diff --git a/algebricks/algebricks-core/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/algebricks/core/jobgen/impl/PlanCompiler.java b/algebricks/algebricks-core/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/algebricks/core/jobgen/impl/PlanCompiler.java
index aa47041..961e527 100644
--- a/algebricks/algebricks-core/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/algebricks/core/jobgen/impl/PlanCompiler.java
+++ b/algebricks/algebricks-core/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/algebricks/core/jobgen/impl/PlanCompiler.java
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
     }
 
     public JobSpecification compilePlan(ILogicalPlan plan, IOperatorSchema outerPlanSchema, IJobletEventListenerFactory jobEventListenerFactory) throws AlgebricksException {
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(context.getFrameSize());
         if (jobEventListenerFactory != null) {
             spec.setJobletEventListenerFactory(jobEventListenerFactory);
         }
diff --git a/algebricks/algebricks-core/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/algebricks/core/rewriter/base/AbstractRuleController.java b/algebricks/algebricks-core/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/algebricks/core/rewriter/base/AbstractRuleController.java
index b61c245..e7b469a 100644
--- a/algebricks/algebricks-core/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/algebricks/core/rewriter/base/AbstractRuleController.java
+++ b/algebricks/algebricks-core/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/algebricks/core/rewriter/base/AbstractRuleController.java
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@
 public abstract class AbstractRuleController {
 
     protected IOptimizationContext context;
-    private LogicalOperatorPrettyPrintVisitor pvisitor = new LogicalOperatorPrettyPrintVisitor();
 
     public AbstractRuleController() {
     }
@@ -65,6 +64,7 @@
     private String getPlanString(Mutable<ILogicalOperator> opRef) throws AlgebricksException {
         if (AlgebricksConfig.ALGEBRICKS_LOGGER.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
             StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+            LogicalOperatorPrettyPrintVisitor pvisitor = context.getPrettyPrintVisitor();
             PlanPrettyPrinter.printOperator((AbstractLogicalOperator) opRef.getValue(), sb, pvisitor, 0);
             return sb.toString();
         }
diff --git a/algebricks/algebricks-core/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/algebricks/core/rewriter/base/HeuristicOptimizer.java b/algebricks/algebricks-core/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/algebricks/core/rewriter/base/HeuristicOptimizer.java
index 9035ca5..17c6900 100644
--- a/algebricks/algebricks-core/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/algebricks/core/rewriter/base/HeuristicOptimizer.java
+++ b/algebricks/algebricks-core/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/algebricks/core/rewriter/base/HeuristicOptimizer.java
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.base.PhysicalOperatorTag;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.operators.logical.AbstractLogicalOperator;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.operators.logical.AbstractOperatorWithNestedPlans;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.prettyprint.LogicalOperatorPrettyPrintVisitor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.prettyprint.PlanPrettyPrinter;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.config.AlgebricksConfig;
 
diff --git a/algebricks/algebricks-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/algebricks/tests/pushruntime/PushRuntimeTest.java b/algebricks/algebricks-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/algebricks/tests/pushruntime/PushRuntimeTest.java
index 974dc4d..2b29448 100644
--- a/algebricks/algebricks-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/algebricks/tests/pushruntime/PushRuntimeTest.java
+++ b/algebricks/algebricks-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/algebricks/tests/pushruntime/PushRuntimeTest.java
@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@
     private static final String PATH_ACTUAL = "rttest";
     private static final String PATH_BASE = "src" + SEPARATOR + "test" + SEPARATOR + "resources";
     private static final String PATH_EXPECTED = PATH_BASE + SEPARATOR + "results";
+    private static final int FRAME_SIZE = 32768;
 
     private static final String[] DEFAULT_NODES = new String[] { AlgebricksHyracksIntegrationUtil.NC1_ID };
 
@@ -123,7 +124,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void etsAssignPrint() throws Exception {
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(FRAME_SIZE);
         IntegerConstantEvalFactory const1 = new IntegerConstantEvalFactory(400);
         IntegerConstantEvalFactory const2 = new IntegerConstantEvalFactory(3);
 
@@ -147,7 +148,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void etsAssignWrite() throws Exception {
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(FRAME_SIZE);
         IntegerConstantEvalFactory const1 = new IntegerConstantEvalFactory(400);
         IntegerConstantEvalFactory const2 = new IntegerConstantEvalFactory(3);
 
@@ -178,7 +179,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void scanSelectWrite() throws Exception {
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(FRAME_SIZE);
 
         // the scanner
         FileSplit[] intFileSplits = new FileSplit[1];
@@ -224,7 +225,7 @@
     @Test
     public void etsAssignProjectWrite() throws Exception {
 
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(FRAME_SIZE);
         IntegerConstantEvalFactory const1 = new IntegerConstantEvalFactory(400);
         IntegerConstantEvalFactory const2 = new IntegerConstantEvalFactory(3);
 
@@ -261,7 +262,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void scanLimitWrite() throws Exception {
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(FRAME_SIZE);
 
         // the scanner
         FileSplit[] fileSplits = new FileSplit[1];
@@ -312,7 +313,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void etsUnnestWrite() throws Exception {
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(FRAME_SIZE);
 
         EmptyTupleSourceRuntimeFactory ets = new EmptyTupleSourceRuntimeFactory();
         RecordDescriptor etsDesc = new RecordDescriptor(new ISerializerDeserializer[] {});
@@ -342,7 +343,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void scanAggregateWrite() throws Exception {
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(FRAME_SIZE);
 
         // the scanner
         FileSplit[] fileSplits = new FileSplit[1];
@@ -394,7 +395,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void scanSortGbySelectWrite() throws Exception {
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(FRAME_SIZE);
 
         // the scanner
         FileSplit[] fileSplits = new FileSplit[1];
@@ -479,7 +480,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void scanHashGbySelectWrite() throws Exception {
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(FRAME_SIZE);
 
         // the scanner
         FileSplit[] fileSplits = new FileSplit[1];
@@ -548,7 +549,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void etsUnnestRunningaggregateWrite() throws Exception {
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(FRAME_SIZE);
 
         EmptyTupleSourceRuntimeFactory ets = new EmptyTupleSourceRuntimeFactory();
         RecordDescriptor etsDesc = new RecordDescriptor(new ISerializerDeserializer[] {});
@@ -587,7 +588,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void etsAssignScriptWrite() throws Exception {
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(FRAME_SIZE);
         IntegerConstantEvalFactory const1 = new IntegerConstantEvalFactory(400);
         IntegerConstantEvalFactory const2 = new IntegerConstantEvalFactory(3);
 
@@ -643,7 +644,7 @@
     public void scanSplitWrite() throws Exception {
         final int outputArity = 2;
 
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(FRAME_SIZE);
 
         String inputFileName = "data/tpch0.001/customer.tbl";
         File inputFile = new File(inputFileName);
@@ -696,7 +697,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void scanMicroSortWrite() throws Exception {
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(FRAME_SIZE);
 
         // the scanner
         FileSplit[] fileSplits = new FileSplit[1];
@@ -744,7 +745,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void etsAssignSubplanProjectWrite() throws Exception {
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(FRAME_SIZE);
         IntegerConstantEvalFactory const1 = new IntegerConstantEvalFactory(400);
         IntegerConstantEvalFactory const2 = new IntegerConstantEvalFactory(3);
 
@@ -804,7 +805,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void scanMicroSortGbySelectWrite() throws Exception {
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(FRAME_SIZE);
 
         // the scanner
         FileSplit[] fileSplits = new FileSplit[1];
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-api/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/api/job/JobSpecification.java b/hyracks/hyracks-api/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/api/job/JobSpecification.java
index 0873582..f0e8510 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-api/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/api/job/JobSpecification.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-api/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/api/job/JobSpecification.java
@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@
 
 public class JobSpecification implements Serializable, IOperatorDescriptorRegistry, IConnectorDescriptorRegistry {
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+    
+    private static final int DEFAULT_FRAME_SIZE = 32768;
 
     private final List<OperatorDescriptorId> roots;
 
@@ -73,7 +75,13 @@
 
     private transient int connectorIdCounter;
 
+    // This constructor uses the default frame size. It is for test purposes only.
+    // For other use cases, use the one which sets the frame size.
     public JobSpecification() {
+        this(DEFAULT_FRAME_SIZE);
+    }
+    
+    public JobSpecification(int frameSize) {
         roots = new ArrayList<OperatorDescriptorId>();
         resultSetIds = new ArrayList<ResultSetId>();
         opMap = new HashMap<OperatorDescriptorId, IOperatorDescriptor>();
@@ -85,9 +93,9 @@
         userConstraints = new HashSet<Constraint>();
         operatorIdCounter = 0;
         connectorIdCounter = 0;
-        frameSize = 32768;
         maxReattempts = 2;
         useConnectorPolicyForScheduling = true;
+        setFrameSize(frameSize);
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-dataflow-std/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/dataflow/std/join/NestedLoopJoin.java b/hyracks/hyracks-dataflow-std/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/dataflow/std/join/NestedLoopJoin.java
index 994b0ef..52f1198 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-dataflow-std/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/dataflow/std/join/NestedLoopJoin.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-dataflow-std/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/dataflow/std/join/NestedLoopJoin.java
@@ -100,14 +100,14 @@
             reloadFrame(outerBuffer);
             return;
         }
-        for (ByteBuffer outBuffer : outBuffers) {
-            runFileReader = runFileWriter.createReader();
-            runFileReader.open();
-            while (runFileReader.nextFrame(innerBuffer)) {
+        runFileReader = runFileWriter.createReader();
+        runFileReader.open();
+        while (runFileReader.nextFrame(innerBuffer)) {
+            for (ByteBuffer outBuffer : outBuffers) {
                 blockJoin(outBuffer, innerBuffer, writer);
             }
-            runFileReader.close();
         }
+        runFileReader.close();
         currentMemSize = 0;
         reloadFrame(outerBuffer);
     }
@@ -144,14 +144,14 @@
             }
 
             if (!matchFound && isLeftOuter) {
-                if (!appender.appendConcat(accessorOuter, i, nullTupleBuilder.getFieldEndOffsets(),
-                        nullTupleBuilder.getByteArray(), 0, nullTupleBuilder.getSize())) {
+                final int[] ntFieldEndOffsets = nullTupleBuilder.getFieldEndOffsets();
+                final byte[] ntByteArray = nullTupleBuilder.getByteArray();
+                final int ntSize = nullTupleBuilder.getSize();
+                if (!appender.appendConcat(accessorOuter, i, ntFieldEndOffsets, ntByteArray, 0, ntSize)) {
                     flushFrame(outBuffer, writer);
                     appender.reset(outBuffer, true);
-                    if (!appender.appendConcat(accessorOuter, i, nullTupleBuilder.getFieldEndOffsets(),
-                            nullTupleBuilder.getByteArray(), 0, nullTupleBuilder.getSize())) {
-                        int tSize = accessorOuter.getTupleEndOffset(i) - accessorOuter.getTupleStartOffset(i)
-                                + nullTupleBuilder.getSize();
+                    if (!appender.appendConcat(accessorOuter, i, ntFieldEndOffsets, ntByteArray, 0, ntSize)) {
+                        int tSize = accessorOuter.getTupleEndOffset(i) - accessorOuter.getTupleStartOffset(i) + ntSize;
                         throw new HyracksDataException("Record size (" + tSize + ") larger than frame size ("
                                 + appender.getBuffer().capacity() + ")");
                     }
@@ -169,32 +169,27 @@
     	}
     }
     
-    private void appendToResults(int outerTupleId, int innerTupleId, IFrameWriter writer) throws HyracksDataException{
-    	if(!isReversed){
-    		if (!appender.appendConcat(accessorOuter, outerTupleId, accessorInner, innerTupleId)) {
-                flushFrame(outBuffer, writer);
-                appender.reset(outBuffer, true);
-                if (!appender.appendConcat(accessorOuter, outerTupleId, accessorInner, innerTupleId)) {
-                    int tSize = accessorOuter.getTupleEndOffset(outerTupleId) - accessorOuter.getTupleStartOffset(outerTupleId)
-                            + accessorInner.getTupleEndOffset(innerTupleId) - accessorInner.getTupleStartOffset(innerTupleId);
-                    throw new HyracksDataException("Record size (" + tSize + ") larger than frame size ("
-                            + appender.getBuffer().capacity() + ")");
-                }
+    private void appendToResults(int outerTupleId, int innerTupleId, IFrameWriter writer) throws HyracksDataException {
+        if (!isReversed) {
+            appendResultToFrame(accessorOuter, outerTupleId, accessorInner, innerTupleId, writer);
+        } else {
+            //Role Reversal Optimization is triggered
+            appendResultToFrame(accessorInner, innerTupleId, accessorOuter, outerTupleId, writer);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void appendResultToFrame(FrameTupleAccessor accessor1, int tupleId1, FrameTupleAccessor accessor2,
+            int tupleId2, IFrameWriter writer) throws HyracksDataException {
+        if (!appender.appendConcat(accessor1, tupleId1, accessor2, tupleId2)) {
+            flushFrame(outBuffer, writer);
+            appender.reset(outBuffer, true);
+            if (!appender.appendConcat(accessor1, tupleId1, accessor2, tupleId2)) {
+                int tSize = accessor1.getTupleEndOffset(tupleId1) - accessor1.getTupleStartOffset(tupleId1)
+                        + accessor2.getTupleEndOffset(tupleId2) - accessor2.getTupleStartOffset(tupleId2);
+                throw new HyracksDataException("Record size (" + tSize + ") larger than frame size ("
+                        + appender.getBuffer().capacity() + ")");
             }
-    	}
-    	else{ //Role Reversal Optimization is triggered
-    		if (!appender.appendConcat(accessorInner, innerTupleId, accessorOuter, outerTupleId)) {
-                flushFrame(outBuffer, writer);
-                appender.reset(outBuffer, true);
-                if (!appender.appendConcat(accessorInner, innerTupleId, accessorOuter, outerTupleId)) {
-                    int tSize = accessorInner.getTupleEndOffset(innerTupleId) - accessorInner.getTupleStartOffset(innerTupleId)+
-                    		accessorOuter.getTupleEndOffset(outerTupleId) - accessorOuter.getTupleStartOffset(outerTupleId);
-                    throw new HyracksDataException("Record size (" + tSize + ") larger than frame size ("
-                            + appender.getBuffer().capacity() + ")");
-                }
-            }
-    	}
-    	
+        }
     }
     
     public void closeCache() throws HyracksDataException {
@@ -204,15 +199,14 @@
     }
 
     public void closeJoin(IFrameWriter writer) throws HyracksDataException {
-        for (int i = 0; i < currentMemSize; i++) {
-            ByteBuffer outBuffer = outBuffers.get(i);
-            runFileReader = runFileWriter.createReader();
-            runFileReader.open();
-            while (runFileReader.nextFrame(innerBuffer)) {
-                blockJoin(outBuffer, innerBuffer, writer);
+        runFileReader = runFileWriter.createReader();
+        runFileReader.open();
+        while (runFileReader.nextFrame(innerBuffer)) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < currentMemSize; i++) {
+                blockJoin(outBuffers.get(i), innerBuffer, writer);
             }
-            runFileReader.close();
         }
+        runFileReader.close();
         outBuffers.clear();
         currentMemSize = 0;
 
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/InsertPipelineExample.java b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/InsertPipelineExample.java
index cde561e..a18d496 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/InsertPipelineExample.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/InsertPipelineExample.java
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
 
 // This example will insert tuples into the primary and secondary index using an insert pipeline
 
-public class InsertPipelineExample {
+public class InsertPipelineExample { 
     private static class Options {
         @Option(name = "-host", usage = "Hyracks Cluster Controller Host name", required = true)
         public String host;
@@ -72,6 +72,9 @@
 
         @Option(name = "-secondary-btreename", usage = "B-Tree file name of secondary index", required = true)
         public String secondaryBTreeName;
+        
+        @Option(name = "-frame-size", usage = "Hyracks frame size (default: 32768)", required = false)
+        public int frameSize = 32768;
     }
 
     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
@@ -92,7 +95,7 @@
 
     private static JobSpecification createJob(Options options) {
 
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(options.frameSize);
 
         String[] splitNCs = options.ncs.split(",");
 
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/PrimaryIndexBulkLoadExample.java b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/PrimaryIndexBulkLoadExample.java
index a027570..1c1901d 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/PrimaryIndexBulkLoadExample.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/PrimaryIndexBulkLoadExample.java
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
 
 // This example will load a primary index from randomly generated data
 
-public class PrimaryIndexBulkLoadExample {
+public class PrimaryIndexBulkLoadExample {   
     private static class Options {
         @Option(name = "-host", usage = "Hyracks Cluster Controller Host name", required = true)
         public String host;
@@ -70,6 +70,9 @@
 
         @Option(name = "-sortbuffer-size", usage = "Sort buffer size in frames (default: 32768)", required = false)
         public int sbSize = 32768;
+        
+        @Option(name = "-frame-size", usage = "Hyracks frame size (default: 32768)", required = false)
+        public int frameSize = 32768;
     }
 
     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
@@ -90,7 +93,7 @@
 
     private static JobSpecification createJob(Options options) {
 
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(options.frameSize);
 
         String[] splitNCs = options.ncs.split(",");
 
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/PrimaryIndexSearchExample.java b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/PrimaryIndexSearchExample.java
index a36fbdd..01004e6f 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/PrimaryIndexSearchExample.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/PrimaryIndexSearchExample.java
@@ -63,6 +63,9 @@
 
         @Option(name = "-btreename", usage = "B-Tree file name to search", required = true)
         public String btreeName;
+        
+        @Option(name = "-frame-size", usage = "Hyracks frame size (default: 32768)", required = false)
+        public int frameSize = 32768;
     }
 
     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
@@ -83,7 +86,7 @@
 
     private static JobSpecification createJob(Options options) throws HyracksDataException {
 
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(options.frameSize);
 
         String[] splitNCs = options.ncs.split(",");
 
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/SecondaryIndexBulkLoadExample.java b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/SecondaryIndexBulkLoadExample.java
index 805660f..4826808 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/SecondaryIndexBulkLoadExample.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/SecondaryIndexBulkLoadExample.java
@@ -65,6 +65,9 @@
 
         @Option(name = "-sortbuffer-size", usage = "Sort buffer size in frames (default: 32768)", required = false)
         public int sbSize = 32768;
+        
+        @Option(name = "-frame-size", usage = "Hyracks frame size (default: 32768)", required = false)
+        public int frameSize = 32768;
     }
 
     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
@@ -85,7 +88,7 @@
 
     private static JobSpecification createJob(Options options) {
 
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(options.frameSize);
 
         String[] splitNCs = options.ncs.split(",");
 
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/SecondaryIndexSearchExample.java b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/SecondaryIndexSearchExample.java
index fc5a37a..5ff5003 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/SecondaryIndexSearchExample.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/SecondaryIndexSearchExample.java
@@ -66,6 +66,9 @@
 
         @Option(name = "-secondary-btreename", usage = "Secondary B-Tree file name to search", required = true)
         public String secondaryBTreeName;
+        
+        @Option(name = "-frame-size", usage = "Hyracks frame size (default: 32768)", required = false)
+        public int frameSize = 32768;
     }
 
     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
@@ -86,7 +89,7 @@
 
     private static JobSpecification createJob(Options options) throws HyracksDataException {
 
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(options.frameSize);
 
         String[] splitNCs = options.ncs.split(",");
 
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/invIndexBtree130314-060025932/device_id_0/2014-03-13-18-00-26-469_2014-03-13-18-00-26-469_b b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/invIndexBtree130314-060025932/device_id_0/2014-03-13-18-00-26-469_2014-03-13-18-00-26-469_b
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e929192
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/invIndexBtree130314-060025932/device_id_0/2014-03-13-18-00-26-469_2014-03-13-18-00-26-469_b
Binary files differ
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/invIndexBtree130314-060025932/device_id_0/2014-03-13-18-00-26-469_2014-03-13-18-00-26-469_d b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/invIndexBtree130314-060025932/device_id_0/2014-03-13-18-00-26-469_2014-03-13-18-00-26-469_d
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86b254e
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/lsm/btree/LSMBTreeOperatorTestHelper.java b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/lsm/btree/LSMBTreeOperatorTestHelper.java
index a4fd4c1..f4d422b 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/lsm/btree/LSMBTreeOperatorTestHelper.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/lsm/btree/LSMBTreeOperatorTestHelper.java
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
         return new LSMBTreeDataflowHelperFactory(virtualBufferCacheProvider, new ConstantMergePolicyFactory(),
                 MERGE_POLICY_PROPERTIES, ThreadCountingOperationTrackerProvider.INSTANCE,
                 SynchronousSchedulerProvider.INSTANCE, NoOpIOOperationCallback.INSTANCE,
-                DEFAULT_BLOOM_FILTER_FALSE_POSITIVE_RATE);
+                DEFAULT_BLOOM_FILTER_FALSE_POSITIVE_RATE, true);
     }
 
 }
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/lsm/rtree/LSMRTreeOperatorTestHelper.java b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/lsm/rtree/LSMRTreeOperatorTestHelper.java
index 79b8eb7..e848c7d 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/lsm/rtree/LSMRTreeOperatorTestHelper.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/lsm/rtree/LSMRTreeOperatorTestHelper.java
@@ -45,10 +45,12 @@
 
     public IIndexDataflowHelperFactory createDataFlowHelperFactory(
             IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] valueProviderFactories, RTreePolicyType rtreePolicyType,
-            IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeComparatorFactories, ILinearizeComparatorFactory linearizerCmpFactory) {
+            IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeComparatorFactories, ILinearizeComparatorFactory linearizerCmpFactory,
+            int[] btreeFields) {
         return new LSMRTreeDataflowHelperFactory(valueProviderFactories, rtreePolicyType, btreeComparatorFactories,
                 virtualBufferCacheProvider, new ConstantMergePolicyFactory(), MERGE_POLICY_PROPERTIES,
                 ThreadCountingOperationTrackerProvider.INSTANCE, SynchronousSchedulerProvider.INSTANCE,
-                NoOpIOOperationCallback.INSTANCE, linearizerCmpFactory, DEFAULT_BLOOM_FILTER_FALSE_POSITIVE_RATE);
+                NoOpIOOperationCallback.INSTANCE, linearizerCmpFactory, DEFAULT_BLOOM_FILTER_FALSE_POSITIVE_RATE,
+                btreeFields);
     }
 }
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/lsm/rtree/LSMRTreeSecondaryIndexInsertOperatorTest.java b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/lsm/rtree/LSMRTreeSecondaryIndexInsertOperatorTest.java
index ab6ffdd..8e53269 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/lsm/rtree/LSMRTreeSecondaryIndexInsertOperatorTest.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/lsm/rtree/LSMRTreeSecondaryIndexInsertOperatorTest.java
@@ -26,6 +26,11 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.tests.am.rtree.RTreeSecondaryIndexInsertOperatorTest;
 
 public class LSMRTreeSecondaryIndexInsertOperatorTest extends RTreeSecondaryIndexInsertOperatorTest {
+
+    public LSMRTreeSecondaryIndexInsertOperatorTest() {
+        this.rTreeType = RTreeType.LSMRTREE;
+    }
+
     protected ITreeIndexOperatorTestHelper createTestHelper() throws HyracksException {
         return new LSMRTreeOperatorTestHelper(TestStorageManagerComponentHolder.getIOManager());
     }
@@ -33,8 +38,9 @@
     @Override
     protected IIndexDataflowHelperFactory createDataFlowHelperFactory(
             IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] secondaryValueProviderFactories, RTreePolicyType rtreePolicyType,
-            IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeComparatorFactories, ILinearizeComparatorFactory linearizerCmpFactory) {
+            IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeComparatorFactories, ILinearizeComparatorFactory linearizerCmpFactory,
+            int[] btreeFields) {
         return ((LSMRTreeOperatorTestHelper) testHelper).createDataFlowHelperFactory(secondaryValueProviderFactories,
-                rtreePolicyType, btreeComparatorFactories, linearizerCmpFactory);
+                rtreePolicyType, btreeComparatorFactories, linearizerCmpFactory, btreeFields);
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/lsm/rtree/LSMRTreeSecondaryIndexSearchOperatorTest.java b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/lsm/rtree/LSMRTreeSecondaryIndexSearchOperatorTest.java
index 591a75d..67691ea 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/lsm/rtree/LSMRTreeSecondaryIndexSearchOperatorTest.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/lsm/rtree/LSMRTreeSecondaryIndexSearchOperatorTest.java
@@ -26,6 +26,10 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.tests.am.rtree.RTreeSecondaryIndexSearchOperatorTest;
 
 public class LSMRTreeSecondaryIndexSearchOperatorTest extends RTreeSecondaryIndexSearchOperatorTest {
+    public LSMRTreeSecondaryIndexSearchOperatorTest() {
+        this.rTreeType = RTreeType.LSMRTREE;
+    }
+
     protected ITreeIndexOperatorTestHelper createTestHelper() throws HyracksException {
         return new LSMRTreeOperatorTestHelper(TestStorageManagerComponentHolder.getIOManager());
     }
@@ -33,8 +37,9 @@
     @Override
     protected IIndexDataflowHelperFactory createDataFlowHelperFactory(
             IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] secondaryValueProviderFactories, RTreePolicyType rtreePolicyType,
-            IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeComparatorFactories, ILinearizeComparatorFactory linearizerCmpFactory) {
+            IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeComparatorFactories, ILinearizeComparatorFactory linearizerCmpFactory,
+            int[] btreeFields) {
         return ((LSMRTreeOperatorTestHelper) testHelper).createDataFlowHelperFactory(secondaryValueProviderFactories,
-                rtreePolicyType, btreeComparatorFactories, linearizerCmpFactory);
+                rtreePolicyType, btreeComparatorFactories, linearizerCmpFactory, btreeFields);
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/lsm/rtree/LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuplesSecondaryIndexInsertOperatorTest.java b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/lsm/rtree/LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuplesSecondaryIndexInsertOperatorTest.java
index 29816e3..ddd6e10 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/lsm/rtree/LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuplesSecondaryIndexInsertOperatorTest.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/lsm/rtree/LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuplesSecondaryIndexInsertOperatorTest.java
@@ -26,6 +26,10 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.tests.am.rtree.RTreeSecondaryIndexInsertOperatorTest;
 
 public class LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuplesSecondaryIndexInsertOperatorTest extends RTreeSecondaryIndexInsertOperatorTest {
+    public LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuplesSecondaryIndexInsertOperatorTest() {
+        this.rTreeType = RTreeType.LSMRTREE_WITH_ANTIMATTER;
+    }
+
     protected ITreeIndexOperatorTestHelper createTestHelper() throws HyracksException {
         return new LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuplesOperatorTestHelper(TestStorageManagerComponentHolder.getIOManager());
     }
@@ -33,7 +37,8 @@
     @Override
     protected IIndexDataflowHelperFactory createDataFlowHelperFactory(
             IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] secondaryValueProviderFactories, RTreePolicyType rtreePolicyType,
-            IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeComparatorFactories, ILinearizeComparatorFactory linearizerCmpFactory) {
+            IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeComparatorFactories, ILinearizeComparatorFactory linearizerCmpFactory,
+            int[] btreeFields) {
         return ((LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuplesOperatorTestHelper) testHelper).createDataFlowHelperFactory(
                 secondaryValueProviderFactories, rtreePolicyType, btreeComparatorFactories, linearizerCmpFactory);
     }
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/lsm/rtree/LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuplesSecondaryIndexSearchOperatorTest.java b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/lsm/rtree/LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuplesSecondaryIndexSearchOperatorTest.java
index 2cf1418..f4fad79 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/lsm/rtree/LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuplesSecondaryIndexSearchOperatorTest.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/lsm/rtree/LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuplesSecondaryIndexSearchOperatorTest.java
@@ -26,6 +26,10 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.tests.am.rtree.RTreeSecondaryIndexSearchOperatorTest;
 
 public class LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuplesSecondaryIndexSearchOperatorTest extends RTreeSecondaryIndexSearchOperatorTest {
+    public LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuplesSecondaryIndexSearchOperatorTest() {
+            this.rTreeType = RTreeType.LSMRTREE_WITH_ANTIMATTER;
+        }
+    
     protected ITreeIndexOperatorTestHelper createTestHelper() throws HyracksException {
         return new LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuplesOperatorTestHelper(TestStorageManagerComponentHolder.getIOManager());
     }
@@ -33,7 +37,8 @@
     @Override
     protected IIndexDataflowHelperFactory createDataFlowHelperFactory(
             IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] secondaryValueProviderFactories, RTreePolicyType rtreePolicyType,
-            IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeComparatorFactories, ILinearizeComparatorFactory linearizerCmpFactory) {
+            IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeComparatorFactories, ILinearizeComparatorFactory linearizerCmpFactory,
+            int[] btreeFields) {
         return ((LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuplesOperatorTestHelper) testHelper).createDataFlowHelperFactory(
                 secondaryValueProviderFactories, rtreePolicyType, btreeComparatorFactories, linearizerCmpFactory);
     }
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/rtree/AbstractRTreeOperatorTest.java b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/rtree/AbstractRTreeOperatorTest.java
index d1c682c..ee08868 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/rtree/AbstractRTreeOperatorTest.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/rtree/AbstractRTreeOperatorTest.java
@@ -76,6 +76,14 @@
         TestStorageManagerComponentHolder.init(8192, 20, 20);
     }
 
+    protected enum RTreeType {
+        LSMRTREE,
+        LSMRTREE_WITH_ANTIMATTER,
+        RTREE
+    };
+
+    protected RTreeType rTreeType;
+
     protected final IStorageManagerInterface storageManager = new TestStorageManagerInterface();
     protected final IIndexLifecycleManagerProvider lcManagerProvider = new TestIndexLifecycleManagerProvider();
     protected IIndexDataflowHelperFactory rtreeDataflowHelperFactory;
@@ -111,8 +119,8 @@
 
     // This is only used for the LSMRTree. We need a comparator Factories for
     // the BTree component of the LSMRTree.
-    protected final int btreeKeyFieldCount = 5;
-    protected final IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeComparatorFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[btreeKeyFieldCount];
+    protected int btreeKeyFieldCount = 5;
+    protected IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeComparatorFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[btreeKeyFieldCount];
 
     protected String secondaryFileName;
     protected IFileSplitProvider secondarySplitProvider;
@@ -159,24 +167,35 @@
         secondaryComparatorFactories[3] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(DoublePointable.FACTORY);
 
         // This only used for LSMRTree
-        btreeComparatorFactories[0] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(DoublePointable.FACTORY);
-        btreeComparatorFactories[1] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(DoublePointable.FACTORY);
-        btreeComparatorFactories[2] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(DoublePointable.FACTORY);
-        btreeComparatorFactories[3] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(DoublePointable.FACTORY);
-        btreeComparatorFactories[4] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(UTF8StringPointable.FACTORY);
+        int[] btreeFields = null;
+        if (rTreeType == RTreeType.LSMRTREE) {
+            btreeKeyFieldCount = 1;
+            btreeComparatorFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[btreeKeyFieldCount];
+            btreeComparatorFactories[0] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(UTF8StringPointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeFields = new int[1];
+            btreeFields[0] = 4;
+
+        } else {
+            btreeComparatorFactories[0] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(DoublePointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeComparatorFactories[1] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(DoublePointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeComparatorFactories[2] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(DoublePointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeComparatorFactories[3] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(DoublePointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeComparatorFactories[4] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(UTF8StringPointable.FACTORY);
+        }
 
         IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] secondaryValueProviderFactories = RTreeUtils
                 .createPrimitiveValueProviderFactories(secondaryComparatorFactories.length, DoublePointable.FACTORY);
 
         rtreeDataflowHelperFactory = createDataFlowHelperFactory(secondaryValueProviderFactories,
                 RTreePolicyType.RSTARTREE, btreeComparatorFactories,
-                LSMRTreeUtils.proposeBestLinearizer(secondaryTypeTraits, secondaryComparatorFactories.length));
+                LSMRTreeUtils.proposeBestLinearizer(secondaryTypeTraits, secondaryComparatorFactories.length), btreeFields);
 
     }
 
     protected abstract IIndexDataflowHelperFactory createDataFlowHelperFactory(
             IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] secondaryValueProviderFactories, RTreePolicyType rtreePolicyType,
-            IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeComparatorFactories, ILinearizeComparatorFactory linearizerCmpFactory)
+            IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeComparatorFactories, ILinearizeComparatorFactory linearizerCmpFactory,
+            int[] btreeFields)
             throws TreeIndexException;
 
     protected void createPrimaryIndex() throws Exception {
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/rtree/RTreeSecondaryIndexInsertOperatorTest.java b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/rtree/RTreeSecondaryIndexInsertOperatorTest.java
index a888538..32380de 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/rtree/RTreeSecondaryIndexInsertOperatorTest.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/rtree/RTreeSecondaryIndexInsertOperatorTest.java
@@ -45,6 +45,10 @@
 
 public class RTreeSecondaryIndexInsertOperatorTest extends AbstractRTreeOperatorTest {
 
+    public RTreeSecondaryIndexInsertOperatorTest() {
+        this.rTreeType = RTreeType.RTREE;
+    }
+
     @Before
     public void setup() throws Exception {
         super.setup();
@@ -118,8 +122,8 @@
     @Override
     protected IIndexDataflowHelperFactory createDataFlowHelperFactory(
             IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] secondaryValueProviderFactories, RTreePolicyType rtreePolicyType,
-            IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeComparatorFactories, ILinearizeComparatorFactory linearizerCmpFactory)
-            throws TreeIndexException {
+            IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeComparatorFactories, ILinearizeComparatorFactory linearizerCmpFactory,
+            int[] btreeFields) throws TreeIndexException {
         return ((RTreeOperatorTestHelper) testHelper).createDataFlowHelperFactory(secondaryValueProviderFactories,
                 rtreePolicyType, null);
     }
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/rtree/RTreeSecondaryIndexScanOperatorTest.java b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/rtree/RTreeSecondaryIndexScanOperatorTest.java
index 9ec0f7a..40d9e5b 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/rtree/RTreeSecondaryIndexScanOperatorTest.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/rtree/RTreeSecondaryIndexScanOperatorTest.java
@@ -43,6 +43,10 @@
 
 public class RTreeSecondaryIndexScanOperatorTest extends AbstractRTreeOperatorTest {
 
+    public RTreeSecondaryIndexScanOperatorTest() {
+        this.rTreeType = RTreeType.RTREE;
+    }
+
     @Before
     public void setup() throws Exception {
         super.setup();
@@ -102,11 +106,12 @@
     @Override
     protected IIndexDataflowHelperFactory createDataFlowHelperFactory(
             IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] secondaryValueProviderFactories, RTreePolicyType rtreePolicyType,
-            IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeComparatorFactories, ILinearizeComparatorFactory linearizerCmpFactory) {
+            IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeComparatorFactories, ILinearizeComparatorFactory linearizerCmpFactory,
+            int[] btreeFields) {
         return ((RTreeOperatorTestHelper) testHelper).createDataFlowHelperFactory(secondaryValueProviderFactories,
                 rtreePolicyType, null);
     }
-    
+
     @Override
     public void cleanup() throws Exception {
         destroyPrimaryIndex();
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/rtree/RTreeSecondaryIndexSearchOperatorTest.java b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/rtree/RTreeSecondaryIndexSearchOperatorTest.java
index 9613920d..b6f1000 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/rtree/RTreeSecondaryIndexSearchOperatorTest.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/rtree/RTreeSecondaryIndexSearchOperatorTest.java
@@ -44,6 +44,9 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.frames.RTreePolicyType;
 
 public class RTreeSecondaryIndexSearchOperatorTest extends AbstractRTreeOperatorTest {
+    public RTreeSecondaryIndexSearchOperatorTest() {
+        this.rTreeType = RTreeType.RTREE;
+    }
 
     @Before
     public void setup() throws Exception {
@@ -117,8 +120,8 @@
     @Override
     protected IIndexDataflowHelperFactory createDataFlowHelperFactory(
             IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] secondaryValueProviderFactories, RTreePolicyType rtreePolicyType,
-            IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeComparatorFactories, ILinearizeComparatorFactory linearizerCmpFactory)
-            throws TreeIndexException {
+            IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeComparatorFactories, ILinearizeComparatorFactory linearizerCmpFactory,
+            int[] btreeFields) throws TreeIndexException {
         return ((RTreeOperatorTestHelper) testHelper).createDataFlowHelperFactory(secondaryValueProviderFactories,
                 rtreePolicyType, null);
     }
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/rtree/RTreeSecondaryIndexStatsOperatorTest.java b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/rtree/RTreeSecondaryIndexStatsOperatorTest.java
index ab48d39..438e17d 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/rtree/RTreeSecondaryIndexStatsOperatorTest.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/am/rtree/RTreeSecondaryIndexStatsOperatorTest.java
@@ -35,6 +35,9 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.frames.RTreePolicyType;
 
 public class RTreeSecondaryIndexStatsOperatorTest extends AbstractRTreeOperatorTest {
+    public RTreeSecondaryIndexStatsOperatorTest() {
+        this.rTreeType = RTreeType.RTREE;
+    }
 
     @Before
     public void setup() throws Exception {
@@ -66,7 +69,8 @@
     @Override
     protected IIndexDataflowHelperFactory createDataFlowHelperFactory(
             IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] secondaryValueProviderFactories, RTreePolicyType rtreePolicyType,
-            IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeComparatorFactories, ILinearizeComparatorFactory linearizerCmpFactory) {
+            IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeComparatorFactories, ILinearizeComparatorFactory linearizerCmpFactory,
+            int[] btreeFields) {
         return ((RTreeOperatorTestHelper) testHelper).createDataFlowHelperFactory(secondaryValueProviderFactories,
                 rtreePolicyType, null);
     }
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/text-example/textclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/text/client/ExternalGroupClient.java b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/text-example/textclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/text/client/ExternalGroupClient.java
index be8e986..1629a1e 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/text-example/textclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/text/client/ExternalGroupClient.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/text-example/textclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/text/client/ExternalGroupClient.java
@@ -83,8 +83,8 @@
         @Option(name = "-hashtable-size", usage = "Hash table size (default: 8191)", required = false)
         public int htSize = 8191;
 
-        @Option(name = "-frames-limit", usage = "Frame size (default: 32768)", required = false)
-        public int framesLimit = 32768;
+        @Option(name = "-frame-size", usage = "Frame size (default: 32768)", required = false)
+        public int frameSize = 32768;
 
         @Option(name = "-sortbuffer-size", usage = "Sort buffer size in frames (default: 512)", required = false)
         public int sbSize = 512;
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@
         for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
             long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
             job = createJob(parseFileSplits(options.inFileSplits), parseFileSplits(options.outFileSplits, i),
-                    options.htSize, options.sbSize, options.framesLimit, options.sortOutput, options.algo,
+                    options.htSize, options.sbSize, options.frameSize, options.sortOutput, options.algo,
                     options.outPlain);
 
             System.out.print(i + "\t" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
@@ -155,8 +155,8 @@
     }
 
     private static JobSpecification createJob(FileSplit[] inSplits, FileSplit[] outSplits, int htSize, int sbSize,
-            int framesLimit, boolean sortOutput, int alg, boolean outPlain) {
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+            int frameSize, boolean sortOutput, int alg, boolean outPlain) {
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(frameSize);
         IFileSplitProvider splitsProvider = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(inSplits);
 
         RecordDescriptor inDesc = new RecordDescriptor(new ISerializerDeserializer[] {
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@
         switch (alg) {
             case 0: // new external hash graph
                 grouper = new edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.group.external.ExternalGroupOperatorDescriptor(spec,
-                        keys, framesLimit, new IBinaryComparatorFactory[] {
+                        keys, frameSize, new IBinaryComparatorFactory[] {
                         // PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY),
                         PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY) },
                         new IntegerNormalizedKeyComputerFactory(), new MultiFieldsAggregatorFactory(
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@
 
                 break;
             case 1: // External-sort + new-precluster
-                ExternalSortOperatorDescriptor sorter2 = new ExternalSortOperatorDescriptor(spec, framesLimit, keys,
+                ExternalSortOperatorDescriptor sorter2 = new ExternalSortOperatorDescriptor(spec, frameSize, keys,
                         new IBinaryComparatorFactory[] {
                         // PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY),
                         PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY) }, inDesc);
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@
                 break;
             default:
                 grouper = new edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.group.external.ExternalGroupOperatorDescriptor(spec,
-                        keys, framesLimit, new IBinaryComparatorFactory[] {
+                        keys, frameSize, new IBinaryComparatorFactory[] {
                         // PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY),
                         PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY) },
                         new IntegerNormalizedKeyComputerFactory(), new MultiFieldsAggregatorFactory(
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/text-example/textclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/text/client/WordCountMain.java b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/text-example/textclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/text/client/WordCountMain.java
index d342082..82421ae 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/text-example/textclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/text/client/WordCountMain.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/text-example/textclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/text/client/WordCountMain.java
@@ -85,6 +85,9 @@
 
         @Option(name = "-runtime-profiling", usage = "Indicates if runtime profiling should be enabled. (default: false)")
         public boolean runtimeProfiling = false;
+        
+        @Option(name = "-frame-size", usage = "Hyracks frame size (default: 32768)", required = false)
+        public int frameSize = 32768;
     }
 
     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
@@ -95,7 +98,7 @@
         IHyracksClientConnection hcc = new HyracksConnection(options.host, options.port);
 
         JobSpecification job = createJob(parseFileSplits(options.inFileSplits), parseFileSplits(options.outFileSplits),
-                options.algo, options.htSize, options.sbSize, options.format);
+                options.algo, options.htSize, options.sbSize, options.format, options.frameSize);
 
         long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
         JobId jobId = hcc.startJob(job,
@@ -120,8 +123,8 @@
     }
 
     private static JobSpecification createJob(FileSplit[] inSplits, FileSplit[] outSplits, String algo, int htSize,
-            int sbSize, String format) {
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+            int sbSize, String format, int frameSize) {
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(frameSize);
 
         IFileSplitProvider splitsProvider = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(inSplits);
         RecordDescriptor wordDesc = new RecordDescriptor(
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/tpch-example/tpchclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/tpch/client/Main.java b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/tpch-example/tpchclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/tpch/client/Main.java
index 6017e8f..a54e940 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-examples/tpch-example/tpchclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/tpch/client/Main.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-examples/tpch-example/tpchclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/tpch/client/Main.java
@@ -109,6 +109,9 @@
         // Whether group-by is processed after the join
         @Option(name = "-has-groupby", usage = "Whether to have group-by operation after join (default: disabled)", required = false)
         public boolean hasGroupBy = false;
+        
+        @Option(name = "-frame-size", usage = "Hyracks frame size (default: 32768)", required = false)
+        public int frameSize = 32768;
     }
 
     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
@@ -121,7 +124,7 @@
         JobSpecification job = createJob(parseFileSplits(options.inFileCustomerSplits),
                 parseFileSplits(options.inFileOrderSplits), parseFileSplits(options.outFileSplits),
                 options.numJoinPartitions, options.algo, options.graceInputSize, options.graceRecordsPerFrame,
-                options.graceFactor, options.memSize, options.tableSize, options.hasGroupBy);
+                options.graceFactor, options.memSize, options.tableSize, options.hasGroupBy, options.frameSize);
 
         long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
         JobId jobId = hcc.startJob(job,
@@ -147,8 +150,8 @@
 
     private static JobSpecification createJob(FileSplit[] customerSplits, FileSplit[] orderSplits,
             FileSplit[] resultSplits, int numJoinPartitions, String algo, int graceInputSize, int graceRecordsPerFrame,
-            double graceFactor, int memSize, int tableSize, boolean hasGroupBy) throws HyracksDataException {
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+            double graceFactor, int memSize, int tableSize, boolean hasGroupBy, int frameSize) throws HyracksDataException {
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(frameSize);
 
         IFileSplitProvider custSplitsProvider = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(customerSplits);
         RecordDescriptor custDesc = new RecordDescriptor(new ISerializerDeserializer[] {
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/tuples/DualTupleReference.java b/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/tuples/DualTupleReference.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0733216
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/tuples/DualTupleReference.java
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.tuples;
+
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.common.data.accessors.ITupleReference;
+
+public class DualTupleReference implements ITupleReference {
+
+    private PermutingTupleReference permutingTuple;
+    private ITupleReference tuple;
+
+    public DualTupleReference(int[] fieldPermutation) {
+        permutingTuple = new PermutingTupleReference(fieldPermutation);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getFieldCount() {
+        return tuple.getFieldCount();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte[] getFieldData(int fIdx) {
+        return tuple.getFieldData(fIdx);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getFieldStart(int fIdx) {
+        return tuple.getFieldStart(fIdx);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getFieldLength(int fIdx) {
+        return tuple.getFieldLength(fIdx);
+    }
+
+    public void reset(ITupleReference tuple) {
+        this.tuple = tuple;
+        permutingTuple.reset(tuple);
+    }
+
+    public ITupleReference getPermutingTuple() {
+        return permutingTuple;
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/dataflow/LSMBTreeDataflowHelper.java b/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/dataflow/LSMBTreeDataflowHelper.java
index 8a3c313..2708a81 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/dataflow/LSMBTreeDataflowHelper.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/dataflow/LSMBTreeDataflowHelper.java
@@ -31,21 +31,24 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.lsm.common.dataflow.AbstractLSMIndexDataflowHelper;
 
 public class LSMBTreeDataflowHelper extends AbstractLSMIndexDataflowHelper {
+    
+    private final boolean needKeyDupCheck;
 
     public LSMBTreeDataflowHelper(IIndexOperatorDescriptor opDesc, IHyracksTaskContext ctx, int partition,
             List<IVirtualBufferCache> virtualBufferCaches, ILSMMergePolicy mergePolicy,
             ILSMOperationTrackerProvider opTrackerFactory, ILSMIOOperationScheduler ioScheduler,
-            ILSMIOOperationCallbackFactory ioOpCallbackFactory) {
+            ILSMIOOperationCallbackFactory ioOpCallbackFactory, boolean needKeyDupCheck) {
         this(opDesc, ctx, partition, virtualBufferCaches, DEFAULT_BLOOM_FILTER_FALSE_POSITIVE_RATE, mergePolicy,
-                opTrackerFactory, ioScheduler, ioOpCallbackFactory);
+                opTrackerFactory, ioScheduler, ioOpCallbackFactory, needKeyDupCheck);
     }
 
     public LSMBTreeDataflowHelper(IIndexOperatorDescriptor opDesc, IHyracksTaskContext ctx, int partition,
             List<IVirtualBufferCache> virtualBufferCaches, double bloomFilterFalsePositiveRate,
             ILSMMergePolicy mergePolicy, ILSMOperationTrackerProvider opTrackerFactory,
-            ILSMIOOperationScheduler ioScheduler, ILSMIOOperationCallbackFactory ioOpCallbackFactory) {
+            ILSMIOOperationScheduler ioScheduler, ILSMIOOperationCallbackFactory ioOpCallbackFactory, boolean needKeyDupCheck) {
         super(opDesc, ctx, partition, virtualBufferCaches, bloomFilterFalsePositiveRate, mergePolicy, opTrackerFactory,
                 ioScheduler, ioOpCallbackFactory);
+        this.needKeyDupCheck = needKeyDupCheck;
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -55,6 +58,6 @@
                 opDesc.getStorageManager().getFileMapProvider(ctx), treeOpDesc.getTreeIndexTypeTraits(),
                 treeOpDesc.getTreeIndexComparatorFactories(), treeOpDesc.getTreeIndexBloomFilterKeyFields(),
                 bloomFilterFalsePositiveRate, mergePolicy, opTrackerFactory.getOperationTracker(ctx), ioScheduler,
-                ioOpCallbackFactory.createIOOperationCallback());
+                ioOpCallbackFactory.createIOOperationCallback(), needKeyDupCheck);
     }
 }
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/dataflow/LSMBTreeDataflowHelperFactory.java b/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/dataflow/LSMBTreeDataflowHelperFactory.java
index 0fdef13..7fe7702 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/dataflow/LSMBTreeDataflowHelperFactory.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/dataflow/LSMBTreeDataflowHelperFactory.java
@@ -30,13 +30,17 @@
 public class LSMBTreeDataflowHelperFactory extends AbstractLSMIndexDataflowHelperFactory {
 
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+    private final boolean needKeyDupCheck;
 
     public LSMBTreeDataflowHelperFactory(IVirtualBufferCacheProvider virtualBufferCacheProvider,
             ILSMMergePolicyFactory mergePolicyFactory, Map<String, String> mergePolicyProperties,
             ILSMOperationTrackerProvider opTrackerFactory, ILSMIOOperationSchedulerProvider ioSchedulerProvider,
-            ILSMIOOperationCallbackFactory ioOpCallbackFactory, double bloomFilterFalsePositiveRate) {
+            ILSMIOOperationCallbackFactory ioOpCallbackFactory, double bloomFilterFalsePositiveRate,
+            boolean needKeyDupCheck) {
         super(virtualBufferCacheProvider, mergePolicyFactory, mergePolicyProperties, opTrackerFactory,
                 ioSchedulerProvider, ioOpCallbackFactory, bloomFilterFalsePositiveRate);
+        this.needKeyDupCheck = needKeyDupCheck;
+
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -45,6 +49,6 @@
         return new LSMBTreeDataflowHelper(opDesc, ctx, partition,
                 virtualBufferCacheProvider.getVirtualBufferCaches(ctx), bloomFilterFalsePositiveRate,
                 mergePolicyFactory.createMergePolicy(mergePolicyProperties), opTrackerFactory,
-                ioSchedulerProvider.getIOScheduler(ctx), ioOpCallbackFactory);
+                ioSchedulerProvider.getIOScheduler(ctx), ioOpCallbackFactory, needKeyDupCheck);
     }
 }
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/impls/LSMBTree.java b/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/impls/LSMBTree.java
index cb4d268..19307e9 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/impls/LSMBTree.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/impls/LSMBTree.java
@@ -85,13 +85,15 @@
     private final ITreeIndexFrameFactory deleteLeafFrameFactory;
     private final IBinaryComparatorFactory[] cmpFactories;
 
+    private final boolean needKeyDupCheck;
+
     public LSMBTree(List<IVirtualBufferCache> virtualBufferCaches, ITreeIndexFrameFactory interiorFrameFactory,
             ITreeIndexFrameFactory insertLeafFrameFactory, ITreeIndexFrameFactory deleteLeafFrameFactory,
             ILSMIndexFileManager fileManager, TreeIndexFactory<BTree> diskBTreeFactory,
             TreeIndexFactory<BTree> bulkLoadBTreeFactory, BloomFilterFactory bloomFilterFactory,
             double bloomFilterFalsePositiveRate, IFileMapProvider diskFileMapProvider, int fieldCount,
             IBinaryComparatorFactory[] cmpFactories, ILSMMergePolicy mergePolicy, ILSMOperationTracker opTracker,
-            ILSMIOOperationScheduler ioScheduler, ILSMIOOperationCallback ioOpCallback) {
+            ILSMIOOperationScheduler ioScheduler, ILSMIOOperationCallback ioOpCallback, boolean needKeyDupCheck) {
         super(virtualBufferCaches, diskBTreeFactory.getBufferCache(), fileManager, diskFileMapProvider,
                 bloomFilterFalsePositiveRate, mergePolicy, opTracker, ioScheduler, ioOpCallback);
         int i = 0;
@@ -110,6 +112,7 @@
         this.cmpFactories = cmpFactories;
         componentFactory = new LSMBTreeDiskComponentFactory(diskBTreeFactory, bloomFilterFactory);
         bulkLoadComponentFactory = new LSMBTreeDiskComponentFactory(bulkLoadBTreeFactory, bloomFilterFactory);
+        this.needKeyDupCheck = needKeyDupCheck;
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -303,43 +306,45 @@
         IIndexCursor memCursor = new BTreeRangeSearchCursor(ctx.currentMutableBTreeOpCtx.leafFrame, false);
         RangePredicate predicate = new RangePredicate(tuple, tuple, true, true, comparator, comparator);
 
-        // first check the inmemory component
-        ctx.currentMutableBTreeAccessor.search(memCursor, predicate);
-        try {
-            if (memCursor.hasNext()) {
-                memCursor.next();
-                LSMBTreeTupleReference lsmbtreeTuple = (LSMBTreeTupleReference) memCursor.getTuple();
-                if (!lsmbtreeTuple.isAntimatter()) {
-                    throw new TreeIndexDuplicateKeyException("Failed to insert key since key already exists.");
-                } else {
-                    memCursor.close();
-                    ctx.currentMutableBTreeAccessor.upsertIfConditionElseInsert(tuple,
-                            AntimatterAwareTupleAcceptor.INSTANCE);
-                    return true;
+        if (needKeyDupCheck) {
+            // first check the inmemory component
+            ctx.currentMutableBTreeAccessor.search(memCursor, predicate);
+            try {
+                if (memCursor.hasNext()) {
+                    memCursor.next();
+                    LSMBTreeTupleReference lsmbtreeTuple = (LSMBTreeTupleReference) memCursor.getTuple();
+                    if (!lsmbtreeTuple.isAntimatter()) {
+                        throw new TreeIndexDuplicateKeyException("Failed to insert key since key already exists.");
+                    } else {
+                        memCursor.close();
+                        ctx.currentMutableBTreeAccessor.upsertIfConditionElseInsert(tuple,
+                                AntimatterAwareTupleAcceptor.INSTANCE);
+                        return true;
+                    }
                 }
+            } finally {
+                memCursor.close();
             }
-        } finally {
-            memCursor.close();
-        }
 
-        // TODO: Can we just remove the above code that search the mutable
-        // component and do it together with the search call below? i.e. instead
-        // of passing false to the lsmHarness.search(), we pass true to include
-        // the mutable component?
-        // the key was not in the inmemory component, so check the disk
-        // components
+            // TODO: Can we just remove the above code that search the mutable
+            // component and do it together with the search call below? i.e. instead
+            // of passing false to the lsmHarness.search(), we pass true to include
+            // the mutable component?
+            // the key was not in the inmemory component, so check the disk
+            // components
 
-        // This is a hack to avoid searching the current active mutable component twice. It is critical to add it back once the search is over.
-        ILSMComponent firstComponent = ctx.getComponentHolder().remove(0);
-        search(ctx, searchCursor, predicate);
-        try {
-            if (searchCursor.hasNext()) {
-                throw new TreeIndexDuplicateKeyException("Failed to insert key since key already exists.");
+            // This is a hack to avoid searching the current active mutable component twice. It is critical to add it back once the search is over.
+            ILSMComponent firstComponent = ctx.getComponentHolder().remove(0);
+            search(ctx, searchCursor, predicate);
+            try {
+                if (searchCursor.hasNext()) {
+                    throw new TreeIndexDuplicateKeyException("Failed to insert key since key already exists.");
+                }
+            } finally {
+                searchCursor.close();
+                // Add the current active mutable component back
+                ctx.getComponentHolder().add(0, firstComponent);
             }
-        } finally {
-            searchCursor.close();
-            // Add the current active mutable component back
-            ctx.getComponentHolder().add(0, firstComponent);
         }
 
         ctx.currentMutableBTreeAccessor.upsertIfConditionElseInsert(tuple, AntimatterAwareTupleAcceptor.INSTANCE);
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/util/LSMBTreeUtils.java b/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/util/LSMBTreeUtils.java
index 8b363ff..88148c3 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/util/LSMBTreeUtils.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/util/LSMBTreeUtils.java
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
             IBufferCache diskBufferCache, IFileMapProvider diskFileMapProvider, ITypeTraits[] typeTraits,
             IBinaryComparatorFactory[] cmpFactories, int[] bloomFilterKeyFields, double bloomFilterFalsePositiveRate,
             ILSMMergePolicy mergePolicy, ILSMOperationTracker opTracker, ILSMIOOperationScheduler ioScheduler,
-            ILSMIOOperationCallback ioOpCallback) {
+            ILSMIOOperationCallback ioOpCallback, boolean needKeyDupCheck) {
         LSMBTreeTupleWriterFactory insertTupleWriterFactory = new LSMBTreeTupleWriterFactory(typeTraits,
                 cmpFactories.length, false);
         LSMBTreeTupleWriterFactory deleteTupleWriterFactory = new LSMBTreeTupleWriterFactory(typeTraits,
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
         LSMBTree lsmTree = new LSMBTree(virtualBufferCaches, interiorFrameFactory, insertLeafFrameFactory,
                 deleteLeafFrameFactory, fileNameManager, diskBTreeFactory, bulkLoadBTreeFactory, bloomFilterFactory,
                 bloomFilterFalsePositiveRate, diskFileMapProvider, typeTraits.length, cmpFactories, mergePolicy,
-                opTracker, ioScheduler, ioOpCallback);
+                opTracker, ioScheduler, ioOpCallback, needKeyDupCheck);
         return lsmTree;
     }
 }
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/dataflow/LSMRTreeDataflowHelper.java b/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/dataflow/LSMRTreeDataflowHelper.java
index 92364fa..8d6c0da 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/dataflow/LSMRTreeDataflowHelper.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/dataflow/LSMRTreeDataflowHelper.java
@@ -39,15 +39,17 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.file.IFileMapProvider;
 
 public class LSMRTreeDataflowHelper extends AbstractLSMRTreeDataflowHelper {
+    private int[] btreeFields;
 
     public LSMRTreeDataflowHelper(IIndexOperatorDescriptor opDesc, IHyracksTaskContext ctx, int partition,
             List<IVirtualBufferCache> virtualBufferCaches, IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeComparatorFactories,
             IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] valueProviderFactories, RTreePolicyType rtreePolicyType,
             ILSMMergePolicy mergePolicy, ILSMOperationTrackerProvider opTrackerFactory,
             ILSMIOOperationScheduler ioScheduler, ILSMIOOperationCallbackFactory ioOpCallbackFactory,
-            ILinearizeComparatorFactory linearizeCmpFactory) {
+            ILinearizeComparatorFactory linearizeCmpFactory, int[] btreeFields) {
         super(opDesc, ctx, partition, virtualBufferCaches, btreeComparatorFactories, valueProviderFactories,
                 rtreePolicyType, mergePolicy, opTrackerFactory, ioScheduler, ioOpCallbackFactory, linearizeCmpFactory);
+        this.btreeFields = btreeFields;
     }
 
     public LSMRTreeDataflowHelper(IIndexOperatorDescriptor opDesc, IHyracksTaskContext ctx, int partition,
@@ -56,10 +58,11 @@
             IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] valueProviderFactories, RTreePolicyType rtreePolicyType,
             ILSMMergePolicy mergePolicy, ILSMOperationTrackerProvider opTrackerFactory,
             ILSMIOOperationScheduler ioScheduler, ILSMIOOperationCallbackFactory ioOpCallbackFactory,
-            ILinearizeComparatorFactory linearizeCmpFactory) {
+            ILinearizeComparatorFactory linearizeCmpFactory, int[] btreeFields) {
         super(opDesc, ctx, partition, virtualBufferCaches, bloomFilterFalsePositiveRate, btreeComparatorFactories,
                 valueProviderFactories, rtreePolicyType, mergePolicy, opTrackerFactory, ioScheduler,
                 ioOpCallbackFactory, linearizeCmpFactory);
+        this.btreeFields = btreeFields;
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -73,7 +76,7 @@
             return LSMRTreeUtils.createLSMTree(virtualBufferCaches, file, diskBufferCache, diskFileMapProvider,
                     typeTraits, rtreeCmpFactories, btreeCmpFactories, valueProviderFactories, rtreePolicyType,
                     bloomFilterFalsePositiveRate, mergePolicy, opTracker, ioScheduler,
-                    ioOpCallbackFactory.createIOOperationCallback(), linearizeCmpFactory);
+                    ioOpCallbackFactory.createIOOperationCallback(), linearizeCmpFactory, btreeFields);
         } catch (TreeIndexException e) {
             throw new HyracksDataException(e);
         }
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/dataflow/LSMRTreeDataflowHelperFactory.java b/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/dataflow/LSMRTreeDataflowHelperFactory.java
index 7b54f19..beb6c20 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/dataflow/LSMRTreeDataflowHelperFactory.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/dataflow/LSMRTreeDataflowHelperFactory.java
@@ -39,19 +39,21 @@
     private final IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] valueProviderFactories;
     private final RTreePolicyType rtreePolicyType;
     private final ILinearizeComparatorFactory linearizeCmpFactory;
+    private final int[] btreeFields;
 
     public LSMRTreeDataflowHelperFactory(IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] valueProviderFactories,
             RTreePolicyType rtreePolicyType, IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeComparatorFactories,
             IVirtualBufferCacheProvider virtualBufferCacheProvider, ILSMMergePolicyFactory mergePolicyFactory,
             Map<String, String> mergePolicyProperties, ILSMOperationTrackerProvider opTrackerFactory,
             ILSMIOOperationSchedulerProvider ioSchedulerProvider, ILSMIOOperationCallbackFactory ioOpCallbackFactory,
-            ILinearizeComparatorFactory linearizeCmpFactory, double bloomFilterFalsePositiveRate) {
+            ILinearizeComparatorFactory linearizeCmpFactory, double bloomFilterFalsePositiveRate, int[] btreeFields) {
         super(virtualBufferCacheProvider, mergePolicyFactory, mergePolicyProperties, opTrackerFactory,
                 ioSchedulerProvider, ioOpCallbackFactory, bloomFilterFalsePositiveRate);
         this.btreeComparatorFactories = btreeComparatorFactories;
         this.valueProviderFactories = valueProviderFactories;
         this.rtreePolicyType = rtreePolicyType;
         this.linearizeCmpFactory = linearizeCmpFactory;
+        this.btreeFields = btreeFields;
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -61,6 +63,6 @@
                 virtualBufferCacheProvider.getVirtualBufferCaches(ctx), bloomFilterFalsePositiveRate,
                 btreeComparatorFactories, valueProviderFactories, rtreePolicyType,
                 mergePolicyFactory.createMergePolicy(mergePolicyProperties), opTrackerFactory,
-                ioSchedulerProvider.getIOScheduler(ctx), ioOpCallbackFactory, linearizeCmpFactory);
+                ioSchedulerProvider.getIOScheduler(ctx), ioOpCallbackFactory, linearizeCmpFactory, btreeFields);
     }
 }
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/impls/AbstractLSMRTree.java b/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/impls/AbstractLSMRTree.java
index 673c7ae..7142929 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/impls/AbstractLSMRTree.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/impls/AbstractLSMRTree.java
@@ -97,8 +97,8 @@
             BTree memBTree = new BTree(virtualBufferCache,
                     ((IVirtualBufferCache) virtualBufferCache).getFileMapProvider(), new VirtualFreePageManager(
                             virtualBufferCache.getNumPages()), btreeInteriorFrameFactory, btreeLeafFrameFactory,
-                    btreeCmpFactories, fieldCount, new FileReference(new File(fileManager.getBaseDir() + "_virtual_b_"
-                            + i)));
+                    btreeCmpFactories, btreeCmpFactories.length, new FileReference(new File(fileManager.getBaseDir()
+                            + "_virtual_b_" + i)));
             LSMRTreeMemoryComponent mutableComponent = new LSMRTreeMemoryComponent(memRTree, memBTree,
                     virtualBufferCache, i == 0 ? true : false);
             memoryComponents.add(mutableComponent);
@@ -152,8 +152,7 @@
         }
 
         if (flushOnExit) {
-            BlockingIOOperationCallbackWrapper cb = new BlockingIOOperationCallbackWrapper(
-                    ioOpCallback);
+            BlockingIOOperationCallbackWrapper cb = new BlockingIOOperationCallbackWrapper(ioOpCallback);
             ILSMIndexAccessor accessor = createAccessor(NoOpOperationCallback.INSTANCE, NoOpOperationCallback.INSTANCE);
             accessor.scheduleFlush(cb);
             try {
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/impls/LSMRTree.java b/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/impls/LSMRTree.java
index 2be6d57..ffc92f2 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/impls/LSMRTree.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/impls/LSMRTree.java
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.impls.RangePredicate;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IIndexBulkLoader;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IIndexCursor;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IIndexOperationContext;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IModificationOperationCallback;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ISearchOperationCallback;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ISearchPredicate;
@@ -39,9 +40,11 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IndexException;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.TreeIndexException;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.exceptions.TreeIndexDuplicateKeyException;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls.NoOpOperationCallback;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.ophelpers.IndexOperation;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.ophelpers.MultiComparator;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.tuples.DualTupleReference;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.lsm.common.api.ILSMComponent;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.lsm.common.api.ILSMHarness;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.lsm.common.api.ILSMIOOperation;
@@ -63,6 +66,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.file.IFileMapProvider;
 
 public class LSMRTree extends AbstractLSMRTree {
+    private int[] buddyBTreeFields;
 
     public LSMRTree(List<IVirtualBufferCache> virtualBufferCaches, ITreeIndexFrameFactory rtreeInteriorFrameFactory,
             ITreeIndexFrameFactory rtreeLeafFrameFactory, ITreeIndexFrameFactory btreeInteriorFrameFactory,
@@ -72,13 +76,14 @@
             IFileMapProvider diskFileMapProvider, int fieldCount, IBinaryComparatorFactory[] rtreeCmpFactories,
             IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeCmpFactories, ILinearizeComparatorFactory linearizer,
             int[] comparatorFields, IBinaryComparatorFactory[] linearizerArray, ILSMMergePolicy mergePolicy,
-            ILSMOperationTracker opTracker, ILSMIOOperationScheduler ioScheduler,
-            ILSMIOOperationCallback ioOpCallback) {
+            ILSMOperationTracker opTracker, ILSMIOOperationScheduler ioScheduler, ILSMIOOperationCallback ioOpCallback,
+            int[] buddyBTreeFields) {
         super(virtualBufferCaches, rtreeInteriorFrameFactory, rtreeLeafFrameFactory, btreeInteriorFrameFactory,
                 btreeLeafFrameFactory, fileNameManager, new LSMRTreeDiskComponentFactory(diskRTreeFactory,
                         diskBTreeFactory, bloomFilterFactory), diskFileMapProvider, fieldCount, rtreeCmpFactories,
                 btreeCmpFactories, linearizer, comparatorFields, linearizerArray, bloomFilterFalsePositiveRate,
                 mergePolicy, opTracker, ioScheduler, ioOpCallback);
+        this.buddyBTreeFields = buddyBTreeFields;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -321,10 +326,11 @@
 
             BTree btree = mergedComponent.getBTree();
             IIndexBulkLoader btreeBulkLoader = btree.createBulkLoader(1.0f, true, 0L, false);
-            
+
             long numElements = 0L;
             for (int i = 0; i < mergeOp.getMergingComponents().size(); ++i) {
-                numElements += ((LSMRTreeDiskComponent) mergeOp.getMergingComponents().get(i)).getBloomFilter().getNumElements();
+                numElements += ((LSMRTreeDiskComponent) mergeOp.getMergingComponents().get(i)).getBloomFilter()
+                        .getNumElements();
             }
 
             int maxBucketsPerElement = BloomCalculations.maxBucketsPerElement(numElements);
@@ -332,7 +338,7 @@
                     bloomFilterFalsePositiveRate);
             IIndexBulkLoader builder = mergedComponent.getBloomFilter().createBuilder(numElements,
                     bloomFilterSpec.getNumHashes(), bloomFilterSpec.getNumBucketsPerElements());
-            
+
             try {
                 while (btreeCursor.hasNext()) {
                     btreeCursor.next();
@@ -368,13 +374,29 @@
     }
 
     public class LSMRTreeAccessor extends LSMTreeIndexAccessor {
+        private DualTupleReference dualTuple = new DualTupleReference(buddyBTreeFields);
+
         public LSMRTreeAccessor(ILSMHarness lsmHarness, ILSMIndexOperationContext ctx) {
             super(lsmHarness, ctx);
         }
 
         @Override
         public ITreeIndexCursor createSearchCursor(boolean exclusive) {
-            return new LSMRTreeSearchCursor(ctx);
+            return new LSMRTreeSearchCursor(ctx, buddyBTreeFields);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void delete(ITupleReference tuple) throws HyracksDataException, IndexException {
+            dualTuple.reset(tuple);
+            ctx.setOperation(IndexOperation.DELETE);
+            lsmHarness.modify(ctx, false, dualTuple);
+        }
+        
+        @Override
+        public void forceDelete(ITupleReference tuple) throws HyracksDataException, IndexException {
+            dualTuple.reset(tuple);
+            ctx.setOperation(IndexOperation.DELETE);
+            lsmHarness.forceModify(ctx, dualTuple);
         }
 
         public MultiComparator getMultiComparator() {
@@ -399,6 +421,30 @@
         }
     }
 
+    // This function is modified for R-Trees without antimatter tuples to allow buddy B-Tree to have only primary keys
+    @Override
+    public void modify(IIndexOperationContext ictx, ITupleReference tuple) throws HyracksDataException, IndexException {
+        LSMRTreeOpContext ctx = (LSMRTreeOpContext) ictx;
+        if (ctx.getOperation() == IndexOperation.PHYSICALDELETE) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Physical delete not supported in the LSM-RTree");
+        }
+
+        ctx.modificationCallback.before(tuple);
+        ctx.modificationCallback.found(null, tuple);
+        if (ctx.getOperation() == IndexOperation.INSERT) {
+            ctx.currentMutableRTreeAccessor.insert(tuple);
+        } else {
+            // First remove all entries in the in-memory rtree (if any).
+            ctx.currentMutableRTreeAccessor.delete(tuple);
+            try {
+                ctx.currentMutableBTreeAccessor.insert(((DualTupleReference) tuple).getPermutingTuple());
+            } catch (TreeIndexDuplicateKeyException e) {
+                // Do nothing, because one delete tuple is enough to indicate
+                // that all the corresponding insert tuples are deleted
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     public class LSMRTreeBulkLoader implements IIndexBulkLoader {
         private final ILSMComponent component;
         private final IIndexBulkLoader bulkLoader;
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/impls/LSMRTreeSearchCursor.java b/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/impls/LSMRTreeSearchCursor.java
index f669585..ec9921c 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/impls/LSMRTreeSearchCursor.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/impls/LSMRTreeSearchCursor.java
@@ -20,15 +20,18 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ICursorInitialState;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ISearchPredicate;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IndexException;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.tuples.PermutingTupleReference;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.lsm.common.api.ILSMIndexOperationContext;
 
 public class LSMRTreeSearchCursor extends LSMRTreeAbstractCursor {
 
     private int currentCursor;
+    private PermutingTupleReference btreeTuple;
 
-    public LSMRTreeSearchCursor(ILSMIndexOperationContext opCtx) {
+    public LSMRTreeSearchCursor(ILSMIndexOperationContext opCtx, int[] buddyBTreeFields) {
         super(opCtx);
         currentCursor = 0;
+        this.btreeTuple = new PermutingTupleReference(buddyBTreeFields);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -77,12 +80,12 @@
             while (rtreeCursors[currentCursor].hasNext()) {
                 rtreeCursors[currentCursor].next();
                 ITupleReference currentTuple = rtreeCursors[currentCursor].getTuple();
-
+                btreeTuple.reset(rtreeCursors[currentCursor].getTuple());
                 boolean killerTupleFound = false;
                 for (int i = 0; i < currentCursor; i++) {
                     btreeCursors[i].reset();
-                    btreeRangePredicate.setHighKey(currentTuple, true);
-                    btreeRangePredicate.setLowKey(currentTuple, true);
+                    btreeRangePredicate.setHighKey(btreeTuple, true);
+                    btreeRangePredicate.setLowKey(btreeTuple, true);
                     btreeAccessors[i].search(btreeCursors[i], btreeRangePredicate);
                     try {
                         if (btreeCursors[i].hasNext()) {
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/utils/LSMRTreeUtils.java b/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/utils/LSMRTreeUtils.java
index ee942e7..13ecc84 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/utils/LSMRTreeUtils.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/utils/LSMRTreeUtils.java
@@ -66,9 +66,16 @@
             IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] valueProviderFactories, RTreePolicyType rtreePolicyType,
             double bloomFilterFalsePositiveRate, ILSMMergePolicy mergePolicy, ILSMOperationTracker opTracker,
             ILSMIOOperationScheduler ioScheduler, ILSMIOOperationCallback ioOpCallback,
-            ILinearizeComparatorFactory linearizeCmpFactory) throws TreeIndexException {
+            ILinearizeComparatorFactory linearizeCmpFactory, int[] buddyBTreeFields) throws TreeIndexException {
+
+        ITypeTraits[] btreeTypeTraits = new ITypeTraits[buddyBTreeFields.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < btreeTypeTraits.length; i++) {
+            btreeTypeTraits[i] = typeTraits[buddyBTreeFields[i]];
+        }
+
         LSMTypeAwareTupleWriterFactory rtreeTupleWriterFactory = new LSMTypeAwareTupleWriterFactory(typeTraits, false);
-        LSMTypeAwareTupleWriterFactory btreeTupleWriterFactory = new LSMTypeAwareTupleWriterFactory(typeTraits, true);
+        LSMTypeAwareTupleWriterFactory btreeTupleWriterFactory = new LSMTypeAwareTupleWriterFactory(btreeTypeTraits,
+                true);
 
         ITreeIndexFrameFactory rtreeInteriorFrameFactory = new RTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory(rtreeTupleWriterFactory,
                 valueProviderFactories, rtreePolicyType);
@@ -87,7 +94,7 @@
                 typeTraits.length);
         TreeIndexFactory<BTree> diskBTreeFactory = new BTreeFactory(diskBufferCache, diskFileMapProvider,
                 freePageManagerFactory, btreeInteriorFrameFactory, btreeLeafFrameFactory, btreeCmpFactories,
-                typeTraits.length);
+                btreeTypeTraits.length);
 
         int[] comparatorFields = { 0 };
         IBinaryComparatorFactory[] linearizerArray = { linearizeCmpFactory };
@@ -105,7 +112,7 @@
                 btreeInteriorFrameFactory, btreeLeafFrameFactory, fileNameManager, diskRTreeFactory, diskBTreeFactory,
                 bloomFilterFactory, bloomFilterFalsePositiveRate, diskFileMapProvider, typeTraits.length,
                 rtreeCmpFactories, btreeCmpFactories, linearizeCmpFactory, comparatorFields, linearizerArray,
-                mergePolicy, opTracker, ioScheduler, ioOpCallback);
+                mergePolicy, opTracker, ioScheduler, ioOpCallback, buddyBTreeFields);
         return lsmTree;
     }
 
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/AbstractRTreeExamplesTest.java b/hyracks/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/AbstractRTreeExamplesTest.java
index 6a519d0..ff3d21c 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/AbstractRTreeExamplesTest.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/AbstractRTreeExamplesTest.java
@@ -52,12 +52,20 @@
 
 @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
 public abstract class AbstractRTreeExamplesTest {
+
+    public static enum RTreeType {
+        LSMRTREE,
+        LSMRTREE_WITH_ANTIMATTER,
+        RTREE
+    };
+
     protected static final Logger LOGGER = Logger.getLogger(AbstractRTreeExamplesTest.class.getName());
     protected final Random rnd = new Random(50);
+    protected RTreeType rTreeType;
 
     protected abstract ITreeIndex createTreeIndex(ITypeTraits[] typeTraits,
             IBinaryComparatorFactory[] rtreeCmpFactories, IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeCmpFactories,
-            IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] valueProviderFactories, RTreePolicyType rtreePolicyType)
+            IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] valueProviderFactories, RTreePolicyType rtreePolicyType, int[] btreeFields)
             throws TreeIndexException;
 
     /**
@@ -96,21 +104,37 @@
         rtreeCmpFactories[3] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
 
         // Declare BTree keys, this will only be used for LSMRTree
-        int btreeKeyFieldCount = 6;
-        IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeCmpFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[btreeKeyFieldCount];
-        btreeCmpFactories[0] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
-        btreeCmpFactories[1] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
-        btreeCmpFactories[2] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
-        btreeCmpFactories[3] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
-        btreeCmpFactories[4] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
-        btreeCmpFactories[5] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
+        int btreeKeyFieldCount;
+        IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeCmpFactories;
+        int[] btreeFields = null;
+        if (rTreeType == RTreeType.LSMRTREE) {
+            //Parameters look different for LSM RTREE from LSM RTREE WITH ANTI MATTER TUPLES
+            btreeKeyFieldCount = 2;
+            btreeCmpFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[btreeKeyFieldCount];
+            btreeCmpFactories[0] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeCmpFactories[1] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeFields = new int[btreeKeyFieldCount];
+            for (int i = 0; i < btreeKeyFieldCount; i++) {
+                btreeFields[i] = rtreeKeyFieldCount + i;
+            }
+
+        } else {
+            btreeKeyFieldCount = 6;
+            btreeCmpFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[btreeKeyFieldCount];
+            btreeCmpFactories[0] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeCmpFactories[1] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeCmpFactories[2] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeCmpFactories[3] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeCmpFactories[4] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeCmpFactories[5] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
+        }
 
         // create value providers
         IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] valueProviderFactories = RTreeUtils.createPrimitiveValueProviderFactories(
                 rtreeCmpFactories.length, IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
 
         ITreeIndex treeIndex = createTreeIndex(typeTraits, rtreeCmpFactories, btreeCmpFactories,
-                valueProviderFactories, RTreePolicyType.RTREE);
+                valueProviderFactories, RTreePolicyType.RTREE, btreeFields);
         treeIndex.create();
         treeIndex.activate();
 
@@ -192,20 +216,36 @@
         rtreeCmpFactories[3] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
 
         // Declare BTree keys, this will only be used for LSMRTree
-        int btreeKeyFieldCount = 5;
-        IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeCmpFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[btreeKeyFieldCount];
-        btreeCmpFactories[0] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
-        btreeCmpFactories[1] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
-        btreeCmpFactories[2] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
-        btreeCmpFactories[3] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
-        btreeCmpFactories[4] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(UTF8StringPointable.FACTORY);
+        int btreeKeyFieldCount;
+        IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeCmpFactories;
+        int[] btreeFields = null;
+        if (rTreeType == RTreeType.LSMRTREE) {
+            //Parameters look different for LSM RTREE from LSM RTREE WITH ANTI MATTER TUPLES
+            btreeKeyFieldCount = 1;
+            btreeCmpFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[btreeKeyFieldCount];
+            btreeCmpFactories[0] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(UTF8StringPointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeFields = new int[btreeKeyFieldCount];
+            for (int i = 0; i < btreeKeyFieldCount; i++) {
+                btreeFields[i] = rtreeKeyFieldCount + i;
+            }
+
+        } else {
+            btreeKeyFieldCount = 5;
+            btreeCmpFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[btreeKeyFieldCount];
+            btreeCmpFactories[0] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeCmpFactories[1] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeCmpFactories[2] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeCmpFactories[3] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeCmpFactories[4] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(UTF8StringPointable.FACTORY);
+        }
 
         // create value providers
         IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] valueProviderFactories = RTreeUtils.createPrimitiveValueProviderFactories(
                 rtreeCmpFactories.length, IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
 
+        //2
         ITreeIndex treeIndex = createTreeIndex(typeTraits, rtreeCmpFactories, btreeCmpFactories,
-                valueProviderFactories, RTreePolicyType.RTREE);
+                valueProviderFactories, RTreePolicyType.RTREE, btreeFields);
 
         treeIndex.create();
         treeIndex.activate();
@@ -316,20 +356,35 @@
         rtreeCmpFactories[3] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
 
         // Declare BTree keys, this will only be used for LSMRTree
-        int btreeKeyFieldCount = 5;
-        IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeCmpFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[btreeKeyFieldCount];
-        btreeCmpFactories[0] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
-        btreeCmpFactories[1] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
-        btreeCmpFactories[2] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
-        btreeCmpFactories[3] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
-        btreeCmpFactories[4] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(UTF8StringPointable.FACTORY);
+        int btreeKeyFieldCount;
+        IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeCmpFactories;
+        int[] btreeFields = null;
+        if (rTreeType == RTreeType.LSMRTREE) {
+            //Parameters look different for LSM RTREE from LSM RTREE WITH ANTI MATTER TUPLES
+            btreeKeyFieldCount = 1;
+            btreeCmpFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[btreeKeyFieldCount];
+            btreeCmpFactories[0] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(UTF8StringPointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeFields = new int[btreeKeyFieldCount];
+            for (int i = 0; i < btreeKeyFieldCount; i++) {
+                btreeFields[i] = rtreeKeyFieldCount + i;
+            }
+
+        } else {
+            btreeKeyFieldCount = 5;
+            btreeCmpFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[btreeKeyFieldCount];
+            btreeCmpFactories[0] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeCmpFactories[1] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeCmpFactories[2] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeCmpFactories[3] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeCmpFactories[4] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(UTF8StringPointable.FACTORY);
+        }
 
         // create value providers
         IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] valueProviderFactories = RTreeUtils.createPrimitiveValueProviderFactories(
                 rtreeCmpFactories.length, IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
 
         ITreeIndex treeIndex = createTreeIndex(typeTraits, rtreeCmpFactories, btreeCmpFactories,
-                valueProviderFactories, RTreePolicyType.RSTARTREE);
+                valueProviderFactories, RTreePolicyType.RSTARTREE, btreeFields);
 
         treeIndex.create();
         treeIndex.activate();
@@ -447,23 +502,39 @@
         rtreeCmpFactories[4] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(DoublePointable.FACTORY);
         rtreeCmpFactories[5] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(DoublePointable.FACTORY);
 
-        // Declare RTree keys.
-        int btreeKeyFieldCount = 7;
-        IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeCmpFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[btreeKeyFieldCount];
-        btreeCmpFactories[0] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(DoublePointable.FACTORY);
-        btreeCmpFactories[1] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(DoublePointable.FACTORY);
-        btreeCmpFactories[2] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(DoublePointable.FACTORY);
-        btreeCmpFactories[3] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(DoublePointable.FACTORY);
-        btreeCmpFactories[4] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(DoublePointable.FACTORY);
-        btreeCmpFactories[5] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(DoublePointable.FACTORY);
-        btreeCmpFactories[6] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(DoublePointable.FACTORY);
+        // Declare BTree keys, this will only be used for LSMRTree
+        int btreeKeyFieldCount;
+        IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeCmpFactories;
+        int[] btreeFields = null;
+        if (rTreeType == RTreeType.LSMRTREE) {
+            //Parameters look different for LSM RTREE from LSM RTREE WITH ANTI MATTER TUPLES
+            btreeKeyFieldCount = 1;
+            btreeCmpFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[btreeKeyFieldCount];
+            btreeCmpFactories[0] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(DoublePointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeFields = new int[btreeKeyFieldCount];
+            for (int i = 0; i < btreeKeyFieldCount; i++) {
+                btreeFields[i] = rtreeKeyFieldCount + i;
+            }
+
+        } else {
+            btreeKeyFieldCount = 7;
+            btreeCmpFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[btreeKeyFieldCount];
+            btreeCmpFactories[0] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(DoublePointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeCmpFactories[1] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(DoublePointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeCmpFactories[2] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(DoublePointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeCmpFactories[3] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(DoublePointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeCmpFactories[4] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(DoublePointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeCmpFactories[5] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(DoublePointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeCmpFactories[6] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(DoublePointable.FACTORY);
+        }
 
         // create value providers
         IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] valueProviderFactories = RTreeUtils.createPrimitiveValueProviderFactories(
                 rtreeCmpFactories.length, DoublePointable.FACTORY);
 
+        //4
         ITreeIndex treeIndex = createTreeIndex(typeTraits, rtreeCmpFactories, btreeCmpFactories,
-                valueProviderFactories, RTreePolicyType.RTREE);
+                valueProviderFactories, RTreePolicyType.RTREE, btreeFields);
         treeIndex.create();
         treeIndex.activate();
 
@@ -541,21 +612,36 @@
         rtreeCmpFactories[2] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
         rtreeCmpFactories[3] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
 
-        // Declare BTree keys.
-        int btreeKeyFieldCount = 5;
-        IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeCmpFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[btreeKeyFieldCount];
-        btreeCmpFactories[0] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
-        btreeCmpFactories[1] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
-        btreeCmpFactories[2] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
-        btreeCmpFactories[3] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
-        btreeCmpFactories[4] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
+        // Declare BTree keys, this will only be used for LSMRTree
+        int btreeKeyFieldCount;
+        IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeCmpFactories;
+        int[] btreeFields = null;
+        if (rTreeType == RTreeType.LSMRTREE) {
+            //Parameters look different for LSM RTREE from LSM RTREE WITH ANTI MATTER TUPLES
+            btreeKeyFieldCount = 1;
+            btreeCmpFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[btreeKeyFieldCount];
+            btreeCmpFactories[0] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeFields = new int[btreeKeyFieldCount];
+            for (int i = 0; i < btreeKeyFieldCount; i++) {
+                btreeFields[i] = rtreeKeyFieldCount + i;
+            }
+
+        } else {
+            btreeKeyFieldCount = 5;
+            btreeCmpFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[btreeKeyFieldCount];
+            btreeCmpFactories[0] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeCmpFactories[1] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeCmpFactories[2] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeCmpFactories[3] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeCmpFactories[4] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
+        }
 
         // create value providers
         IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] valueProviderFactories = RTreeUtils.createPrimitiveValueProviderFactories(
                 rtreeCmpFactories.length, IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
 
         ITreeIndex treeIndex = createTreeIndex(typeTraits, rtreeCmpFactories, btreeCmpFactories,
-                valueProviderFactories, RTreePolicyType.RTREE);
+                valueProviderFactories, RTreePolicyType.RTREE, btreeFields);
         treeIndex.create();
         treeIndex.activate();
 
@@ -662,21 +748,37 @@
         rtreeCmpFactories[2] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
         rtreeCmpFactories[3] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
 
-        // Declare BTree keys.
-        int btreeKeyFieldCount = 5;
-        IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeCmpFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[btreeKeyFieldCount];
-        btreeCmpFactories[0] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
-        btreeCmpFactories[1] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
-        btreeCmpFactories[2] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
-        btreeCmpFactories[3] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
-        btreeCmpFactories[4] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
+        // Declare BTree keys, this will only be used for LSMRTree
+        int btreeKeyFieldCount;
+        IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeCmpFactories;
+        int[] btreeFields = null;
+        if (rTreeType == RTreeType.LSMRTREE) {
+            //Parameters look different for LSM RTREE from LSM RTREE WITH ANTI MATTER TUPLES
+            btreeKeyFieldCount = 1;
+            btreeCmpFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[btreeKeyFieldCount];
+            btreeCmpFactories[0] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeFields = new int[btreeKeyFieldCount];
+            for (int i = 0; i < btreeKeyFieldCount; i++) {
+                btreeFields[i] = rtreeKeyFieldCount + i;
+            }
+
+        } else {
+            btreeKeyFieldCount = 5;
+            btreeCmpFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[btreeKeyFieldCount];
+            btreeCmpFactories[0] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeCmpFactories[1] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeCmpFactories[2] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeCmpFactories[3] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
+            btreeCmpFactories[4] = PointableBinaryComparatorFactory.of(IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
+        }
 
         // create value providers
         IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] valueProviderFactories = RTreeUtils.createPrimitiveValueProviderFactories(
                 rtreeCmpFactories.length, IntegerPointable.FACTORY);
 
+        //6
         ITreeIndex treeIndex = createTreeIndex(typeTraits, rtreeCmpFactories, btreeCmpFactories,
-                valueProviderFactories, RTreePolicyType.RTREE);
+                valueProviderFactories, RTreePolicyType.RTREE, btreeFields);
         treeIndex.create();
         treeIndex.activate();
 
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/AbstractRTreeMultiThreadTest.java b/hyracks/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/AbstractRTreeMultiThreadTest.java
index d97a2d7..4aa24c6 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/AbstractRTreeMultiThreadTest.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/AbstractRTreeMultiThreadTest.java
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.TreeIndexException;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.config.AccessMethodTestsConfig;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.AbstractRTreeExamplesTest.RTreeType;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.frames.RTreePolicyType;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.util.RTreeUtils;
 
@@ -45,9 +46,11 @@
 public abstract class AbstractRTreeMultiThreadTest {
 
     protected final boolean testRstarPolicy;
+    protected final RTreeType rTreeType;
 
-    public AbstractRTreeMultiThreadTest(boolean testRstarPolicy) {
+    public AbstractRTreeMultiThreadTest(boolean testRstarPolicy, RTreeType rTreeType) {
         this.testRstarPolicy = testRstarPolicy;
+        this.rTreeType = rTreeType;
     }
 
     protected final Logger LOGGER = Logger.getLogger(AbstractRTreeMultiThreadTest.class.getName());
@@ -66,7 +69,7 @@
 
     protected abstract ITreeIndex createTreeIndex(ITypeTraits[] typeTraits,
             IBinaryComparatorFactory[] rtreeCmpFactories, IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeCmpFactories,
-            IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] valueProviderFactories, RTreePolicyType rtreePolicyType)
+            IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] valueProviderFactories, RTreePolicyType rtreePolicyType, int[] btreeFields)
             throws TreeIndexException;
 
     protected abstract IIndexTestWorkerFactory getWorkerFactory();
@@ -89,11 +92,23 @@
 
         ITypeTraits[] typeTraits = SerdeUtils.serdesToTypeTraits(fieldSerdes);
         IBinaryComparatorFactory[] rtreeCmpFactories = SerdeUtils.serdesToComparatorFactories(fieldSerdes, numKeys);
-        IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeCmpFactories = SerdeUtils.serdesToComparatorFactories(fieldSerdes,
-                fieldSerdes.length);
+        int[] btreeFields = null;
+        IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeCmpFactories;
+        if (rTreeType == RTreeType.LSMRTREE) {
+            int numBtreeFields = fieldSerdes.length - numKeys;
+            ISerializerDeserializer[] btreeFieldSerdes = new ISerializerDeserializer[numBtreeFields];
+            btreeFields = new int[numBtreeFields];
+            for (int i = 0; i < numBtreeFields; i++) {
+                btreeFields[i] = numKeys + i;
+                btreeFieldSerdes[i] = fieldSerdes[numKeys + i];
+            }
+            btreeCmpFactories = SerdeUtils.serdesToComparatorFactories(btreeFieldSerdes, numBtreeFields);
+        } else {
+            btreeCmpFactories = SerdeUtils.serdesToComparatorFactories(fieldSerdes, fieldSerdes.length);
+        }
 
         ITreeIndex index = createTreeIndex(typeTraits, rtreeCmpFactories, btreeCmpFactories, valueProviderFactories,
-                rtreePolicyType);
+                rtreePolicyType, btreeFields);
         IIndexTestWorkerFactory workerFactory = getWorkerFactory();
 
         // 4 batches per thread.
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/LSMBTreeExamplesTest.java b/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/LSMBTreeExamplesTest.java
index dc55f5d..f174ce4 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/LSMBTreeExamplesTest.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/LSMBTreeExamplesTest.java
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
         return LSMBTreeUtils.createLSMTree(harness.getVirtualBufferCaches(), harness.getFileReference(),
                 harness.getDiskBufferCache(), harness.getDiskFileMapProvider(), typeTraits, cmpFactories,
                 bloomFilterKeyFields, harness.getBoomFilterFalsePositiveRate(), harness.getMergePolicy(),
-                harness.getOperationTracker(), harness.getIOScheduler(), harness.getIOOperationCallback());
+                harness.getOperationTracker(), harness.getIOScheduler(), harness.getIOOperationCallback(), true);
     }
 
     @Before
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/LSMBTreeModificationOperationCallbackTest.java b/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/LSMBTreeModificationOperationCallbackTest.java
index 2234075..9881975 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/LSMBTreeModificationOperationCallbackTest.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/LSMBTreeModificationOperationCallbackTest.java
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
                 SerdeUtils.serdesToComparatorFactories(keySerdes, keySerdes.length), bloomFilterKeyFields,
                 harness.getBoomFilterFalsePositiveRate(), harness.getMergePolicy(),
                 NoOpOperationTrackerProvider.INSTANCE.getOperationTracker(null), harness.getIOScheduler(),
-                harness.getIOOperationCallback());
+                harness.getIOOperationCallback(), true);
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/LSMBTreeSearchOperationCallbackTest.java b/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/LSMBTreeSearchOperationCallbackTest.java
index afaf30b..d4a0857 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/LSMBTreeSearchOperationCallbackTest.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/LSMBTreeSearchOperationCallbackTest.java
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
                 SerdeUtils.serdesToComparatorFactories(keySerdes, keySerdes.length), bloomFilterKeyFields,
                 harness.getBoomFilterFalsePositiveRate(), harness.getMergePolicy(),
                 NoOpOperationTrackerProvider.INSTANCE.getOperationTracker(null), harness.getIOScheduler(),
-                harness.getIOOperationCallback());
+                harness.getIOOperationCallback(), true);
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/multithread/LSMBTreeMultiThreadTest.java b/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/multithread/LSMBTreeMultiThreadTest.java
index adee618..c6f0a65 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/multithread/LSMBTreeMultiThreadTest.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/multithread/LSMBTreeMultiThreadTest.java
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
         return LSMBTreeUtils.createLSMTree(harness.getVirtualBufferCaches(), harness.getFileReference(),
                 harness.getDiskBufferCache(), harness.getDiskFileMapProvider(), typeTraits, cmpFactories,
                 bloomFilterKeyFields, harness.getBoomFilterFalsePositiveRate(), harness.getMergePolicy(),
-                harness.getOperationTracker(), harness.getIOScheduler(), harness.getIOOperationCallback());
+                harness.getOperationTracker(), harness.getIOScheduler(), harness.getIOOperationCallback(), true);
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/perf/LSMTreeRunner.java b/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/perf/LSMTreeRunner.java
index fb06a7e..045aed0 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/perf/LSMTreeRunner.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/perf/LSMTreeRunner.java
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@
 
         lsmtree = LSMBTreeUtils.createLSMTree(virtualBufferCaches, file, bufferCache, fmp, typeTraits, cmpFactories,
                 bloomFilterKeyFields, bloomFilterFalsePositiveRate, NoMergePolicy.INSTANCE,
-                new ThreadCountingTracker(), ioScheduler, NoOpIOOperationCallback.INSTANCE);
+                new ThreadCountingTracker(), ioScheduler, NoOpIOOperationCallback.INSTANCE, true);
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/util/LSMBTreeTestContext.java b/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/util/LSMBTreeTestContext.java
index 6f7c23a..84ea6df 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/util/LSMBTreeTestContext.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/util/LSMBTreeTestContext.java
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
         }
         LSMBTree lsmTree = LSMBTreeUtils.createLSMTree(virtualBufferCaches, file, diskBufferCache, diskFileMapProvider,
                 typeTraits, cmpFactories, bloomFilterKeyFields, bloomFilterFalsePositiveRate, mergePolicy, opTracker,
-                ioScheduler, ioOpCallback);
+                ioScheduler, ioOpCallback, true);
         LSMBTreeTestContext testCtx = new LSMBTreeTestContext(fieldSerdes, lsmTree);
         return testCtx;
     }
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/LSMRTreeExamplesTest.java b/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/LSMRTreeExamplesTest.java
index b04ae16..2b02656 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/LSMRTreeExamplesTest.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/LSMRTreeExamplesTest.java
@@ -33,16 +33,21 @@
 public class LSMRTreeExamplesTest extends AbstractRTreeExamplesTest {
     private final LSMRTreeTestHarness harness = new LSMRTreeTestHarness();
 
+    public LSMRTreeExamplesTest() {
+        super();
+        this.rTreeType = RTreeType.LSMRTREE;
+    }
+
     @Override
     protected ITreeIndex createTreeIndex(ITypeTraits[] typeTraits, IBinaryComparatorFactory[] rtreeCmpFactories,
             IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeCmpFactories, IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] valueProviderFactories,
-            RTreePolicyType rtreePolicyType) throws TreeIndexException {
+            RTreePolicyType rtreePolicyType, int[] btreeFields) throws TreeIndexException {
         return LSMRTreeUtils.createLSMTree(harness.getVirtualBufferCaches(), harness.getFileReference(),
                 harness.getDiskBufferCache(), harness.getDiskFileMapProvider(), typeTraits, rtreeCmpFactories,
                 btreeCmpFactories, valueProviderFactories, rtreePolicyType, harness.getBoomFilterFalsePositiveRate(),
                 harness.getMergePolicy(), harness.getOperationTracker(), harness.getIOScheduler(),
                 harness.getIOOperationCallback(),
-                LSMRTreeUtils.proposeBestLinearizer(typeTraits, rtreeCmpFactories.length));
+                LSMRTreeUtils.proposeBestLinearizer(typeTraits, rtreeCmpFactories.length), btreeFields);
     }
 
     @Before
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuplesExamplesTest.java b/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuplesExamplesTest.java
index a51abef..3ce30c5 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuplesExamplesTest.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuplesExamplesTest.java
@@ -33,10 +33,15 @@
 public class LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuplesExamplesTest extends AbstractRTreeExamplesTest {
     private final LSMRTreeTestHarness harness = new LSMRTreeTestHarness();
 
+    public LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuplesExamplesTest() {
+        super();
+        this.rTreeType = RTreeType.LSMRTREE_WITH_ANTIMATTER;
+    }
+
     @Override
     protected ITreeIndex createTreeIndex(ITypeTraits[] typeTraits, IBinaryComparatorFactory[] rtreeCmpFactories,
             IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeCmpFactories, IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] valueProviderFactories,
-            RTreePolicyType rtreePolicyType) throws TreeIndexException {
+            RTreePolicyType rtreePolicyType, int[] btreeFields) throws TreeIndexException {
         return LSMRTreeUtils.createLSMTreeWithAntiMatterTuples(harness.getVirtualBufferCaches(),
                 harness.getFileReference(), harness.getDiskBufferCache(), harness.getDiskFileMapProvider(), typeTraits,
                 rtreeCmpFactories, btreeCmpFactories, valueProviderFactories, rtreePolicyType,
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/multithread/LSMRTreeMultiThreadTest.java b/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/multithread/LSMRTreeMultiThreadTest.java
index 077bd45..c3ec1b3 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/multithread/LSMRTreeMultiThreadTest.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/multithread/LSMRTreeMultiThreadTest.java
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.datagen.ProbabilityHelper;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.lsm.rtree.util.LSMRTreeTestHarness;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.lsm.rtree.utils.LSMRTreeUtils;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.AbstractRTreeExamplesTest.RTreeType;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.AbstractRTreeMultiThreadTest;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.frames.RTreePolicyType;
 
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@
     private LSMRTreeTestWorkerFactory workerFactory = new LSMRTreeTestWorkerFactory();
 
     public LSMRTreeMultiThreadTest() {
-        super(false);
+        super(false, RTreeType.LSMRTREE);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -56,13 +57,13 @@
     @Override
     protected ITreeIndex createTreeIndex(ITypeTraits[] typeTraits, IBinaryComparatorFactory[] rtreeCmpFactories,
             IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeCmpFactories, IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] valueProviderFactories,
-            RTreePolicyType rtreePolicyType) throws TreeIndexException {
+            RTreePolicyType rtreePolicyType, int[] btreeFields) throws TreeIndexException {
         return LSMRTreeUtils.createLSMTree(harness.getVirtualBufferCaches(), harness.getFileReference(),
                 harness.getDiskBufferCache(), harness.getDiskFileMapProvider(), typeTraits, rtreeCmpFactories,
                 btreeCmpFactories, valueProviderFactories, rtreePolicyType, harness.getBoomFilterFalsePositiveRate(),
                 harness.getMergePolicy(), harness.getOperationTracker(), harness.getIOScheduler(),
                 harness.getIOOperationCallback(),
-                LSMRTreeUtils.proposeBestLinearizer(typeTraits, rtreeCmpFactories.length));
+                LSMRTreeUtils.proposeBestLinearizer(typeTraits, rtreeCmpFactories.length), btreeFields);
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/multithread/LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuplesMultiThreadTest.java b/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/multithread/LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuplesMultiThreadTest.java
index ef871dd..22a4b07 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/multithread/LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuplesMultiThreadTest.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/multithread/LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuplesMultiThreadTest.java
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.datagen.ProbabilityHelper;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.lsm.rtree.util.LSMRTreeTestHarness;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.lsm.rtree.utils.LSMRTreeUtils;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.AbstractRTreeExamplesTest.RTreeType;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.AbstractRTreeMultiThreadTest;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.frames.RTreePolicyType;
 
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@
     private LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuplesTestWorkerFactory workerFactory = new LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuplesTestWorkerFactory();
 
     public LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuplesMultiThreadTest() {
-        super(false);
+        super(false, RTreeType.LSMRTREE_WITH_ANTIMATTER);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@
     @Override
     protected ITreeIndex createTreeIndex(ITypeTraits[] typeTraits, IBinaryComparatorFactory[] rtreeCmpFactories,
             IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeCmpFactories, IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] valueProviderFactories,
-            RTreePolicyType rtreePolicyType) throws TreeIndexException {
+            RTreePolicyType rtreePolicyType, int[] btreeFields) throws TreeIndexException {
         return LSMRTreeUtils.createLSMTreeWithAntiMatterTuples(harness.getVirtualBufferCaches(),
                 harness.getFileReference(), harness.getDiskBufferCache(), harness.getDiskFileMapProvider(), typeTraits,
                 rtreeCmpFactories, btreeCmpFactories, valueProviderFactories, rtreePolicyType,
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/util/LSMRTreeTestContext.java b/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/util/LSMRTreeTestContext.java
index 42e793b..484ebc6 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/util/LSMRTreeTestContext.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/util/LSMRTreeTestContext.java
@@ -75,12 +75,19 @@
         ITypeTraits[] typeTraits = SerdeUtils.serdesToTypeTraits(fieldSerdes);
         IBinaryComparatorFactory[] rtreeCmpFactories = SerdeUtils
                 .serdesToComparatorFactories(fieldSerdes, numKeyFields);
-        IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeCmpFactories = SerdeUtils.serdesToComparatorFactories(fieldSerdes,
-                fieldSerdes.length);
+        int numBtreeFields = fieldSerdes.length - numKeyFields;
+        ISerializerDeserializer[] btreeFieldSerdes = new ISerializerDeserializer[numBtreeFields];
+        int[] btreeFields = new int[numBtreeFields];
+        for (int i = 0; i < numBtreeFields; i++) {
+            btreeFields[i] = numKeyFields + i;
+            btreeFieldSerdes[i] = fieldSerdes[numKeyFields + i];
+        }
+        IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeCmpFactories = SerdeUtils.serdesToComparatorFactories(btreeFieldSerdes,
+                numBtreeFields);
         LSMRTree lsmTree = LSMRTreeUtils.createLSMTree(virtualBufferCaches, file, diskBufferCache, diskFileMapProvider,
                 typeTraits, rtreeCmpFactories, btreeCmpFactories, valueProviderFactories, rtreePolicyType,
                 bloomFilterFalsePositiveRate, mergePolicy, opTracker, ioScheduler, ioOpCallback,
-                LSMRTreeUtils.proposeBestLinearizer(typeTraits, rtreeCmpFactories.length));
+                LSMRTreeUtils.proposeBestLinearizer(typeTraits, rtreeCmpFactories.length), btreeFields);
         LSMRTreeTestContext testCtx = new LSMRTreeTestContext(fieldSerdes, lsmTree);
         return testCtx;
     }
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-rtree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/RTreeExamplesTest.java b/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-rtree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/RTreeExamplesTest.java
index d260ee2..8bec6d9 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-rtree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/RTreeExamplesTest.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-rtree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/RTreeExamplesTest.java
@@ -31,6 +31,11 @@
 public class RTreeExamplesTest extends AbstractRTreeExamplesTest {
     private final RTreeTestHarness harness = new RTreeTestHarness();
 
+    public RTreeExamplesTest() {
+        super();
+        this.rTreeType = RTreeType.RTREE;
+    }
+
     @Before
     public void setUp() throws HyracksDataException {
         harness.setUp();
@@ -44,7 +49,7 @@
     @Override
     protected ITreeIndex createTreeIndex(ITypeTraits[] typeTraits, IBinaryComparatorFactory[] rtreeCmpFactories,
             IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeCmpFactories, IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] valueProviderFactories,
-            RTreePolicyType rtreePolicyType) throws TreeIndexException {
+            RTreePolicyType rtreePolicyType, int[] btreeFields) throws TreeIndexException {
         return RTreeUtils.createRTree(harness.getBufferCache(), harness.getFileMapProvider(), typeTraits,
                 valueProviderFactories, rtreeCmpFactories, rtreePolicyType, harness.getFileReference());
     }
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-rtree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/multithread/RTreeMultiThreadTest.java b/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-rtree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/multithread/RTreeMultiThreadTest.java
index 0730bba..ba1113e 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-rtree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/multithread/RTreeMultiThreadTest.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-rtree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/multithread/RTreeMultiThreadTest.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.TreeIndexException;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.datagen.ProbabilityHelper;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.AbstractRTreeExamplesTest.RTreeType;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.AbstractRTreeMultiThreadTest;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.frames.RTreePolicyType;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.util.RTreeUtils;
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@
 public class RTreeMultiThreadTest extends AbstractRTreeMultiThreadTest {
 
     public RTreeMultiThreadTest() {
-        super(true);
+        super(true, RTreeType.RTREE);
     }
 
     private RTreeTestHarness harness = new RTreeTestHarness();
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@
     @Override
     protected ITreeIndex createTreeIndex(ITypeTraits[] typeTraits, IBinaryComparatorFactory[] rtreeCmpFactories,
             IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeCmpFactories, IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] valueProviderFactories,
-            RTreePolicyType rtreePolicyType) throws TreeIndexException {
+            RTreePolicyType rtreePolicyType, int[] btreeFields) throws TreeIndexException {
         return RTreeUtils.createRTree(harness.getBufferCache(), harness.getFileMapProvider(), typeTraits,
                 valueProviderFactories, rtreeCmpFactories, rtreePolicyType, harness.getFileReference());
 
diff --git a/pregelix/pregelix-core/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/core/jobgen/JobGen.java b/pregelix/pregelix-core/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/core/jobgen/JobGen.java
index 163e476..bde94a9 100644
--- a/pregelix/pregelix-core/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/core/jobgen/JobGen.java
+++ b/pregelix/pregelix-core/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/core/jobgen/JobGen.java
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@
     @Override
     public JobSpecification generateCreatingJob() throws HyracksException {
         Class<? extends WritableComparable<?>> vertexIdClass = BspUtils.getVertexIndexClass(conf);
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(frameSize);
         ITypeTraits[] typeTraits = new ITypeTraits[2];
         typeTraits[0] = new TypeTraits(false);
         typeTraits[1] = new TypeTraits(false);
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@
         Class<? extends WritableComparable<?>> vertexIdClass = BspUtils.getVertexIndexClass(conf);
         Class<? extends Writable> vertexClass = BspUtils.getVertexClass(conf);
         int maxFrameLimit = (int) (((long) 512 * MB) / frameSize);
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(frameSize);
         IFileSplitProvider fileSplitProvider = getFileSplitProvider(jobId, PRIMARY_INDEX);
 
         /**
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@
     public JobSpecification scanIndexPrintGraph(String nodeName, String path) throws HyracksException {
         Class<? extends WritableComparable<?>> vertexIdClass = BspUtils.getVertexIndexClass(conf);
         Class<? extends Writable> vertexClass = BspUtils.getVertexClass(conf);
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(frameSize);
 
         /**
          * construct empty tuple operator
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@
      * generate a "clear state" job
      */
     public JobSpecification generateClearState() throws HyracksException {
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(frameSize);
         ClearStateOperatorDescriptor clearState = new ClearStateOperatorDescriptor(spec, jobId);
         setLocationConstraint(spec, clearState);
         spec.addRoot(clearState);
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@
      * @throws HyracksException
      */
     protected JobSpecification dropIndex(String indexName) throws HyracksException {
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(frameSize);
 
         IFileSplitProvider fileSplitProvider = getFileSplitProvider(jobId, indexName);
         IndexDropOperatorDescriptor drop = new IndexDropOperatorDescriptor(spec, storageManagerInterface,
@@ -507,7 +507,8 @@
         if (BspUtils.useLSM(conf)) {
             return new LSMBTreeDataflowHelperFactory(new VirtualBufferCacheProvider(),
                     new ConstantMergePolicyFactory(), MERGE_POLICY_PROPERTIES, NoOpOperationTrackerProvider.INSTANCE,
-                    SynchronousSchedulerProvider.INSTANCE, NoOpIOOperationCallback.INSTANCE, 0.01);
+                    /* TODO verify whether key dup check is required or not in preglix: to be safe, just check it as it has been done*/
+                    SynchronousSchedulerProvider.INSTANCE, NoOpIOOperationCallback.INSTANCE, 0.01, true);
         } else {
             return new BTreeDataflowHelperFactory();
         }
@@ -518,7 +519,7 @@
         Configuration conf = job.getConfiguration();
         Class<? extends WritableComparable<?>> vertexIdClass = BspUtils.getVertexIndexClass(conf);
         Class<? extends Writable> vertexClass = BspUtils.getVertexClass(conf);
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(frameSize);
         IFileSplitProvider fileSplitProvider = getFileSplitProvider(jobId, PRIMARY_INDEX);
 
         /**
@@ -585,7 +586,7 @@
             HyracksException {
         Class<? extends WritableComparable<?>> vertexIdClass = BspUtils.getVertexIndexClass(conf);
         Class<? extends Writable> vertexClass = BspUtils.getVertexClass(conf);
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(frameSize);
 
         /**
          * construct empty tuple operator
@@ -673,7 +674,7 @@
     /** generate plan specific state checkpointing */
     protected JobSpecification[] generateStateCheckpointing(int lastSuccessfulIteration) throws HyracksException {
         Class<? extends WritableComparable<?>> vertexIdClass = BspUtils.getVertexIndexClass(conf);
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(frameSize);
 
         /**
          * source aggregate
@@ -726,7 +727,7 @@
         }
         Configuration conf = tmpJob.getConfiguration();
         Class vertexIdClass = BspUtils.getVertexIndexClass(conf);
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(frameSize);
 
         /***
          * HDFS read operator
@@ -825,7 +826,7 @@
     private JobSpecification bulkLoadLiveVertexBTree(int iteration) throws HyracksException {
         Class<? extends WritableComparable<?>> vertexIdClass = BspUtils.getVertexIndexClass(conf);
         Class<? extends Writable> vertexClass = BspUtils.getVertexClass(conf);
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(frameSize);
 
         /**
          * construct empty tuple operator
@@ -889,7 +890,7 @@
     public void setLocationConstraint(JobSpecification spec, IOperatorDescriptor operator) {
         optimizer.setOptimizedLocationConstraints(spec, operator);
     }
-    
+
     /**
      * get the file split provider
      * 
@@ -897,7 +898,7 @@
      * @param indexName
      * @return the IFileSplitProvider instance
      */
-    public IFileSplitProvider getFileSplitProvider(String jobId, String indexName){
+    public IFileSplitProvider getFileSplitProvider(String jobId, String indexName) {
         return optimizer.getOptimizedFileSplitProvider(jobId, indexName);
     }
 
diff --git a/pregelix/pregelix-core/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/core/jobgen/JobGenInnerJoin.java b/pregelix/pregelix-core/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/core/jobgen/JobGenInnerJoin.java
index f838fb8..a0da2a3 100644
--- a/pregelix/pregelix-core/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/core/jobgen/JobGenInnerJoin.java
+++ b/pregelix/pregelix-core/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/core/jobgen/JobGenInnerJoin.java
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
         Class<? extends Writable> messageValueClass = BspUtils.getMessageValueClass(conf);
         String[] partialAggregateValueClassNames = BspUtils.getPartialAggregateValueClassNames(conf);
         IConfigurationFactory confFactory = new ConfigurationFactory(conf);
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(frameSize);
 
         /**
          * construct empty tuple operator
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@
         Class<? extends Writable> vertexClass = BspUtils.getVertexClass(conf);
         Class<? extends Writable> messageValueClass = BspUtils.getMessageValueClass(conf);
         String[] partialAggregateValueClassNames = BspUtils.getPartialAggregateValueClassNames(conf);
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(frameSize);
 
         /**
          * source aggregate
@@ -567,7 +567,7 @@
     private JobSpecification generateSecondaryBTreeCheckpointLoad(int lastSuccessfulIteration, PregelixJob job)
             throws HyracksException {
         Class<? extends WritableComparable<?>> vertexIdClass = BspUtils.getVertexIndexClass(job.getConfiguration());
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(frameSize);
 
         String checkpointPath = BspUtils.getSecondaryIndexCheckpointPath(conf, lastSuccessfulIteration);
         PregelixJob tmpJob = createCloneJob("State checkpoint loading for job " + jobId, job);
@@ -650,7 +650,7 @@
         Class<? extends Writable> msgListClass = MsgList.class;
         String readFile = lastSuccessfulIteration % 2 == 0 ? SECONDARY_INDEX_EVEN : SECONDARY_INDEX_ODD;
         IFileSplitProvider secondaryFileSplitProviderRead = getFileSplitProvider(jobId, readFile);
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(frameSize);
         /**
          * construct empty tuple operator
          */
diff --git a/pregelix/pregelix-core/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/core/jobgen/JobGenOuterJoin.java b/pregelix/pregelix-core/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/core/jobgen/JobGenOuterJoin.java
index 39a56bf..2853fd0 100644
--- a/pregelix/pregelix-core/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/core/jobgen/JobGenOuterJoin.java
+++ b/pregelix/pregelix-core/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/core/jobgen/JobGenOuterJoin.java
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@
         Class<? extends Writable> messageValueClass = BspUtils.getMessageValueClass(conf);
         String[] partialAggregateValueClassNames = BspUtils.getPartialAggregateValueClassNames(conf);
         IConfigurationFactory confFactory = new ConfigurationFactory(conf);
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(frameSize);
 
         /**
          * construct empty tuple operator
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@
         Class<? extends Writable> vertexClass = BspUtils.getVertexClass(conf);
         Class<? extends Writable> messageValueClass = BspUtils.getMessageValueClass(conf);
         String[] partialAggregateValueClassNames = BspUtils.getPartialAggregateValueClassNames(conf);
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(frameSize);
 
         /**
          * source aggregate
diff --git a/pregelix/pregelix-core/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/core/jobgen/JobGenOuterJoinSingleSort.java b/pregelix/pregelix-core/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/core/jobgen/JobGenOuterJoinSingleSort.java
index c10e6c2..a72777b 100644
--- a/pregelix/pregelix-core/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/core/jobgen/JobGenOuterJoinSingleSort.java
+++ b/pregelix/pregelix-core/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/core/jobgen/JobGenOuterJoinSingleSort.java
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@
         Class<? extends Writable> messageValueClass = BspUtils.getMessageValueClass(conf);
         String[] partialAggregateValueClassNames = BspUtils.getPartialAggregateValueClassNames(conf);
         IConfigurationFactory confFactory = new ConfigurationFactory(conf);
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(frameSize);
 
         /**
          * construct empty tuple operator
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@
         Class<? extends Writable> vertexClass = BspUtils.getVertexClass(conf);
         Class<? extends Writable> messageValueClass = BspUtils.getMessageValueClass(conf);
         String[] partialAggregateValueClassNames = BspUtils.getPartialAggregateValueClassNames(conf);
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(frameSize);
 
         /**
          * source aggregate
diff --git a/pregelix/pregelix-core/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/core/jobgen/JobGenOuterJoinSort.java b/pregelix/pregelix-core/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/core/jobgen/JobGenOuterJoinSort.java
index 953d82c..e28b06b 100644
--- a/pregelix/pregelix-core/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/core/jobgen/JobGenOuterJoinSort.java
+++ b/pregelix/pregelix-core/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/core/jobgen/JobGenOuterJoinSort.java
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
         Class<? extends Writable> messageValueClass = BspUtils.getMessageValueClass(conf);
         String[] partialAggregateValueClassNames = BspUtils.getPartialAggregateValueClassNames(conf);
         IConfigurationFactory confFactory = new ConfigurationFactory(conf);
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(frameSize);
 
         /**
          * construct empty tuple operator
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@
         Class<? extends Writable> vertexClass = BspUtils.getVertexClass(conf);
         Class<? extends Writable> messageValueClass = BspUtils.getMessageValueClass(conf);
         String[] partialAggregateValueClassNames = BspUtils.getPartialAggregateValueClassNames(conf);
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification(frameSize);
 
         /**
          * source aggregate