null, "e": true, "f": true, "g": false, "h": false, "i": false, "j": false, "k": false }
				9987	</pre></div></div>
				9988	</li>
				9989	</ul>
				9990	<p>The function has an alias <tt>isdate</tt>.</p></div>
				9991	<div class="section">
				9992	<h3><a name="is_datetime_.28is_timestamp.29"></a>is_datetime (is_timestamp)</h3>
				9993	<ul>
				9994
				9995	<li>
				9996
				9997	<p>Syntax:</p>
				9998
				9999	<div>
				10000	<div>
				10001	<pre class="source">is_datetime(expr)
				10002	</pre></div></div>
				10003	</li>
				10004	<li>
				10005
				10006	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a <tt>datetime</tt> value.</p>
				10007	</li>
				10008	<li>Arguments:
				10009	<ul>
				10010
				10011	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				10012	</ul>
				10013	</li>
				10014	<li>Return Value:
				10015	<ul>
				10016
				10017	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a <tt>datetime</tt> value or not,</li>
				10018	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				10019	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				10020	</ul>
				10021	</li>
				10022	<li>
				10023
				10024	<p>Example:</p>
				10025
				10026	<div>
				10027	<div>
				10028	<pre class="source">{
				10029	"a": is_datetime(true),
				10030	"b": is_datetime(false),
				10031	"c": is_datetime(null),
				10032	"d": is_datetime(missing),
				10033	"e": is_datetime(datetime("2016-02-02T12:09:22.023Z")),
				10034	"f": isdatetime(datetime("2011-03-03T12:10:42.011Z")),
				10035	"g": isdatetime(time("12:12:12.039Z")),
				10036	"h": is_timestamp(datetime("2013-01-01T12:12:12.039Z")),
				10037	"i": is_timestamp(duration("P100Y12MT12M")),
				10038	"j": istimestamp(interval(date("2013-01-01"), date("20130505"))),
				10039	"k": istimestamp(3)
				10040	};
				10041	</pre></div></div>
				10042	</li>
				10043	<li>
				10044
				10045	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				10046
				10047	<div>
				10048	<div>
				10049	<pre class="source">{ "a": false, "b": false, "c": null, "e": true, "f": true, "g": false, "h": true, "i": false, "j": false, "k": false }
				10050	</pre></div></div>
				10051	</li>
				10052	</ul>
				10053	<p>The function has three aliases: <tt>isdatetime</tt>, <tt>is_timestamp</tt>, and <tt>istimestamp</tt>.</p></div>
				10054	<div class="section">
				10055	<h3><a name="is_time"></a>is_time</h3>
				10056	<ul>
				10057
				10058	<li>
				10059
				10060	<p>Syntax:</p>
				10061
				10062	<div>
				10063	<div>
				10064	<pre class="source">is_time(expr)
				10065	</pre></div></div>
				10066	</li>
				10067	<li>
				10068
				10069	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a <tt>time</tt> value.</p>
				10070	</li>
				10071	<li>Arguments:
				10072	<ul>
				10073
				10074	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				10075	</ul>
				10076	</li>
				10077	<li>Return Value:
				10078	<ul>
				10079
				10080	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a <tt>time</tt> value or not,</li>
				10081	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				10082	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				10083	</ul>
				10084	</li>
				10085	<li>
				10086
				10087	<p>Example:</p>
				10088
				10089	<div>
				10090	<div>
				10091	<pre class="source"> {
				10092	"a": is_time(true),
				10093	"b": is_time(false),
				10094	"c": is_time(null),
				10095	"d": is_time(missing),
				10096	"e": is_time(time("08:00:00.000Z")),
				10097	"f": istime(date("2013-01-01")),
				10098	"g": istime(time("12:12:12.039Z")),
				10099	"h": istime(datetime("2013-01-01T12:12:12.039Z")),
				10100	"i": istime(duration("P100Y12MT12M")),
				10101	"j": istime(interval(date("2013-01-01"), date("20130505"))),
				10102	"k": istime(3)
				10103	};
				10104	</pre></div></div>
				10105	</li>
				10106	<li>
				10107
				10108	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				10109
				10110	<div>
				10111	<div>
				10112	<pre class="source">{ "a": false, "b": false, "c": null, "e": true, "f": false, "g": true, "h": false, "i": false, "j": false, "k": false }
				10113	</pre></div></div>
				10114	</li>
				10115	</ul>
				10116	<p>The function has an alias <tt>istime</tt>.</p></div>
				10117	<div class="section">
				10118	<h3><a name="is_duration"></a>is_duration</h3>
				10119	<ul>
				10120
				10121	<li>
				10122
				10123	<p>Syntax:</p>
				10124
				10125	<div>
				10126	<div>
				10127	<pre class="source">is_duration(expr)
				10128	</pre></div></div>
				10129	</li>
				10130	<li>
				10131
				10132	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a duration value.</p>
				10133	</li>
				10134	<li>Arguments:
				10135	<ul>
				10136
				10137	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				10138	</ul>
				10139	</li>
				10140	<li>Return Value:
				10141	<ul>
				10142
				10143	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a <tt>duration/year_month_duration/day_time_duration</tt> value or not,</li>
				10144	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				10145	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				10146	</ul>
				10147	</li>
				10148	<li>
				10149
				10150	<p>Example:</p>
				10151
				10152	<div>
				10153	<div>
				10154	<pre class="source"> {
				10155	"a": is_duration(true),
				10156	"b": is_duration(false),
				10157	"c": is_duration(null),
				10158	"d": is_duration(missing),
				10159	"e": is_duration(duration("-PT20.943S")),
				10160	"f": isduration(date("2013-01-01")),
				10161	"g": isduration(time("12:12:12.039Z")),
				10162	"h": isduration(datetime("2013-01-01T12:12:12.039Z")),
				10163	"i": isduration(duration("P100Y12MT12M")),
				10164	"j": isduration(interval(date("2013-01-01"), date("20130505"))),
				10165	"k": isduration(3)
				10166	};
				10167	</pre></div></div>
				10168	</li>
				10169	<li>
				10170
				10171	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				10172
				10173	<div>
				10174	<div>
				10175	<pre class="source">{ "a": false, "b": false, "c": null, "e": true, "f": false, "g": false, "h": false, "i": true, "j": false, "k": false }
				10176	</pre></div></div>
				10177	</li>
				10178	</ul>
				10179	<p>The function has an alias <tt>isduration</tt>.</p></div>
				10180	<div class="section">
				10181	<h3><a name="is_interval"></a>is_interval</h3>
				10182	<ul>
				10183
				10184	<li>
				10185
				10186	<p>Syntax:</p>
				10187
				10188	<div>
				10189	<div>
				10190	<pre class="source">is_interval(expr)
				10191	</pre></div></div>
				10192	</li>
				10193	<li>
				10194
				10195	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a <tt>interval</tt> value.</p>
				10196	</li>
				10197	<li>Arguments:
				10198	<ul>
				10199
				10200	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				10201	</ul>
				10202	</li>
				10203	<li>Return Value:
				10204	<ul>
				10205
				10206	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a <tt>interval</tt> value or not,</li>
				10207	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				10208	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				10209	</ul>
				10210	</li>
				10211	<li>
				10212
				10213	<p>Example:</p>
				10214
				10215	<div>
				10216	<div>
				10217	<pre class="source"> {
				10218	"a": is_interval(true),
				10219	"b": is_interval(false),
				10220	"c": is_interval(null),
				10221	"d": is_interval(missing),
				10222	"e": is_interval(interval(datetime("2013-01-01T00:01:01.000Z"), datetime("2013-05-05T13:39:01.049Z"))),
				10223	"f": isinterval(date("2013-01-01")),
				10224	"g": isinterval(time("12:12:12.039Z")),
				10225	"h": isinterval(datetime("2013-01-01T12:12:12.039Z")),
				10226	"i": isinterval(duration("P100Y12MT12M")),
				10227	"j": isinterval(interval(date("2013-01-01"), date("20130505"))),
				10228	"k": isinterval(3)
				10229	};
				10230	</pre></div></div>
				10231	</li>
				10232	<li>
				10233
				10234	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				10235
				10236	<div>
				10237	<div>
				10238	<pre class="source">{ "a": false, "b": false, "c": null, "e": true, "f": false, "g": false, "h": false, "i": false, "j": true, "k": false }
				10239	</pre></div></div>
				10240	</li>
				10241	</ul>
				10242	<p>The function has an alias <tt>isinterval</tt>.</p></div>
				10243	<div class="section">
				10244	<h3><a name="is_temporal"></a>is_temporal</h3>
				10245	<ul>
				10246
				10247	<li>
				10248
				10249	<p>Syntax:</p>
				10250
				10251	<div>
				10252	<div>
				10253	<pre class="source">is_temporal(expr)
				10254	</pre></div></div>
				10255	</li>
				10256	<li>
				10257
				10258	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a temporal value.</p>
				10259	</li>
				10260	<li>Arguments:
				10261	<ul>
				10262
				10263	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				10264	</ul>
				10265	</li>
				10266	<li>Return Value:
				10267	<ul>
				10268
				10269	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a <tt>date/datetime/time/duration/year_month_duration/day_time_duration/interval</tt> value or not,</li>
				10270	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				10271	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				10272	</ul>
				10273	</li>
				10274	<li>
				10275
				10276	<p>Example:</p>
				10277
				10278	<div>
				10279	<div>
				10280	<pre class="source"> {
				10281	"a": is_temporal(true),
				10282	"b": is_temporal(false),
				10283	"c": is_temporal(null),
				10284	"d": is_temporal(missing),
				10285	"e": is_temporal(duration("-PT20.943S")),
				10286	"f": istemporal(date("2013-01-01")),
				10287	"g": istemporal(time("12:12:12.039Z")),
				10288	"h": istemporal(datetime("2013-01-01T12:12:12.039Z")),
				10289	"i": istemporal(duration("P100Y12MT12M")),
				10290	"j": istemporal(interval(date("2013-01-01"), date("20130505"))),
				10291	"k": istemporal(3)
				10292	};
				10293	</pre></div></div>
				10294	</li>
				10295	<li>
				10296
				10297	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				10298
				10299	<div>
				10300	<div>
				10301	<pre class="source">{ "a": false, "b": false, "c": null, "e": true, "f": true, "g": true, "h": true, "i": true, "j": true, "k": false }
				10302	</pre></div></div>
				10303	</li>
				10304	</ul>
				10305	<p>The function has an alias <tt>istemporal</tt>.</p></div>
				10306	<div class="section">
				10307	<h3><a name="is_object_.28is_obj.29"></a>is_object (is_obj)</h3>
				10308	<ul>
				10309
				10310	<li>
				10311
				10312	<p>Syntax:</p>
				10313
				10314	<div>
				10315	<div>
				10316	<pre class="source">is_object(expr)
				10317	</pre></div></div>
				10318	</li>
				10319	<li>
				10320
				10321	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a <tt>object</tt> value.</p>
				10322	</li>
				10323	<li>Arguments:
				10324	<ul>
				10325
				10326	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				10327	</ul>
				10328	</li>
				10329	<li>Return Value:
				10330	<ul>
				10331
				10332	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a <tt>object</tt> value or not,</li>
				10333	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				10334	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				10335	</ul>
				10336	</li>
				10337	<li>
				10338
				10339	<p>Example:</p>
				10340
				10341	<div>
				10342	<div>
				10343	<pre class="source">{
				10344	"a": is_object(true),
				10345	"b": is_object(false),
				10346	"c": isobject(null),
				10347	"d": isobject(missing),
				10348	"e": isobj("d"),
				10349	"f": isobj(4.0),
				10350	"g": isobj(5),
				10351	"h": isobj(["1", 2]),
				10352	"i": isobj({"a":1})
				10353	};
				10354	</pre></div></div>
				10355	</li>
				10356	<li>
				10357
				10358	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				10359	<p>{ “a”: false, “b”: false, “c”: null, “e”: false, “f”: false, “g”: false, “h”: false, “i”: true }</p>
				10360	</li>
				10361	</ul>
				10362	<p>The function has three aliases: <tt>isobject</tt>, <tt>is_obj</tt>, and <tt>isobj</tt>.</p></div>
				10363	<div class="section">
				10364	<h3><a name="is_string_.28is_str.29"></a>is_string (is_str)</h3>
				10365	<ul>
				10366
				10367	<li>
				10368
				10369	<p>Syntax:</p>
				10370
				10371	<div>
				10372	<div>
				10373	<pre class="source">is_string(expr)
				10374	</pre></div></div>
				10375	</li>
				10376	<li>
				10377
				10378	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a <tt>string</tt> value.</p>
				10379	</li>
				10380	<li>Arguments:
				10381	<ul>
				10382
				10383	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				10384	</ul>
				10385	</li>
				10386	<li>Return Value:
				10387	<ul>
				10388
				10389	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a <tt>string</tt> value or not,</li>
				10390	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				10391	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				10392	</ul>
				10393	</li>
				10394	<li>
				10395
				10396	<p>Example:</p>
				10397
				10398	<div>
				10399	<div>
				10400	<pre class="source">{
				10401	"a": is_string(true),
				10402	"b": isstring(false),
				10403	"c": isstring(null),
				10404	"d": isstr(missing),
				10405	"e": isstr("d"),
				10406	"f": isstr(4.0),
				10407	"g": isstr(5),
				10408	"h": isstr(["1", 2]),
				10409	"i": isstr({"a":1})
				10410	};
				10411	</pre></div></div>
				10412	</li>
				10413	<li>
				10414
				10415	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				10416
				10417	<div>
				10418	<div>
				10419	<pre class="source">{ "a": false, "b": false, "c": null, "e": true, "f": false, "g": false, "h": false, "i": false }
				10420	</pre></div></div>
				10421	</li>
				10422	</ul>
				10423	<p>The function has three aliases: <tt>isstring</tt>, <tt>is_str</tt>, and <tt>isstr</tt>.</p></div>
				10424	<div class="section">
				10425	<h3><a name="is_uuid"></a>is_uuid</h3>
				10426	<ul>
				10427
				10428	<li>
				10429
				10430	<p>Syntax:</p>
				10431
				10432	<div>
				10433	<div>
				10434	<pre class="source">is_uuid(expr)
				10435	</pre></div></div>
				10436	</li>
				10437	<li>
				10438
				10439	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a <tt>uuid</tt> value.</p>
				10440	</li>
				10441	<li>Arguments:
				10442	<ul>
				10443
				10444	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				10445	</ul>
				10446	</li>
				10447	<li>Return Value:
				10448	<ul>
				10449
				10450	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the argument is a <tt>uuid</tt> value or not,</li>
				10451	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				10452	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value.</li>
				10453	</ul>
				10454	</li>
				10455	<li>
				10456
				10457	<p>Example:</p>
				10458
				10459	<div>
				10460	<div>
				10461	<pre class="source"> {
				10462	"a": is_uuid(true),
				10463	"b": is_uuid(false),
				10464	"c": is_uuid(null),
				10465	"d": is_uuid(missing),
				10466	"e": isuuid(4.0),
				10467	"f": isuuid(date("2013-01-01")),
				10468	"g": isuuid(uuid("5c848e5c-6b6a-498f-8452-8847a2957421"))
				10469	};
				10470	</pre></div></div>
				10471	</li>
				10472	<li>
				10473
				10474	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				10475
				10476	<div>
				10477	<div>
				10478	<pre class="source">{ "a": false, "b": false, "c": null, "e": false, "f": false, "g": true }
				10479	</pre></div></div>
				10480	</li>
				10481	</ul>
				10482	<p>The function has an alias <tt>isuuid</tt>.</p></div>
				10483	<div class="section">
				10484	<h3><a name="is_null"></a>is_null</h3>
				10485	<ul>
				10486
				10487	<li>
				10488
				10489	<p>Syntax:</p>
				10490
				10491	<div>
				10492	<div>
				10493	<pre class="source">is_null(expr)
				10494	</pre></div></div>
				10495	</li>
				10496	<li>
				10497
				10498	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a <tt>null</tt> value.</p>
				10499	</li>
				10500	<li>Arguments:
				10501	<ul>
				10502
				10503	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				10504	</ul>
				10505	</li>
				10506	<li>Return Value:
				10507	<ul>
				10508
				10509	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the variable is a <tt>null</tt> or not,</li>
				10510	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if the input is <tt>missing</tt>.</li>
				10511	</ul>
				10512	</li>
				10513	<li>
				10514
				10515	<p>Example:</p>
				10516
				10517	<div>
				10518	<div>
				10519	<pre class="source">{ "v1": is_null(null), "v2": is_null(1), "v3": is_null(missing) };
				10520	</pre></div></div>
				10521	</li>
				10522	<li>
				10523
				10524	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				10525
				10526	<div>
				10527	<div>
				10528	<pre class="source">{ "v1": true, "v2": false }
				10529	</pre></div></div>
				10530	</li>
				10531	</ul>
				10532	<p>The function has an alias <tt>isnull</tt>.</p></div>
				10533	<div class="section">
				10534	<h3><a name="is_missing"></a>is_missing</h3>
				10535	<ul>
				10536
				10537	<li>
				10538
				10539	<p>Syntax:</p>
				10540
				10541	<div>
				10542	<div>
				10543	<pre class="source">is_missing(expr)
				10544	</pre></div></div>
				10545	</li>
				10546	<li>
				10547
				10548	<p>Checks whether the given expression is evaluated to be a <tt>missing</tt> value.</p>
				10549	</li>
				10550	<li>Arguments:
				10551	<ul>
				10552
				10553	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				10554	</ul>
				10555	</li>
				10556	<li>Return Value:
				10557	<ul>
				10558
				10559	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the variable is a <tt>missing</tt> or not.</li>
				10560	</ul>
				10561	</li>
				10562	<li>
				10563
				10564	<p>Example:</p>
				10565
				10566	<div>
				10567	<div>
				10568	<pre class="source">{ "v1": is_missing(null), "v2": is_missing(1), "v3": is_missing(missing) };
				10569	</pre></div></div>
				10570	</li>
				10571	<li>
				10572
				10573	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				10574
				10575	<div>
				10576	<div>
				10577	<pre class="source">{ "v1": false, "v2": false, "v3": true }
				10578	</pre></div></div>
				10579	</li>
				10580	</ul>
				10581	<p>The function has an alias <tt>ismissing</tt>.</p></div>
				10582	<div class="section">
				10583	<h3><a name="is_unknown"></a>is_unknown</h3>
				10584	<ul>
				10585
				10586	<li>
				10587
				10588	<p>Syntax:</p>
				10589
				10590	<div>
				10591	<div>
				10592	<pre class="source">is_unknown(expr)
				10593	</pre></div></div>
				10594	</li>
				10595	<li>
				10596
				10597	<p>Checks whether the given variable is a <tt>null</tt> value or a <tt>missing</tt> value.</p>
				10598	</li>
				10599	<li>Arguments:
				10600	<ul>
				10601
				10602	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				10603	</ul>
				10604	</li>
				10605	<li>Return Value:
				10606	<ul>
				10607
				10608	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt> on whether the variable is a <tt>null</tt>/``missing<tt>value (</tt>true<tt>) or not (</tt>false`).</li>
				10609	</ul>
				10610	</li>
				10611	<li>
				10612
				10613	<p>Example:</p>
				10614
				10615	<div>
				10616	<div>
				10617	<pre class="source">{ "v1": is_unknown(null), "v2": is_unknown(1), "v3": is_unknown(missing) };
				10618	</pre></div></div>
				10619	</li>
				10620	<li>
				10621
				10622	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				10623
				10624	<div>
				10625	<div>
				10626	<pre class="source">{ "v1": true, "v2": false, "v3": true }
				10627	</pre></div></div>
				10628	</li>
				10629	</ul>
				10630	<p>The function has an alias <tt>isunknown</tt>.</p></div>
				10631	<div class="section">
				10632	<h3><a name="to_array"></a>to_array</h3>
				10633	<ul>
				10634
				10635	<li>
				10636
				10637	<p>Syntax:</p>
				10638
				10639	<div>
				10640	<div>
				10641	<pre class="source">to_array(expr)
				10642	</pre></div></div>
				10643	</li>
				10644	<li>
				10645
				10646	<p>Converts input value to an <tt>array</tt> value</p>
				10647	</li>
				10648	<li>Arguments:
				10649	<ul>
				10650
				10651	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression</li>
				10652	</ul>
				10653	</li>
				10654	<li>Return Value:
				10655	<ul>
				10656
				10657	<li>if the argument is <tt>missing</tt> then <tt>missing</tt> is returned</li>
				10658	<li>if the argument is <tt>null</tt> then <tt>null</tt> is returned</li>
				10659	<li>if the argument is of <tt>array</tt> type then it is returned as is</li>
				10660	<li>if the argument is of <tt>multiset</tt> type then it is returned as an <tt>array</tt> with elements in an undefined order</li>
				10661	<li>otherwise an <tt>array</tt> containing the input expression as its single item is returned</li>
				10662	</ul>
				10663	</li>
				10664	<li>
				10665
				10666	<p>Example:</p>
				10667
				10668	<div>
				10669	<div>
				10670	<pre class="source">{
				10671	"v1": to_array("asterix"),
				10672	"v2": to_array(["asterix"]),
				10673	};
				10674	</pre></div></div>
				10675	</li>
				10676	<li>
				10677
				10678	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				10679
				10680	<div>
				10681	<div>
				10682	<pre class="source">{ "v1": ["asterix"], "v2": ["asterix"] }
				10683	</pre></div></div>
				10684	</li>
				10685	</ul>
				10686	<p>The function has an alias <tt>toarray</tt>.</p></div>
				10687	<div class="section">
				10688	<h3><a name="to_atomic_.28to_atom.29"></a>to_atomic (to_atom)</h3>
				10689	<ul>
				10690
				10691	<li>
				10692
				10693	<p>Syntax:</p>
				10694
				10695	<div>
				10696	<div>
				10697	<pre class="source">to_atomic(expr)
				10698	</pre></div></div>
				10699	</li>
				10700	<li>
				10701
				10702	<p>Converts input value to a <a href="../datamodel.html#PrimitiveTypes">primitive</a> value</p>
				10703	</li>
				10704	<li>Arguments:
				10705	<ul>
				10706
				10707	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression</li>
				10708	</ul>
				10709	</li>
				10710	<li>Return Value:
				10711	<ul>
				10712
				10713	<li>if the argument is <tt>missing</tt> then <tt>missing</tt> is returned</li>
				10714	<li>if the argument is <tt>null</tt> then <tt>null</tt> is returned</li>
				10715	<li>if the argument is of primitive type then it is returned as is</li>
				10716	<li>if the argument is of <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> type and has only one element then the result of invoking to_atomic() on that element is returned</li>
				10717	<li>if the argument is of <tt>object</tt> type and has only one field then the result of invoking to_atomic() on the value of that field is returned</li>
				10718	<li>otherwise <tt>null</tt> is returned</li>
				10719	</ul>
				10720	</li>
				10721	<li>
				10722
				10723	<p>Example:</p>
				10724
				10725	<div>
				10726	<div>
				10727	<pre class="source">{
				10728	"v1": to_atomic("asterix"),
				10729	"v2": to_atomic(["asterix"]),
				10730	"v3": to_atomic([0, 1]),
				10731	"v4": to_atomic({"value": "asterix"}),
				10732	"v5": to_number({"x": 1, "y": 2})
				10733	};
				10734	</pre></div></div>
				10735	</li>
				10736	<li>
				10737
				10738	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				10739
				10740	<div>
				10741	<div>
				10742	<pre class="source">{ "v1": "asterix", "v2": "asterix", "v3": null, "v4": "asterix", "v5": null }
				10743	</pre></div></div>
				10744	</li>
				10745	</ul>
				10746	<p>The function has three aliases: <tt>toatomic</tt>, <tt>to_atom</tt>, and <tt>toatom</tt>.</p></div>
				10747	<div class="section">
				10748	<h3><a name="to_boolean_.28to_bool.29"></a>to_boolean (to_bool)</h3>
				10749	<ul>
				10750
				10751	<li>
				10752
				10753	<p>Syntax:</p>
				10754
				10755	<div>
				10756	<div>
				10757	<pre class="source">to_boolean(expr)
				10758	</pre></div></div>
				10759	</li>
				10760	<li>
				10761
				10762	<p>Converts input value to a <tt>boolean</tt> value</p>
				10763	</li>
				10764	<li>Arguments:
				10765	<ul>
				10766
				10767	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression</li>
				10768	</ul>
				10769	</li>
				10770	<li>Return Value:
				10771	<ul>
				10772
				10773	<li>if the argument is <tt>missing</tt> then <tt>missing</tt> is returned</li>
				10774	<li>if the argument is <tt>null</tt> then <tt>null</tt> is returned</li>
				10775	<li>if the argument is of <tt>boolean</tt> type then it is returned as is</li>
				10776	<li>if the argument is of numeric type then <tt>false</tt> is returned if it is <tt>0</tt> or <tt>NaN</tt>, otherwise <tt>true</tt></li>
				10777	<li>if the argument is of <tt>string</tt> type then <tt>false</tt> is returned if it’s empty, otherwise <tt>true</tt></li>
				10778	<li>if the argument is of <tt>array</tt> or <tt>multiset</tt> type then <tt>false</tt> is returned if it’s size is <tt>0</tt>, otherwise <tt>true</tt></li>
				10779	<li>if the argument is of <tt>object</tt> type then <tt>false</tt> is returned if it has no fields, otherwise <tt>true</tt></li>
				10780	<li>type error is raised for all other input types</li>
				10781	</ul>
				10782	</li>
				10783	<li>
				10784
				10785	<p>Example:</p>
				10786
				10787	<div>
				10788	<div>
				10789	<pre class="source">{
				10790	"v1": to_boolean(0),
				10791	"v2": to_boolean(1),
				10792	"v3": to_boolean(""),
				10793	"v4": to_boolean("asterix")
				10794	};
				10795	</pre></div></div>
				10796	</li>
				10797	<li>
				10798
				10799	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				10800
				10801	<div>
				10802	<div>
				10803	<pre class="source">{ "v1": false, "v2": true, "v3": false, "v4": true }
				10804	</pre></div></div>
				10805	</li>
				10806	</ul>
				10807	<p>The function has three aliases: <tt>toboolean</tt>, <tt>to_bool</tt>, and <tt>tobool</tt>.</p></div>
				10808	<div class="section">
				10809	<h3><a name="to_bigint"></a>to_bigint</h3>
				10810	<ul>
				10811
				10812	<li>
				10813
				10814	<p>Syntax:</p>
				10815
				10816	<div>
				10817	<div>
				10818	<pre class="source">to_bigint(expr)
				10819	</pre></div></div>
				10820	</li>
				10821	<li>
				10822
				10823	<p>Converts input value to an integer value</p>
				10824	</li>
				10825	<li>Arguments:
				10826	<ul>
				10827
				10828	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression</li>
				10829	</ul>
				10830	</li>
				10831	<li>Return Value:
				10832	<ul>
				10833
				10834	<li>if the argument is <tt>missing</tt> then <tt>missing</tt> is returned</li>
				10835	<li>if the argument is <tt>null</tt> then <tt>null</tt> is returned</li>
				10836	<li>if the argument is of <tt>boolean</tt> type then <tt>1</tt> is returned if it is <tt>true</tt>, <tt>0</tt> if it is <tt>false</tt></li>
				10837	<li>if the argument is of numeric integer type then it is returned as the same value of <tt>bigint</tt> type</li>
				10838	<li>if the argument is of numeric <tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> type then it is converted to <tt>bigint</tt> type</li>
				10839	<li>if the argument is of <tt>string</tt> type and can be parsed as integer then that integer value is returned, otherwise <tt>null</tt> is returned</li>
				10840	<li>if the argument is of <tt>array</tt>/<tt>multiset</tt>/<tt>object</tt> type then <tt>null</tt> is returned</li>
				10841	<li>type error is raised for all other input types</li>
				10842	</ul>
				10843	</li>
				10844	<li>
				10845
				10846	<p>Example:</p>
				10847
				10848	<div>
				10849	<div>
				10850	<pre class="source">{
				10851	"v1": to_bigint(false),
				10852	"v2": to_bigint(true),
				10853	"v3": to_bigint(10),
				10854	"v4": to_bigint(float("1e100")),
				10855	"v5": to_bigint(double("1e1000")),
				10856	"v6": to_bigint("20")
				10857	};
				10858	</pre></div></div>
				10859	</li>
				10860	<li>
				10861
				10862	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				10863
				10864	<div>
				10865	<div>
				10866	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 0, "v2": 1, "v3": 10, "v4": 9223372036854775807, "v5": 9223372036854775807, "v6": 20 }
				10867	</pre></div></div>
				10868	</li>
				10869	</ul>
				10870	<p>The function has an alias <tt>tobigint</tt>.</p></div>
				10871	<div class="section">
				10872	<h3><a name="to_double"></a>to_double</h3>
				10873	<ul>
				10874
				10875	<li>
				10876
				10877	<p>Syntax:</p>
				10878
				10879	<div>
				10880	<div>
				10881	<pre class="source">to_double(expr)
				10882	</pre></div></div>
				10883	</li>
				10884	<li>
				10885
				10886	<p>Converts input value to a <tt>double</tt> value</p>
				10887	</li>
				10888	<li>Arguments:
				10889	<ul>
				10890
				10891	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression</li>
				10892	</ul>
				10893	</li>
				10894	<li>Return Value:
				10895	<ul>
				10896
				10897	<li>if the argument is <tt>missing</tt> then <tt>missing</tt> is returned</li>
				10898	<li>if the argument is <tt>null</tt> then <tt>null</tt> is returned</li>
				10899	<li>if the argument is of <tt>boolean</tt> type then <tt>1.0</tt> is returned if it is <tt>true</tt>, <tt>0.0</tt> if it is <tt>false</tt></li>
				10900	<li>if the argument is of numeric type then it is returned as the value of <tt>double</tt> type</li>
				10901	<li>if the argument is of <tt>string</tt> type and can be parsed as <tt>double</tt> then that <tt>double</tt> value is returned, otherwise <tt>null</tt> is returned</li>
				10902	<li>if the argument is of <tt>array</tt>/<tt>multiset</tt>/<tt>object</tt> type then <tt>null</tt> is returned</li>
				10903	<li>type error is raised for all other input types</li>
				10904	</ul>
				10905	</li>
				10906	<li>
				10907
				10908	<p>Example:</p>
				10909
				10910	<div>
				10911	<div>
				10912	<pre class="source">{
				10913	"v1": to_double(false),
				10914	"v2": to_double(true),
				10915	"v3": to_double(10),
				10916	"v4": to_double(11.5),
				10917	"v5": to_double("12.5")
				10918	};
				10919	</pre></div></div>
				10920	</li>
				10921	<li>
				10922
				10923	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				10924
				10925	<div>
				10926	<div>
				10927	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 0.0, "v2": 1.0, "v3": 10.0, "v4": 11.5, "v5": 12.5 }
				10928	</pre></div></div>
				10929	</li>
				10930	</ul>
				10931	<p>The function has an alias <tt>todouble</tt>.</p></div>
				10932	<div class="section">
				10933	<h3><a name="to_number_.28to_num.29"></a>to_number (to_num)</h3>
				10934	<ul>
				10935
				10936	<li>
				10937
				10938	<p>Syntax:</p>
				10939
				10940	<div>
				10941	<div>
				10942	<pre class="source">to_number(expr)
				10943	</pre></div></div>
				10944	</li>
				10945	<li>
				10946
				10947	<p>Converts input value to a numeric value</p>
				10948	</li>
				10949	<li>Arguments:
				10950	<ul>
				10951
				10952	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression</li>
				10953	</ul>
				10954	</li>
				10955	<li>Return Value:
				10956	<ul>
				10957
				10958	<li>if the argument is <tt>missing</tt> then <tt>missing</tt> is returned</li>
				10959	<li>if the argument is <tt>null</tt> then <tt>null</tt> is returned</li>
				10960	<li>if the argument is of numeric type then it is returned as is</li>
				10961	<li>if the argument is of <tt>boolean</tt> type then <tt>1</tt> is returned if it is <tt>true</tt>, <tt>0</tt> if it is <tt>false</tt></li>
				10962	<li>if the argument is of <tt>string</tt> type and can be parsed as <tt>bigint</tt> then that <tt>bigint</tt> value is returned, otherwise if it can be parsed as <tt>double</tt> then that <tt>double</tt> value is returned, otherwise <tt>null</tt> is returned</li>
				10963	<li>if the argument is of <tt>array</tt>/<tt>multiset</tt>/<tt>object</tt> type then <tt>null</tt> is returned</li>
				10964	<li>type error is raised for all other input types</li>
				10965	</ul>
				10966	</li>
				10967	<li>
				10968
				10969	<p>Example:</p>
				10970
				10971	<div>
				10972	<div>
				10973	<pre class="source">{
				10974	"v1": to_number(false),
				10975	"v2": to_number(true),
				10976	"v3": to_number(10),
				10977	"v4": to_number(11.5),
				10978	"v5": to_number("12.5")
				10979	};
				10980	</pre></div></div>
				10981	</li>
				10982	<li>
				10983
				10984	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				10985
				10986	<div>
				10987	<div>
				10988	<pre class="source">{ "v1": 0, "v2": 1, "v3": 10, "v4": 11.5, "v5": 12.5 }
				10989	</pre></div></div>
				10990	</li>
				10991	</ul>
				10992	<p>The function has three aliases: <tt>tonumber</tt>, <tt>to_num</tt>, and <tt>tonum</tt>.</p></div>
				10993	<div class="section">
				10994	<h3><a name="to_object_.28to_obj.29"></a>to_object (to_obj)</h3>
				10995	<ul>
				10996
				10997	<li>
				10998
				10999	<p>Syntax:</p>
				11000
				11001	<div>
				11002	<div>
				11003	<pre class="source">to_object(expr)
				11004	</pre></div></div>
				11005	</li>
				11006	<li>
				11007
				11008	<p>Converts input value to an <tt>object</tt> value</p>
				11009	</li>
				11010	<li>Arguments:
				11011	<ul>
				11012
				11013	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression</li>
				11014	</ul>
				11015	</li>
				11016	<li>Return Value:
				11017	<ul>
				11018
				11019	<li>if the argument is <tt>missing</tt> then <tt>missing</tt> is returned</li>
				11020	<li>if the argument is <tt>null</tt> then <tt>null</tt> is returned</li>
				11021	<li>if the argument is of <tt>object</tt> type then it is returned as is</li>
				11022	<li>otherwise an empty <tt>object</tt> is returned</li>
				11023	</ul>
				11024	</li>
				11025	<li>
				11026
				11027	<p>Example:</p>
				11028
				11029	<div>
				11030	<div>
				11031	<pre class="source">{
				11032	"v1": to_object({"value": "asterix"}),
				11033	"v2": to_object("asterix")
				11034	};
				11035	</pre></div></div>
				11036	</li>
				11037	<li>
				11038
				11039	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				11040
				11041	<div>
				11042	<div>
				11043	<pre class="source">{ "v1": {"value": "asterix"}, "v2": {} }
				11044	</pre></div></div>
				11045	</li>
				11046	</ul>
				11047	<p>The function has three aliases: <tt>toobject</tt>, <tt>to_obj</tt>, and <tt>toobj</tt>.</p></div>
				11048	<div class="section">
				11049	<h3><a name="to_string_.28to_str.29"></a>to_string (to_str)</h3>
				11050	<ul>
				11051
				11052	<li>
				11053
				11054	<p>Syntax:</p>
				11055
				11056	<div>
				11057	<div>
				11058	<pre class="source">to_string(expr)
				11059	</pre></div></div>
				11060	</li>
				11061	<li>
				11062
				11063	<p>Converts input value to a string value</p>
				11064	</li>
				11065	<li>Arguments:
				11066	<ul>
				11067
				11068	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression</li>
				11069	</ul>
				11070	</li>
				11071	<li>Return Value:
				11072	<ul>
				11073
				11074	<li>if the argument is <tt>missing</tt> then <tt>missing</tt> is returned</li>
				11075	<li>if the argument is <tt>null</tt> then <tt>null</tt> is returned</li>
				11076	<li>if the argument is of <tt>boolean</tt> type then <tt>"true"</tt> is returned if it is <tt>true</tt>, <tt>"false"</tt> if it is <tt>false</tt></li>
				11077	<li>if the argument is of numeric type then its string representation is returned</li>
				11078	<li>if the argument is of <tt>string</tt> type then it is returned as is</li>
				11079	<li>if the argument is of <tt>array</tt>/<tt>multiset</tt>/<tt>object</tt> type then <tt>null</tt> is returned</li>
				11080	<li>type error is raised for all other input types</li>
				11081	</ul>
				11082	</li>
				11083	<li>
				11084
				11085	<p>Example:</p>
				11086
				11087	<div>
				11088	<div>
				11089	<pre class="source">{
				11090	"v1": to_string(false),
				11091	"v2": to_string(true),
				11092	"v3": to_string(10),
				11093	"v4": to_string(11.5),
				11094	"v5": to_string("asterix")
				11095	};
				11096	</pre></div></div>
				11097	</li>
				11098	<li>
				11099
				11100	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				11101
				11102	<div>
				11103	<div>
				11104	<pre class="source">{ "v1": "false", "v2": "true", "v3": "10", "v4": "11.5", "v5": "asterix" }
				11105	</pre></div></div>
				11106	</li>
				11107	</ul>
				11108	<p>The function has three aliases: <tt>tostring</tt>, <tt>to_str</tt>, and <tt>tostr</tt>.</p><!--
				11109	! Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
				11110	! or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
				11111	! distributed with this work for additional information
				11112	! regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
				11113	! to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
				11114	! "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
				11115	! with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
				11116	!
				11117	! http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
				11118	!
				11119	! Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
				11120	! software distributed under the License is distributed on an
				11121	! "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
				11122	! KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
				11123	! specific language governing permissions and limitations
				11124	! under the License.
				11125	!-->
				11126	</div></div>
				11127	<div class="section">
				11128	<h2><a name="Conditional_Functions"></a><a name="ConditionalFunctions" id="ConditionalFunctions">Conditional Functions</a></h2>
				11129	<div class="section">
				11130	<h3><a name="if_null_.28ifnull.29"></a>if_null (ifnull)</h3>
				11131	<ul>
				11132
				11133	<li>
				11134
				11135	<p>Syntax:</p>
				11136
				11137	<div>
				11138	<div>
				11139	<pre class="source">if_null(expression1, expression2, ... expressionN)
				11140	</pre></div></div>
				11141	</li>
				11142	<li>
				11143
				11144	<p>Finds first argument which value is not <tt>null</tt> and returns that value</p>
				11145	</li>
				11146	<li>Arguments:
				11147	<ul>
				11148
				11149	<li><tt>expressionI</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				11150	</ul>
				11151	</li>
				11152	<li>Return Value:
				11153	<ul>
				11154
				11155	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if all arguments evaluate to <tt>null</tt> or no arguments specified</li>
				11156	<li>a value of the first non-<tt>null</tt> argument otherwise</li>
				11157	</ul>
				11158	</li>
				11159	<li>
				11160
				11161	<p>Example:</p>
				11162
				11163	<div>
				11164	<div>
				11165	<pre class="source">{
				11166	"a": if_null(),
				11167	"b": if_null(null),
				11168	"c": if_null(null, "asterixdb"),
				11169	"d": is_missing(if_null(missing))
				11170	};
				11171	</pre></div></div>
				11172	</li>
				11173	<li>
				11174
				11175	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				11176
				11177	<div>
				11178	<div>
				11179	<pre class="source">{ "a": null, "b": null, "c": "asterixdb", "d": true }
				11180	</pre></div></div>
				11181	</li>
				11182	</ul>
				11183	<p>The function has an alias <tt>ifnull</tt>.</p></div>
				11184	<div class="section">
				11185	<h3><a name="if_missing_.28ifmissing.29"></a>if_missing (ifmissing)</h3>
				11186	<ul>
				11187
				11188	<li>
				11189
				11190	<p>Syntax:</p>
				11191
				11192	<div>
				11193	<div>
				11194	<pre class="source">if_missing(expression1, expression2, ... expressionN)
				11195	</pre></div></div>
				11196	</li>
				11197	<li>
				11198
				11199	<p>Finds first argument which value is not <tt>missing</tt> and returns that value</p>
				11200	</li>
				11201	<li>Arguments:
				11202	<ul>
				11203
				11204	<li><tt>expressionI</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				11205	</ul>
				11206	</li>
				11207	<li>Return Value:
				11208	<ul>
				11209
				11210	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if all arguments evaluate to <tt>missing</tt> or no arguments specified</li>
				11211	<li>a value of the first non-<tt>missing</tt> argument otherwise</li>
				11212	</ul>
				11213	</li>
				11214	<li>
				11215
				11216	<p>Example:</p>
				11217
				11218	<div>
				11219	<div>
				11220	<pre class="source">{
				11221	"a": if_missing(),
				11222	"b": if_missing(missing),
				11223	"c": if_missing(missing, "asterixdb"),
				11224	"d": if_missing(null, "asterixdb")
				11225	};
				11226	</pre></div></div>
				11227	</li>
				11228	<li>
				11229
				11230	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				11231
				11232	<div>
				11233	<div>
				11234	<pre class="source">{ "a": null, "b": null, "c": "asterixdb", "d": null }
				11235	</pre></div></div>
				11236	</li>
				11237	</ul>
				11238	<p>The function has an alias <tt>ifmissing</tt>.</p></div>
				11239	<div class="section">
				11240	<h3><a name="if_missing_or_null_.28ifmissingornull.2C_coalesce.29"></a>if_missing_or_null (ifmissingornull, coalesce)</h3>
				11241	<ul>
				11242
				11243	<li>
				11244
				11245	<p>Syntax:</p>
				11246
				11247	<div>
				11248	<div>
				11249	<pre class="source">if_missing_or_null(expression1, expression2, ... expressionN)
				11250	</pre></div></div>
				11251	</li>
				11252	<li>
				11253
				11254	<p>Finds first argument which value is not <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt> and returns that value</p>
				11255	</li>
				11256	<li>Arguments:
				11257	<ul>
				11258
				11259	<li><tt>expressionI</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				11260	</ul>
				11261	</li>
				11262	<li>Return Value:
				11263	<ul>
				11264
				11265	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if all arguments evaluate to either <tt>null</tt> or <tt>missing</tt>, or no arguments specified</li>
				11266	<li>a value of the first non-<tt>null</tt>, non-<tt>missing</tt> argument otherwise</li>
				11267	</ul>
				11268	</li>
				11269	<li>
				11270
				11271	<p>Example:</p>
				11272
				11273	<div>
				11274	<div>
				11275	<pre class="source">{
				11276	"a": if_missing_or_null(),
				11277	"b": if_missing_or_null(null, missing),
				11278	"c": if_missing_or_null(null, missing, "asterixdb")
				11279	};
				11280	</pre></div></div>
				11281	</li>
				11282	<li>
				11283
				11284	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				11285
				11286	<div>
				11287	<div>
				11288	<pre class="source">{ "a": null, "b": null, "c": "asterixdb" }
				11289	</pre></div></div>
				11290	</li>
				11291	</ul>
				11292	<p>The function has two aliases: <tt>ifmissingornull</tt> and <tt>coalesce</tt>.</p></div>
				11293	<div class="section">
				11294	<h3><a name="if_inf_.28ifinf.29"></a>if_inf (ifinf)</h3>
				11295	<ul>
				11296
				11297	<li>
				11298
				11299	<p>Syntax:</p>
				11300
				11301	<div>
				11302	<div>
				11303	<pre class="source">if_inf(expression1, expression2, ... expressionN)
				11304	</pre></div></div>
				11305	</li>
				11306	<li>
				11307
				11308	<p>Finds first argument which is a non-infinite (<tt>INF</tt> or<tt>-INF</tt>) number</p>
				11309	</li>
				11310	<li>Arguments:
				11311	<ul>
				11312
				11313	<li><tt>expressionI</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				11314	</ul>
				11315	</li>
				11316	<li>Return Value:
				11317	<ul>
				11318
				11319	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if <tt>missing</tt> argument was encountered before the first non-infinite number argument</li>
				11320	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if <tt>null</tt> argument or any other non-number argument was encountered before the first non-infinite number argument</li>
				11321	<li>the first non-infinite number argument otherwise</li>
				11322	</ul>
				11323	</li>
				11324	<li>
				11325
				11326	<p>Example:</p>
				11327
				11328	<div>
				11329	<div>
				11330	<pre class="source">{
				11331	"a": is_null(if_inf(null)),
				11332	"b": is_missing(if_inf(missing)),
				11333	"c": is_null(if_inf(double("INF"))),
				11334	"d": if_inf(1, null, missing) ],
				11335	"e": is_null(if_inf(null, missing, 1)) ],
				11336	"f": is_missing(if_inf(missing, null, 1)) ],
				11337	"g": if_inf(float("INF"), 1) ],
				11338	"h": to_string(if_inf(float("INF"), double("NaN"), 1)) ]
				11339	};
				11340	</pre></div></div>
				11341	</li>
				11342	<li>
				11343
				11344	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				11345
				11346	<div>
				11347	<div>
				11348	<pre class="source">{ "a": true, "b": true, "c": true, "d": 1, "e": true, "f": true, "g": 1, "h": "NaN" }
				11349	</pre></div></div>
				11350	</li>
				11351	</ul>
				11352	<p>The function has an alias <tt>ifinf</tt>.</p></div>
				11353	<div class="section">
				11354	<h3><a name="if_nan_.28ifnan.29"></a>if_nan (ifnan)</h3>
				11355	<ul>
				11356
				11357	<li>
				11358
				11359	<p>Syntax:</p>
				11360
				11361	<div>
				11362	<div>
				11363	<pre class="source">if_nan(expression1, expression2, ... expressionN)
				11364	</pre></div></div>
				11365	</li>
				11366	<li>
				11367
				11368	<p>Finds first argument which is a non-<tt>NaN</tt> number</p>
				11369	</li>
				11370	<li>Arguments:
				11371	<ul>
				11372
				11373	<li><tt>expressionI</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				11374	</ul>
				11375	</li>
				11376	<li>Return Value:
				11377	<ul>
				11378
				11379	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if <tt>missing</tt> argument was encountered before the first non-<tt>NaN</tt> number argument</li>
				11380	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if <tt>null</tt> argument or any other non-number argument was encountered before the first non-<tt>NaN</tt> number argument</li>
				11381	<li>the first non-<tt>NaN</tt> number argument otherwise</li>
				11382	</ul>
				11383	</li>
				11384	<li>
				11385
				11386	<p>Example:</p>
				11387
				11388	<div>
				11389	<div>
				11390	<pre class="source">{
				11391	"a": is_null(if_nan(null)),
				11392	"b": is_missing(if_nan(missing)),
				11393	"c": is_null(if_nan(double("NaN"))),
				11394	"d": if_nan(1, null, missing) ],
				11395	"e": is_null(if_nan(null, missing, 1)) ],
				11396	"f": is_missing(if_nan(missing, null, 1)) ],
				11397	"g": if_nan(float("NaN"), 1) ],
				11398	"h": to_string(if_nan(float("NaN"), double("INF"), 1)) ]
				11399	};
				11400	</pre></div></div>
				11401	</li>
				11402	<li>
				11403
				11404	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				11405
				11406	<div>
				11407	<div>
				11408	<pre class="source">{ "a": true, "b": true, "c": true, "d": 1, "e": true, "f": true, "g": 1, "h": "INF" }
				11409	</pre></div></div>
				11410	</li>
				11411	</ul>
				11412	<p>The function has an alias <tt>ifnan</tt>.</p></div>
				11413	<div class="section">
				11414	<h3><a name="if_nan_or_inf_.28ifnanorinf.29"></a>if_nan_or_inf (ifnanorinf)</h3>
				11415	<ul>
				11416
				11417	<li>
				11418
				11419	<p>Syntax:</p>
				11420
				11421	<div>
				11422	<div>
				11423	<pre class="source">if_nan_or_inf(expression1, expression2, ... expressionN)
				11424	</pre></div></div>
				11425	</li>
				11426	<li>
				11427
				11428	<p>Finds first argument which is a non-infinite (<tt>INF</tt> or<tt>-INF</tt>) and non-<tt>NaN</tt> number</p>
				11429	</li>
				11430	<li>Arguments:
				11431	<ul>
				11432
				11433	<li><tt>expressionI</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				11434	</ul>
				11435	</li>
				11436	<li>Return Value:
				11437	<ul>
				11438
				11439	<li>a <tt>missing</tt> if <tt>missing</tt> argument was encountered before the first non-infinite and non-<tt>NaN</tt> number argument</li>
				11440	<li>a <tt>null</tt> if <tt>null</tt> argument or any other non-number argument was encountered before the first non-infinite and non-<tt>NaN</tt> number argument</li>
				11441	<li>the first non-infinite and non-<tt>NaN</tt> number argument otherwise</li>
				11442	</ul>
				11443	</li>
				11444	<li>
				11445
				11446	<p>Example:</p>
				11447
				11448	<div>
				11449	<div>
				11450	<pre class="source">{
				11451	"a": is_null(if_nan_or_inf(null)),
				11452	"b": is_missing(if_nan_or_inf(missing)),
				11453	"c": is_null(if_nan_or_inf(double("NaN"), double("INF"))),
				11454	"d": if_nan_or_inf(1, null, missing) ],
				11455	"e": is_null(if_nan_or_inf(null, missing, 1)) ],
				11456	"f": is_missing(if_nan_or_inf(missing, null, 1)) ],
				11457	"g": if_nan_or_inf(float("NaN"), float("INF"), 1) ],
				11458	};
				11459	</pre></div></div>
				11460	</li>
				11461	<li>
				11462
				11463	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				11464
				11465	<div>
				11466	<div>
				11467	<pre class="source">{ "a": true, "b": true, "c": true, "d": 1, "e": true, "f": true, "g": 1 }
				11468	</pre></div></div>
				11469	</li>
				11470	</ul>
				11471	<p>The function has an alias <tt>ifnanorinf</tt>.</p></div>
				11472	<div class="section">
				11473	<h3><a name="null_if_.28nullif.29"></a>null_if (nullif)</h3>
				11474	<ul>
				11475
				11476	<li>
				11477
				11478	<p>Syntax:</p>
				11479
				11480	<div>
				11481	<div>
				11482	<pre class="source">null_if(expression1, expression2)
				11483	</pre></div></div>
				11484	</li>
				11485	<li>
				11486
				11487	<p>Compares two arguments and returns <tt>null</tt> if they are equal, otherwise returns the first argument.</p>
				11488	</li>
				11489	<li>Arguments:
				11490	<ul>
				11491
				11492	<li><tt>expressionI</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				11493	</ul>
				11494	</li>
				11495	<li>Return Value:
				11496	<ul>
				11497
				11498	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				11499	<li><tt>null</tt> if
				11500	<ul>
				11501
				11502	<li>any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value, or</li>
				11503	<li><tt>argument1</tt> = <tt>argument2</tt></li>
				11504	</ul>
				11505	</li>
				11506	<li>a value of the first argument otherwise</li>
				11507	</ul>
				11508	</li>
				11509	<li>
				11510
				11511	<p>Example:</p>
				11512
				11513	<div>
				11514	<div>
				11515	<pre class="source">{
				11516	"a": null_if("asterixdb", "asterixdb"),
				11517	"b": null_if(1, 2)
				11518	};
				11519	</pre></div></div>
				11520	</li>
				11521	<li>
				11522
				11523	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				11524
				11525	<div>
				11526	<div>
				11527	<pre class="source">{ "a": null, "b": 1 }
				11528	</pre></div></div>
				11529	</li>
				11530	</ul>
				11531	<p>The function has an alias <tt>nullif</tt>.</p></div>
				11532	<div class="section">
				11533	<h3><a name="missing_if_.28missingif.29"></a>missing_if (missingif)</h3>
				11534	<ul>
				11535
				11536	<li>
				11537
				11538	<p>Syntax:</p>
				11539
				11540	<div>
				11541	<div>
				11542	<pre class="source">missing_if(expression1, expression2)
				11543	</pre></div></div>
				11544	</li>
				11545	<li>
				11546
				11547	<p>Compares two arguments and returns <tt>missing</tt> if they are equal, otherwise returns the first argument.</p>
				11548	</li>
				11549	<li>Arguments:
				11550	<ul>
				11551
				11552	<li><tt>expressionI</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				11553	</ul>
				11554	</li>
				11555	<li>Return Value:
				11556	<ul>
				11557
				11558	<li><tt>missing</tt> if
				11559	<ul>
				11560
				11561	<li>any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value, or</li>
				11562	<li>no argument is a <tt>null</tt> value and <tt>argument1</tt> = <tt>argument2</tt></li>
				11563	</ul>
				11564	</li>
				11565	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value</li>
				11566	<li>a value of the first argument otherwise</li>
				11567	</ul>
				11568	</li>
				11569	<li>
				11570
				11571	<p>Example:</p>
				11572
				11573	<div>
				11574	<div>
				11575	<pre class="source">{
				11576	"a": missing_if("asterixdb", "asterixdb")
				11577	"b": missing_if(1, 2),
				11578	};
				11579	</pre></div></div>
				11580	</li>
				11581	<li>
				11582
				11583	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				11584
				11585	<div>
				11586	<div>
				11587	<pre class="source">{ "b": 1 }
				11588	</pre></div></div>
				11589	</li>
				11590	</ul>
				11591	<p>The function has an alias <tt>missingif</tt>.</p></div>
				11592	<div class="section">
				11593	<h3><a name="nan_if_.28nanif.29"></a>nan_if (nanif)</h3>
				11594	<ul>
				11595
				11596	<li>
				11597
				11598	<p>Syntax:</p>
				11599
				11600	<div>
				11601	<div>
				11602	<pre class="source">nan_if(expression1, expression2)
				11603	</pre></div></div>
				11604	</li>
				11605	<li>
				11606
				11607	<p>Compares two arguments and returns <tt>NaN</tt> value if they are equal, otherwise returns the first argument.</p>
				11608	</li>
				11609	<li>Arguments:
				11610	<ul>
				11611
				11612	<li><tt>expressionI</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				11613	</ul>
				11614	</li>
				11615	<li>Return Value:
				11616	<ul>
				11617
				11618	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				11619	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value</li>
				11620	<li><tt>NaN</tt> value of type <tt>double</tt> if <tt>argument1</tt> = <tt>argument2</tt></li>
				11621	<li>a value of the first argument otherwise</li>
				11622	</ul>
				11623	</li>
				11624	<li>
				11625
				11626	<p>Example:</p>
				11627
				11628	<div>
				11629	<div>
				11630	<pre class="source">{
				11631	"a": to_string(nan_if("asterixdb", "asterixdb")),
				11632	"b": nan_if(1, 2)
				11633	};
				11634	</pre></div></div>
				11635	</li>
				11636	<li>
				11637
				11638	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				11639
				11640	<div>
				11641	<div>
				11642	<pre class="source">{ "a": "NaN", "b": 1 }
				11643	</pre></div></div>
				11644	</li>
				11645	</ul>
				11646	<p>The function has an alias <tt>nanif</tt>.</p></div>
				11647	<div class="section">
				11648	<h3><a name="posinf_if_.28posinfif.29"></a>posinf_if (posinfif)</h3>
				11649	<ul>
				11650
				11651	<li>
				11652
				11653	<p>Syntax:</p>
				11654
				11655	<div>
				11656	<div>
				11657	<pre class="source">posinf_if(expression1, expression2)
				11658	</pre></div></div>
				11659	</li>
				11660	<li>
				11661
				11662	<p>Compares two arguments and returns <tt>+INF</tt> value if they are equal, otherwise returns the first argument.</p>
				11663	</li>
				11664	<li>Arguments:
				11665	<ul>
				11666
				11667	<li><tt>expressionI</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				11668	</ul>
				11669	</li>
				11670	<li>Return Value:
				11671	<ul>
				11672
				11673	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				11674	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value</li>
				11675	<li><tt>+INF</tt> value of type <tt>double</tt> if <tt>argument1</tt> = <tt>argument2</tt></li>
				11676	<li>a value of the first argument otherwise</li>
				11677	</ul>
				11678	</li>
				11679	<li>
				11680
				11681	<p>Example:</p>
				11682
				11683	<div>
				11684	<div>
				11685	<pre class="source">{
				11686	"a": to_string(posinf_if("asterixdb", "asterixdb")),
				11687	"b": posinf_if(1, 2)
				11688	};
				11689	</pre></div></div>
				11690	</li>
				11691	<li>
				11692
				11693	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				11694
				11695	<div>
				11696	<div>
				11697	<pre class="source">{ "a": "+INF", "b": 1 }
				11698	</pre></div></div>
				11699	</li>
				11700	</ul>
				11701	<p>The function has an alias <tt>posinfif</tt>.</p></div>
				11702	<div class="section">
				11703	<h3><a name="neginf_if_.28neginfif.29"></a>neginf_if (neginfif)</h3>
				11704	<ul>
				11705
				11706	<li>
				11707
				11708	<p>Syntax:</p>
				11709
				11710	<div>
				11711	<div>
				11712	<pre class="source">neginf_if(expression1, expression2)
				11713	</pre></div></div>
				11714	</li>
				11715	<li>
				11716
				11717	<p>Compares two arguments and returns <tt>-INF</tt> value if they are equal, otherwise returns the first argument.</p>
				11718	</li>
				11719	<li>Arguments:
				11720	<ul>
				11721
				11722	<li><tt>expressionI</tt> : an expression (any type is allowed).</li>
				11723	</ul>
				11724	</li>
				11725	<li>Return Value:
				11726	<ul>
				11727
				11728	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				11729	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value</li>
				11730	<li><tt>-INF</tt> value of type <tt>double</tt> if <tt>argument1</tt> = <tt>argument2</tt></li>
				11731	<li>a value of the first argument otherwise</li>
				11732	</ul>
				11733	</li>
				11734	<li>
				11735
				11736	<p>Example:</p>
				11737
				11738	<div>
				11739	<div>
				11740	<pre class="source">{
				11741	"a": to_string(neginf_if("asterixdb", "asterixdb")),
				11742	"b": neginf_if(1, 2)
				11743	};
				11744	</pre></div></div>
				11745	</li>
				11746	<li>
				11747
				11748	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				11749
				11750	<div>
				11751	<div>
				11752	<pre class="source">{ "a": "-INF", "b": 1 }
				11753	</pre></div></div>
				11754	</li>
				11755	</ul>
				11756	<p>The function has an alias <tt>neginfif</tt>.</p><!--
				11757	! Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
				11758	! or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
				11759	! distributed with this work for additional information
				11760	! regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
				11761	! to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
				11762	! "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
				11763	! with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
				11764	!
				11765	! http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
				11766	!
				11767	! Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
				11768	! software distributed under the License is distributed on an
				11769	! "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
				11770	! KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
				11771	! specific language governing permissions and limitations
				11772	! under the License.
				11773	!-->
				11774	</div></div>
				11775	<div class="section">
				11776	<h2><a name="Miscellaneous_Functions"></a><a name="MiscFunctions" id="MiscFunctions">Miscellaneous Functions</a></h2>
				11777	<div class="section">
				11778	<h3><a name="uuid"></a>uuid</h3>
				11779	<ul>
				11780
				11781	<li>
				11782
				11783	<p>Syntax:</p>
				11784
				11785	<div>
				11786	<div>
				11787	<pre class="source">uuid()
				11788	</pre></div></div>
				11789	</li>
				11790	<li>
				11791
				11792	<p>Generates a <tt>uuid</tt>.</p>
				11793	</li>
				11794	<li>Arguments:
				11795	<ul>
				11796
				11797	<li>none</li>
				11798	</ul>
				11799	</li>
				11800	<li>Return Value:
				11801	<ul>
				11802
				11803	<li>a generated, random <tt>uuid</tt>.</li>
				11804	</ul>
				11805	</li>
				11806	</ul></div>
				11807	<div class="section">
				11808	<h3><a name="len"></a>len</h3>
				11809	<ul>
				11810
				11811	<li>
				11812
				11813	<p>Syntax:</p>
				11814	<p>len(array)</p>
				11815	</li>
				11816	<li>
				11817
				11818	<p>Returns the length of the array array.</p>
				11819	</li>
				11820	<li>Arguments:
				11821	<ul>
				11822
				11823	<li><tt>array</tt> : an <tt>array</tt>, <tt>multiset</tt>, <tt>null</tt>, or <tt>missing</tt>, represents the collection that needs to be checked.</li>
				11824	</ul>
				11825	</li>
				11826	<li>Return Value:
				11827	<ul>
				11828
				11829	<li>an <tt>integer</tt> that represents the length of input array or the size of the input multiset,</li>
				11830	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				11831	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				11832	</ul>
				11833	</li>
				11834	<li>
				11835
				11836	<p>Example:</p>
				11837
				11838	<div>
				11839	<div>
				11840	<pre class="source">len(["Hello", "World"])
				11841	</pre></div></div>
				11842	</li>
				11843	<li>
				11844
				11845	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				11846
				11847	<div>
				11848	<div>
				11849	<pre class="source">2
				11850	</pre></div></div>
				11851	</li>
				11852	</ul></div>
				11853	<div class="section">
				11854	<h3><a name="not"></a>not</h3>
				11855	<ul>
				11856
				11857	<li>
				11858
				11859	<p>Syntax:</p>
				11860
				11861	<div>
				11862	<div>
				11863	<pre class="source">not(expr)
				11864	</pre></div></div>
				11865	</li>
				11866	<li>
				11867
				11868	<p>Inverts a <tt>boolean</tt> value</p>
				11869	</li>
				11870	<li>Arguments:
				11871	<ul>
				11872
				11873	<li><tt>expr</tt> : an expression</li>
				11874	</ul>
				11875	</li>
				11876	<li>Return Value:
				11877	<ul>
				11878
				11879	<li>a <tt>boolean</tt>, the inverse of <tt>expr</tt>,</li>
				11880	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				11881	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				11882	<li>other non-boolean argument value will cause a type error.</li>
				11883	</ul>
				11884	</li>
				11885	<li>Example:
				11886
				11887	<div>
				11888	<div>
				11889	<pre class="source">{ "v1": `not`(true), "v2": `not`(false), "v3": `not`(null), "v4": `not`(missing) };
				11890	</pre></div></div>
				11891	</li>
				11892	<li>
				11893
				11894	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				11895
				11896	<div>
				11897	<div>
				11898	<pre class="source">{ "v1": false, "v2": true, "v3": null }
				11899	</pre></div></div>
				11900	</li>
				11901	</ul></div>
				11902	<div class="section">
				11903	<h3><a name="random"></a>random</h3>
				11904	<ul>
				11905
				11906	<li>
				11907
				11908	<p>Syntax:</p>
				11909
				11910	<div>
				11911	<div>
				11912	<pre class="source">random( [seed_value] )
				11913	</pre></div></div>
				11914	</li>
				11915	<li>
				11916
				11917	<p>Returns a random number, accepting an optional seed value</p>
				11918	</li>
				11919	<li>Arguments:
				11920	<ul>
				11921
				11922	<li><tt>seed_value</tt>: an optional <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt>/<tt>float</tt>/<tt>double</tt> value representing the seed number.</li>
				11923	</ul>
				11924	</li>
				11925	<li>Return Value:
				11926	<ul>
				11927
				11928	<li>A random number of type <tt>double</tt> between 0 and 1,</li>
				11929	<li><tt>missing</tt> if the argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				11930	<li><tt>null</tt> if the argument is a <tt>null</tt> value or a non-numeric value.</li>
				11931	</ul>
				11932	</li>
				11933	<li>
				11934
				11935	<p>Example:</p>
				11936
				11937	<div>
				11938	<div>
				11939	<pre class="source">{
				11940	"v1": random(),
				11941	"v2": random(unix_time_from_datetime_in_ms(current_datetime()))
				11942	};
				11943	</pre></div></div>
				11944	</li>
				11945	</ul></div>
				11946	<div class="section">
				11947	<h3><a name="range"></a>range</h3>
				11948	<ul>
				11949
				11950	<li>
				11951
				11952	<p>Syntax:</p>
				11953
				11954	<div>
				11955	<div>
				11956	<pre class="source">range(start_numeric_value, end_numeric_value)
				11957	</pre></div></div>
				11958	</li>
				11959	<li>
				11960
				11961	<p>Generates a series of <tt>bigint</tt> values based start the <tt>start_numeric_value</tt> until the <tt>end_numeric_value</tt>.</p>
				11962	</li>
				11963	<li>Arguments:</li>
				11964	<li><tt>start_numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt> value representing the start value.</li>
				11965	<li><tt>end_numeric_value</tt>: a <tt>tinyint</tt>/<tt>smallint</tt>/<tt>integer</tt>/<tt>bigint</tt> value representing the max final value.</li>
				11966	<li>Return Value:
				11967	<ul>
				11968
				11969	<li>an array that starts with the integer value of <tt>start_numeric_value</tt> and ends with the integer value of <tt>end_numeric_value</tt>, where the value of each entry in the array is the integer successor of the value in the preceding entry.</li>
				11970	</ul>
				11971	</li>
				11972	<li>Example:
				11973
				11974	<div>
				11975	<div>
				11976	<pre class="source">range(0, 3);
				11977	</pre></div></div>
				11978	</li>
				11979	<li>
				11980
				11981	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				11982
				11983	<div>
				11984	<div>
				11985	<pre class="source">[ 0, 1, 2, 3 ]
				11986	</pre></div></div>
				11987	</li>
				11988	</ul></div>
				11989	<div class="section">
				11990	<h3><a name="switch_case"></a>switch_case</h3>
				11991	<ul>
				11992
				11993	<li>
				11994
				11995	<p>Syntax:</p>
				11996
				11997	<div>
				11998	<div>
				11999	<pre class="source">switch_case(
				12000	condition,
				12001	case1, case1_result,
				12002	case2, case2_result,
				12003	...,
				12004	default, default_result
				12005	)
				12006	</pre></div></div>
				12007	</li>
				12008	<li>
				12009
				12010	<p>Switches amongst a sequence of cases and returns the result of the first matching case. If no match is found, the result of the default case is returned.</p>
				12011	</li>
				12012	<li>Arguments:
				12013	<ul>
				12014
				12015	<li><tt>condition</tt>: a variable (any type is allowed).</li>
				12016	<li><tt>caseI/default</tt>: a variable (any type is allowed).</li>
				12017	<li><tt>caseI/default_result</tt>: a variable (any type is allowed).</li>
				12018	</ul>
				12019	</li>
				12020	<li>Return Value:
				12021	<ul>
				12022
				12023	<li><tt>caseI_result</tt> if <tt>condition</tt> matches <tt>caseI</tt>, otherwise <tt>default_result</tt>.</li>
				12024	</ul>
				12025	</li>
				12026	<li>Example 1:
				12027
				12028	<div>
				12029	<div>
				12030	<pre class="source">switch_case(
				12031	"a",
				12032	"a", 0,
				12033	"x", 1,
				12034	"y", 2,
				12035	"z", 3
				12036	);
				12037	</pre></div></div>
				12038	</li>
				12039	<li>
				12040
				12041	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12042
				12043	<div>
				12044	<div>
				12045	<pre class="source">0
				12046	</pre></div></div>
				12047	</li>
				12048	<li>
				12049
				12050	<p>Example 2:</p>
				12051
				12052	<div>
				12053	<div>
				12054	<pre class="source">switch_case(
				12055	"a",
				12056	"x", 1,
				12057	"y", 2,
				12058	"z", 3
				12059	);
				12060	</pre></div></div>
				12061	</li>
				12062	<li>
				12063
				12064	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12065
				12066	<div>
				12067	<div>
				12068	<pre class="source">3
				12069	</pre></div></div>
				12070	</li>
				12071	</ul></div>
				12072	<div class="section">
				12073	<h3><a name="deep_equal"></a>deep_equal</h3>
				12074	<ul>
				12075
				12076	<li>
				12077
				12078	<p>Syntax:</p>
				12079
				12080	<div>
				12081	<div>
				12082	<pre class="source">deep_equal(expr1, expr2)
				12083	</pre></div></div>
				12084	</li>
				12085	<li>
				12086
				12087	<p>Assess the equality between two expressions of any type (e.g., object, arrays, or multiset). Two objects are deeply equal iff both their types and values are equal.</p>
				12088	</li>
				12089	<li>Arguments:
				12090	<ul>
				12091
				12092	<li><tt>expr1</tt> : an expression,</li>
				12093	<li><tt>expr2</tt> : an expression.</li>
				12094	</ul>
				12095	</li>
				12096	<li>Return Value:
				12097	<ul>
				12098
				12099	<li><tt>true</tt> or <tt>false</tt> depending on the data equality,</li>
				12100	<li><tt>missing</tt> if any argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value,</li>
				12101	<li><tt>null</tt> if any argument is a <tt>null</tt> value but no argument is a <tt>missing</tt> value.</li>
				12102	</ul>
				12103	</li>
				12104	<li>
				12105
				12106	<p>Example:</p>
				12107
				12108	<div>
				12109	<div>
				12110	<pre class="source">deep_equal(
				12111	{
				12112	"id":1,
				12113	"project":"AsterixDB",
				12114	"address":{"city":"Irvine", "state":"CA"},
				12115	"related":["Hivestrix", "Preglix", "Apache VXQuery"]
				12116	},
				12117	{
				12118	"id":1,
				12119	"project":"AsterixDB",
				12120	"address":{"city":"San Diego", "state":"CA"},
				12121	"related":["Hivestrix", "Preglix", "Apache VXQuery"]
				12122	}
				12123	);
				12124	</pre></div></div>
				12125	</li>
				12126	<li>
				12127
				12128	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12129
				12130	<div>
				12131	<div>
				12132	<pre class="source">false
				12133	</pre></div></div>
				12134	</li>
				12135	</ul><!--
				12136	! Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
				12137	! or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
				12138	! distributed with this work for additional information
				12139	! regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
				12140	! to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
				12141	! "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
				12142	! with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
				12143	!
				12144	! http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
				12145	!
				12146	! Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
				12147	! software distributed under the License is distributed on an
				12148	! "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
				12149	! KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
				12150	! specific language governing permissions and limitations
				12151	! under the License.
				12152	!-->
				12153	</div></div>
				12154	<div class="section">
				12155	<h2><a name="Bitwise_Functions"></a><a name="BitwiseFunctions" id="BitwiseFunctions">Bitwise Functions</a></h2>
				12156	<p>All Bit/Binary functions can only operate on 64-bit signed integers.</p>
				12157	<p><b>Note:</b> All non-integer numbers and other data types result in null.</p>
				12158	<p><b>Note:</b> The query language uses two’s complement representation.</p>
				12159	<p>When looking at the value in binary form, bit 1 is the Least Significant Bit (LSB) and bit 32 is the Most Significant Bit (MSB).</p>
				12160	<p>(MSB) Bit 32 → <tt>0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000</tt> ← Bit 1 (LSB)</p>
				12161	<div class="section">
				12162	<h3><a name="bitand"></a>bitand</h3>
				12163	<ul>
				12164
				12165	<li>
				12166
				12167	<p>Syntax:</p>
				12168
				12169	<div>
				12170	<div>
				12171	<pre class="source">BITAND(int_value1, int_value2, ... , int_valueN)
				12172	</pre></div></div>
				12173	</li>
				12174	<li>
				12175
				12176	<p>Returns the result of a bitwise AND operation performed on all input integer values.</p>
				12177	<p>The bitwise AND operation compares each bit of <tt>int_value1</tt> to the corresponding bit of every other <tt>int_value</tt>. If all bits are 1, then the corresponding result bit is set to 1; otherwise it is set to 0 (zero).</p>
				12178	</li>
				12179	<li>
				12180
				12181	<p>Arguments:</p>
				12182	<ul>
				12183
				12184	<li><tt>int_valueI</tt>: Integers, or any valid expressions which evaluate to integers, that are used to compare.</li>
				12185	</ul>
				12186	</li>
				12187	<li>
				12188
				12189	<p>Return Value:</p>
				12190	<ul>
				12191
				12192	<li>An integer, representing the bitwise AND between all of the input integers.</li>
				12193	</ul>
				12194	</li>
				12195	<li>
				12196
				12197	<p>Limitations:</p>
				12198	<ul>
				12199
				12200	<li>Input values must be integers (such as 1 or 1.0) and cannot contain decimals (such as 1.2).</li>
				12201	</ul>
				12202	</li>
				12203	<li>
				12204
				12205	<p>Example 1:</p>
				12206	<p>Compare 3 (0011 in binary) and 6 (0110 in binary).</p>
				12207
				12208	<div>
				12209	<div>
				12210	<pre class="source">{ "BitAND": BITAND(3,6) };
				12211	</pre></div></div>
				12212	</li>
				12213	<li>
				12214
				12215	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12216
				12217	<div>
				12218	<div>
				12219	<pre class="source">{ "BitAND": 2 }
				12220	</pre></div></div>
				12221
				12222	<p>This results in 2 (0010 in binary) because only bit 2 is set in both 3 (00<b>1</b>1) and 6 (01<b>1</b>0).</p>
				12223	</li>
				12224	<li>
				12225
				12226	<p>Example 2:</p>
				12227	<p>Compare 4.5 and 3 (0011 in binary).</p>
				12228
				12229	<div>
				12230	<div>
				12231	<pre class="source">{ "BitAND": BITAND(4.5,3) };
				12232	</pre></div></div>
				12233	</li>
				12234	<li>
				12235
				12236	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12237
				12238	<div>
				12239	<div>
				12240	<pre class="source">{ "BitAND": null }
				12241	</pre></div></div>
				12242
				12243	<p>The result is null because 4.5 is not an integer.</p>
				12244	</li>
				12245	<li>
				12246
				12247	<p>Example 3:</p>
				12248	<p>Compare 4.0 (0100 in binary) and 3 (0011 in binary).</p>
				12249
				12250	<div>
				12251	<div>
				12252	<pre class="source">{ "BitAND": BITAND(4.0,3) };
				12253	</pre></div></div>
				12254	</li>
				12255	<li>
				12256
				12257	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12258
				12259	<div>
				12260	<div>
				12261	<pre class="source">{ "BitAND": 0 }
				12262	</pre></div></div>
				12263
				12264	<p>This results in 0 (zero) because 4.0 (0100) and 3 (0011) do not share any bits that are both 1.</p>
				12265	</li>
				12266	<li>
				12267
				12268	<p>Example 4:</p>
				12269	<p>Compare 3 (0011 in binary) and 6 (0110 in binary) and 15 (1111 in binary).</p>
				12270
				12271	<div>
				12272	<div>
				12273	<pre class="source">{ "BitAND": BITAND(3,6,15) };
				12274	</pre></div></div>
				12275	</li>
				12276	<li>
				12277
				12278	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12279
				12280	<div>
				12281	<div>
				12282	<pre class="source">{ "BitAND": 2 }
				12283	</pre></div></div>
				12284
				12285	<p>This results in 2 (0010 in binary) because only the 2nd bit from the right is 1 in all three numbers.</p>
				12286	</li>
				12287	</ul></div>
				12288	<div class="section">
				12289	<h3><a name="bitclear"></a>bitclear</h3>
				12290	<ul>
				12291
				12292	<li>
				12293
				12294	<p>Syntax:</p>
				12295
				12296	<div>
				12297	<div>
				12298	<pre class="source">BITCLEAR(int_value, positions)
				12299	</pre></div></div>
				12300	</li>
				12301	<li>
				12302
				12303	<p>Returns the result after clearing the specified bit, or array of bits in <tt>int_value</tt> using the given <tt>positions</tt>.</p>
				12304	<p><b>Note:</b> Specifying a negative or zero bit position makes the function return a null.</p>
				12305	</li>
				12306	<li>
				12307
				12308	<p>Arguments:</p>
				12309	<ul>
				12310
				12311	<li>
				12312
				12313	<p><tt>int_value</tt>: An integer, or any valid expression which evaluates to an integer, that contains the target bit or bits to clear.</p>
				12314	</li>
				12315	<li>
				12316
				12317	<p><tt>positions</tt>: An integer or an array of integers specifying the position or positions to be cleared.</p>
				12318	</li>
				12319	</ul>
				12320	</li>
				12321	<li>
				12322
				12323	<p>Return Value:</p>
				12324	<ul>
				12325
				12326	<li>An integer, representing the result after clearing the bit or bits specified.</li>
				12327	</ul>
				12328	</li>
				12329	<li>
				12330
				12331	<p>Limitations:</p>
				12332	<ul>
				12333
				12334	<li>Input values must be integers (such as 1 or 1.0) and cannot contain decimals (such as 1.2).</li>
				12335	</ul>
				12336	</li>
				12337	<li>
				12338
				12339	<p>Example 1:</p>
				12340	<p>Clear bit 1 from 6 (0110 in binary).</p>
				12341
				12342	<div>
				12343	<div>
				12344	<pre class="source">{ "BitCLEAR": BITCLEAR(6,1) };
				12345	</pre></div></div>
				12346	</li>
				12347	<li>
				12348
				12349	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12350
				12351	<div>
				12352	<div>
				12353	<pre class="source">{ "BitCLEAR": 6 }
				12354	</pre></div></div>
				12355
				12356	<p>This results in 6 (011<b>0</b> in binary) because bit 1 was already zero.</p>
				12357	</li>
				12358	<li>
				12359
				12360	<p>Example 2:</p>
				12361	<p>Clear bits 1 and 2 from 6 (01<b>10</b> in binary).</p>
				12362
				12363	<div>
				12364	<div>
				12365	<pre class="source">{ "BitCLEAR": BITCLEAR(6,[1,2]) };
				12366	</pre></div></div>
				12367	</li>
				12368	<li>
				12369
				12370	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12371
				12372	<div>
				12373	<div>
				12374	<pre class="source">{ "BitCLEAR": 4 }
				12375	</pre></div></div>
				12376
				12377	<p>This results in 4 (01<b>0</b>0 in binary) because bit 2 changed to zero.</p>
				12378	</li>
				12379	<li>
				12380
				12381	<p>Example 3:</p>
				12382	<p>Clear bits 1, 2, 4, and 5 from 31 (0<b>11</b>1<b>11</b> in binary).</p>
				12383
				12384	<div>
				12385	<div>
				12386	<pre class="source">{ "BitCLEAR": BITCLEAR(31,[1,2,4,5]) };
				12387	</pre></div></div>
				12388	</li>
				12389	<li>
				12390
				12391	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12392
				12393	<div>
				12394	<div>
				12395	<pre class="source">{ "BitCLEAR": 4 }
				12396	</pre></div></div>
				12397
				12398	<p>This results in 4 (0<b>00</b>1<b>00</b>) because bits 1, 2, 4, and 5 changed to zero.</p>
				12399	</li>
				12400	</ul></div>
				12401	<div class="section">
				12402	<h3><a name="bitnot"></a>bitnot</h3>
				12403	<ul>
				12404
				12405	<li>
				12406
				12407	<p>Syntax:</p>
				12408
				12409	<div>
				12410	<div>
				12411	<pre class="source">BITNOT(int_value)
				12412	</pre></div></div>
				12413	</li>
				12414	<li>
				12415
				12416	<p>Returns the results of a bitwise logical NOT operation performed on an integer value.</p>
				12417	<p>The bitwise logical NOT operation reverses the bits in the value. For each value bit that is 1, the corresponding result bit will be set to 0 (zero); and for each value bit that is 0 (zero), the corresponding result bit will be set to 1.</p>
				12418	<p><b>Note:</b> All bits of the integer will be altered by this operation.</p>
				12419	</li>
				12420	<li>
				12421
				12422	<p>Arguments:</p>
				12423	<ul>
				12424
				12425	<li><tt>int_value</tt>: An integer, or any valid expression which evaluates to an integer, that contains the target bits to reverse.</li>
				12426	</ul>
				12427	</li>
				12428	<li>
				12429
				12430	<p>Return Value:</p>
				12431	<ul>
				12432
				12433	<li>An integer, representing the result after performing the logical NOT operation.</li>
				12434	</ul>
				12435	</li>
				12436	<li>
				12437
				12438	<p>Limitations:</p>
				12439	<ul>
				12440
				12441	<li>Input values must be integers (such as 1 or 1.0) and cannot contain decimals (such as 1.2).</li>
				12442	</ul>
				12443	</li>
				12444	<li>
				12445
				12446	<p>Example 1:</p>
				12447	<p>Perform the NOT operation on 3 (0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0011 in binary).</p>
				12448
				12449	<div>
				12450	<div>
				12451	<pre class="source">{ "BitNOT": BITNOT(3) };
				12452	</pre></div></div>
				12453	</li>
				12454	<li>
				12455
				12456	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12457
				12458	<div>
				12459	<div>
				12460	<pre class="source">{ "BitNOT": -4 }
				12461	</pre></div></div>
				12462
				12463	<p>This results in -4 (<b>1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1100</b> in binary) because all bits changed.</p>
				12464	</li>
				12465	</ul></div>
				12466	<div class="section">
				12467	<h3><a name="bitor"></a>bitor</h3>
				12468	<ul>
				12469
				12470	<li>
				12471
				12472	<p>Syntax:</p>
				12473
				12474	<div>
				12475	<div>
				12476	<pre class="source">BITOR(int_value1, int_value2, ... , int_valueN)
				12477	</pre></div></div>
				12478	</li>
				12479	<li>
				12480
				12481	<p>Returns the result of a bitwise inclusive OR operation performed on all input integer values.</p>
				12482	<p>The bitwise inclusive OR operation compares each bit of <tt>int_value1</tt> to the corresponding bit of every other <tt>int_value</tt>. If any bit is 1, the corresponding result bit is set to 1; otherwise, it is set to 0 (zero).</p>
				12483	</li>
				12484	<li>
				12485
				12486	<p>Arguments:</p>
				12487	<ul>
				12488
				12489	<li><tt>int_valueI</tt>: Integers, or any valid expressions which evaluate to integers, that are used to compare.</li>
				12490	</ul>
				12491	</li>
				12492	<li>
				12493
				12494	<p>Return Value:</p>
				12495	<ul>
				12496
				12497	<li>An integer, representing the bitwise OR between all of the input integers.</li>
				12498	</ul>
				12499	</li>
				12500	<li>
				12501
				12502	<p>Limitations:</p>
				12503	<ul>
				12504
				12505	<li>Input values must be integers (such as 1 or 1.0) and cannot contain decimals (such as 1.2).</li>
				12506	</ul>
				12507	</li>
				12508	<li>
				12509
				12510	<p>Example 1:</p>
				12511	<p>Perform OR on 3 (0011 in binary) and 6 (0110 in binary).</p>
				12512
				12513	<div>
				12514	<div>
				12515	<pre class="source">{ "BitOR": BITOR(3,6) };
				12516	</pre></div></div>
				12517	</li>
				12518	<li>
				12519
				12520	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12521
				12522	<div>
				12523	<div>
				12524	<pre class="source">{ "BitOR": 7 }
				12525	</pre></div></div>
				12526
				12527	<p>This results in 7 (0<b>111</b> in binary) because at least 1 bit of each (00<b>11</b> and 0<b>11</b>0) is 1 in bits 1, 2, and 3.</p>
				12528	</li>
				12529	<li>
				12530
				12531	<p>Example 2:</p>
				12532	<p>Perform OR on 3 (0011 in binary) and -4 (1000 0000 0000 … 0000 1100 in binary).</p>
				12533
				12534	<div>
				12535	<div>
				12536	<pre class="source">{ "BitOR": BITOR(3,-4) };
				12537	</pre></div></div>
				12538	</li>
				12539	<li>
				12540
				12541	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12542
				12543	<div>
				12544	<div>
				12545	<pre class="source">{ "BitOR": -1 }
				12546	</pre></div></div>
				12547
				12548	<p>This results in -1 (<b>1111 1111 1111 … 1111 1111</b> in binary) because the two 1 bits in 3 fill in the two 0 bits in -4 to turn on all the bits.</p>
				12549	</li>
				12550	<li>
				12551
				12552	<p>Example 3:</p>
				12553	<p>Perform OR on 3 (0011 in binary) and 6 (0110 in binary) and 15 (1111 in binary).</p>
				12554
				12555	<div>
				12556	<div>
				12557	<pre class="source">{ "BitOR": BITOR(3,6,15) };
				12558	</pre></div></div>
				12559	</li>
				12560	<li>
				12561
				12562	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12563
				12564	<div>
				12565	<div>
				12566	<pre class="source">{ "BitOR": 15 }
				12567	</pre></div></div>
				12568
				12569	<p>This results in 15 (1111 in binary) because there is at least one 1 in each of the four rightmost bits.</p>
				12570	</li>
				12571	</ul></div>
				12572	<div class="section">
				12573	<h3><a name="bitset"></a>bitset</h3>
				12574	<ul>
				12575
				12576	<li>
				12577
				12578	<p>Syntax:</p>
				12579
				12580	<div>
				12581	<div>
				12582	<pre class="source">BITSET(int_value, positions)
				12583	</pre></div></div>
				12584	</li>
				12585	<li>
				12586
				12587	<p>Returns the result after setting the specified bit <tt>position</tt>, or array of bit positions, to 1 in the given <tt>int_value</tt>.</p>
				12588	<p><b>Note:</b> Specifying a negative or zero position makes the function return a null.</p>
				12589	</li>
				12590	<li>
				12591
				12592	<p>Arguments:</p>
				12593	<ul>
				12594
				12595	<li>
				12596
				12597	<p><tt>int_value</tt>: An integer, or any valid expression which evaluates to an integer, that contains the target bit or bits to set.</p>
				12598	</li>
				12599	<li>
				12600
				12601	<p><tt>positions</tt>: An integer or an array of integers specifying the position or positions to be set.</p>
				12602	</li>
				12603	</ul>
				12604	</li>
				12605	<li>
				12606
				12607	<p>Return Value:</p>
				12608	<ul>
				12609
				12610	<li>An integer, representing the result after setting the bit or bits specified. If the bit is already set, then it stays set.</li>
				12611	</ul>
				12612	</li>
				12613	<li>
				12614
				12615	<p>Limitations:</p>
				12616	<ul>
				12617
				12618	<li>Input values must be integers (such as 1 or 1.0) and cannot contain decimals (such as 1.2).</li>
				12619	</ul>
				12620	</li>
				12621	<li>
				12622
				12623	<p>Example 1:</p>
				12624	<p>Set bit 1 in the value 6 (011<b>0</b> in binary).</p>
				12625
				12626	<div>
				12627	<div>
				12628	<pre class="source">{ "BitSET": BITSET(6,1) };
				12629	</pre></div></div>
				12630	</li>
				12631	<li>
				12632
				12633	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12634
				12635	<div>
				12636	<div>
				12637	<pre class="source">{ "BitSET": 7 }
				12638	</pre></div></div>
				12639
				12640	<p>This results in 7 (011<b>1</b> in binary) because bit 1 changed to 1.</p>
				12641	</li>
				12642	<li>
				12643
				12644	<p>Example 2:</p>
				12645	<p>Set bits 1 and 2 in the value 6 (01<b>10</b> in binary).</p>
				12646
				12647	<div>
				12648	<div>
				12649	<pre class="source">{ "BitSET": BITSET(6,[1,2]) };
				12650	</pre></div></div>
				12651	</li>
				12652	<li>
				12653
				12654	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12655
				12656	<div>
				12657	<div>
				12658	<pre class="source">{ "BitSET": 7 }
				12659	</pre></div></div>
				12660
				12661	<p>This also results in 7 (01<b>11</b> in binary) because bit 1 changed while bit 2 remained the same.</p>
				12662	</li>
				12663	<li>
				12664
				12665	<p>Example 3:</p>
				12666	<p>Set bits 1 and 4 in the value 6 (<b>0</b>11<b>0</b> in binary).</p>
				12667
				12668	<div>
				12669	<div>
				12670	<pre class="source">{ "BitSET": BITSET(6,[1,4]) };
				12671	</pre></div></div>
				12672	</li>
				12673	<li>
				12674
				12675	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12676
				12677	<div>
				12678	<div>
				12679	<pre class="source">{ "BitSET": 15 }
				12680	</pre></div></div>
				12681
				12682	<p>This results in 15 (<b>1</b>11<b>1</b> in binary) because bit 1 and 4 changed to ones.</p>
				12683	</li>
				12684	</ul></div>
				12685	<div class="section">
				12686	<h3><a name="bitshift"></a>bitshift</h3>
				12687	<ul>
				12688
				12689	<li>
				12690
				12691	<p>Syntax:</p>
				12692
				12693	<div>
				12694	<div>
				12695	<pre class="source">BITSHIFT(int_value, shift_amount[, rotate])
				12696	</pre></div></div>
				12697	</li>
				12698	<li>
				12699
				12700	<p>Returns the result of a bit shift operation performed on the integer value <tt>int_value</tt>. The <tt>shift_amount</tt> supports left and right shifts. These are logical shifts. The third parameter <tt>rotate</tt> supports circular shift. This is similar to the BitROTATE function in Oracle.</p>
				12701	</li>
				12702	<li>
				12703
				12704	<p>Arguments:</p>
				12705	<ul>
				12706
				12707	<li>
				12708
				12709	<p><tt>int_value</tt>: An integer, or any valid expression which evaluates to an integer, that contains the target bit or bits to shift.</p>
				12710	</li>
				12711	<li>
				12712
				12713	<p><tt>shift_amount</tt>: An integer, or any valid expression which evaluates to an integer, that contains the number of bits to shift.</p>
				12714	<ul>
				12715
				12716	<li>
				12717
				12718	<p>A positive (+) number means this is a LEFT shift.</p>
				12719	</li>
				12720	<li>
				12721
				12722	<p>A negative (-) number means this is a RIGHT shift.</p>
				12723	</li>
				12724	</ul>
				12725	</li>
				12726	<li>
				12727
				12728	<p><tt>rotate</tt>: (Optional) A boolean, or any valid expression which evaluates to a boolean, where:</p>
				12729	<ul>
				12730
				12731	<li>
				12732
				12733	<p>FALSE means this is a LOGICAL shift, where bits shifted off the end of a value are considered lost.</p>
				12734	</li>
				12735	<li>
				12736
				12737	<p>TRUE means this is a CIRCULAR shift (shift-and-rotate operation), where bits shifted off the end of a value are rotated back onto the value at the <i>other</i> end. In other words, the bits rotate in what might be thought of as a circular pattern; therefore, these bits are not lost.</p>
				12738	</li>
				12739	</ul>
				12740	<p>If omitted, the default is FALSE.</p>
				12741	</li>
				12742	</ul>
				12743	<p>For comparison, see the below table.</p>
				12744	<table border="0" class="table table-striped">
				12745	<thead>
				12746
				12747	<tr class="a">
				12748	<th> Input </th>
				12749	<th> Shift </th>
				12750	<th> Result of Logical Shift (Rotate FALSE) </th>
				12751	<th> Result of Circular Shift (Rotate TRUE) </th></tr>
				12752	</thead><tbody>
				12753
				12754	<tr class="b">
				12755	<td> 6 (0000 0110) </td>
				12756	<td> 4 </td>
				12757	<td> 96 (0110 0000) </td>
				12758	<td> 96 (0110 0000) </td></tr>
				12759	<tr class="a">
				12760	<td> 6 (0000 0110) </td>
				12761	<td> 3 </td>
				12762	<td> 48 (0011 0000) </td>
				12763	<td> 48 (0011 0000) </td></tr>
				12764	<tr class="b">
				12765	<td> 6 (0000 0110) </td>
				12766	<td> 2 </td>
				12767	<td> 24 (0001 1000) </td>
				12768	<td> 24 (0001 1000) </td></tr>
				12769	<tr class="a">
				12770	<td> 6 (0000 0110) </td>
				12771	<td> 1 </td>
				12772	<td> 12 (0000 1100) </td>
				12773	<td> 12 (0000 1100) </td></tr>
				12774	<tr class="b">
				12775	<td> <b>6 (0000 0110)</b> </td>
				12776	<td> <b>0</b> </td>
				12777	<td> <b>6 (0000 0110)</b> </td>
				12778	<td> <b>6 (0000 0110)</b> </td></tr>
				12779	<tr class="a">
				12780	<td> 6 (0000 0110) </td>
				12781	<td> -1 </td>
				12782	<td> 3 (0000 0011) </td>
				12783	<td> 3 (0000 0011) </td></tr>
				12784	<tr class="b">
				12785	<td> 6 (0000 0110) </td>
				12786	<td> -2 </td>
				12787	<td> 1 (0000 0001) </td>
				12788	<td> -9223372036854775807 (1000 0000 … 0000 0001) </td></tr>
				12789	<tr class="a">
				12790	<td> 6 (0000 0110) </td>
				12791	<td> -3 </td>
				12792	<td> 0 (0000 0000) </td>
				12793	<td> -4611686018427387904 (1100 0000 … 0000 0000) </td></tr>
				12794	<tr class="b">
				12795	<td> 6 (0000 0110) </td>
				12796	<td> -4 </td>
				12797	<td> 0 (0000 0000) </td>
				12798	<td> 6917529027641081856 (0110 0000 … 0000 0000) </td></tr>
				12799	</tbody>
				12800	</table>
				12801	</li>
				12802	<li>
				12803
				12804	<p>Return Value:</p>
				12805	<ul>
				12806
				12807	<li>An integer, representing the result of either a logical or circular shift of the given integer.</li>
				12808	</ul>
				12809	</li>
				12810	<li>
				12811
				12812	<p>Limitations:</p>
				12813	<ul>
				12814
				12815	<li>Input values must be integers (such as 1 or 1.0) and cannot contain decimals (such as 1.2).</li>
				12816	</ul>
				12817	</li>
				12818	<li>
				12819
				12820	<p>Example 1:</p>
				12821	<p>Logical left shift of the number 6 (0110 in binary) by one bit.</p>
				12822
				12823	<div>
				12824	<div>
				12825	<pre class="source">{ "BitSHIFT": BITSHIFT(6,1,FALSE) };
				12826	</pre></div></div>
				12827	</li>
				12828	<li>
				12829
				12830	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12831
				12832	<div>
				12833	<div>
				12834	<pre class="source">{ "BitSHIFT": 12 }
				12835	</pre></div></div>
				12836
				12837	<p>This results in 12 (1100 in binary) because the 1-bits moved from positions 2 and 3 to positions 3 and 4.</p>
				12838	</li>
				12839	<li>
				12840
				12841	<p>Example 2:</p>
				12842	<p>Logical right shift of the number 6 (0110 in binary) by two bits.</p>
				12843
				12844	<div>
				12845	<div>
				12846	<pre class="source">{ "BitSHIFT": BITSHIFT(6,-2) };
				12847	</pre></div></div>
				12848	</li>
				12849	<li>
				12850
				12851	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12852
				12853	<div>
				12854	<div>
				12855	<pre class="source">{ "BitSHIFT": 1 }
				12856	</pre></div></div>
				12857
				12858	<p>This results in 1 (0001 in binary) because the 1-bit in position 3 moved to position 1 and the 1-bit in position 2 was dropped.</p>
				12859	</li>
				12860	<li>
				12861
				12862	<p>Example 2b:</p>
				12863	<p>Circular right shift of the number 6 (0110 in binary) by two bits.</p>
				12864
				12865	<div>
				12866	<div>
				12867	<pre class="source">{ "BitSHIFT": BITSHIFT(6,-2,TRUE) };
				12868	</pre></div></div>
				12869	</li>
				12870	<li>
				12871
				12872	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12873
				12874	<div>
				12875	<div>
				12876	<pre class="source">{ "BitSHIFT": -9223372036854775807 }
				12877	</pre></div></div>
				12878
				12879	<p>This results in -9223372036854775807 (1100 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 in binary) because the two 1-bits wrapped right, around to the Most Significant Digit position and changed the integer’s sign to negative.</p>
				12880	</li>
				12881	<li>
				12882
				12883	<p>Example 3:</p>
				12884	<p>Circular left shift of the number 524288 (1000 0000 0000 0000 0000 in binary) by 45 bits.</p>
				12885
				12886	<div>
				12887	<div>
				12888	<pre class="source">{ "BitSHIFT": BITSHIFT(524288,45,TRUE) };
				12889	</pre></div></div>
				12890	</li>
				12891	<li>
				12892
				12893	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				12894
				12895	<div>
				12896	<div>
				12897	<pre class="source">{ "BitSHIFT": 1 }
				12898	</pre></div></div>
				12899
				12900	<p>This results in 1 because the 1-bit wrapped left, around to the Least Significant Digit position.</p>
				12901	</li>
				12902	</ul></div>
				12903	<div class="section">
				12904	<h3><a name="bittest"></a>bittest</h3>
				12905	<ul>
				12906
				12907	<li>
				12908
				12909	<p>Syntax:</p>
				12910
				12911	<div>
				12912	<div>
				12913	<pre class="source">BITTEST(int_value, positions [, all_set])
				12914	</pre></div></div>
				12915	</li>
				12916	<li>
				12917
				12918	<p>Returns TRUE if the specified bit, or bits, is a 1; otherwise, returns FALSE if the specified bit, or bits, is a 0 (zero).</p>
				12919	<p><b>Note:</b> Specifying a negative or zero bit position will result in null being returned.</p>
				12920	</li>
				12921	<li>
				12922
				12923	<p>Arguments:</p>
				12924	<ul>
				12925
				12926	<li>
				12927
				12928	<p><tt>int_value</tt>: An integer, or any valid expression which evaluates to an integer, that contains the target bit or bits to test.</p>
				12929	</li>
				12930	<li>
				12931
				12932	<p><tt>positions</tt>: An integer or an array of integers specifying the position or positions to be tested.</p>
				12933	</li>
				12934	<li>
				12935
				12936	<p><tt>all_set</tt>: (Optional) A boolean, or any valid expression which evaluates to a boolean.</p>
				12937	<ul>
				12938
				12939	<li>
				12940
				12941	<p>When <tt>all_set</tt> is FALSE, then it returns TRUE even if one bit in one of the positions is set.</p>
				12942	</li>
				12943	<li>
				12944
				12945	<p>When <tt>all_set</tt> is TRUE, then it returns TRUE only if all input positions are set.</p>
				12946	</li>
				12947	</ul>
				12948	<p>If omitted, the default is FALSE.</p>
				12949	</li>
				12950	</ul>
				12951	</li>
				12952	<li>
				12953
				12954	<p>Return Value:</p>
				12955	<ul>
				12956
				12957	<li>A boolean, that follows the below table:
				12958	<table border="0" class="table table-striped">
				12959	<thead>
				12960
				12961	<tr class="a">
				12962	<th> <tt>int_value</tt> </th>
				12963	<th> <tt>all_set</tt> </th>
				12964	<th> Return Value </th></tr>
				12965	</thead><tbody>
				12966
				12967	<tr class="b">
				12968	<td> <i>all</i> specified bits are TRUE </td>
				12969	<td> FALSE </td>
				12970	<td> TRUE </td></tr>
				12971	<tr class="a">
				12972	<td> <i>all</i> specified bits are TRUE </td>
				12973	<td> TRUE </td>
				12974	<td> TRUE </td></tr>
				12975	<tr class="b">
				12976	<td> <i>some</i> specified bits are TRUE </td>
				12977	<td> FALSE </td>
				12978	<td> TRUE </td></tr>
				12979	<tr class="a">
				12980	<td> <i>some</i> specified bits are TRUE </td>
				12981	<td> TRUE </td>
				12982	<td> FALSE </td></tr>
				12983	</tbody>
				12984	</table>
				12985	</li>
				12986	</ul>
				12987	</li>
				12988	<li>
				12989
				12990	<p>Limitations:</p>
				12991	<ul>
				12992
				12993	<li>Input values must be integers (such as 1 or 1.0) and cannot contain decimals (such as 1.2).</li>
				12994	</ul>
				12995	</li>
				12996	<li>
				12997
				12998	<p>Example 1:</p>
				12999	<p>In the number 6 (0110 in binary), is bit 1 set?</p>
				13000
				13001	<div>
				13002	<div>
				13003	<pre class="source">{ "IsBitSET": ISBITSET(6,1) };
				13004	</pre></div></div>
				13005	</li>
				13006	<li>
				13007
				13008	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				13009
				13010	<div>
				13011	<div>
				13012	<pre class="source">{ "IsBitSET": false }
				13013	</pre></div></div>
				13014
				13015	<p>This returns FALSE because bit 1 of 6 (011<b>0</b> in binary) is not set to 1.</p>
				13016	</li>
				13017	<li>
				13018
				13019	<p>Example 2:</p>
				13020	<p>In the number 1, is either bit 1 or bit 2 set?</p>
				13021
				13022	<div>
				13023	<div>
				13024	<pre class="source">{ "BitTEST": BITTEST(1,[1,2],FALSE) };
				13025	</pre></div></div>
				13026	</li>
				13027	<li>
				13028
				13029	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				13030
				13031	<div>
				13032	<div>
				13033	<pre class="source">{ "BitTEST": true }
				13034	</pre></div></div>
				13035
				13036	<p>This returns TRUE because bit 1 of the number 1 (000<b>1</b> in binary) is set to 1.</p>
				13037	</li>
				13038	<li>
				13039
				13040	<p>Example 3:</p>
				13041	<p>In the number 6 (0110 in binary), are both bits 2 and 3 set?</p>
				13042
				13043	<div>
				13044	<div>
				13045	<pre class="source">{ "IsBitSET": ISBITSET(6,[2,3],TRUE) };
				13046	</pre></div></div>
				13047	</li>
				13048	<li>
				13049
				13050	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				13051
				13052	<div>
				13053	<div>
				13054	<pre class="source">{ "IsBitSET": true }
				13055	</pre></div></div>
				13056
				13057	<p>This returns TRUE because both bits 2 and 3 in the number 6 (0<b>11</b>0 in binary) are set to 1.</p>
				13058	</li>
				13059	<li>
				13060
				13061	<p>Example 4:</p>
				13062	<p>In the number 6 (0110 in binary), are all the bits in positions 1 through 3 set?</p>
				13063
				13064	<div>
				13065	<div>
				13066	<pre class="source">{ "BitTEST": BITTEST(6,[1,3],TRUE) };
				13067	</pre></div></div>
				13068	</li>
				13069	<li>
				13070
				13071	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				13072
				13073	<div>
				13074	<div>
				13075	<pre class="source">{ "BitTEST": false }
				13076	</pre></div></div>
				13077
				13078	<p>This returns FALSE because bit 1 in the number 6 (011<b>0</b> in binary) is set to 0 (zero).</p>
				13079	</li>
				13080	</ul>
				13081	<p>The function has an alias <tt>isbitset</tt>.</p></div>
				13082	<div class="section">
				13083	<h3><a name="bitxor"></a>bitxor</h3>
				13084	<ul>
				13085
				13086	<li>
				13087
				13088	<p>Syntax:</p>
				13089
				13090	<div>
				13091	<div>
				13092	<pre class="source">BITXOR(int_value1, int_value2, ... , int_valueN)
				13093	</pre></div></div>
				13094	</li>
				13095	<li>
				13096
				13097	<p>Returns the result of a bitwise Exclusive OR operation performed on two or more integer values.</p>
				13098	<p>The bitwise Exclusive OR operation compares each bit of <tt>int_value1</tt> to the corresponding bit of <tt>int_value2</tt>.</p>
				13099	<p>If there are more than two input values, the first two are compared; then their result is compared to the next input value; and so on.</p>
				13100	<p>When the compared bits do not match, the result bit is 1; otherwise, the compared bits do match, and the result bit is 0 (zero), as summarized:</p>
				13101	<table border="0" class="table table-striped">
				13102	<thead>
				13103
				13104	<tr class="a">
				13105	<th> Bit 1 </th>
				13106	<th> Bit 2 </th>
				13107	<th> XOR Result Bit </th></tr>
				13108	</thead><tbody>
				13109
				13110	<tr class="b">
				13111	<td> 0 </td>
				13112	<td> 0 </td>
				13113	<td> 0 </td></tr>
				13114	<tr class="a">
				13115	<td> 0 </td>
				13116	<td> 1 </td>
				13117	<td> 1 </td></tr>
				13118	<tr class="b">
				13119	<td> 1 </td>
				13120	<td> 0 </td>
				13121	<td> 1 </td></tr>
				13122	<tr class="a">
				13123	<td> 1 </td>
				13124	<td> 1 </td>
				13125	<td> 0 </td></tr>
				13126	</tbody>
				13127	</table>
				13128	</li>
				13129	<li>
				13130
				13131	<p>Arguments:</p>
				13132	<ul>
				13133
				13134	<li><tt>int_valueI</tt>: Integers, or any valid expressions which evaluate to integers, that are used to compare.</li>
				13135	</ul>
				13136	</li>
				13137	<li>
				13138
				13139	<p>Return Value:</p>
				13140	<ul>
				13141
				13142	<li>An integer, representing the bitwise XOR between the input integers.</li>
				13143	</ul>
				13144	</li>
				13145	<li>
				13146
				13147	<p>Limitations:</p>
				13148	<ul>
				13149
				13150	<li>Input values must be integers (such as 1 or 1.0) and cannot contain decimals (such as 1.2).</li>
				13151	</ul>
				13152	</li>
				13153	<li>
				13154
				13155	<p>Example 1:</p>
				13156	<p>Perform the XOR operation on 3 (0011 in binary) and 6 (0110 in binary).</p>
				13157
				13158	<div>
				13159	<div>
				13160	<pre class="source">{ "BitXOR": BITXOR(3,6) };
				13161	</pre></div></div>
				13162	</li>
				13163	<li>
				13164
				13165	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				13166
				13167	<div>
				13168	<div>
				13169	<pre class="source">{ "BitXOR": 5 }
				13170	</pre></div></div>
				13171
				13172	<p>This returns 5 (0101 in binary) because the 1st bit pair and 3rd bit pair are different (resulting in 1) while the 2nd bit pair and 4th bit pair are the same (resulting in 0):</p>
				13173
				13174	<div>
				13175	<div>
				13176	<pre class="source">0011 (3)
				13177	0110 (6)
				13178	====
				13179	0101 (5)
				13180	</pre></div></div>
				13181	</li>
				13182	<li>
				13183
				13184	<p>Example 2:</p>
				13185	<p>Perform the XOR operation on 3 (0011 in binary) and 6 (0110 in binary) and 15 (1111 in binary).</p>
				13186
				13187	<div>
				13188	<div>
				13189	<pre class="source">{ "BitXOR": BITXOR(3,6,15) };
				13190	</pre></div></div>
				13191	</li>
				13192	<li>
				13193
				13194	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				13195
				13196	<div>
				13197	<div>
				13198	<pre class="source">{ "BitXOR": 10 }
				13199	</pre></div></div>
				13200
				13201	<p>This returns 10 (1010 in binary) because 3 XOR 6 equals 5 (0101 in binary), and then 5 XOR 15 equals 10 (1010 in binary).</p>
				13202	</li>
				13203	</ul><!--
				13204	! Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
				13205	! or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
				13206	! distributed with this work for additional information
				13207	! regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
				13208	! to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
				13209	! "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
				13210	! with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
				13211	!
				13212	! http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
				13213	!
				13214	! Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
				13215	! software distributed under the License is distributed on an
				13216	! "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
				13217	! KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
				13218	! specific language governing permissions and limitations
				13219	! under the License.
				13220	!-->
				13221	</div></div>
				13222	<div class="section">
				13223	<h2><a name="Window_Functions"></a><a name="WindowFunctions" id="WindowFunctions">Window Functions</a></h2>
				13224	<p>Window functions are used to compute an aggregate or cumulative value, based on a portion of the tuples selected by a query. For each input tuple, a movable window of tuples is defined. The window determines the tuples to be used by the window function.</p>
				13225	<p>The tuples are not grouped into a single output tuple — each tuple remains separate in the query output.</p>
				13226	<p>All window functions must be used with an OVER clause. Refer to <a href="manual.html#Over_clauses">Window Queries</a> for details.</p>
				13227	<p>Window functions cannot appear in the FROM clause clause or LIMIT clause.</p>
				13228	<div class="section">
				13229	<h3><a name="cume_dist"></a>cume_dist</h3>
				13230	<ul>
				13231
				13232	<li>
				13233
				13234	<p>Syntax:</p>
				13235
				13236	<div>
				13237	<div>
				13238	<pre class="source">CUME_DIST() OVER ([window-partition-clause] [window-order-clause])
				13239	</pre></div></div>
				13240	</li>
				13241	<li>
				13242
				13243	<p>Returns the percentile rank of the current tuple as part of the cumulative distribution – that is, the number of tuples ranked lower than or equal to the current tuple, including the current tuple, divided by the total number of tuples in the window partition.</p>
				13244	<p>The window order clause determines the sort order of the tuples. If the window order clause is omitted, the function returns the same result (1.0) for each tuple.</p>
				13245	</li>
				13246	<li>
				13247
				13248	<p>Arguments:</p>
				13249	<ul>
				13250
				13251	<li>None.</li>
				13252	</ul>
				13253	</li>
				13254	<li>
				13255
				13256	<p>Clauses:</p>
				13257	<ul>
				13258
				13259	<li>
				13260
				13261	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_partition_clause">Window Partition Clause</a>.</p>
				13262	</li>
				13263	<li>
				13264
				13265	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_order_clause">Window Order Clause</a>.</p>
				13266	</li>
				13267	</ul>
				13268	</li>
				13269	<li>
				13270
				13271	<p>Return Value:</p>
				13272	<ul>
				13273
				13274	<li>A number greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1. The higher the value, the higher the ranking.</li>
				13275	</ul>
				13276	</li>
				13277	<li>
				13278
				13279	<p>Example:</p>
				13280	<p>For each author, find the cumulative distribution of all messages in order of message ID.</p>
				13281
				13282	<div>
				13283	<div>
				13284	<pre class="source">SELECT m.messageId, m.authorId, CUME_DIST() OVER (
				13285	PARTITION BY m.authorId
				13286	ORDER BY m.messageId
				13287	) AS `rank`
				13288	FROM GleambookMessages AS m;
				13289	</pre></div></div>
				13290	</li>
				13291	<li>
				13292
				13293	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				13294
				13295	<div>
				13296	<div>
				13297	<pre class="source">[
				13298	{
				13299	"rank": 0.2,
				13300	"messageId": 2,
				13301	"authorId": 1
				13302	},
				13303	{
				13304	"rank": 0.4,
				13305	"messageId": 4,
				13306	"authorId": 1
				13307	},
				13308	{
				13309	"rank": 0.6,
				13310	"messageId": 8,
				13311	"authorId": 1
				13312	},
				13313	{
				13314	"rank": 0.8,
				13315	"messageId": 10,
				13316	"authorId": 1
				13317	},
				13318	{
				13319	"rank": 1,
				13320	"messageId": 11,
				13321	"authorId": 1
				13322	},
				13323	{
				13324	"rank": 0.5,
				13325	"messageId": 3,
				13326	"authorId": 2
				13327	},
				13328	{
				13329	"rank": 1,
				13330	"messageId": 6,
				13331	"authorId": 2
				13332	}
				13333	]
				13334	</pre></div></div>
				13335	</li>
				13336	</ul></div>
				13337	<div class="section">
				13338	<h3><a name="dense_rank"></a>dense_rank</h3>
				13339	<ul>
				13340
				13341	<li>
				13342
				13343	<p>Syntax:</p>
				13344
				13345	<div>
				13346	<div>
				13347	<pre class="source">DENSE_RANK() OVER ([window-partition-clause] [window-order-clause])
				13348	</pre></div></div>
				13349	</li>
				13350	<li>
				13351
				13352	<p>Returns the dense rank of the current tuple – that is, the number of distinct tuples preceding this tuple in the current window partition, plus one.</p>
				13353	<p>The tuples are ordered by the window order clause. If any tuples are tied, they will have the same rank. If the window order clause is omitted, the function returns the same result (1) for each tuple.</p>
				13354	<p>For this function, when any tuples have the same rank, the rank of the next tuple will be consecutive, so there will not be a gap in the sequence of returned values. For example, if there are three tuples ranked 2, the next dense rank is 3.</p>
				13355	</li>
				13356	<li>
				13357
				13358	<p>Arguments:</p>
				13359	<ul>
				13360
				13361	<li>None.</li>
				13362	</ul>
				13363	</li>
				13364	<li>
				13365
				13366	<p>Clauses:</p>
				13367	<ul>
				13368
				13369	<li>
				13370
				13371	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_partition_clause">Window Partition Clause</a>.</p>
				13372	</li>
				13373	<li>
				13374
				13375	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_order_clause">Window Order Clause</a>.</p>
				13376	</li>
				13377	</ul>
				13378	</li>
				13379	<li>
				13380
				13381	<p>Return Value:</p>
				13382	<ul>
				13383
				13384	<li>An integer, greater than or equal to 1.</li>
				13385	</ul>
				13386	</li>
				13387	<li>
				13388
				13389	<p>Example:</p>
				13390	<p>For each author, find the dense rank of all messages in order of location.</p>
				13391
				13392	<div>
				13393	<div>
				13394	<pre class="source">SELECT m.authorId, m.messageId, m.senderLocation[1] as longitude,
				13395	DENSE_RANK() OVER (
				13396	PARTITION BY m.authorId
				13397	ORDER BY m.senderLocation[1]
				13398	) AS `rank`
				13399	FROM GleambookMessages AS m;
				13400	</pre></div></div>
				13401	</li>
				13402	<li>
				13403
				13404	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				13405
				13406	<div>
				13407	<div>
				13408	<pre class="source">[
				13409	{
				13410	"rank": 1,
				13411	"authorId": 1,
				13412	"messageId": 10,
				13413	"longitude": 70.01
				13414	},
				13415	{
				13416	"rank": 2,
				13417	"authorId": 1,
				13418	"messageId": 11,
				13419	"longitude": 77.49
				13420	},
				13421	{
				13422	"rank": 3,
				13423	"authorId": 1,
				13424	"messageId": 2,
				13425	"longitude": 80.87
				13426	},
				13427	{
				13428	"rank": 3,
				13429	"authorId": 1,
				13430	"messageId": 8,
				13431	"longitude": 80.87
				13432	},
				13433	{
				13434	"rank": 4,
				13435	"authorId": 1,
				13436	"messageId": 4,
				13437	"longitude": 97.04
				13438	},
				13439	{
				13440	"rank": 1,
				13441	"authorId": 2,
				13442	"messageId": 6,
				13443	"longitude": 75.56
				13444	},
				13445	{
				13446	"rank": 2,
				13447	"authorId": 2,
				13448	"messageId": 3,
				13449	"longitude": 81.01
				13450	}
				13451	]
				13452	</pre></div></div>
				13453	</li>
				13454	</ul></div>
				13455	<div class="section">
				13456	<h3><a name="first_value"></a>first_value</h3>
				13457	<ul>
				13458
				13459	<li>
				13460
				13461	<p>Syntax:</p>
				13462
				13463	<div>
				13464	<div>
				13465	<pre class="source">FIRST_VALUE(expr) [nulls-treatment] OVER (window-definition)
				13466	</pre></div></div>
				13467	</li>
				13468	<li>
				13469
				13470	<p>Returns the requested value from the first tuple in the current window frame, where the window frame is specified by the window definition.</p>
				13471	</li>
				13472	<li>
				13473
				13474	<p>Arguments:</p>
				13475	<ul>
				13476
				13477	<li><tt>expr</tt>: The value that you want to return from the first tuple in the window frame. <sup>[</sup><a href="#fn_1"><sup>1</sup></a><sup>]</sup></li>
				13478	</ul>
				13479	</li>
				13480	<li>
				13481
				13482	<p>Modifiers:</p>
				13483	<ul>
				13484
				13485	<li><a href="manual.html#Nulls_treatment">Nulls Treatment</a>: (Optional) Determines how NULL or MISSING values are treated when finding the first value in the window frame.
				13486	<ul>
				13487
				13488	<li>
				13489
				13490	<p><tt>IGNORE NULLS</tt>: If the values for any tuples evaluate to NULL or MISSING, those tuples are ignored when finding the first tuple. In this case, the function returns the first non-NULL, non-MISSING value.</p>
				13491	</li>
				13492	<li>
				13493
				13494	<p><tt>RESPECT NULLS</tt>: If the values for any tuples evaluate to NULL or MISSING, those tuples are included when finding the first tuple.</p>
				13495	</li>
				13496	</ul>
				13497	<p>If this modifier is omitted, the default is <tt>RESPECT NULLS</tt>.</p>
				13498	</li>
				13499	</ul>
				13500	</li>
				13501	<li>
				13502
				13503	<p>Clauses:</p>
				13504	<ul>
				13505
				13506	<li>
				13507
				13508	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_partition_clause">Window Partition Clause</a>.</p>
				13509	</li>
				13510	<li>
				13511
				13512	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_order_clause">Window Order Clause</a>.</p>
				13513	</li>
				13514	<li>
				13515
				13516	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_frame_clause">Window Frame Clause</a>.</p>
				13517	</li>
				13518	</ul>
				13519	</li>
				13520	<li>
				13521
				13522	<p>Return Value:</p>
				13523	<ul>
				13524
				13525	<li>
				13526
				13527	<p>The specified value from the first tuple. The order of the tuples is determined by the window order clause.</p>
				13528	</li>
				13529	<li>
				13530
				13531	<p>NULL, if the frame was empty or if all values were NULL or MISSING and the <tt>IGNORE NULLS</tt> modifier was specified.</p>
				13532	</li>
				13533	<li>
				13534
				13535	<p>In the following cases, this function may return unpredictable results.</p>
				13536	<ul>
				13537
				13538	<li>
				13539
				13540	<p>If the window order clause is omitted.</p>
				13541	</li>
				13542	<li>
				13543
				13544	<p>If the window frame is defined by <tt>ROWS</tt>, and there are tied tuples in the window frame.</p>
				13545	</li>
				13546	</ul>
				13547	</li>
				13548	<li>
				13549
				13550	<p>To make the function return deterministic results, add a window order clause, or add further ordering terms to the window order clause so that no tuples are tied.</p>
				13551	</li>
				13552	<li>
				13553
				13554	<p>If the window frame is defined by <tt>RANGE</tt> or <tt>GROUPS</tt>, and there are tied tuples in the window frame, the function returns the first value of the input expression.</p>
				13555	</li>
				13556	</ul>
				13557	</li>
				13558	<li>
				13559
				13560	<p>Example:</p>
				13561	<p>For each author, show the length of each message, including the length of the shortest message from that author.</p>
				13562
				13563	<div>
				13564	<div>
				13565	<pre class="source">SELECT m.authorId, m.messageId,
				13566	LENGTH(m.message) AS message_length,
				13567	FIRST_VALUE(LENGTH(m.message)) OVER (
				13568	PARTITION BY m.authorId
				13569	ORDER BY LENGTH(m.message)
				13570	) AS shortest_message
				13571	FROM GleambookMessages AS m;
				13572	</pre></div></div>
				13573	</li>
				13574	<li>
				13575
				13576	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				13577
				13578	<div>
				13579	<div>
				13580	<pre class="source">[
				13581	{
				13582	"message_length": 31,
				13583	"shortest_message": 31,
				13584	"authorId": 1,
				13585	"messageId": 8
				13586	},
				13587	{
				13588	"message_length": 39,
				13589	"shortest_message": 31,
				13590	"authorId": 1,
				13591	"messageId": 11
				13592	},
				13593	{
				13594	"message_length": 44,
				13595	"shortest_message": 31,
				13596	"authorId": 1,
				13597	"messageId": 4
				13598	},
				13599	{
				13600	"message_length": 45,
				13601	"shortest_message": 31,
				13602	"authorId": 1,
				13603	"messageId": 2
				13604	},
				13605	{
				13606	"message_length": 51,
				13607	"shortest_message": 31,
				13608	"authorId": 1,
				13609	"messageId": 10
				13610	},
				13611	{
				13612	"message_length": 35,
				13613	"shortest_message": 35,
				13614	"authorId": 2,
				13615	"messageId": 3
				13616	},
				13617	{
				13618	"message_length": 44,
				13619	"shortest_message": 35,
				13620	"authorId": 2,
				13621	"messageId": 6
				13622	}
				13623	]
				13624	</pre></div></div>
				13625	</li>
				13626	</ul></div>
				13627	<div class="section">
				13628	<h3><a name="lag"></a>lag</h3>
				13629	<ul>
				13630
				13631	<li>
				13632
				13633	<p>Syntax:</p>
				13634
				13635	<div>
				13636	<div>
				13637	<pre class="source">LAG(expr[, offset[, default]]) [nulls-treatment] OVER ([window-partition-clause] [window-order-clause])
				13638	</pre></div></div>
				13639	</li>
				13640	<li>
				13641
				13642	<p>Returns the value from a tuple at a given offset prior to the current tuple position.</p>
				13643	<p>The window order clause determines the sort order of the tuples. If the window order clause is omitted, the return values may be unpredictable.</p>
				13644	</li>
				13645	<li>
				13646
				13647	<p>Arguments:</p>
				13648	<ul>
				13649
				13650	<li>
				13651
				13652	<p><tt>expr</tt>: The value that you want to return from the offset tuple. <sup>[</sup><a href="#fn_1"><sup>1</sup></a><sup>]</sup></p>
				13653	</li>
				13654	<li>
				13655
				13656	<p><tt>offset</tt>: (Optional) A positive integer. If omitted, the default is 1.</p>
				13657	</li>
				13658	<li>
				13659
				13660	<p><tt>default</tt>: (Optional) The value to return when the offset goes out of partition scope. If omitted, the default is NULL.</p>
				13661	</li>
				13662	</ul>
				13663	</li>
				13664	<li>
				13665
				13666	<p>Modifiers:</p>
				13667	<ul>
				13668
				13669	<li><a href="manual.html#Nulls_treatment">Nulls Treatment</a>: (Optional) Determines how NULL or MISSING values are treated when finding the offset tuple in the window partition.
				13670	<ul>
				13671
				13672	<li>
				13673
				13674	<p><tt>IGNORE NULLS</tt>: If the values for any tuples evaluate to NULL or MISSING, those tuples are ignored when finding the offset tuple.</p>
				13675	</li>
				13676	<li>
				13677
				13678	<p><tt>RESPECT NULLS</tt>: If the values for any tuples evaluate to NULL or MISSING, those tuples are included when finding the offset tuple.</p>
				13679	</li>
				13680	</ul>
				13681	<p>If this modifier is omitted, the default is <tt>RESPECT NULLS</tt>.</p>
				13682	</li>
				13683	</ul>
				13684	</li>
				13685	<li>
				13686
				13687	<p>Clauses:</p>
				13688	<ul>
				13689
				13690	<li>
				13691
				13692	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_partition_clause">Window Partition Clause</a>.</p>
				13693	</li>
				13694	<li>
				13695
				13696	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_order_clause">Window Order Clause</a>.</p>
				13697	</li>
				13698	</ul>
				13699	</li>
				13700	<li>
				13701
				13702	<p>Return Value:</p>
				13703	<ul>
				13704
				13705	<li>
				13706
				13707	<p>The specified value from the offset tuple.</p>
				13708	</li>
				13709	<li>
				13710
				13711	<p>If the offset tuple is out of partition scope, it returns the default value, or NULL if no default is specified.</p>
				13712	</li>
				13713	</ul>
				13714	</li>
				13715	<li>
				13716
				13717	<p>Example:</p>
				13718	<p>For each author, show the length of each message, including the length of the next-shortest message.</p>
				13719
				13720	<div>
				13721	<div>
				13722	<pre class="source">SELECT m.authorId, m.messageId,
				13723	LENGTH(m.message) AS message_length,
				13724	LAG(LENGTH(m.message), 1, "No shorter message") OVER (
				13725	PARTITION BY m.authorId
				13726	ORDER BY LENGTH(m.message)
				13727	) AS next_shortest_message
				13728	FROM GleambookMessages AS m;
				13729	</pre></div></div>
				13730	</li>
				13731	<li>
				13732
				13733	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				13734
				13735	<div>
				13736	<div>
				13737	<pre class="source">[
				13738	{
				13739	"message_length": 31,
				13740	"authorId": 1,
				13741	"messageId": 8,
				13742	"next_shortest_message": "No shorter message"
				13743	},
				13744	{
				13745	"message_length": 39,
				13746	"authorId": 1,
				13747	"messageId": 11,
				13748	"next_shortest_message": 31
				13749	},
				13750	{
				13751	"message_length": 44,
				13752	"authorId": 1,
				13753	"messageId": 4,
				13754	"next_shortest_message": 39
				13755	},
				13756	{
				13757	"message_length": 45,
				13758	"authorId": 1,
				13759	"messageId": 2,
				13760	"next_shortest_message": 44
				13761	},
				13762	{
				13763	"message_length": 51,
				13764	"authorId": 1,
				13765	"messageId": 10,
				13766	"next_shortest_message": 45
				13767	},
				13768	{
				13769	"message_length": 35,
				13770	"authorId": 2,
				13771	"messageId": 3,
				13772	"next_shortest_message": "No shorter message"
				13773	},
				13774	{
				13775	"message_length": 44,
				13776	"authorId": 2,
				13777	"messageId": 6,
				13778	"next_shortest_message": 35
				13779	}
				13780	]
				13781	</pre></div></div>
				13782	</li>
				13783	</ul></div>
				13784	<div class="section">
				13785	<h3><a name="last_value"></a>last_value</h3>
				13786	<ul>
				13787
				13788	<li>
				13789
				13790	<p>Syntax:</p>
				13791
				13792	<div>
				13793	<div>
				13794	<pre class="source">LAST_VALUE(expr) [nulls-treatment] OVER (window-definition)
				13795	</pre></div></div>
				13796	</li>
				13797	<li>
				13798
				13799	<p>Returns the requested value from the last tuple in the current window frame, where the window frame is specified by the window definition.</p>
				13800	</li>
				13801	<li>
				13802
				13803	<p>Arguments:</p>
				13804	<ul>
				13805
				13806	<li><tt>expr</tt>: The value that you want to return from the last tuple in the window frame. <sup>[</sup><a href="#fn_1"><sup>1</sup></a><sup>]</sup></li>
				13807	</ul>
				13808	</li>
				13809	<li>
				13810
				13811	<p>Modifiers:</p>
				13812	<ul>
				13813
				13814	<li><a href="manual.html#Nulls_treatment">Nulls Treatment</a>: (Optional) Determines how NULL or MISSING values are treated when finding the last tuple in the window frame.
				13815	<ul>
				13816
				13817	<li>
				13818
				13819	<p><tt>IGNORE NULLS</tt>: If the values for any tuples evaluate to NULL or MISSING, those tuples are ignored when finding the last tuple. In this case, the function returns the last non-NULL, non-MISSING value.</p>
				13820	</li>
				13821	<li>
				13822
				13823	<p><tt>RESPECT NULLS</tt>: If the values for any tuples evaluate to NULL or MISSING, those tuples are included when finding the last tuple.</p>
				13824	</li>
				13825	</ul>
				13826	<p>If this modifier is omitted, the default is <tt>RESPECT NULLS</tt>.</p>
				13827	</li>
				13828	</ul>
				13829	</li>
				13830	<li>
				13831
				13832	<p>Clauses:</p>
				13833	<ul>
				13834
				13835	<li>
				13836
				13837	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_partition_clause">Window Partition Clause</a>.</p>
				13838	</li>
				13839	<li>
				13840
				13841	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_order_clause">Window Order Clause</a>.</p>
				13842	</li>
				13843	<li>
				13844
				13845	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_frame_clause">Window Frame Clause</a>.</p>
				13846	</li>
				13847	</ul>
				13848	</li>
				13849	<li>
				13850
				13851	<p>Return Value:</p>
				13852	<ul>
				13853
				13854	<li>
				13855
				13856	<p>The specified value from the last tuple. The order of the tuples is determined by the window order clause.</p>
				13857	</li>
				13858	<li>
				13859
				13860	<p>NULL, if the frame was empty or if all values were NULL or MISSING and the <tt>IGNORE NULLS</tt> modifier was specified.</p>
				13861	</li>
				13862	<li>
				13863
				13864	<p>In the following cases, this function may return unpredictable results.</p>
				13865	<ul>
				13866
				13867	<li>
				13868
				13869	<p>If the window order clause is omitted.</p>
				13870	</li>
				13871	<li>
				13872
				13873	<p>If the window frame clause is omitted.</p>
				13874	</li>
				13875	<li>
				13876
				13877	<p>If the window frame is defined by <tt>ROWS</tt>, and there are tied tuples in the window frame.</p>
				13878	</li>
				13879	</ul>
				13880	</li>
				13881	<li>
				13882
				13883	<p>To make the function return deterministic results, add a window order clause, or add further ordering terms to the window order clause so that no tuples are tied.</p>
				13884	</li>
				13885	<li>
				13886
				13887	<p>If the window frame is defined by <tt>RANGE</tt> or <tt>GROUPS</tt>, and there are tied tuples in the window frame, the function returns the last value of the input expression.</p>
				13888	</li>
				13889	</ul>
				13890	</li>
				13891	<li>
				13892
				13893	<p>Example:</p>
				13894	<p>For each author, show the length of each message, including the length of the longest message from that author.</p>
				13895
				13896	<div>
				13897	<div>
				13898	<pre class="source">SELECT m.authorId, m.messageId,
				13899	LENGTH(m.message) AS message_length,
				13900	LAST_VALUE(LENGTH(m.message)) OVER (
				13901	PARTITION BY m.authorId
				13902	ORDER BY LENGTH(m.message)
				13903	ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING -- ➊
				13904	) AS longest_message
				13905	FROM GleambookMessages AS m;
				13906	</pre></div></div>
				13907	</li>
				13908	<li>
				13909
				13910	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				13911
				13912	<div>
				13913	<div>
				13914	<pre class="source">[
				13915	{
				13916	"message_length": 31,
				13917	"longest_message": 51,
				13918	"authorId": 1,
				13919	"messageId": 8
				13920	},
				13921	{
				13922	"message_length": 39,
				13923	"longest_message": 51,
				13924	"authorId": 1,
				13925	"messageId": 11
				13926	},
				13927	{
				13928	"message_length": 44,
				13929	"longest_message": 51,
				13930	"authorId": 1,
				13931	"messageId": 4
				13932	},
				13933	{
				13934	"message_length": 45,
				13935	"longest_message": 51,
				13936	"authorId": 1,
				13937	"messageId": 2
				13938	},
				13939	{
				13940	"message_length": 51,
				13941	"longest_message": 51,
				13942	"authorId": 1,
				13943	"messageId": 10
				13944	},
				13945	{
				13946	"message_length": 35,
				13947	"longest_message": 44,
				13948	"authorId": 2,
				13949	"messageId": 3
				13950	},
				13951	{
				13952	"message_length": 44,
				13953	"longest_message": 44,
				13954	"authorId": 2,
				13955	"messageId": 6
				13956	}
				13957	]
				13958	</pre></div></div>
				13959
				13960	<p>➀ This clause specifies that the window frame should extend to the end of the window partition. Without this clause, the end point of the window frame would always be the current tuple. This would mean that the longest message would always be the same as the current message.</p>
				13961	</li>
				13962	</ul></div>
				13963	<div class="section">
				13964	<h3><a name="lead"></a>lead</h3>
				13965	<ul>
				13966
				13967	<li>
				13968
				13969	<p>Syntax:</p>
				13970
				13971	<div>
				13972	<div>
				13973	<pre class="source">LEAD(expr[, offset[, default]]) [nulls-treatment] OVER ([window-partition-clause] [window-order-clause])
				13974	</pre></div></div>
				13975	</li>
				13976	<li>
				13977
				13978	<p>Returns the value from a tuple at a given offset ahead of the current tuple position.</p>
				13979	<p>The window order clause determines the sort order of the tuples. If the window order clause is omitted, the return values may be unpredictable.</p>
				13980	</li>
				13981	<li>
				13982
				13983	<p>Arguments:</p>
				13984	<ul>
				13985
				13986	<li>
				13987
				13988	<p><tt>expr</tt>: The value that you want to return from the offset tuple. <sup>[</sup><a href="#fn_1"><sup>1</sup></a><sup>]</sup></p>
				13989	</li>
				13990	<li>
				13991
				13992	<p><tt>offset</tt>: (Optional) A positive integer. If omitted, the default is 1.</p>
				13993	</li>
				13994	<li>
				13995
				13996	<p><tt>default</tt>: (Optional) The value to return when the offset goes out of window partition scope. If omitted, the default is NULL.</p>
				13997	</li>
				13998	</ul>
				13999	</li>
				14000	<li>
				14001
				14002	<p>Modifiers:</p>
				14003	<ul>
				14004
				14005	<li><a href="manual.html#Nulls_treatment">Nulls Treatment</a>: (Optional) Determines how NULL or MISSING values are treated when finding the offset tuple in the window partition.
				14006	<ul>
				14007
				14008	<li>
				14009
				14010	<p><tt>IGNORE NULLS</tt>: If the values for any tuples evaluate to NULL or MISSING, those tuples are ignored when finding the offset tuple.</p>
				14011	</li>
				14012	<li>
				14013
				14014	<p><tt>RESPECT NULLS</tt>: If the values for any tuples evaluate to NULL or MISSING, those tuples are included when finding the offset tuple.</p>
				14015	</li>
				14016	</ul>
				14017	<p>If this modifier is omitted, the default is <tt>RESPECT NULLS</tt>.</p>
				14018	</li>
				14019	</ul>
				14020	</li>
				14021	<li>
				14022
				14023	<p>Clauses:</p>
				14024	<ul>
				14025
				14026	<li>
				14027
				14028	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_partition_clause">Window Partition Clause</a>.</p>
				14029	</li>
				14030	<li>
				14031
				14032	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_order_clause">Window Order Clause</a>.</p>
				14033	</li>
				14034	</ul>
				14035	</li>
				14036	<li>
				14037
				14038	<p>Return Value:</p>
				14039	<ul>
				14040
				14041	<li>
				14042
				14043	<p>The specified value from the offset tuple.</p>
				14044	</li>
				14045	<li>
				14046
				14047	<p>If the offset tuple is out of partition scope, it returns the default value, or NULL if no default is specified.</p>
				14048	</li>
				14049	</ul>
				14050	</li>
				14051	<li>
				14052
				14053	<p>Example:</p>
				14054	<p>For each author, show the length of each message, including the length of the next-longest message.</p>
				14055
				14056	<div>
				14057	<div>
				14058	<pre class="source">SELECT m.authorId, m.messageId,
				14059	LENGTH(m.message) AS message_length,
				14060	LEAD(LENGTH(m.message), 1, "No longer message") OVER (
				14061	PARTITION BY m.authorId
				14062	ORDER BY LENGTH(m.message)
				14063	) AS next_longest_message
				14064	FROM GleambookMessages AS m;
				14065	</pre></div></div>
				14066	</li>
				14067	<li>
				14068
				14069	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				14070
				14071	<div>
				14072	<div>
				14073	<pre class="source">[
				14074	{
				14075	"message_length": 31,
				14076	"authorId": 1,
				14077	"messageId": 8,
				14078	"next_longest_message": 39
				14079	},
				14080	{
				14081	"message_length": 39,
				14082	"authorId": 1,
				14083	"messageId": 11,
				14084	"next_longest_message": 44
				14085	},
				14086	{
				14087	"message_length": 44,
				14088	"authorId": 1,
				14089	"messageId": 4,
				14090	"next_longest_message": 45
				14091	},
				14092	{
				14093	"message_length": 45,
				14094	"authorId": 1,
				14095	"messageId": 2,
				14096	"next_longest_message": 51
				14097	},
				14098	{
				14099	"message_length": 51,
				14100	"authorId": 1,
				14101	"messageId": 10,
				14102	"next_longest_message": "No longer message"
				14103	},
				14104	{
				14105	"message_length": 35,
				14106	"authorId": 2,
				14107	"messageId": 3,
				14108	"next_longest_message": 44
				14109	},
				14110	{
				14111	"message_length": 44,
				14112	"authorId": 2,
				14113	"messageId": 6,
				14114	"next_longest_message": "No longer message"
				14115	}
				14116	]
				14117	</pre></div></div>
				14118	</li>
				14119	</ul></div>
				14120	<div class="section">
				14121	<h3><a name="nth_value"></a>nth_value</h3>
				14122	<ul>
				14123
				14124	<li>
				14125
				14126	<p>Syntax:</p>
				14127
				14128	<div>
				14129	<div>
				14130	<pre class="source">NTH_VALUE(expr, offset) [nthval-from] [nulls-treatment] OVER (window-definition)
				14131	</pre></div></div>
				14132	</li>
				14133	<li>
				14134
				14135	<p>Returns the requested value from a tuple in the current window frame, where the window frame is specified by the window definition.</p>
				14136	</li>
				14137	<li>
				14138
				14139	<p>Arguments:</p>
				14140	<ul>
				14141
				14142	<li>
				14143
				14144	<p><tt>expr</tt>: The value that you want to return from the offset tuple in the window frame. <sup>[</sup><a href="#fn_1"><sup>1</sup></a><sup>]</sup></p>
				14145	</li>
				14146	<li>
				14147
				14148	<p><tt>offset</tt>: The number of the offset tuple within the window frame, counting from 1.</p>
				14149	</li>
				14150	</ul>
				14151	</li>
				14152	<li>
				14153
				14154	<p>Modifiers:</p>
				14155	<ul>
				14156
				14157	<li>
				14158
				14159	<p><a href="manual.html#Nth_val_from">Nth Val From</a>: (Optional) Determines where the function starts counting the offset.</p>
				14160	<ul>
				14161
				14162	<li>
				14163
				14164	<p><tt>FROM FIRST</tt>: Counting starts at the first tuple in the window frame. In this case, an offset of 1 is the first tuple in the window frame, 2 is the second tuple, and so on.</p>
				14165	</li>
				14166	<li>
				14167
				14168	<p><tt>FROM LAST</tt>: Counting starts at the last tuple in the window frame. In this case, an offset of 1 is the last tuple in the window frame, 2 is the second-to-last tuple, and so on.</p>
				14169	</li>
				14170	</ul>
				14171	<p>The order of the tuples is determined by the window order clause. If this modifier is omitted, the default is <tt>FROM FIRST</tt>.</p>
				14172	</li>
				14173	<li>
				14174
				14175	<p><a href="manual.html#Nulls_treatment">Nulls Treatment</a>: (Optional) Determines how NULL or MISSING values are treated when finding the offset tuple in the window frame.</p>
				14176	<ul>
				14177
				14178	<li>
				14179
				14180	<p><tt>IGNORE NULLS</tt>: If the values for any tuples evaluate to NULL or MISSING, those tuples are ignored when finding the offset tuple.</p>
				14181	</li>
				14182	<li>
				14183
				14184	<p><tt>RESPECT NULLS</tt>: If the values for any tuples evaluate to NULL or MISSING, those tuples are included when finding the offset tuple.</p>
				14185	</li>
				14186	</ul>
				14187	<p>If this modifier is omitted, the default is <tt>RESPECT NULLS</tt>.</p>
				14188	</li>
				14189	</ul>
				14190	</li>
				14191	<li>
				14192
				14193	<p>Clauses:</p>
				14194	<ul>
				14195
				14196	<li>
				14197
				14198	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_partition_clause">Window Partition Clause</a>.</p>
				14199	</li>
				14200	<li>
				14201
				14202	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_order_clause">Window Order Clause</a>.</p>
				14203	</li>
				14204	<li>
				14205
				14206	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_frame_clause">Window Frame Clause</a>.</p>
				14207	</li>
				14208	</ul>
				14209	</li>
				14210	<li>
				14211
				14212	<p>Return Value:</p>
				14213	<ul>
				14214
				14215	<li>
				14216
				14217	<p>The specified value from the offset tuple.</p>
				14218	</li>
				14219	<li>
				14220
				14221	<p>In the following cases, this function may return unpredictable results.</p>
				14222	<ul>
				14223
				14224	<li>
				14225
				14226	<p>If the window order clause is omitted.</p>
				14227	</li>
				14228	<li>
				14229
				14230	<p>If the window frame is defined by <tt>ROWS</tt>, and there are tied tuples in the window frame.</p>
				14231	</li>
				14232	</ul>
				14233	</li>
				14234	<li>
				14235
				14236	<p>To make the function return deterministic results, add a window order clause, or add further ordering terms to the window order clause so that no tuples are tied.</p>
				14237	</li>
				14238	<li>
				14239
				14240	<p>If the window frame is defined by <tt>RANGE</tt> or <tt>GROUPS</tt>, and there are tied tuples in the window frame, the function returns the first value of the input expression when counting <tt>FROM FIRST</tt>, or the last value of the input expression when counting <tt>FROM LAST</tt>.</p>
				14241	</li>
				14242	</ul>
				14243	</li>
				14244	<li>
				14245
				14246	<p>Example 1:</p>
				14247	<p>For each author, show the length of each message, including the length of the second shortest message from that author.</p>
				14248
				14249	<div>
				14250	<div>
				14251	<pre class="source">SELECT m.authorId, m.messageId,
				14252	LENGTH(m.message) AS message_length,
				14253	NTH_VALUE(LENGTH(m.message), 2) FROM FIRST OVER (
				14254	PARTITION BY m.authorId
				14255	ORDER BY LENGTH(m.message)
				14256	ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING -- ➊
				14257	) AS shortest_message_but_1
				14258	FROM GleambookMessages AS m;
				14259	</pre></div></div>
				14260	</li>
				14261	<li>
				14262
				14263	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				14264
				14265	<div>
				14266	<div>
				14267	<pre class="source">[
				14268	{
				14269	"message_length": 31,
				14270	"shortest_message_but_1": 39,
				14271	"authorId": 1,
				14272	"messageId": 8
				14273	},
				14274	{
				14275	"message_length": 39,
				14276	"shortest_message_but_1": 39,
				14277	"authorId": 1,
				14278	"messageId": 11 // ➋
				14279	},
				14280	{
				14281	"message_length": 44,
				14282	"shortest_message_but_1": 39,
				14283	"authorId": 1,
				14284	"messageId": 4
				14285	},
				14286	{
				14287	"message_length": 45,
				14288	"shortest_message_but_1": 39,
				14289	"authorId": 1,
				14290	"messageId": 2
				14291	},
				14292	{
				14293	"message_length": 51,
				14294	"shortest_message_but_1": 39,
				14295	"authorId": 1,
				14296	"messageId": 10
				14297	},
				14298	{
				14299	"message_length": 35,
				14300	"shortest_message_but_1": 44,
				14301	"authorId": 2,
				14302	"messageId": 3
				14303	},
				14304	{
				14305	"message_length": 44,
				14306	"shortest_message_but_1": 44,
				14307	"authorId": 2,
				14308	"messageId": 6 // ➋
				14309	}
				14310	]
				14311	</pre></div></div>
				14312
				14313	<p>➀ This clause specifies that the window frame should extend to the end of the window partition. Without this clause, the end point of the window frame would always be the current tuple. This would mean that for the shortest message, the function would be unable to find the route with the second shortest message.</p>
				14314	<p>➁ The second shortest message from this author.</p>
				14315	</li>
				14316	<li>
				14317
				14318	<p>Example 2:</p>
				14319	<p>For each author, show the length of each message, including the length of the second longest message from that author.</p>
				14320
				14321	<div>
				14322	<div>
				14323	<pre class="source">SELECT m.authorId, m.messageId,
				14324	LENGTH(m.message) AS message_length,
				14325	NTH_VALUE(LENGTH(m.message), 2) FROM LAST OVER (
				14326	PARTITION BY m.authorId
				14327	ORDER BY LENGTH(m.message)
				14328	ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING -- ➊
				14329	) AS longest_message_but_1
				14330	FROM GleambookMessages AS m;
				14331	</pre></div></div>
				14332	</li>
				14333	<li>
				14334
				14335	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				14336
				14337	<div>
				14338	<div>
				14339	<pre class="source">[
				14340	{
				14341	"message_length": 31,
				14342	"longest_message_but_1": 45,
				14343	"authorId": 1,
				14344	"messageId": 8
				14345	},
				14346	{
				14347	"message_length": 39,
				14348	"longest_message_but_1": 45,
				14349	"authorId": 1,
				14350	"messageId": 11
				14351	},
				14352	{
				14353	"message_length": 44,
				14354	"longest_message_but_1": 45,
				14355	"authorId": 1,
				14356	"messageId": 4
				14357	},
				14358	{
				14359	"message_length": 45,
				14360	"longest_message_but_1": 45,
				14361	"authorId": 1,
				14362	"messageId": 2 // ➋
				14363	},
				14364	{
				14365	"message_length": 51,
				14366	"longest_message_but_1": 45,
				14367	"authorId": 1,
				14368	"messageId": 10
				14369	},
				14370	{
				14371	"message_length": 35,
				14372	"longest_message_but_1": 35,
				14373	"authorId": 2,
				14374	"messageId": 3 // ➋
				14375	},
				14376	{
				14377	"message_length": 44,
				14378	"longest_message_but_1": 35,
				14379	"authorId": 2,
				14380	"messageId": 6
				14381	}
				14382	]
				14383	</pre></div></div>
				14384
				14385	<p>➀ This clause specifies that the window frame should extend to the end of the window partition. Without this clause, the end point of the window frame would always be the current tuple. This would mean the function would be unable to find the second longest message for shorter messages.</p>
				14386	<p>➁ The second longest message from this author.</p>
				14387	</li>
				14388	</ul></div>
				14389	<div class="section">
				14390	<h3><a name="ntile"></a>ntile</h3>
				14391	<ul>
				14392
				14393	<li>
				14394
				14395	<p>Syntax:</p>
				14396
				14397	<div>
				14398	<div>
				14399	<pre class="source">NTILE(num_tiles) OVER ([window-partition-clause] [window-order-clause])
				14400	</pre></div></div>
				14401	</li>
				14402	<li>
				14403
				14404	<p>Divides the window partition into the specified number of tiles, and allocates each tuple in the window partition to a tile, so that as far as possible each tile has an equal number of tuples. When the set of tuples is not equally divisible by the number of tiles, the function puts more tuples into the lower-numbered tiles. For each tuple, the function returns the number of the tile into which that tuple was placed.</p>
				14405	<p>The window order clause determines the sort order of the tuples. If the window order clause is omitted then the tuples are processed in an undefined order.</p>
				14406	</li>
				14407	<li>
				14408
				14409	<p>Arguments:</p>
				14410	<ul>
				14411
				14412	<li><tt>num_tiles</tt>: The number of tiles into which you want to divide the window partition. This argument can be an expression and must evaluate to a number. If the number is not an integer, it will be truncated.</li>
				14413	</ul>
				14414	</li>
				14415	<li>
				14416
				14417	<p>Clauses:</p>
				14418	<ul>
				14419
				14420	<li>
				14421
				14422	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_partition_clause">Window Partition Clause</a>.</p>
				14423	</li>
				14424	<li>
				14425
				14426	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_order_clause">Window Order Clause</a>.</p>
				14427	</li>
				14428	</ul>
				14429	</li>
				14430	<li>
				14431
				14432	<p>Return Value:</p>
				14433	<ul>
				14434
				14435	<li>An value greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to the number of tiles.</li>
				14436	</ul>
				14437	</li>
				14438	<li>
				14439
				14440	<p>Example:</p>
				14441	<p>Allocate each message to one of three tiles by length and message ID.</p>
				14442
				14443	<div>
				14444	<div>
				14445	<pre class="source">SELECT m.messageId, LENGTH(m.message) AS `length`,
				14446	NTILE(3) OVER (
				14447	ORDER BY LENGTH(m.message), m.messageId
				14448	) AS `ntile`
				14449	FROM GleambookMessages AS m;
				14450	</pre></div></div>
				14451	</li>
				14452	<li>
				14453
				14454	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				14455
				14456	<div>
				14457	<div>
				14458	<pre class="source">[
				14459	{
				14460	"length": 31,
				14461	"ntile": 1,
				14462	"messageId": 8
				14463	},
				14464	{
				14465	"length": 35,
				14466	"ntile": 1,
				14467	"messageId": 3
				14468	},
				14469	{
				14470	"length": 39,
				14471	"ntile": 1,
				14472	"messageId": 11
				14473	},
				14474	{
				14475	"length": 44,
				14476	"ntile": 2,
				14477	"messageId": 4
				14478	},
				14479	{
				14480	"length": 44,
				14481	"ntile": 2,
				14482	"messageId": 6
				14483	},
				14484	{
				14485	"length": 45,
				14486	"ntile": 3,
				14487	"messageId": 2
				14488	},
				14489	{
				14490	"length": 51,
				14491	"ntile": 3,
				14492	"messageId": 10
				14493	}
				14494	]
				14495	</pre></div></div>
				14496	</li>
				14497	</ul></div>
				14498	<div class="section">
				14499	<h3><a name="percent_rank"></a>percent_rank</h3>
				14500	<ul>
				14501
				14502	<li>
				14503
				14504	<p>Syntax:</p>
				14505
				14506	<div>
				14507	<div>
				14508	<pre class="source">PERCENT_RANK() OVER ([window-partition-clause] [window-order-clause])
				14509	</pre></div></div>
				14510	</li>
				14511	<li>
				14512
				14513	<p>Returns the percentile rank of the current tuple – that is, the rank of the tuples minus one, divided by the total number of tuples in the window partition minus one.</p>
				14514	<p>The window order clause determines the sort order of the tuples. If the window order clause is omitted, the function returns the same result (0) for each tuple.</p>
				14515	</li>
				14516	<li>
				14517
				14518	<p>Arguments:</p>
				14519	<ul>
				14520
				14521	<li>None.</li>
				14522	</ul>
				14523	</li>
				14524	<li>
				14525
				14526	<p>Clauses:</p>
				14527	<ul>
				14528
				14529	<li>
				14530
				14531	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_partition_clause">Window Partition Clause</a>.</p>
				14532	</li>
				14533	<li>
				14534
				14535	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_order_clause">Window Order Clause</a>.</p>
				14536	</li>
				14537	</ul>
				14538	</li>
				14539	<li>
				14540
				14541	<p>Return Value:</p>
				14542	<ul>
				14543
				14544	<li>A number between 0 and 1. The higher the value, the higher the ranking.</li>
				14545	</ul>
				14546	</li>
				14547	<li>
				14548
				14549	<p>Example:</p>
				14550	<p>For each author, find the percentile rank of all messages in order of message ID.</p>
				14551
				14552	<div>
				14553	<div>
				14554	<pre class="source">SELECT m.messageId, m.authorId, PERCENT_RANK() OVER (
				14555	PARTITION BY m.authorId
				14556	ORDER BY m.messageId
				14557	) AS `rank`
				14558	FROM GleambookMessages AS m;
				14559	</pre></div></div>
				14560	</li>
				14561	<li>
				14562
				14563	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				14564
				14565	<div>
				14566	<div>
				14567	<pre class="source">[
				14568	{
				14569	"rank": 0,
				14570	"messageId": 2,
				14571	"authorId": 1
				14572	},
				14573	{
				14574	"rank": 0.25,
				14575	"messageId": 4,
				14576	"authorId": 1
				14577	},
				14578	{
				14579	"rank": 0.5,
				14580	"messageId": 8,
				14581	"authorId": 1
				14582	},
				14583	{
				14584	"rank": 0.75,
				14585	"messageId": 10,
				14586	"authorId": 1
				14587	},
				14588	{
				14589	"rank": 1,
				14590	"messageId": 11,
				14591	"authorId": 1
				14592	},
				14593	{
				14594	"rank": 0,
				14595	"messageId": 3,
				14596	"authorId": 2
				14597	},
				14598	{
				14599	"rank": 1,
				14600	"messageId": 6,
				14601	"authorId": 2
				14602	}
				14603	]
				14604	</pre></div></div>
				14605	</li>
				14606	</ul></div>
				14607	<div class="section">
				14608	<h3><a name="rank"></a>rank</h3>
				14609	<ul>
				14610
				14611	<li>
				14612
				14613	<p>Syntax:</p>
				14614
				14615	<div>
				14616	<div>
				14617	<pre class="source">RANK() OVER ([window-partition-clause] [window-order-clause])
				14618	</pre></div></div>
				14619	</li>
				14620	<li>
				14621
				14622	<p>Returns the rank of the current tuple – that is, the number of distinct tuples preceding this tuple in the current window partition, plus one.</p>
				14623	<p>The tuples are ordered by the window order clause. If any tuples are tied, they will have the same rank. If the window order clause is omitted, the function returns the same result (1) for each tuple.</p>
				14624	<p>When any tuples have the same rank, the rank of the next tuple will include all preceding tuples, so there may be a gap in the sequence of returned values. For example, if there are three tuples ranked 2, the next rank is 5.</p>
				14625	<p>To avoid gaps in the returned values, use the DENSE_RANK() function instead.</p>
				14626	</li>
				14627	<li>
				14628
				14629	<p>Arguments:</p>
				14630	<ul>
				14631
				14632	<li>None.</li>
				14633	</ul>
				14634	</li>
				14635	<li>
				14636
				14637	<p>Clauses:</p>
				14638	<ul>
				14639
				14640	<li>
				14641
				14642	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_partition_clause">Window Partition Clause</a>.</p>
				14643	</li>
				14644	<li>
				14645
				14646	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_order_clause">Window Order Clause</a>.</p>
				14647	</li>
				14648	</ul>
				14649	</li>
				14650	<li>
				14651
				14652	<p>Return Value:</p>
				14653	<ul>
				14654
				14655	<li>An integer, greater than or equal to 1.</li>
				14656	</ul>
				14657	</li>
				14658	<li>
				14659
				14660	<p>Example:</p>
				14661	<p>For each author, find the rank of all messages in order of location.</p>
				14662
				14663	<div>
				14664	<div>
				14665	<pre class="source">SELECT m.authorId, m.messageId, m.senderLocation[1] as longitude,
				14666	RANK() OVER (
				14667	PARTITION BY m.authorId
				14668	ORDER BY m.senderLocation[1]
				14669	) AS `rank`
				14670	FROM GleambookMessages AS m;
				14671	</pre></div></div>
				14672	</li>
				14673	<li>
				14674
				14675	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				14676
				14677	<div>
				14678	<div>
				14679	<pre class="source">[
				14680	{
				14681	"rank": 1,
				14682	"authorId": 1,
				14683	"messageId": 10,
				14684	"longitude": 70.01
				14685	},
				14686	{
				14687	"rank": 2,
				14688	"authorId": 1,
				14689	"messageId": 11,
				14690	"longitude": 77.49
				14691	},
				14692	{
				14693	"rank": 3,
				14694	"authorId": 1,
				14695	"messageId": 2,
				14696	"longitude": 80.87
				14697	},
				14698	{
				14699	"rank": 3,
				14700	"authorId": 1,
				14701	"messageId": 8,
				14702	"longitude": 80.87
				14703	},
				14704	{
				14705	"rank": 5,
				14706	"authorId": 1,
				14707	"messageId": 4,
				14708	"longitude": 97.04
				14709	},
				14710	{
				14711	"rank": 1,
				14712	"authorId": 2,
				14713	"messageId": 6,
				14714	"longitude": 75.56
				14715	},
				14716	{
				14717	"rank": 2,
				14718	"authorId": 2,
				14719	"messageId": 3,
				14720	"longitude": 81.01
				14721	}
				14722	]
				14723	</pre></div></div>
				14724	</li>
				14725	</ul></div>
				14726	<div class="section">
				14727	<h3><a name="ratio_to_report"></a>ratio_to_report</h3>
				14728	<ul>
				14729
				14730	<li>
				14731
				14732	<p>Syntax:</p>
				14733
				14734	<div>
				14735	<div>
				14736	<pre class="source">RATIO_TO_REPORT(expr) OVER (window-definition)
				14737	</pre></div></div>
				14738	</li>
				14739	<li>
				14740
				14741	<p>Returns the fractional ratio of the specified value for each tuple to the sum of values for all tuples in the window frame.</p>
				14742	</li>
				14743	<li>
				14744
				14745	<p>Arguments:</p>
				14746	<ul>
				14747
				14748	<li><tt>expr</tt>: The value for which you want to calculate the fractional ratio. <sup>[</sup><a href="#fn_1"><sup>1</sup></a><sup>]</sup></li>
				14749	</ul>
				14750	</li>
				14751	<li>
				14752
				14753	<p>Clauses:</p>
				14754	<ul>
				14755
				14756	<li>
				14757
				14758	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_partition_clause">Window Partition Clause</a>.</p>
				14759	</li>
				14760	<li>
				14761
				14762	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_order_clause">Window Order Clause</a>.</p>
				14763	</li>
				14764	<li>
				14765
				14766	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_frame_clause">Window Frame Clause</a>.</p>
				14767	</li>
				14768	</ul>
				14769	</li>
				14770	<li>
				14771
				14772	<p>Return Value:</p>
				14773	<ul>
				14774
				14775	<li>
				14776
				14777	<p>A number between 0 and 1, representing the fractional ratio of the value for the current tuple to the sum of values for all tuples in the current window frame. The sum of returned values for all tuples in the current window frame is 1.</p>
				14778	</li>
				14779	<li>
				14780
				14781	<p>If the input expression does not evaluate to a number, or the sum of values for all tuples is zero, it returns NULL.</p>
				14782	</li>
				14783	</ul>
				14784	</li>
				14785	<li>
				14786
				14787	<p>Example:</p>
				14788	<p>For each author, calculate the length of each message as a fraction of the total length of all messages.</p>
				14789
				14790	<div>
				14791	<div>
				14792	<pre class="source">SELECT m.messageId, m.authorId,
				14793	RATIO_TO_REPORT(LENGTH(m.message)) OVER (
				14794	PARTITION BY m.authorId
				14795	) AS length_ratio
				14796	FROM GleambookMessages AS m;
				14797	</pre></div></div>
				14798	</li>
				14799	<li>
				14800
				14801	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				14802
				14803	<div>
				14804	<div>
				14805	<pre class="source">[
				14806	{
				14807	"length_ratio": 0.21428571428571427,
				14808	"messageId": 2,
				14809	"authorId": 1
				14810	},
				14811	{
				14812	"length_ratio": 0.20952380952380953,
				14813	"messageId": 4,
				14814	"authorId": 1
				14815	},
				14816	{
				14817	"length_ratio": 0.14761904761904762,
				14818	"messageId": 8,
				14819	"authorId": 1
				14820	},
				14821	{
				14822	"length_ratio": 0.24285714285714285,
				14823	"messageId": 10,
				14824	"authorId": 1
				14825	},
				14826	{
				14827	"length_ratio": 0.18571428571428572,
				14828	"messageId": 11,
				14829	"authorId": 1
				14830	},
				14831	{
				14832	"length_ratio": 0.4430379746835443,
				14833	"messageId": 3,
				14834	"authorId": 2
				14835	},
				14836	{
				14837	"length_ratio": 0.5569620253164557,
				14838	"messageId": 6,
				14839	"authorId": 2
				14840	}
				14841	]
				14842	</pre></div></div>
				14843	</li>
				14844	</ul></div>
				14845	<div class="section">
				14846	<h3><a name="row_number"></a>row_number</h3>
				14847	<ul>
				14848
				14849	<li>
				14850
				14851	<p>Syntax:</p>
				14852
				14853	<div>
				14854	<div>
				14855	<pre class="source">ROW_NUMBER() OVER ([window-partition-clause] [window-order-clause])
				14856	</pre></div></div>
				14857	</li>
				14858	<li>
				14859
				14860	<p>Returns a unique row number for every tuple in every window partition. In each window partition, the row numbering starts at 1.</p>
				14861	<p>The window order clause determines the sort order of the tuples. If the window order clause is omitted, the return values may be unpredictable.</p>
				14862	</li>
				14863	<li>
				14864
				14865	<p>Arguments:</p>
				14866	<ul>
				14867
				14868	<li>None.</li>
				14869	</ul>
				14870	</li>
				14871	<li>
				14872
				14873	<p>Clauses:</p>
				14874	<ul>
				14875
				14876	<li>
				14877
				14878	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_partition_clause">Window Partition Clause</a>.</p>
				14879	</li>
				14880	<li>
				14881
				14882	<p>(Optional) <a href="manual.html#Window_order_clause">Window Order Clause</a>.</p>
				14883	</li>
				14884	</ul>
				14885	</li>
				14886	<li>
				14887
				14888	<p>Return Value:</p>
				14889	<ul>
				14890
				14891	<li>An integer, greater than or equal to 1.</li>
				14892	</ul>
				14893	</li>
				14894	<li>
				14895
				14896	<p>Example:</p>
				14897	<p>For each author, number all messages in order of length.</p>
				14898
				14899	<div>
				14900	<div>
				14901	<pre class="source">SELECT m.messageId, m.authorId,
				14902	ROW_NUMBER() OVER (
				14903	PARTITION BY m.authorId
				14904	ORDER BY LENGTH(m.message)
				14905	) AS `row`
				14906	FROM GleambookMessages AS m;
				14907	</pre></div></div>
				14908	</li>
				14909	<li>
				14910
				14911	<p>The expected result is:</p>
				14912
				14913	<div>
				14914	<div>
				14915	<pre class="source">[
				14916	{
				14917	"row": 1,
				14918	"messageId": 8,
				14919	"authorId": 1
				14920	},
				14921	{
				14922	"row": 2,
				14923	"messageId": 11,
				14924	"authorId": 1
				14925	},
				14926	{
				14927	"row": 3,
				14928	"messageId": 4,
				14929	"authorId": 1
				14930	},
				14931	{
				14932	"row": 4,
				14933	"messageId": 2,
				14934	"authorId": 1
				14935	},
				14936	{
				14937	"row": 5,
				14938	"messageId": 10,
				14939	"authorId": 1
				14940	},
				14941	{
				14942	"row": 1,
				14943	"messageId": 3,
				14944	"authorId": 2
				14945	},
				14946	{
				14947	"row": 2,
				14948	"messageId": 6,
				14949	"authorId": 2
				14950	}
				14951	]
				14952	</pre></div></div>
				14953	</li>
				14954	</ul><hr />
				14955	<p><a name="fn_1" id="fn_1">1</a>. If the query contains the GROUP BY clause or any <a href="#AggregateFunctions">aggregate functions</a>, this expression must only depend on GROUP BY expressions or aggregate functions.</p></div></div>
				14956	</div>
				14957	</div>
				14958	</div>
				14959	<hr/>
				14960	<footer>
				14961	<div class="container-fluid">
				14962	<div class="row-fluid">
				14963	<div class="row-fluid">Apache AsterixDB, AsterixDB, Apache, the Apache
				14964	feather logo, and the Apache AsterixDB project logo are either
				14965	registered trademarks or trademarks of The Apache Software
				14966	Foundation in the United States and other countries.
				14967	All other marks mentioned may be trademarks or registered
				14968	trademarks of their respective owners.
				14969	</div>
				14970	</div>
				14971	</div>
				14972	</footer>
				14973	</body>
				14974	</html>