diff --git a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/algebra/base/LogicalOperatorDeepCopyVisitor.java b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/algebra/base/LogicalOperatorDeepCopyVisitor.java
index 9fc2a12..9a532b4 100644
--- a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/algebra/base/LogicalOperatorDeepCopyVisitor.java
+++ b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/algebra/base/LogicalOperatorDeepCopyVisitor.java
@@ -359,7 +359,8 @@
 
     @Override
     public ILogicalOperator visitSelectOperator(SelectOperator op, ILogicalOperator arg) throws AlgebricksException {
-        SelectOperator opCopy = new SelectOperator(exprDeepCopyVisitor.deepCopyExpressionReference(op.getCondition()));
+        SelectOperator opCopy = new SelectOperator(exprDeepCopyVisitor.deepCopyExpressionReference(op.getCondition()),
+                op.getRetainNull(), deepCopyVariable(op.getNullPlaceholderVariable()));
         deepCopyInputs(op, opCopy, arg);
         copyAnnotations(op, opCopy);
         opCopy.setExecutionMode(op.getExecutionMode());
@@ -384,10 +385,11 @@
     }
 
     @Override
-    public ILogicalOperator visitUnnestMapOperator(UnnestMapOperator op, ILogicalOperator arg) throws AlgebricksException {
+    public ILogicalOperator visitUnnestMapOperator(UnnestMapOperator op, ILogicalOperator arg)
+            throws AlgebricksException {
         UnnestMapOperator opCopy = new UnnestMapOperator(deepCopyVariableList(op.getVariables()),
-                exprDeepCopyVisitor.deepCopyExpressionReference(op.getExpressionRef()),
-                op.getVariableTypes(), op.propagatesInput());
+                exprDeepCopyVisitor.deepCopyExpressionReference(op.getExpressionRef()), op.getVariableTypes(),
+                op.propagatesInput());
         deepCopyInputs(op, opCopy, arg);
         copyAnnotations(op, opCopy);
         opCopy.setExecutionMode(op.getExecutionMode());
diff --git a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/algebra/operators/physical/BTreeSearchPOperator.java b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/algebra/operators/physical/BTreeSearchPOperator.java
index 6f250e7..d70d9a8 100644
--- a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/algebra/operators/physical/BTreeSearchPOperator.java
+++ b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/algebra/operators/physical/BTreeSearchPOperator.java
@@ -113,9 +113,9 @@
             VariableUtilities.getLiveVariables(unnestMap, outputVars);
         }
         Pair<IOperatorDescriptor, AlgebricksPartitionConstraint> btreeSearch = metadataProvider.buildBtreeRuntime(
-                builder.getJobSpec(), outputVars, opSchema, typeEnv, context, jobGenParams.getRetainInput(), dataset,
-                jobGenParams.getIndexName(), lowKeyIndexes, highKeyIndexes, jobGenParams.isLowKeyInclusive(),
-                jobGenParams.isHighKeyInclusive(), implConfig);
+                builder.getJobSpec(), outputVars, opSchema, typeEnv, context, jobGenParams.getRetainInput(),
+                jobGenParams.getRetainNull(), dataset, jobGenParams.getIndexName(), lowKeyIndexes, highKeyIndexes,
+                jobGenParams.isLowKeyInclusive(), jobGenParams.isHighKeyInclusive(), implConfig);
         builder.contributeHyracksOperator(unnestMap, btreeSearch.first);
         builder.contributeAlgebricksPartitionConstraint(btreeSearch.first, btreeSearch.second);
 
diff --git a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/algebra/operators/physical/InvertedIndexPOperator.java b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/algebra/operators/physical/InvertedIndexPOperator.java
index 28e91ca..db070e7 100644
--- a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/algebra/operators/physical/InvertedIndexPOperator.java
+++ b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/algebra/operators/physical/InvertedIndexPOperator.java
@@ -128,8 +128,9 @@
         // Build runtime.
         Pair<IOperatorDescriptor, AlgebricksPartitionConstraint> invIndexSearch = buildInvertedIndexRuntime(
                 metadataProvider, context, builder.getJobSpec(), unnestMapOp, opSchema, jobGenParams.getRetainInput(),
-                jobGenParams.getDatasetName(), dataset, jobGenParams.getIndexName(), jobGenParams.getSearchKeyType(),
-                keyIndexes, jobGenParams.getSearchModifierType(), jobGenParams.getSimilarityThreshold());
+                jobGenParams.getRetainNull(), jobGenParams.getDatasetName(), dataset, jobGenParams.getIndexName(),
+                jobGenParams.getSearchKeyType(), keyIndexes, jobGenParams.getSearchModifierType(),
+                jobGenParams.getSimilarityThreshold());
         // Contribute operator in hyracks job.
         builder.contributeHyracksOperator(unnestMapOp, invIndexSearch.first);
         builder.contributeAlgebricksPartitionConstraint(invIndexSearch.first, invIndexSearch.second);
@@ -139,8 +140,8 @@
 
     public Pair<IOperatorDescriptor, AlgebricksPartitionConstraint> buildInvertedIndexRuntime(
             AqlMetadataProvider metadataProvider, JobGenContext context, JobSpecification jobSpec,
-            UnnestMapOperator unnestMap, IOperatorSchema opSchema, boolean retainInput, String datasetName,
-            Dataset dataset, String indexName, ATypeTag searchKeyType, int[] keyFields,
+            UnnestMapOperator unnestMap, IOperatorSchema opSchema, boolean retainInput, boolean retainNull,
+            String datasetName, Dataset dataset, String indexName, ATypeTag searchKeyType, int[] keyFields,
             SearchModifierType searchModifierType, IAlgebricksConstantValue similarityThreshold)
             throws AlgebricksException {
         try {
@@ -239,7 +240,8 @@
                     jobSpec, queryField, appContext.getStorageManagerInterface(), secondarySplitsAndConstraint.first,
                     appContext.getIndexLifecycleManagerProvider(), tokenTypeTraits, tokenComparatorFactories,
                     invListsTypeTraits, invListsComparatorFactories, dataflowHelperFactory, queryTokenizerFactory,
-                    searchModifierFactory, outputRecDesc, retainInput, NoOpOperationCallbackFactory.INSTANCE);
+                    searchModifierFactory, outputRecDesc, retainInput, retainNull, context.getNullWriterFactory(),
+                    NoOpOperationCallbackFactory.INSTANCE);
             return new Pair<IOperatorDescriptor, AlgebricksPartitionConstraint>(invIndexSearchOp,
                     secondarySplitsAndConstraint.second);
         } catch (MetadataException e) {
diff --git a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/algebra/operators/physical/RTreeSearchPOperator.java b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/algebra/operators/physical/RTreeSearchPOperator.java
index 705ef1d..33ad11b 100644
--- a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/algebra/operators/physical/RTreeSearchPOperator.java
+++ b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/algebra/operators/physical/RTreeSearchPOperator.java
@@ -82,8 +82,8 @@
             VariableUtilities.getLiveVariables(unnestMap, outputVars);
         }
         Pair<IOperatorDescriptor, AlgebricksPartitionConstraint> rtreeSearch = mp.buildRtreeRuntime(
-                builder.getJobSpec(), outputVars, opSchema, typeEnv, context, jobGenParams.getRetainInput(), dataset,
-                jobGenParams.getIndexName(), keyIndexes);
+                builder.getJobSpec(), outputVars, opSchema, typeEnv, context, jobGenParams.getRetainInput(),
+                jobGenParams.getRetainNull(), dataset, jobGenParams.getIndexName(), keyIndexes);
         builder.contributeHyracksOperator(unnestMap, rtreeSearch.first);
         builder.contributeAlgebricksPartitionConstraint(rtreeSearch.first, rtreeSearch.second);
         ILogicalOperator srcExchange = unnestMap.getInputs().get(0).getValue();
diff --git a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/AsterixInlineVariablesRule.java b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/AsterixInlineVariablesRule.java
index 05051de..8a4e9e2 100644
--- a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/AsterixInlineVariablesRule.java
+++ b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/AsterixInlineVariablesRule.java
@@ -20,12 +20,18 @@
 public class AsterixInlineVariablesRule extends InlineVariablesRule {
 
     public AsterixInlineVariablesRule() {
-        // Do not inline field accesses because doing so would interfere with our access method rewrites.
+        // Do not inline field accesses and spatial functions because doing so would interfere with our access method rewrites.
         // TODO: For now we must also exclude record constructor functions to avoid breaking our type casting rules
         // IntroduceStaticTypeCastRule and IntroduceDynamicTypeCastRule. 
         doNotInlineFuncs.add(AsterixBuiltinFunctions.FIELD_ACCESS_BY_NAME);
         doNotInlineFuncs.add(AsterixBuiltinFunctions.FIELD_ACCESS_BY_INDEX);
         doNotInlineFuncs.add(AsterixBuiltinFunctions.CLOSED_RECORD_CONSTRUCTOR);
         doNotInlineFuncs.add(AsterixBuiltinFunctions.OPEN_RECORD_CONSTRUCTOR);
+        doNotInlineFuncs.add(AsterixBuiltinFunctions.CREATE_CIRCLE);
+        doNotInlineFuncs.add(AsterixBuiltinFunctions.CREATE_LINE);
+        doNotInlineFuncs.add(AsterixBuiltinFunctions.CREATE_MBR);
+        doNotInlineFuncs.add(AsterixBuiltinFunctions.CREATE_POINT);
+        doNotInlineFuncs.add(AsterixBuiltinFunctions.CREATE_POLYGON);
+        doNotInlineFuncs.add(AsterixBuiltinFunctions.CREATE_RECTANGLE);
     }
 }
diff --git a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/FuzzyEqRule.java b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/FuzzyEqRule.java
index e0cecf8..02b15b2 100644
--- a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/FuzzyEqRule.java
+++ b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/FuzzyEqRule.java
@@ -25,23 +25,17 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.asterix.om.base.IAObject;
 import edu.uci.ics.asterix.om.constants.AsterixConstantValue;
 import edu.uci.ics.asterix.om.functions.AsterixBuiltinFunctions;
-import edu.uci.ics.asterix.om.types.ATypeTag;
-import edu.uci.ics.asterix.om.types.IAType;
-import edu.uci.ics.asterix.om.types.TypeHelper;
 import edu.uci.ics.asterix.optimizer.base.FuzzyUtils;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.common.exceptions.AlgebricksException;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.common.exceptions.NotImplementedException;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.base.ILogicalExpression;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.base.ILogicalOperator;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.base.IOptimizationContext;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.base.LogicalExpressionTag;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.base.LogicalOperatorTag;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.base.LogicalVariable;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.expressions.AbstractFunctionCallExpression;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.expressions.ConstantExpression;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.expressions.IVariableTypeEnvironment;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.expressions.ScalarFunctionCallExpression;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.expressions.VariableReferenceExpression;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.functions.AlgebricksBuiltinFunctions;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.functions.FunctionIdentifier;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.operators.logical.AbstractBinaryJoinOperator;
@@ -93,67 +87,11 @@
         if (fi.equals(AsterixBuiltinFunctions.FUZZY_EQ)) {
             List<Mutable<ILogicalExpression>> inputExps = funcExp.getArguments();
 
-            // TODO: Current hack to be able to optimize selections. 
-            // We change the behavior of this rule for the specific cases of const-var, or for edit-distance functions.
-            boolean useExprAsIs = false;
-
             String simFuncName = FuzzyUtils.getSimFunction(metadataProvider);
             ArrayList<Mutable<ILogicalExpression>> similarityArgs = new ArrayList<Mutable<ILogicalExpression>>();
-            List<ATypeTag> inputExprTypes = new ArrayList<ATypeTag>();
-            for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < inputExps.size(); ++i) {
                 Mutable<ILogicalExpression> inputExpRef = inputExps.get(i);
-                ILogicalExpression inputExp = inputExpRef.getValue();
-
-                // get the input type tag
-                ATypeTag inputTypeTag = null;
-                if (inputExp.getExpressionTag() == LogicalExpressionTag.VARIABLE) {
-                    VariableReferenceExpression inputVarRef = (VariableReferenceExpression) inputExp;
-                    LogicalVariable inputVar = inputVarRef.getVariableReference();
-                    IAType t = TypeHelper.getNonOptionalType((IAType) env.getVarType(inputVar));
-                    inputExprTypes.add(t.getTypeTag());
-                } else if (inputExp.getExpressionTag() == LogicalExpressionTag.FUNCTION_CALL) {
-                    // Hack to make sure that we will add the func call as is, without wrapping a tokenizer around.
-                    IAType type = (IAType) context.getExpressionTypeComputer().getType(inputExp, metadataProvider, env);
-                    inputTypeTag = type.getTypeTag();
-                    // Only auto-tokenize strings.
-                    if (inputTypeTag == ATypeTag.STRING) {
-                        // Strings will be auto-tokenized.
-                        inputTypeTag = ATypeTag.UNORDEREDLIST;
-                    } else {
-                        useExprAsIs = true;
-                    }
-                    inputExprTypes.add(inputTypeTag);
-                } else if (inputExp.getExpressionTag() == LogicalExpressionTag.CONSTANT) {
-                    ConstantExpression inputConst = (ConstantExpression) inputExp;
-                    AsterixConstantValue constVal = (AsterixConstantValue) inputConst.getValue();
-                    inputTypeTag = constVal.getObject().getType().getTypeTag();
-                    inputExprTypes.add(inputTypeTag);
-                    useExprAsIs = true;
-                } else {
-                    throw new NotImplementedException();
-                }
-
-                if (simFuncName.equals(FuzzyUtils.EDIT_DISTANCE_FUNCTION_NAME)) {
-                    useExprAsIs = true;
-                }
-            }
-            // TODO: This second loop is only necessary to implement the hack.
-            for (int i = 0; i < inputExprTypes.size(); ++i) {
-                Mutable<ILogicalExpression> inputExpRef = inputExps.get(i);
-                // TODO: Change Jaccard only to accept sets. We should never have to wrap a tokenizer around.
-                // get the tokenizer (if any)
-                FunctionIdentifier tokenizer = FuzzyUtils.getTokenizer(inputExprTypes.get(i));
-                if (useExprAsIs) {
-                    similarityArgs.add(inputExpRef);
-                } else if (tokenizer == null) {
-                    similarityArgs.add(inputExpRef);
-                } else {
-                    ArrayList<Mutable<ILogicalExpression>> tokenizerArguments = new ArrayList<Mutable<ILogicalExpression>>();
-                    tokenizerArguments.add(inputExpRef);
-                    ScalarFunctionCallExpression tokenizerExp = new ScalarFunctionCallExpression(
-                            FunctionUtils.getFunctionInfo(tokenizer), tokenizerArguments);
-                    similarityArgs.add(new MutableObject<ILogicalExpression>(tokenizerExp));
-                }
+                similarityArgs.add(inputExpRef);
             }
 
             FunctionIdentifier simFunctionIdentifier = FuzzyUtils.getFunctionIdentifier(simFuncName);
diff --git a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/FuzzyJoinRule.java b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/FuzzyJoinRule.java
index 8f0837f..e3f21f0 100644
--- a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/FuzzyJoinRule.java
+++ b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/FuzzyJoinRule.java
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@
             getItemExprRef.setValue(ConstantExpression.TRUE);
             switch (joinOp.getJoinKind()) {
                 case INNER: {
-                    extraSelect = new SelectOperator(expRef);
+                    extraSelect = new SelectOperator(expRef, false, null);
                     extraSelect.getInputs().add(new MutableObject<ILogicalOperator>(outputOp));
                     outputOp = extraSelect;
                     break;
diff --git a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/AbstractIntroduceAccessMethodRule.java b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/AbstractIntroduceAccessMethodRule.java
index 4c01708..600295c 100644
--- a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/AbstractIntroduceAccessMethodRule.java
+++ b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/AbstractIntroduceAccessMethodRule.java
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.asterix.om.base.AString;
 import edu.uci.ics.asterix.om.constants.AsterixConstantValue;
 import edu.uci.ics.asterix.om.functions.AsterixBuiltinFunctions;
+import edu.uci.ics.asterix.om.types.IAType;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.common.exceptions.AlgebricksException;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.common.utils.Pair;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.base.ILogicalExpression;
@@ -80,14 +81,15 @@
     }
 
     protected void fillSubTreeIndexExprs(OptimizableOperatorSubTree subTree,
-            Map<IAccessMethod, AccessMethodAnalysisContext> analyzedAMs) throws AlgebricksException {
+            Map<IAccessMethod, AccessMethodAnalysisContext> analyzedAMs, IOptimizationContext context)
+            throws AlgebricksException {
         Iterator<Map.Entry<IAccessMethod, AccessMethodAnalysisContext>> amIt = analyzedAMs.entrySet().iterator();
         // Check applicability of indexes by access method type.
         while (amIt.hasNext()) {
             Map.Entry<IAccessMethod, AccessMethodAnalysisContext> entry = amIt.next();
             AccessMethodAnalysisContext amCtx = entry.getValue();
             // For the current access method type, map variables to applicable indexes.
-            fillAllIndexExprs(subTree, amCtx);
+            fillAllIndexExprs(subTree, amCtx, context);
         }
     }
 
@@ -205,8 +207,8 @@
      * on the function identifier, and an analysis of the function's arguments.
      * Updates the analyzedAMs accordingly.
      */
-    protected boolean analyzeFunctionExpr(AbstractFunctionCallExpression funcExpr, List<AbstractLogicalOperator> assignsAndUnnests,
-            Map<IAccessMethod, AccessMethodAnalysisContext> analyzedAMs) {
+    protected boolean analyzeFunctionExpr(AbstractFunctionCallExpression funcExpr,
+            List<AbstractLogicalOperator> assignsAndUnnests, Map<IAccessMethod, AccessMethodAnalysisContext> analyzedAMs) {
         FunctionIdentifier funcIdent = funcExpr.getFunctionIdentifier();
         if (funcIdent == AlgebricksBuiltinFunctions.AND) {
             return false;
@@ -252,7 +254,7 @@
         List<Index> datasetIndexes = metadataProvider.getDatasetIndexes(dataset.getDataverseName(),
                 dataset.getDatasetName());
         List<Index> indexCandidates = new ArrayList<Index>();
-        // Add an index to the candidates if one of the indexed fields is fieldName.
+        // Add an index to the candidates if one of the indexed fields is fieldName
         for (Index index : datasetIndexes) {
             if (index.getKeyFieldNames().contains(fieldName)) {
                 indexCandidates.add(index);
@@ -269,8 +271,8 @@
         return true;
     }
 
-    protected void fillAllIndexExprs(OptimizableOperatorSubTree subTree, AccessMethodAnalysisContext analysisCtx)
-            throws AlgebricksException {
+    protected void fillAllIndexExprs(OptimizableOperatorSubTree subTree, AccessMethodAnalysisContext analysisCtx,
+            IOptimizationContext context) throws AlgebricksException {
         for (int optFuncExprIndex = 0; optFuncExprIndex < analysisCtx.matchedFuncExprs.size(); optFuncExprIndex++) {
             IOptimizableFuncExpr optFuncExpr = analysisCtx.matchedFuncExprs.get(optFuncExprIndex);
             // Try to match variables from optFuncExpr to assigns or unnests.
@@ -295,12 +297,12 @@
                         }
                         // Set the fieldName in the corresponding matched function expression.
                         optFuncExpr.setFieldName(funcVarIndex, fieldName);
+                        setTypeTag(context, subTree, optFuncExpr, funcVarIndex);
                         if (subTree.hasDataSourceScan()) {
                             fillIndexExprs(fieldName, optFuncExprIndex, subTree.dataset, analysisCtx);
                         }
                     }
-                }
-                else {
+                } else {
                     UnnestOperator unnestOp = (UnnestOperator) op;
                     LogicalVariable var = unnestOp.getVariable();
                     int funcVarIndex = optFuncExpr.findLogicalVar(var);
@@ -317,6 +319,7 @@
                     }
                     // Set the fieldName in the corresponding matched function expression.
                     optFuncExpr.setFieldName(funcVarIndex, fieldName);
+                    setTypeTag(context, subTree, optFuncExpr, funcVarIndex);
                     if (subTree.hasDataSourceScan()) {
                         fillIndexExprs(fieldName, optFuncExprIndex, subTree.dataset, analysisCtx);
                     }
@@ -337,17 +340,28 @@
                 // Set the fieldName in the corresponding matched function expression, and remember matching subtree.
                 optFuncExpr.setFieldName(funcVarIndex, fieldName);
                 optFuncExpr.setOptimizableSubTree(funcVarIndex, subTree);
+                setTypeTag(context, subTree, optFuncExpr, funcVarIndex);
                 if (subTree.hasDataSourceScan()) {
                     fillIndexExprs(fieldName, optFuncExprIndex, subTree.dataset, analysisCtx);
                 }
             }
         }
     }
+
+    private void setTypeTag(IOptimizationContext context, OptimizableOperatorSubTree subTree,
+            IOptimizableFuncExpr optFuncExpr, int funcVarIndex) throws AlgebricksException {
+        // Set the typeTag if the type is not null
+        IAType type = (IAType) context.getOutputTypeEnvironment(subTree.root).getVarType(
+                optFuncExpr.getLogicalVar(funcVarIndex));
+        optFuncExpr.setTypeTag(funcVarIndex, type.getTypeTag());
+    }
+
     /**
      * Returns the field name corresponding to the assigned variable at varIndex.
      * Returns null if the expr at varIndex does not yield to a field access function after following a set of allowed functions.
      */
-    protected String getFieldNameFromSubTree(IOptimizableFuncExpr optFuncExpr, OptimizableOperatorSubTree subTree, int opIndex, int assignVarIndex) {
+    protected String getFieldNameFromSubTree(IOptimizableFuncExpr optFuncExpr, OptimizableOperatorSubTree subTree,
+            int opIndex, int assignVarIndex) {
         // Get expression corresponding to opVar at varIndex.
         AbstractLogicalExpression expr = null;
         AbstractLogicalOperator op = subTree.assignsAndUnnests.get(opIndex);
@@ -387,8 +401,7 @@
             int fieldIndex = ((AInt32) ((AsterixConstantValue) constExpr.getValue()).getObject()).getIntegerValue();
             return subTree.recordType.getFieldNames()[fieldIndex];
         }
-        if (funcIdent != AsterixBuiltinFunctions.WORD_TOKENS
-                && funcIdent != AsterixBuiltinFunctions.GRAM_TOKENS
+        if (funcIdent != AsterixBuiltinFunctions.WORD_TOKENS && funcIdent != AsterixBuiltinFunctions.GRAM_TOKENS
                 && funcIdent != AsterixBuiltinFunctions.SUBSTRING
                 && funcIdent != AsterixBuiltinFunctions.SUBSTRING_BEFORE
                 && funcIdent != AsterixBuiltinFunctions.SUBSTRING_AFTER) {
@@ -416,8 +429,7 @@
                         return getFieldNameFromSubTree(optFuncExpr, subTree, assignOrUnnestIndex, varIndex);
                     }
                 }
-            }
-            else {
+            } else {
                 UnnestOperator unnestOp = (UnnestOperator) curOp;
                 LogicalVariable var = unnestOp.getVariable();
                 if (var.equals(curVar)) {
diff --git a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/AccessMethodAnalysisContext.java b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/AccessMethodAnalysisContext.java
index ae0d48c..9d121a7a 100644
--- a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/AccessMethodAnalysisContext.java
+++ b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/AccessMethodAnalysisContext.java
@@ -18,8 +18,12 @@
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.mutable.Mutable;
+
 import edu.uci.ics.asterix.metadata.entities.Dataset;
 import edu.uci.ics.asterix.metadata.entities.Index;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.base.ILogicalOperator;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.expressions.ScalarFunctionCallExpression;
 
 /**
  * Context for analyzing the applicability of a single access method.
@@ -36,6 +40,10 @@
     // Maps from index to the dataset it is indexing.
     public HashMap<Index, Dataset> indexDatasetMap = new HashMap<Index, Dataset>();
 
+    // variables for resetting null placeholder for left-outer-join
+    private Mutable<ILogicalOperator> lojGroupbyOpRef = null;
+    private ScalarFunctionCallExpression lojIsNullFuncInGroupBy = null;
+
     public void addIndexExpr(Dataset dataset, Index index, Integer exprIndex) {
         List<Integer> exprs = indexExprs.get(index);
         if (exprs == null) {
@@ -49,4 +57,21 @@
     public List<Integer> getIndexExprs(Index index) {
         return indexExprs.get(index);
     }
+
+    public void setLOJGroupbyOpRef(Mutable<ILogicalOperator> opRef) {
+        lojGroupbyOpRef = opRef;
+    }
+
+    public Mutable<ILogicalOperator> getLOJGroupbyOpRef() {
+        return lojGroupbyOpRef;
+    }
+
+    public void setLOJIsNullFuncInGroupBy(ScalarFunctionCallExpression isNullFunc) {
+        lojIsNullFuncInGroupBy = isNullFunc;
+    }
+
+    public ScalarFunctionCallExpression getLOJIsNullFuncInGroupBy() {
+        return lojIsNullFuncInGroupBy;
+    }
+
 }
diff --git a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/AccessMethodJobGenParams.java b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/AccessMethodJobGenParams.java
index 4e24c26..9abaefa 100644
--- a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/AccessMethodJobGenParams.java
+++ b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/AccessMethodJobGenParams.java
@@ -37,21 +37,23 @@
     protected String dataverseName;
     protected String datasetName;
     protected boolean retainInput;
+    protected boolean retainNull;
     protected boolean requiresBroadcast;
     protected boolean isPrimaryIndex;
 
-    private final int NUM_PARAMS = 6;
+    private final int NUM_PARAMS = 7;
 
     public AccessMethodJobGenParams() {
     }
 
     public AccessMethodJobGenParams(String indexName, IndexType indexType, String dataverseName, String datasetName,
-            boolean retainInput, boolean requiresBroadcast) {
+            boolean retainInput, boolean retainNull, boolean requiresBroadcast) {
         this.indexName = indexName;
         this.indexType = indexType;
         this.dataverseName = dataverseName;
         this.datasetName = datasetName;
         this.retainInput = retainInput;
+        this.retainNull = retainNull;
         this.requiresBroadcast = requiresBroadcast;
         this.isPrimaryIndex = datasetName.equals(indexName);
     }
@@ -62,6 +64,7 @@
         funcArgs.add(new MutableObject<ILogicalExpression>(AccessMethodUtils.createStringConstant(dataverseName)));
         funcArgs.add(new MutableObject<ILogicalExpression>(AccessMethodUtils.createStringConstant(datasetName)));
         funcArgs.add(new MutableObject<ILogicalExpression>(AccessMethodUtils.createBooleanConstant(retainInput)));
+        funcArgs.add(new MutableObject<ILogicalExpression>(AccessMethodUtils.createBooleanConstant(retainNull)));
         funcArgs.add(new MutableObject<ILogicalExpression>(AccessMethodUtils.createBooleanConstant(requiresBroadcast)));
     }
 
@@ -71,7 +74,8 @@
         dataverseName = AccessMethodUtils.getStringConstant(funcArgs.get(2));
         datasetName = AccessMethodUtils.getStringConstant(funcArgs.get(3));
         retainInput = AccessMethodUtils.getBooleanConstant(funcArgs.get(4));
-        requiresBroadcast = AccessMethodUtils.getBooleanConstant(funcArgs.get(5));
+        retainNull = AccessMethodUtils.getBooleanConstant(funcArgs.get(5));
+        requiresBroadcast = AccessMethodUtils.getBooleanConstant(funcArgs.get(6));
         isPrimaryIndex = datasetName.equals(indexName);
     }
 
@@ -94,6 +98,10 @@
     public boolean getRetainInput() {
         return retainInput;
     }
+    
+    public boolean getRetainNull() {
+        return retainNull;
+    }
 
     public boolean getRequiresBroadcast() {
         return requiresBroadcast;
diff --git a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/AccessMethodUtils.java b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/AccessMethodUtils.java
index f5e6378..1691f0c 100644
--- a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/AccessMethodUtils.java
+++ b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/AccessMethodUtils.java
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.base.ILogicalOperator;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.base.IOptimizationContext;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.base.LogicalExpressionTag;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.base.LogicalOperatorTag;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.base.LogicalVariable;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.expressions.AbstractFunctionCallExpression;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.expressions.ConstantExpression;
@@ -49,17 +50,24 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.expressions.ScalarFunctionCallExpression;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.expressions.UnnestingFunctionCallExpression;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.expressions.VariableReferenceExpression;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.functions.AlgebricksBuiltinFunctions;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.functions.IFunctionInfo;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.operators.logical.AbstractLogicalOperator;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.operators.logical.AbstractLogicalOperator.ExecutionMode;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.operators.logical.DataSourceScanOperator;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.operators.logical.GroupByOperator;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.operators.logical.OrderOperator;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.operators.logical.OrderOperator.IOrder;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.operators.logical.SelectOperator;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.operators.logical.UnnestMapOperator;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.plan.ALogicalPlanImpl;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.util.OperatorPropertiesUtil;
 
 /**
  * Static helper functions for rewriting plans using indexes.
  */
 public class AccessMethodUtils {
+
     public static void appendPrimaryIndexTypes(Dataset dataset, IAType itemType, List<Object> target)
             throws IOException {
         ARecordType recordType = (ARecordType) itemType;
@@ -226,7 +234,8 @@
         }
     }
 
-    public static List<LogicalVariable> getPrimaryKeyVarsFromSecondaryUnnestMap(Dataset dataset, ILogicalOperator unnestMapOp) {
+    public static List<LogicalVariable> getPrimaryKeyVarsFromSecondaryUnnestMap(Dataset dataset,
+            ILogicalOperator unnestMapOp) {
         int numPrimaryKeys = DatasetUtils.getPartitioningKeys(dataset).size();
         List<LogicalVariable> primaryKeyVars = new ArrayList<LogicalVariable>();
         List<LogicalVariable> sourceVars = ((UnnestMapOperator) unnestMapOp).getVariables();
@@ -239,7 +248,8 @@
         return primaryKeyVars;
     }
 
-    public static List<LogicalVariable> getPrimaryKeyVarsFromPrimaryUnnestMap(Dataset dataset, ILogicalOperator unnestMapOp) {
+    public static List<LogicalVariable> getPrimaryKeyVarsFromPrimaryUnnestMap(Dataset dataset,
+            ILogicalOperator unnestMapOp) {
         int numPrimaryKeys = DatasetUtils.getPartitioningKeys(dataset).size();
         List<LogicalVariable> primaryKeyVars = new ArrayList<LogicalVariable>();
         List<LogicalVariable> sourceVars = ((UnnestMapOperator) unnestMapOp).getVariables();
@@ -309,8 +319,9 @@
 
     public static UnnestMapOperator createPrimaryIndexUnnestMap(DataSourceScanOperator dataSourceScan, Dataset dataset,
             ARecordType recordType, ILogicalOperator inputOp, IOptimizationContext context, boolean sortPrimaryKeys,
-            boolean retainInput, boolean requiresBroadcast) throws AlgebricksException {
-        List<LogicalVariable> primaryKeyVars = AccessMethodUtils.getPrimaryKeyVarsFromSecondaryUnnestMap(dataset, inputOp);
+            boolean retainInput, boolean retainNull, boolean requiresBroadcast) throws AlgebricksException {
+        List<LogicalVariable> primaryKeyVars = AccessMethodUtils.getPrimaryKeyVarsFromSecondaryUnnestMap(dataset,
+                inputOp);
         // Optionally add a sort on the primary-index keys before searching the primary index.
         OrderOperator order = null;
         if (sortPrimaryKeys) {
@@ -329,12 +340,13 @@
         // The job gen parameters are transferred to the actual job gen via the UnnestMapOperator's function arguments. 
         List<Mutable<ILogicalExpression>> primaryIndexFuncArgs = new ArrayList<Mutable<ILogicalExpression>>();
         BTreeJobGenParams jobGenParams = new BTreeJobGenParams(dataset.getDatasetName(), IndexType.BTREE,
-                dataset.getDataverseName(), dataset.getDatasetName(), retainInput, requiresBroadcast);
+                dataset.getDataverseName(), dataset.getDatasetName(), retainInput, retainNull, requiresBroadcast);
         // Set low/high inclusive to true for a point lookup.
         jobGenParams.setLowKeyInclusive(true);
         jobGenParams.setHighKeyInclusive(true);
         jobGenParams.setLowKeyVarList(primaryKeyVars, 0, primaryKeyVars.size());
         jobGenParams.setHighKeyVarList(primaryKeyVars, 0, primaryKeyVars.size());
+        jobGenParams.setIsEqCondition(true);
         jobGenParams.writeToFuncArgs(primaryIndexFuncArgs);
         // Variables and types coming out of the primary-index search.
         List<LogicalVariable> primaryIndexUnnestVars = new ArrayList<LogicalVariable>();
@@ -365,4 +377,58 @@
         return primaryIndexUnnestOp;
     }
 
+    public static ScalarFunctionCallExpression findLOJIsNullFuncInGroupBy(GroupByOperator lojGroupbyOp)
+            throws AlgebricksException {
+        //find IS_NULL function of which argument has the nullPlaceholder variable in the nested plan of groupby. 
+        ALogicalPlanImpl subPlan = (ALogicalPlanImpl) lojGroupbyOp.getNestedPlans().get(0);
+        Mutable<ILogicalOperator> subPlanRootOpRef = subPlan.getRoots().get(0);
+        AbstractLogicalOperator subPlanRootOp = (AbstractLogicalOperator) subPlanRootOpRef.getValue();
+        boolean foundSelectNonNull = false;
+        ScalarFunctionCallExpression isNullFuncExpr = null;
+        AbstractLogicalOperator inputOp = subPlanRootOp;
+        while (inputOp != null) {
+            if (inputOp.getOperatorTag() == LogicalOperatorTag.SELECT) {
+                SelectOperator selectOp = (SelectOperator) inputOp;
+                if (selectOp.getCondition().getValue().getExpressionTag() == LogicalExpressionTag.FUNCTION_CALL) {
+                    if (((AbstractFunctionCallExpression) selectOp.getCondition().getValue()).getFunctionIdentifier()
+                            .equals(AlgebricksBuiltinFunctions.NOT)) {
+                        ScalarFunctionCallExpression notFuncExpr = (ScalarFunctionCallExpression) selectOp
+                                .getCondition().getValue();
+                        if (notFuncExpr.getArguments().get(0).getValue().getExpressionTag() == LogicalExpressionTag.FUNCTION_CALL) {
+                            if (((AbstractFunctionCallExpression) notFuncExpr.getArguments().get(0).getValue())
+                                    .getFunctionIdentifier().equals(AlgebricksBuiltinFunctions.IS_NULL)) {
+                                isNullFuncExpr = (ScalarFunctionCallExpression) notFuncExpr.getArguments().get(0)
+                                        .getValue();
+                                if (isNullFuncExpr.getArguments().get(0).getValue().getExpressionTag() == LogicalExpressionTag.VARIABLE) {
+                                    foundSelectNonNull = true;
+                                    break;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            inputOp = inputOp.getInputs().size() > 0 ? (AbstractLogicalOperator) inputOp.getInputs().get(0).getValue()
+                    : null;
+        }
+
+        if (!foundSelectNonNull) {
+            throw new AlgebricksException(
+                    "Could not find the non-null select operator in GroupByOperator for LEFTOUTERJOIN plan optimization.");
+        }
+        return isNullFuncExpr;
+    }
+
+    public static void resetLOJNullPlaceholderVariableInGroupByOp(AccessMethodAnalysisContext analysisCtx,
+            LogicalVariable newNullPlaceholderVaraible, IOptimizationContext context) throws AlgebricksException {
+
+        //reset the null placeholder variable in groupby operator
+        ScalarFunctionCallExpression isNullFuncExpr = analysisCtx.getLOJIsNullFuncInGroupBy();
+        isNullFuncExpr.getArguments().clear();
+        isNullFuncExpr.getArguments().add(
+                new MutableObject<ILogicalExpression>(new VariableReferenceExpression(newNullPlaceholderVaraible)));
+
+        //recompute type environment.
+        OperatorPropertiesUtil.typeOpRec(analysisCtx.getLOJGroupbyOpRef(), context);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/BTreeAccessMethod.java b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/BTreeAccessMethod.java
index 5132f55..9fadef7 100644
--- a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/BTreeAccessMethod.java
+++ b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/BTreeAccessMethod.java
@@ -87,8 +87,8 @@
     }
 
     @Override
-    public boolean analyzeFuncExprArgs(AbstractFunctionCallExpression funcExpr, List<AbstractLogicalOperator> assignsAndUnnests,
-            AccessMethodAnalysisContext analysisCtx) {
+    public boolean analyzeFuncExprArgs(AbstractFunctionCallExpression funcExpr,
+            List<AbstractLogicalOperator> assignsAndUnnests, AccessMethodAnalysisContext analysisCtx) {
         boolean matches = AccessMethodUtils.analyzeFuncExprArgsForOneConstAndVar(funcExpr, analysisCtx);
         if (!matches) {
             matches = AccessMethodUtils.analyzeFuncExprArgsForTwoVars(funcExpr, analysisCtx);
@@ -114,11 +114,12 @@
         SelectOperator select = (SelectOperator) selectRef.getValue();
         Mutable<ILogicalExpression> conditionRef = select.getCondition();
         ILogicalOperator primaryIndexUnnestOp = createSecondaryToPrimaryPlan(selectRef, conditionRef, subTree, null,
-                chosenIndex, analysisCtx, false, false, context);
+                chosenIndex, analysisCtx, false, false, false, context);
         if (primaryIndexUnnestOp == null) {
             return false;
         }
-        Mutable<ILogicalOperator> opRef = (subTree.assignsAndUnnestsRefs.isEmpty()) ? null : subTree.assignsAndUnnestsRefs.get(0);
+        Mutable<ILogicalOperator> opRef = (subTree.assignsAndUnnestsRefs.isEmpty()) ? null
+                : subTree.assignsAndUnnestsRefs.get(0);
         ILogicalOperator op = null;
         if (opRef != null) {
             op = opRef.getValue();
@@ -147,7 +148,8 @@
     @Override
     public boolean applyJoinPlanTransformation(Mutable<ILogicalOperator> joinRef,
             OptimizableOperatorSubTree leftSubTree, OptimizableOperatorSubTree rightSubTree, Index chosenIndex,
-            AccessMethodAnalysisContext analysisCtx, IOptimizationContext context) throws AlgebricksException {
+            AccessMethodAnalysisContext analysisCtx, IOptimizationContext context, boolean isLeftOuterJoin)
+            throws AlgebricksException {
         AbstractBinaryJoinOperator joinOp = (AbstractBinaryJoinOperator) joinRef.getValue();
         Mutable<ILogicalExpression> conditionRef = joinOp.getCondition();
         // Determine if the index is applicable on the left or right side (if both, we arbitrarily prefer the left side).
@@ -155,7 +157,8 @@
         // Determine probe and index subtrees based on chosen index.
         OptimizableOperatorSubTree indexSubTree = null;
         OptimizableOperatorSubTree probeSubTree = null;
-        if (leftSubTree.hasDataSourceScan() && dataset.getDatasetName().equals(leftSubTree.dataset.getDatasetName())) {
+        if (!isLeftOuterJoin && leftSubTree.hasDataSourceScan()
+                && dataset.getDatasetName().equals(leftSubTree.dataset.getDatasetName())) {
             indexSubTree = leftSubTree;
             probeSubTree = rightSubTree;
         } else if (rightSubTree.hasDataSourceScan()
@@ -163,15 +166,33 @@
             indexSubTree = rightSubTree;
             probeSubTree = leftSubTree;
         }
+        if (indexSubTree == null) {
+            //This may happen for left outer join case
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        LogicalVariable newNullPlaceHolderVar = null;
+        if (isLeftOuterJoin) {
+            //get a new null place holder variable that is the first field variable of the primary key 
+            //from the indexSubTree's datasourceScanOp
+            newNullPlaceHolderVar = indexSubTree.getDataSourceVariables().get(0);
+        }
+
         ILogicalOperator primaryIndexUnnestOp = createSecondaryToPrimaryPlan(joinRef, conditionRef, indexSubTree,
-                probeSubTree, chosenIndex, analysisCtx, true, true, context);
+                probeSubTree, chosenIndex, analysisCtx, true, isLeftOuterJoin, true, context);
         if (primaryIndexUnnestOp == null) {
             return false;
         }
+
+        if (isLeftOuterJoin) {
+            //reset the null place holder variable
+            AccessMethodUtils.resetLOJNullPlaceholderVariableInGroupByOp(analysisCtx, newNullPlaceHolderVar, context);
+        }
+
         // If there are conditions left, add a new select operator on top.
         indexSubTree.dataSourceRef.setValue(primaryIndexUnnestOp);
         if (conditionRef.getValue() != null) {
-            SelectOperator topSelect = new SelectOperator(conditionRef);
+            SelectOperator topSelect = new SelectOperator(conditionRef, isLeftOuterJoin, newNullPlaceHolderVar);
             topSelect.getInputs().add(indexSubTree.rootRef);
             topSelect.setExecutionMode(ExecutionMode.LOCAL);
             context.computeAndSetTypeEnvironmentForOperator(topSelect);
@@ -186,7 +207,8 @@
     private ILogicalOperator createSecondaryToPrimaryPlan(Mutable<ILogicalOperator> topOpRef,
             Mutable<ILogicalExpression> conditionRef, OptimizableOperatorSubTree indexSubTree,
             OptimizableOperatorSubTree probeSubTree, Index chosenIndex, AccessMethodAnalysisContext analysisCtx,
-            boolean retainInput, boolean requiresBroadcast, IOptimizationContext context) throws AlgebricksException {
+            boolean retainInput, boolean retainNull, boolean requiresBroadcast, IOptimizationContext context)
+            throws AlgebricksException {
         Dataset dataset = indexSubTree.dataset;
         ARecordType recordType = indexSubTree.recordType;
         // we made sure indexSubTree has datasource scan
@@ -392,7 +414,7 @@
                 keyVarList, context);
 
         BTreeJobGenParams jobGenParams = new BTreeJobGenParams(chosenIndex.getIndexName(), IndexType.BTREE,
-                dataset.getDataverseName(), dataset.getDatasetName(), retainInput, requiresBroadcast);
+                dataset.getDataverseName(), dataset.getDatasetName(), retainInput, retainNull, requiresBroadcast);
         jobGenParams.setLowKeyInclusive(lowKeyInclusive[0]);
         jobGenParams.setHighKeyInclusive(highKeyInclusive[0]);
         jobGenParams.setIsEqCondition(isEqCondition);
@@ -416,11 +438,11 @@
                 chosenIndex, inputOp, jobGenParams, context, false, retainInput);
 
         // Generate the rest of the upstream plan which feeds the search results into the primary index.        
-        UnnestMapOperator primaryIndexUnnestOp;
-        boolean isPrimaryIndex = chosenIndex.getIndexName().equals(dataset.getDatasetName());
+        UnnestMapOperator primaryIndexUnnestOp = null;
+        boolean isPrimaryIndex = chosenIndex.isPrimaryIndex();
         if (!isPrimaryIndex) {
             primaryIndexUnnestOp = AccessMethodUtils.createPrimaryIndexUnnestMap(dataSourceScan, dataset, recordType,
-                    secondaryIndexUnnestOp, context, true, retainInput, false);
+                    secondaryIndexUnnestOp, context, true, retainInput, retainNull, false);
 
             // Replace the datasource scan with the new plan rooted at
             // primaryIndexUnnestMap.
@@ -448,6 +470,7 @@
                 }
             }
         }
+
         return primaryIndexUnnestOp;
     }
 
diff --git a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/BTreeJobGenParams.java b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/BTreeJobGenParams.java
index ab15c9e..f7829fa 100644
--- a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/BTreeJobGenParams.java
+++ b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/BTreeJobGenParams.java
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@
     }
 
     public BTreeJobGenParams(String indexName, IndexType indexType, String dataverseName, String datasetName,
-            boolean retainInput, boolean requiresBroadcast) {
-        super(indexName, indexType, dataverseName, datasetName, retainInput, requiresBroadcast);
+            boolean retainInput, boolean retainNull, boolean requiresBroadcast) {
+        super(indexName, indexType, dataverseName, datasetName, retainInput, retainNull, requiresBroadcast);
     }
 
     public void setLowKeyVarList(List<LogicalVariable> keyVarList, int startIndex, int numKeys) {
diff --git a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/IAccessMethod.java b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/IAccessMethod.java
index 0be4204..1419f33 100644
--- a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/IAccessMethod.java
+++ b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/IAccessMethod.java
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.expressions.AbstractFunctionCallExpression;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.functions.FunctionIdentifier;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.operators.logical.AbstractLogicalOperator;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.operators.logical.AssignOperator;
 
 /**
  * Interface that an access method should implement to work with the rewrite
@@ -52,8 +51,8 @@
      * @return true if funcExpr is optimizable by this access method, false
      *         otherwise
      */
-    public boolean analyzeFuncExprArgs(AbstractFunctionCallExpression funcExpr, List<AbstractLogicalOperator> assignsAndUnnests,
-            AccessMethodAnalysisContext analysisCtx);
+    public boolean analyzeFuncExprArgs(AbstractFunctionCallExpression funcExpr,
+            List<AbstractLogicalOperator> assignsAndUnnests, AccessMethodAnalysisContext analysisCtx);
 
     /**
      * Indicates whether all index expressions must be matched in order for this
@@ -83,7 +82,8 @@
      */
     public boolean applyJoinPlanTransformation(Mutable<ILogicalOperator> joinRef,
             OptimizableOperatorSubTree leftSubTree, OptimizableOperatorSubTree rightSubTree, Index chosenIndex,
-            AccessMethodAnalysisContext analysisCtx, IOptimizationContext context) throws AlgebricksException;
+            AccessMethodAnalysisContext analysisCtx, IOptimizationContext context, boolean isLeftOuterJoin)
+            throws AlgebricksException;
 
     /**
      * Analyzes expr to see whether it is optimizable by the given concrete index.
diff --git a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/IOptimizableFuncExpr.java b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/IOptimizableFuncExpr.java
index 4d43375..dbe5854 100644
--- a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/IOptimizableFuncExpr.java
+++ b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/IOptimizableFuncExpr.java
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
  */
 package edu.uci.ics.asterix.optimizer.rules.am;
 
+import edu.uci.ics.asterix.om.types.ATypeTag;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.base.LogicalVariable;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.expressions.AbstractFunctionCallExpression;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.expressions.IAlgebricksConstantValue;
@@ -51,4 +52,8 @@
     public void setPartialField(boolean partialField);
 
     public boolean containsPartialField();
+
+    public void setTypeTag(int index, ATypeTag typeTag);
+
+    public ATypeTag getTypeTag(int index);
 }
diff --git a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/IntroduceJoinAccessMethodRule.java b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/IntroduceJoinAccessMethodRule.java
index 32d459d..025c2e2 100644
--- a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/IntroduceJoinAccessMethodRule.java
+++ b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/IntroduceJoinAccessMethodRule.java
@@ -30,9 +30,13 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.base.LogicalExpressionTag;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.base.LogicalOperatorTag;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.expressions.AbstractFunctionCallExpression;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.expressions.ScalarFunctionCallExpression;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.functions.FunctionIdentifier;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.operators.logical.AbstractBinaryJoinOperator;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.operators.logical.AbstractLogicalOperator;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.operators.logical.GroupByOperator;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.operators.logical.InnerJoinOperator;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.operators.logical.LeftOuterJoinOperator;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.util.OperatorPropertiesUtil;
 
 /**
@@ -53,14 +57,24 @@
  * 3. Check metadata to see if there are applicable indexes.
  * 4. Choose an index to apply (for now only a single index will be chosen).
  * 5. Rewrite plan using index (delegated to IAccessMethods).
+ * For left-outer-join, additional patterns are checked and additional treatment is needed as follows:
+ * 1. Since left-outer-join operators always have groupby operator on top of it,
+ * first it checks a pattern: (groupby) <-- (leftouterjoin)
+ * 2. Inherently, only the right-subtree of the lojOp can be used as indexSubtree.
+ * So, the right-subtree must have at least one applicable index on join field(s)
+ * 3. The null placeholder variable introduced in groupByOp should be taken care of correctly.
+ * Here, the primary key variable from datasourceScanOp replaces the introduced null placeholder variable.
+ * If the primary key is composite key, then the first variable of the primary key variables becomes the
+ * null place holder variable. This null placeholder variable works for all three types of indexes.
  */
 public class IntroduceJoinAccessMethodRule extends AbstractIntroduceAccessMethodRule {
 
     protected Mutable<ILogicalOperator> joinRef = null;
-    protected InnerJoinOperator join = null;
+    protected AbstractBinaryJoinOperator join = null;
     protected AbstractFunctionCallExpression joinCond = null;
     protected final OptimizableOperatorSubTree leftSubTree = new OptimizableOperatorSubTree();
     protected final OptimizableOperatorSubTree rightSubTree = new OptimizableOperatorSubTree();
+    protected boolean isLeftOuterJoin = false;
 
     // Register access methods.
     protected static Map<FunctionIdentifier, List<IAccessMethod>> accessMethods = new HashMap<FunctionIdentifier, List<IAccessMethod>>();
@@ -108,10 +122,10 @@
             return false;
         }
         if (checkLeftSubTreeMetadata) {
-            fillSubTreeIndexExprs(leftSubTree, analyzedAMs);
+            fillSubTreeIndexExprs(leftSubTree, analyzedAMs, context);
         }
         if (checkRightSubTreeMetadata) {
-            fillSubTreeIndexExprs(rightSubTree, analyzedAMs);
+            fillSubTreeIndexExprs(rightSubTree, analyzedAMs, context);
         }
         pruneIndexCandidates(analyzedAMs);
 
@@ -124,8 +138,17 @@
 
         // Apply plan transformation using chosen index.
         AccessMethodAnalysisContext analysisCtx = analyzedAMs.get(chosenIndex.first);
+
+        //For LOJ, prepare objects to reset LOJ nullPlaceHolderVariable in GroupByOp 
+        if (isLeftOuterJoin) {
+            analysisCtx.setLOJGroupbyOpRef(opRef);
+            ScalarFunctionCallExpression isNullFuncExpr = AccessMethodUtils
+                    .findLOJIsNullFuncInGroupBy((GroupByOperator) opRef.getValue());
+            analysisCtx.setLOJIsNullFuncInGroupBy(isNullFuncExpr);
+        }
+
         boolean res = chosenIndex.first.applyJoinPlanTransformation(joinRef, leftSubTree, rightSubTree,
-                chosenIndex.second, analysisCtx, context);
+                chosenIndex.second, analysisCtx, context, isLeftOuterJoin);
         if (res) {
             OperatorPropertiesUtil.typeOpRec(opRef, context);
         }
@@ -139,20 +162,31 @@
         if (context.checkIfInDontApplySet(this, op1)) {
             return false;
         }
-        if (op1.getOperatorTag() != LogicalOperatorTag.INNERJOIN) {
+
+        boolean isInnerJoin = isInnerJoin(op1);
+        isLeftOuterJoin = isLeftOuterJoin(op1);
+
+        if (!isInnerJoin && !isLeftOuterJoin) {
             return false;
         }
+
         // Set and analyze select.
-        joinRef = opRef;
-        join = (InnerJoinOperator) op1;
+        if (isInnerJoin) {
+            joinRef = opRef;
+            join = (InnerJoinOperator) op1;
+        } else {
+            joinRef = op1.getInputs().get(0);
+            join = (LeftOuterJoinOperator) joinRef.getValue();
+        }
+
         // Check that the select's condition is a function call.
         ILogicalExpression condExpr = join.getCondition().getValue();
         if (condExpr.getExpressionTag() != LogicalExpressionTag.FUNCTION_CALL) {
             return false;
         }
         joinCond = (AbstractFunctionCallExpression) condExpr;
-        leftSubTree.initFromSubTree(op1.getInputs().get(0));
-        rightSubTree.initFromSubTree(op1.getInputs().get(1));
+        leftSubTree.initFromSubTree(join.getInputs().get(0));
+        rightSubTree.initFromSubTree(join.getInputs().get(1));
         // One of the subtrees must have a datasource scan.
         if (leftSubTree.hasDataSourceScan() || rightSubTree.hasDataSourceScan()) {
             return true;
@@ -160,6 +194,15 @@
         return false;
     }
 
+    private boolean isLeftOuterJoin(AbstractLogicalOperator op1) {
+        return (op1.getOperatorTag() == LogicalOperatorTag.GROUP && ((AbstractLogicalOperator) op1.getInputs().get(0)
+                .getValue()).getOperatorTag() == LogicalOperatorTag.LEFTOUTERJOIN);
+    }
+
+    private boolean isInnerJoin(AbstractLogicalOperator op1) {
+        return op1.getOperatorTag() == LogicalOperatorTag.INNERJOIN;
+    }
+
     @Override
     public Map<FunctionIdentifier, List<IAccessMethod>> getAccessMethods() {
         return accessMethods;
@@ -169,5 +212,6 @@
         joinRef = null;
         join = null;
         joinCond = null;
+        isLeftOuterJoin = false;
     }
 }
diff --git a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/IntroduceSelectAccessMethodRule.java b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/IntroduceSelectAccessMethodRule.java
index 28ec41d..0f0db4c 100644
--- a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/IntroduceSelectAccessMethodRule.java
+++ b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/IntroduceSelectAccessMethodRule.java
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
             return false;
         }
 
-        fillSubTreeIndexExprs(subTree, analyzedAMs);
+        fillSubTreeIndexExprs(subTree, analyzedAMs, context);
         pruneIndexCandidates(analyzedAMs);
 
         // Choose index to be applied.
diff --git a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/InvertedIndexAccessMethod.java b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/InvertedIndexAccessMethod.java
index d73f437..5042f80 100644
--- a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/InvertedIndexAccessMethod.java
+++ b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/InvertedIndexAccessMethod.java
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.asterix.common.annotations.SkipSecondaryIndexSearchExpressionAnnotation;
 import edu.uci.ics.asterix.common.config.DatasetConfig.IndexType;
 import edu.uci.ics.asterix.formats.nontagged.AqlBinaryTokenizerFactoryProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.asterix.metadata.declared.AqlMetadataProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.asterix.metadata.entities.Dataset;
 import edu.uci.ics.asterix.metadata.entities.Index;
 import edu.uci.ics.asterix.om.base.AFloat;
@@ -59,6 +58,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.expressions.VariableReferenceExpression;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.functions.AlgebricksBuiltinFunctions;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.functions.FunctionIdentifier;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.operators.logical.AbstractBinaryJoinOperator;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.operators.logical.AbstractLogicalOperator;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.operators.logical.AbstractLogicalOperator.ExecutionMode;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.operators.logical.AssignOperator;
@@ -120,8 +120,13 @@
     @Override
     public boolean analyzeFuncExprArgs(AbstractFunctionCallExpression funcExpr,
             List<AbstractLogicalOperator> assignsAndUnnests, AccessMethodAnalysisContext analysisCtx) {
+        
         if (funcExpr.getFunctionIdentifier() == AsterixBuiltinFunctions.CONTAINS) {
-            return AccessMethodUtils.analyzeFuncExprArgsForOneConstAndVar(funcExpr, analysisCtx);
+            boolean matches = AccessMethodUtils.analyzeFuncExprArgsForOneConstAndVar(funcExpr, analysisCtx);
+            if (!matches) {
+                matches = AccessMethodUtils.analyzeFuncExprArgsForTwoVars(funcExpr, analysisCtx);
+            }
+            return matches;
         }
         return analyzeGetItemFuncExpr(funcExpr, assignsAndUnnests, analysisCtx);
     }
@@ -335,7 +340,8 @@
 
     private ILogicalOperator createSecondaryToPrimaryPlan(OptimizableOperatorSubTree indexSubTree,
             OptimizableOperatorSubTree probeSubTree, Index chosenIndex, IOptimizableFuncExpr optFuncExpr,
-            boolean retainInput, boolean requiresBroadcast, IOptimizationContext context) throws AlgebricksException {
+            boolean retainInput, boolean retainNull, boolean requiresBroadcast, IOptimizationContext context)
+            throws AlgebricksException {
         Dataset dataset = indexSubTree.dataset;
         ARecordType recordType = indexSubTree.recordType;
         // we made sure indexSubTree has datasource scan
@@ -343,7 +349,7 @@
 
         InvertedIndexJobGenParams jobGenParams = new InvertedIndexJobGenParams(chosenIndex.getIndexName(),
                 chosenIndex.getIndexType(), dataset.getDataverseName(), dataset.getDatasetName(), retainInput,
-                requiresBroadcast);
+                retainNull, requiresBroadcast);
         // Add function-specific args such as search modifier, and possibly a similarity threshold.
         addFunctionSpecificArgs(optFuncExpr, jobGenParams);
         // Add the type of search key from the optFuncExpr.
@@ -374,9 +380,11 @@
         jobGenParams.setKeyVarList(keyVarList);
         UnnestMapOperator secondaryIndexUnnestOp = AccessMethodUtils.createSecondaryIndexUnnestMap(dataset, recordType,
                 chosenIndex, inputOp, jobGenParams, context, true, retainInput);
+
         // Generate the rest of the upstream plan which feeds the search results into the primary index.
         UnnestMapOperator primaryIndexUnnestOp = AccessMethodUtils.createPrimaryIndexUnnestMap(dataSourceScan, dataset,
-                recordType, secondaryIndexUnnestOp, context, true, retainInput, false);
+                recordType, secondaryIndexUnnestOp, context, true, retainInput, retainNull, false);
+
         return primaryIndexUnnestOp;
     }
 
@@ -401,7 +409,7 @@
             IOptimizationContext context) throws AlgebricksException {
         IOptimizableFuncExpr optFuncExpr = AccessMethodUtils.chooseFirstOptFuncExpr(chosenIndex, analysisCtx);
         ILogicalOperator indexPlanRootOp = createSecondaryToPrimaryPlan(subTree, null, chosenIndex, optFuncExpr, false,
-                false, context);
+                false, false, context);
         // Replace the datasource scan with the new plan rooted at primaryIndexUnnestMap.
         subTree.dataSourceRef.setValue(indexPlanRootOp);
         return true;
@@ -410,13 +418,15 @@
     @Override
     public boolean applyJoinPlanTransformation(Mutable<ILogicalOperator> joinRef,
             OptimizableOperatorSubTree leftSubTree, OptimizableOperatorSubTree rightSubTree, Index chosenIndex,
-            AccessMethodAnalysisContext analysisCtx, IOptimizationContext context) throws AlgebricksException {
+            AccessMethodAnalysisContext analysisCtx, IOptimizationContext context, boolean isLeftOuterJoin)
+            throws AlgebricksException {
         // Figure out if the index is applicable on the left or right side (if both, we arbitrarily prefer the left side).
         Dataset dataset = analysisCtx.indexDatasetMap.get(chosenIndex);
         // Determine probe and index subtrees based on chosen index.
         OptimizableOperatorSubTree indexSubTree = null;
         OptimizableOperatorSubTree probeSubTree = null;
-        if (leftSubTree.hasDataSourceScan() && dataset.getDatasetName().equals(leftSubTree.dataset.getDatasetName())) {
+        if (!isLeftOuterJoin && leftSubTree.hasDataSourceScan()
+                && dataset.getDatasetName().equals(leftSubTree.dataset.getDatasetName())) {
             indexSubTree = leftSubTree;
             probeSubTree = rightSubTree;
         } else if (rightSubTree.hasDataSourceScan()
@@ -424,15 +434,33 @@
             indexSubTree = rightSubTree;
             probeSubTree = leftSubTree;
         }
+        if (indexSubTree == null) {
+            //This may happen for left outer join case
+            return false;
+        }
+
         IOptimizableFuncExpr optFuncExpr = AccessMethodUtils.chooseFirstOptFuncExpr(chosenIndex, analysisCtx);
-        // The arguments of edit-distance-contains() function are asymmetrical, we can only use index if the dataset of index subtree and the dataset of first argument's subtree is the same     
+        // The arguments of edit-distance-contains() function are asymmetrical, we can only use index 
+        // if the dataset of index subtree and the dataset of first argument's subtree is the same     
         if (optFuncExpr.getFuncExpr().getFunctionIdentifier() == AsterixBuiltinFunctions.EDIT_DISTANCE_CONTAINS
                 && optFuncExpr.getOperatorSubTree(0).dataset != null
                 && !optFuncExpr.getOperatorSubTree(0).dataset.getDatasetName().equals(
                         indexSubTree.dataset.getDatasetName())) {
             return false;
         }
-        InnerJoinOperator join = (InnerJoinOperator) joinRef.getValue();
+
+        //if LOJ, reset null place holder variable
+        LogicalVariable newNullPlaceHolderVar = null;
+        if (isLeftOuterJoin) {
+            //get a new null place holder variable that is the first field variable of the primary key 
+            //from the indexSubTree's datasourceScanOp
+            newNullPlaceHolderVar = indexSubTree.getDataSourceVariables().get(0);
+
+            //reset the null place holder variable
+            AccessMethodUtils.resetLOJNullPlaceholderVariableInGroupByOp(analysisCtx, newNullPlaceHolderVar, context);
+        }
+
+        AbstractBinaryJoinOperator join = (AbstractBinaryJoinOperator) joinRef.getValue();
 
         // Remember the original probe subtree, and its primary-key variables,
         // so we can later retrieve the missing attributes via an equi join.
@@ -465,11 +493,12 @@
         }
         // Create regular indexed-nested loop join path.
         ILogicalOperator indexPlanRootOp = createSecondaryToPrimaryPlan(indexSubTree, probeSubTree, chosenIndex,
-                optFuncExpr, true, true, context);
+                optFuncExpr, true, isLeftOuterJoin, true, context);
         indexSubTree.dataSourceRef.setValue(indexPlanRootOp);
 
         // Change join into a select with the same condition.
-        SelectOperator topSelect = new SelectOperator(new MutableObject<ILogicalExpression>(joinCond));
+        SelectOperator topSelect = new SelectOperator(new MutableObject<ILogicalExpression>(joinCond), isLeftOuterJoin,
+                newNullPlaceHolderVar);
         topSelect.getInputs().add(indexSubTree.rootRef);
         topSelect.setExecutionMode(ExecutionMode.LOCAL);
         context.computeAndSetTypeEnvironmentForOperator(topSelect);
@@ -650,7 +679,7 @@
         // Replace the inputs of the given join op, and replace variables in its
         // condition since we deep-copied one of the scanner subtrees which
         // changed variables. 
-        InnerJoinOperator joinOp = (InnerJoinOperator) joinRef.getValue();
+        AbstractBinaryJoinOperator joinOp = (AbstractBinaryJoinOperator) joinRef.getValue();
         for (Map.Entry<LogicalVariable, LogicalVariable> entry : copyVarMap.entrySet()) {
             joinOp.getCondition().getValue().substituteVar(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
         }
@@ -707,7 +736,7 @@
             }
         }
         SelectOperator isFilterableSelectOp = new SelectOperator(
-                new MutableObject<ILogicalExpression>(isFilterableExpr));
+                new MutableObject<ILogicalExpression>(isFilterableExpr), false, null);
         isFilterableSelectOp.getInputs().add(new MutableObject<ILogicalOperator>(inputOp));
         isFilterableSelectOp.setExecutionMode(ExecutionMode.LOCAL);
         context.computeAndSetTypeEnvironmentForOperator(isFilterableSelectOp);
@@ -718,7 +747,7 @@
         ILogicalExpression isNotFilterableExpr = new ScalarFunctionCallExpression(
                 FunctionUtils.getFunctionInfo(AsterixBuiltinFunctions.NOT), isNotFilterableArgs);
         SelectOperator isNotFilterableSelectOp = new SelectOperator(new MutableObject<ILogicalExpression>(
-                isNotFilterableExpr));
+                isNotFilterableExpr), false, null);
         isNotFilterableSelectOp.getInputs().add(new MutableObject<ILogicalOperator>(inputOp));
         isNotFilterableSelectOp.setExecutionMode(ExecutionMode.LOCAL);
         context.computeAndSetTypeEnvironmentForOperator(isNotFilterableSelectOp);
@@ -796,88 +825,227 @@
                 .containsKey(SkipSecondaryIndexSearchExpressionAnnotation.INSTANCE)) {
             return false;
         }
+
         if (optFuncExpr.getFuncExpr().getFunctionIdentifier() == AsterixBuiltinFunctions.EDIT_DISTANCE_CHECK
                 || optFuncExpr.getFuncExpr().getFunctionIdentifier() == AsterixBuiltinFunctions.EDIT_DISTANCE_CONTAINS) {
-            // Must be for a join query.
-            if (optFuncExpr.getNumConstantVals() == 1) {
-                return true;
-            }
-            // Check for panic in selection query.
-            // TODO: Panic also depends on prePost which is currently hardcoded to be true.
-            AsterixConstantValue listOrStrConstVal = (AsterixConstantValue) optFuncExpr.getConstantVal(0);
-            AsterixConstantValue intConstVal = (AsterixConstantValue) optFuncExpr.getConstantVal(1);
-            IAObject listOrStrObj = listOrStrConstVal.getObject();
-            IAObject intObj = intConstVal.getObject();
-            AInt32 edThresh = (AInt32) intObj;
-            int mergeThreshold = 0;
-            // We can only optimize edit distance on strings using an ngram index.
-            if (listOrStrObj.getType().getTypeTag() == ATypeTag.STRING
-                    && (index.getIndexType() == IndexType.SINGLE_PARTITION_NGRAM_INVIX || index.getIndexType() == IndexType.LENGTH_PARTITIONED_NGRAM_INVIX)) {
-                AString astr = (AString) listOrStrObj;
-                // Compute merge threshold depending on the query grams contain pre- and postfixing
-                if (optFuncExpr.containsPartialField()) {
-                    mergeThreshold = (astr.getStringValue().length() - index.getGramLength() + 1)
-                            - edThresh.getIntegerValue() * index.getGramLength();
-                } else {
-                    mergeThreshold = (astr.getStringValue().length() + index.getGramLength() - 1)
-                            - edThresh.getIntegerValue() * index.getGramLength();
-                }
-            }
-            // We can only optimize edit distance on lists using a word index.
-            if ((listOrStrObj.getType().getTypeTag() == ATypeTag.ORDEREDLIST || listOrStrObj.getType().getTypeTag() == ATypeTag.UNORDEREDLIST)
-                    && (index.getIndexType() == IndexType.SINGLE_PARTITION_WORD_INVIX || index.getIndexType() == IndexType.LENGTH_PARTITIONED_WORD_INVIX)) {
-                IACollection alist = (IACollection) listOrStrObj;
-                // Compute merge threshold.
-                mergeThreshold = alist.size() - edThresh.getIntegerValue();
-            }
-            if (mergeThreshold <= 0) {
-                // We cannot use index to optimize expr.
-                return false;
-            }
+            return isEditDistanceFuncOptimizable(index, optFuncExpr);
+        }
+
+        if (optFuncExpr.getFuncExpr().getFunctionIdentifier() == AsterixBuiltinFunctions.SIMILARITY_JACCARD_CHECK) {
+            return isJaccardFuncOptimizable(index, optFuncExpr);
+        }
+
+        if (optFuncExpr.getFuncExpr().getFunctionIdentifier() == AsterixBuiltinFunctions.CONTAINS) {
+            return isContainsFuncOptimizable(index, optFuncExpr);
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isEditDistanceFuncOptimizable(Index index, IOptimizableFuncExpr optFuncExpr) {
+        if (optFuncExpr.getNumConstantVals() == 1) {
+            return isEditDistanceFuncJoinOptimizable(index, optFuncExpr);
+        } else {
+            return isEditDistanceFuncSelectOptimizable(index, optFuncExpr);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean isEditDistanceFuncJoinOptimizable(Index index, IOptimizableFuncExpr optFuncExpr) {
+        return isEditDistanceFuncCompatible(optFuncExpr.getTypeTag(0), index.getIndexType());
+    }
+
+    private boolean isEditDistanceFuncCompatible(ATypeTag typeTag, IndexType indexType) {
+        // We can only optimize edit distance on strings using an ngram index.
+        if (typeTag == ATypeTag.STRING
+                && (indexType == IndexType.SINGLE_PARTITION_NGRAM_INVIX || indexType == IndexType.LENGTH_PARTITIONED_NGRAM_INVIX)) {
             return true;
         }
-        // TODO: We need more checking: gram length, prePost, etc.
-        if (optFuncExpr.getFuncExpr().getFunctionIdentifier() == AsterixBuiltinFunctions.SIMILARITY_JACCARD_CHECK) {
-            // Check the tokenization function of the non-constant func arg to see if it fits the concrete index type.
-            ILogicalExpression arg1 = optFuncExpr.getFuncExpr().getArguments().get(0).getValue();
-            ILogicalExpression arg2 = optFuncExpr.getFuncExpr().getArguments().get(1).getValue();
-            ILogicalExpression nonConstArg = null;
-            if (arg1.getExpressionTag() != LogicalExpressionTag.CONSTANT) {
-                nonConstArg = arg1;
+        // We can only optimize edit distance on lists using a word index.
+        if ((typeTag == ATypeTag.ORDEREDLIST)
+                && (indexType == IndexType.SINGLE_PARTITION_WORD_INVIX || indexType == IndexType.LENGTH_PARTITIONED_WORD_INVIX)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isEditDistanceFuncSelectOptimizable(Index index, IOptimizableFuncExpr optFuncExpr) {
+
+        // Check for panic in selection query.
+        // TODO: Panic also depends on prePost which is currently hardcoded to be true.
+        AsterixConstantValue listOrStrConstVal = (AsterixConstantValue) optFuncExpr.getConstantVal(0);
+        IAObject listOrStrObj = listOrStrConstVal.getObject();
+        ATypeTag typeTag = listOrStrObj.getType().getTypeTag();
+
+        if (!isEditDistanceFuncCompatible(typeTag, index.getIndexType())) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        AsterixConstantValue intConstVal = (AsterixConstantValue) optFuncExpr.getConstantVal(1);
+        IAObject intObj = intConstVal.getObject();
+        AInt32 edThresh = (AInt32) intObj;
+        int mergeThreshold = 0;
+
+        if (typeTag == ATypeTag.STRING) {
+            AString astr = (AString) listOrStrObj;
+            // Compute merge threshold depending on the query grams contain pre- and postfixing
+            if (optFuncExpr.containsPartialField()) {
+                mergeThreshold = (astr.getStringValue().length() - index.getGramLength() + 1)
+                        - edThresh.getIntegerValue() * index.getGramLength();
             } else {
-                nonConstArg = arg2;
+                mergeThreshold = (astr.getStringValue().length() + index.getGramLength() - 1)
+                        - edThresh.getIntegerValue() * index.getGramLength();
             }
-            if (nonConstArg.getExpressionTag() == LogicalExpressionTag.FUNCTION_CALL) {
-                AbstractFunctionCallExpression nonConstfuncExpr = (AbstractFunctionCallExpression) nonConstArg;
-                // We can use this index if the tokenization function matches the index type.
-                if (nonConstfuncExpr.getFunctionIdentifier() == AsterixBuiltinFunctions.WORD_TOKENS
-                        && (index.getIndexType() == IndexType.SINGLE_PARTITION_WORD_INVIX || index.getIndexType() == IndexType.LENGTH_PARTITIONED_WORD_INVIX)) {
-                    return true;
-                }
-                if (nonConstfuncExpr.getFunctionIdentifier() == AsterixBuiltinFunctions.GRAM_TOKENS
-                        && (index.getIndexType() == IndexType.SINGLE_PARTITION_NGRAM_INVIX || index.getIndexType() == IndexType.LENGTH_PARTITIONED_NGRAM_INVIX)) {
-                    return true;
-                }
+        }
+
+        if ((typeTag == ATypeTag.ORDEREDLIST)
+                && (index.getIndexType() == IndexType.SINGLE_PARTITION_WORD_INVIX || index.getIndexType() == IndexType.LENGTH_PARTITIONED_WORD_INVIX)) {
+            IACollection alist = (IACollection) listOrStrObj;
+            // Compute merge threshold.
+            mergeThreshold = alist.size() - edThresh.getIntegerValue();
+        }
+        if (mergeThreshold <= 0) {
+            // We cannot use index to optimize expr.
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isJaccardFuncOptimizable(Index index, IOptimizableFuncExpr optFuncExpr) {
+        //TODO we need to split join and select cases in order to check join case more thoroughly.
+
+        int variableCount = optFuncExpr.getNumLogicalVars();
+
+        //check whether gram-tokens function is optimizable
+        ScalarFunctionCallExpression funcExpr = null;
+        for (int i = 0; i < variableCount; i++) {
+            funcExpr = findTokensFunc(AsterixBuiltinFunctions.GRAM_TOKENS, optFuncExpr, i);
+            if (funcExpr != null) {
+                return isJaccardFuncCompatible(funcExpr, optFuncExpr.getTypeTag(i), index.getIndexType());
             }
-            // The non-constant arg is not a function call. Perhaps a variable?
-            // We must have already verified during our analysis of the select condition, that this variable
-            // refers to a list, or to a tokenization function.
-            if (nonConstArg.getExpressionTag() == LogicalExpressionTag.VARIABLE) {
+        }
+
+        //check whether word-tokens function is optimizable
+        for (int i = 0; i < variableCount; i++) {
+            funcExpr = findTokensFunc(AsterixBuiltinFunctions.WORD_TOKENS, optFuncExpr, i);
+            if (funcExpr != null) {
+                return isJaccardFuncCompatible(funcExpr, optFuncExpr.getTypeTag(i), index.getIndexType());
+            }
+        }
+
+        //check whether a search variable is optimizable
+        OptimizableOperatorSubTree subTree = null;
+        LogicalVariable targetVar = null;
+        for (int i = 0; i < variableCount; i++) {
+            subTree = optFuncExpr.getOperatorSubTree(i);
+            if (subTree == null)
+                continue;
+            targetVar = optFuncExpr.getLogicalVar(i);
+            if (targetVar == null)
+                continue;
+            return isJaccardFuncCompatible(optFuncExpr.getFuncExpr().getArguments().get(i).getValue(),
+                    optFuncExpr.getTypeTag(i), index.getIndexType());
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private ScalarFunctionCallExpression findTokensFunc(FunctionIdentifier funcId, IOptimizableFuncExpr optFuncExpr,
+            int subTreeIndex) {
+        //find either a gram-tokens or a word-tokens function that exists in optFuncExpr.subTrees' assignsAndUnnests
+        OptimizableOperatorSubTree subTree = null;
+        LogicalVariable targetVar = null;
+
+        subTree = optFuncExpr.getOperatorSubTree(subTreeIndex);
+        if (subTree == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        targetVar = optFuncExpr.getLogicalVar(subTreeIndex);
+        if (targetVar == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        for (AbstractLogicalOperator op : subTree.assignsAndUnnests) {
+            if (op.getOperatorTag() != LogicalOperatorTag.ASSIGN)
+                continue;
+            List<Mutable<ILogicalExpression>> exprList = ((AssignOperator) op).getExpressions();
+            for (Mutable<ILogicalExpression> expr : exprList) {
+                if (expr.getValue().getExpressionTag() != LogicalExpressionTag.FUNCTION_CALL)
+                    continue;
+                AbstractFunctionCallExpression funcExpr = (AbstractFunctionCallExpression) expr.getValue();
+                if (funcExpr.getFunctionIdentifier() != funcId)
+                    continue;
+                ILogicalExpression varExpr = funcExpr.getArguments().get(0).getValue();
+                if (varExpr.getExpressionTag() != LogicalExpressionTag.VARIABLE)
+                    continue;
+                if (((VariableReferenceExpression) varExpr).getVariableReference() == targetVar)
+                    continue;
+                return (ScalarFunctionCallExpression) funcExpr;
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isJaccardFuncCompatible(ILogicalExpression nonConstArg, ATypeTag typeTag, IndexType indexType) {
+        if (nonConstArg.getExpressionTag() == LogicalExpressionTag.FUNCTION_CALL) {
+            AbstractFunctionCallExpression nonConstfuncExpr = (AbstractFunctionCallExpression) nonConstArg;
+            // We can use this index if the tokenization function matches the index type.
+            if (nonConstfuncExpr.getFunctionIdentifier() == AsterixBuiltinFunctions.WORD_TOKENS
+                    && (indexType == IndexType.SINGLE_PARTITION_WORD_INVIX || indexType == IndexType.LENGTH_PARTITIONED_WORD_INVIX)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            if (nonConstfuncExpr.getFunctionIdentifier() == AsterixBuiltinFunctions.GRAM_TOKENS
+                    && (indexType == IndexType.SINGLE_PARTITION_NGRAM_INVIX || indexType == IndexType.LENGTH_PARTITIONED_NGRAM_INVIX)) {
                 return true;
             }
         }
-        // We can only optimize contains with ngram indexes.
-        if (optFuncExpr.getFuncExpr().getFunctionIdentifier() == AsterixBuiltinFunctions.CONTAINS
-                && (index.getIndexType() == IndexType.SINGLE_PARTITION_NGRAM_INVIX || index.getIndexType() == IndexType.LENGTH_PARTITIONED_NGRAM_INVIX)) {
-            // Check that the constant search string has at least gramLength characters.
-            AsterixConstantValue strConstVal = (AsterixConstantValue) optFuncExpr.getConstantVal(0);
-            IAObject strObj = strConstVal.getObject();
-            if (strObj.getType().getTypeTag() == ATypeTag.STRING) {
-                AString astr = (AString) strObj;
-                if (astr.getStringValue().length() >= index.getGramLength()) {
-                    return true;
-                }
+
+        if (nonConstArg.getExpressionTag() == LogicalExpressionTag.VARIABLE) {
+            if ((typeTag == ATypeTag.ORDEREDLIST || typeTag == ATypeTag.UNORDEREDLIST)
+                    && (indexType == IndexType.SINGLE_PARTITION_WORD_INVIX || indexType == IndexType.LENGTH_PARTITIONED_WORD_INVIX)) {
+                return true;
             }
+            // We assume that the given list variable doesn't have ngram list in it since it is unrealistic.  
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isContainsFuncOptimizable(Index index, IOptimizableFuncExpr optFuncExpr) {
+        if (optFuncExpr.getNumLogicalVars() == 2) {
+            return isContainsFuncJoinOptimizable(index, optFuncExpr);
+        } else {
+            return isContainsFuncSelectOptimizable(index, optFuncExpr);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean isContainsFuncSelectOptimizable(Index index, IOptimizableFuncExpr optFuncExpr) {
+        AsterixConstantValue strConstVal = (AsterixConstantValue) optFuncExpr.getConstantVal(0);
+        IAObject strObj = strConstVal.getObject();
+        ATypeTag typeTag = strObj.getType().getTypeTag();
+
+        if (!isContainsFuncCompatible(typeTag, index.getIndexType())) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Check that the constant search string has at least gramLength characters.
+        if (strObj.getType().getTypeTag() == ATypeTag.STRING) {
+            AString astr = (AString) strObj;
+            if (astr.getStringValue().length() >= index.getGramLength()) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isContainsFuncJoinOptimizable(Index index, IOptimizableFuncExpr optFuncExpr) {
+        return isContainsFuncCompatible(optFuncExpr.getTypeTag(0), index.getIndexType());
+    }
+
+    private boolean isContainsFuncCompatible(ATypeTag typeTag, IndexType indexType) {
+        //We can only optimize contains with ngram indexes.
+        if ((typeTag == ATypeTag.STRING)
+                && (indexType == IndexType.SINGLE_PARTITION_NGRAM_INVIX || indexType == IndexType.LENGTH_PARTITIONED_NGRAM_INVIX)) {
+            return true;
         }
         return false;
     }
diff --git a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/InvertedIndexJobGenParams.java b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/InvertedIndexJobGenParams.java
index 40ab655..5808a83 100644
--- a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/InvertedIndexJobGenParams.java
+++ b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/InvertedIndexJobGenParams.java
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@
     }
 
     public InvertedIndexJobGenParams(String indexName, IndexType indexType, String dataverseName, String datasetName,
-            boolean retainInput, boolean requiresBroadcast) {
-        super(indexName, indexType, dataverseName, datasetName, retainInput, requiresBroadcast);
+            boolean retainInput, boolean retainNull, boolean requiresBroadcast) {
+        super(indexName, indexType, dataverseName, datasetName, retainInput, retainNull, requiresBroadcast);
     }
 
     public void setSearchModifierType(SearchModifierType searchModifierType) {
diff --git a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/OptimizableFuncExpr.java b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/OptimizableFuncExpr.java
index 79ccfc0..179ab83 100644
--- a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/OptimizableFuncExpr.java
+++ b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/OptimizableFuncExpr.java
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 package edu.uci.ics.asterix.optimizer.rules.am;
 
 import edu.uci.ics.asterix.om.functions.AsterixBuiltinFunctions;
+import edu.uci.ics.asterix.om.types.ATypeTag;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.base.LogicalVariable;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.expressions.AbstractFunctionCallExpression;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.expressions.IAlgebricksConstantValue;
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@
     protected final AbstractFunctionCallExpression funcExpr;
     protected final LogicalVariable[] logicalVars;
     protected final String[] fieldNames;
+    protected final ATypeTag[] typeTags;
     protected final OptimizableOperatorSubTree[] subTrees;
     protected final IAlgebricksConstantValue[] constantVals;
     protected boolean partialField;
@@ -37,7 +39,9 @@
         this.logicalVars = logicalVars;
         this.constantVals = constantVals;
         this.fieldNames = new String[logicalVars.length];
+        this.typeTags = new ATypeTag[logicalVars.length];
         this.subTrees = new OptimizableOperatorSubTree[logicalVars.length];
+
         if (funcExpr.getFunctionIdentifier() == AsterixBuiltinFunctions.EDIT_DISTANCE_CONTAINS) {
             this.partialField = true;
         } else {
@@ -52,6 +56,7 @@
         this.logicalVars = new LogicalVariable[] { logicalVar };
         this.constantVals = new IAlgebricksConstantValue[] { constantVal };
         this.fieldNames = new String[logicalVars.length];
+        this.typeTags = new ATypeTag[logicalVars.length];
         this.subTrees = new OptimizableOperatorSubTree[logicalVars.length];
         if (funcExpr.getFunctionIdentifier() == AsterixBuiltinFunctions.EDIT_DISTANCE_CONTAINS) {
             this.partialField = true;
@@ -141,9 +146,19 @@
     public void setPartialField(boolean partialField) {
         this.partialField = partialField;
     }
- 
+
     @Override
     public boolean containsPartialField() {
         return partialField;
     }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setTypeTag(int index, ATypeTag typeTag) {
+        typeTags[index] = typeTag;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ATypeTag getTypeTag(int index) {
+        return typeTags[index];
+    }
 }
diff --git a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/RTreeAccessMethod.java b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/RTreeAccessMethod.java
index 7110fbb..9103178 100644
--- a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/RTreeAccessMethod.java
+++ b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/RTreeAccessMethod.java
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.expressions.ScalarFunctionCallExpression;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.functions.FunctionIdentifier;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.operators.logical.AbstractBinaryJoinOperator;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.operators.logical.AbstractLogicalOperator.ExecutionMode;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.operators.logical.AbstractLogicalOperator;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.operators.logical.AbstractLogicalOperator.ExecutionMode;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.operators.logical.AssignOperator;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.operators.logical.DataSourceScanOperator;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.operators.logical.SelectOperator;
@@ -67,8 +67,8 @@
     }
 
     @Override
-    public boolean analyzeFuncExprArgs(AbstractFunctionCallExpression funcExpr, List<AbstractLogicalOperator> assignsAndUnnests,
-            AccessMethodAnalysisContext analysisCtx) {
+    public boolean analyzeFuncExprArgs(AbstractFunctionCallExpression funcExpr,
+            List<AbstractLogicalOperator> assignsAndUnnests, AccessMethodAnalysisContext analysisCtx) {
         boolean matches = AccessMethodUtils.analyzeFuncExprArgsForOneConstAndVar(funcExpr, analysisCtx);
         if (!matches) {
             matches = AccessMethodUtils.analyzeFuncExprArgsForTwoVars(funcExpr, analysisCtx);
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@
         // TODO: We can probably do something smarter here based on selectivity or MBR area.
         IOptimizableFuncExpr optFuncExpr = AccessMethodUtils.chooseFirstOptFuncExpr(chosenIndex, analysisCtx);
         ILogicalOperator primaryIndexUnnestOp = createSecondaryToPrimaryPlan(subTree, null, chosenIndex, optFuncExpr,
-                false, false, context);
+                analysisCtx, false, false, false, context);
         if (primaryIndexUnnestOp == null) {
             return false;
         }
@@ -105,13 +105,15 @@
     @Override
     public boolean applyJoinPlanTransformation(Mutable<ILogicalOperator> joinRef,
             OptimizableOperatorSubTree leftSubTree, OptimizableOperatorSubTree rightSubTree, Index chosenIndex,
-            AccessMethodAnalysisContext analysisCtx, IOptimizationContext context) throws AlgebricksException {
+            AccessMethodAnalysisContext analysisCtx, IOptimizationContext context, boolean isLeftOuterJoin)
+            throws AlgebricksException {
         // Determine if the index is applicable on the left or right side (if both, we arbitrarily prefer the left side).
         Dataset dataset = analysisCtx.indexDatasetMap.get(chosenIndex);
         // Determine probe and index subtrees based on chosen index.
         OptimizableOperatorSubTree indexSubTree = null;
         OptimizableOperatorSubTree probeSubTree = null;
-        if (leftSubTree.hasDataSourceScan() && dataset.getDatasetName().equals(leftSubTree.dataset.getDatasetName())) {
+        if (!isLeftOuterJoin && leftSubTree.hasDataSourceScan()
+                && dataset.getDatasetName().equals(leftSubTree.dataset.getDatasetName())) {
             indexSubTree = leftSubTree;
             probeSubTree = rightSubTree;
         } else if (rightSubTree.hasDataSourceScan()
@@ -119,17 +121,35 @@
             indexSubTree = rightSubTree;
             probeSubTree = leftSubTree;
         }
+        if (indexSubTree == null) {
+            //This may happen for left outer join case
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        LogicalVariable newNullPlaceHolderVar = null;
+        if (isLeftOuterJoin) {
+            //get a new null place holder variable that is the first field variable of the primary key 
+            //from the indexSubTree's datasourceScanOp
+            newNullPlaceHolderVar = indexSubTree.getDataSourceVariables().get(0);
+        }
+
         // TODO: We can probably do something smarter here based on selectivity or MBR area.
         IOptimizableFuncExpr optFuncExpr = AccessMethodUtils.chooseFirstOptFuncExpr(chosenIndex, analysisCtx);
         ILogicalOperator primaryIndexUnnestOp = createSecondaryToPrimaryPlan(indexSubTree, probeSubTree, chosenIndex,
-                optFuncExpr, true, true, context);
+                optFuncExpr, analysisCtx, true, isLeftOuterJoin, true, context);
         if (primaryIndexUnnestOp == null) {
             return false;
         }
+
+        if (isLeftOuterJoin) {
+            //reset the null place holder variable
+            AccessMethodUtils.resetLOJNullPlaceholderVariableInGroupByOp(analysisCtx, newNullPlaceHolderVar, context);
+        }
+
         indexSubTree.dataSourceRef.setValue(primaryIndexUnnestOp);
         // Change join into a select with the same condition.
         AbstractBinaryJoinOperator joinOp = (AbstractBinaryJoinOperator) joinRef.getValue();
-        SelectOperator topSelect = new SelectOperator(joinOp.getCondition());
+        SelectOperator topSelect = new SelectOperator(joinOp.getCondition(), isLeftOuterJoin, newNullPlaceHolderVar);
         topSelect.getInputs().add(indexSubTree.rootRef);
         topSelect.setExecutionMode(ExecutionMode.LOCAL);
         context.computeAndSetTypeEnvironmentForOperator(topSelect);
@@ -140,7 +160,8 @@
 
     private ILogicalOperator createSecondaryToPrimaryPlan(OptimizableOperatorSubTree indexSubTree,
             OptimizableOperatorSubTree probeSubTree, Index chosenIndex, IOptimizableFuncExpr optFuncExpr,
-            boolean retainInput, boolean requiresBroadcast, IOptimizationContext context) throws AlgebricksException {
+            AccessMethodAnalysisContext analysisCtx, boolean retainInput, boolean retainNull,
+            boolean requiresBroadcast, IOptimizationContext context) throws AlgebricksException {
         Dataset dataset = indexSubTree.dataset;
         ARecordType recordType = indexSubTree.recordType;
 
@@ -152,7 +173,7 @@
         // we made sure indexSubTree has datasource scan
         DataSourceScanOperator dataSourceScan = (DataSourceScanOperator) indexSubTree.dataSourceRef.getValue();
         RTreeJobGenParams jobGenParams = new RTreeJobGenParams(chosenIndex.getIndexName(), IndexType.RTREE,
-                dataset.getDataverseName(), dataset.getDatasetName(), retainInput, requiresBroadcast);
+                dataset.getDataverseName(), dataset.getDatasetName(), retainInput, retainNull, requiresBroadcast);
         // A spatial object is serialized in the constant of the func expr we are optimizing.
         // The R-Tree expects as input an MBR represented with 1 field per dimension. 
         // Here we generate vars and funcs for extracting MBR fields from the constant into fields of a tuple (as the R-Tree expects them).
@@ -197,9 +218,10 @@
 
         UnnestMapOperator secondaryIndexUnnestOp = AccessMethodUtils.createSecondaryIndexUnnestMap(dataset, recordType,
                 chosenIndex, assignSearchKeys, jobGenParams, context, false, retainInput);
+
         // Generate the rest of the upstream plan which feeds the search results into the primary index.
         UnnestMapOperator primaryIndexUnnestOp = AccessMethodUtils.createPrimaryIndexUnnestMap(dataSourceScan, dataset,
-                recordType, secondaryIndexUnnestOp, context, true, retainInput, false);
+                recordType, secondaryIndexUnnestOp, context, true, retainInput, false, false);
 
         return primaryIndexUnnestOp;
     }
diff --git a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/RTreeJobGenParams.java b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/RTreeJobGenParams.java
index 114f250..b09e6ff 100644
--- a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/RTreeJobGenParams.java
+++ b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/RTreeJobGenParams.java
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@
     }
 
     public RTreeJobGenParams(String indexName, IndexType indexType, String dataverseName, String datasetName,
-            boolean retainInput, boolean requiresBroadcast) {
-        super(indexName, indexType, dataverseName, datasetName, retainInput, requiresBroadcast);
+            boolean retainInput, boolean retainNull, boolean requiresBroadcast) {
+        super(indexName, indexType, dataverseName, datasetName, retainInput, retainNull, requiresBroadcast);
     }
 
     public void writeToFuncArgs(List<Mutable<ILogicalExpression>> funcArgs) {
diff --git a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/translator/AqlExpressionToPlanTranslator.java b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/translator/AqlExpressionToPlanTranslator.java
index c52f4d5..a2ecdc8 100644
--- a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/translator/AqlExpressionToPlanTranslator.java
+++ b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/translator/AqlExpressionToPlanTranslator.java
@@ -638,14 +638,14 @@
 
         Pair<ILogicalOperator, LogicalVariable> pThen = ifexpr.getThenExpr().accept(this, nestedSource);
         SelectOperator sel1 = new SelectOperator(new MutableObject<ILogicalExpression>(new VariableReferenceExpression(
-                varCond)));
+                varCond)), false, null);
         sel1.getInputs().add(new MutableObject<ILogicalOperator>(pThen.first));
 
         Pair<ILogicalOperator, LogicalVariable> pElse = ifexpr.getElseExpr().accept(this, nestedSource);
         AbstractFunctionCallExpression notVarCond = new ScalarFunctionCallExpression(
                 FunctionUtils.getFunctionInfo(AlgebricksBuiltinFunctions.NOT), new MutableObject<ILogicalExpression>(
                         new VariableReferenceExpression(varCond)));
-        SelectOperator sel2 = new SelectOperator(new MutableObject<ILogicalExpression>(notVarCond));
+        SelectOperator sel2 = new SelectOperator(new MutableObject<ILogicalExpression>(notVarCond), false, null);
         sel2.getInputs().add(new MutableObject<ILogicalOperator>(pElse.first));
 
         ILogicalPlan p1 = new ALogicalPlanImpl(new MutableObject<ILogicalOperator>(sel1));
@@ -824,7 +824,7 @@
         AggregateFunctionCallExpression fAgg;
         SelectOperator s;
         if (qe.getQuantifier() == Quantifier.SOME) {
-            s = new SelectOperator(new MutableObject<ILogicalExpression>(eo2.first));
+            s = new SelectOperator(new MutableObject<ILogicalExpression>(eo2.first), false, null);
             s.getInputs().add(eo2.second);
             fAgg = AsterixBuiltinFunctions.makeAggregateFunctionExpression(AsterixBuiltinFunctions.NON_EMPTY_STREAM,
                     new ArrayList<Mutable<ILogicalExpression>>());
@@ -832,7 +832,7 @@
             List<Mutable<ILogicalExpression>> satExprList = new ArrayList<Mutable<ILogicalExpression>>(1);
             satExprList.add(new MutableObject<ILogicalExpression>(eo2.first));
             s = new SelectOperator(new MutableObject<ILogicalExpression>(new ScalarFunctionCallExpression(
-                    FunctionUtils.getFunctionInfo(AlgebricksBuiltinFunctions.NOT), satExprList)));
+                    FunctionUtils.getFunctionInfo(AlgebricksBuiltinFunctions.NOT), satExprList)), false, null);
             s.getInputs().add(eo2.second);
             fAgg = AsterixBuiltinFunctions.makeAggregateFunctionExpression(AsterixBuiltinFunctions.EMPTY_STREAM,
                     new ArrayList<Mutable<ILogicalExpression>>());
@@ -922,7 +922,7 @@
     public Pair<ILogicalOperator, LogicalVariable> visitWhereClause(WhereClause w, Mutable<ILogicalOperator> tupSource)
             throws AsterixException {
         Pair<ILogicalExpression, Mutable<ILogicalOperator>> p = aqlExprToAlgExpression(w.getWhereExpr(), tupSource);
-        SelectOperator s = new SelectOperator(new MutableObject<ILogicalExpression>(p.first));
+        SelectOperator s = new SelectOperator(new MutableObject<ILogicalExpression>(p.first), false, null);
         s.getInputs().add(p.second);
 
         return new Pair<ILogicalOperator, LogicalVariable>(s, null);
diff --git a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/translator/AqlPlusExpressionToPlanTranslator.java b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/translator/AqlPlusExpressionToPlanTranslator.java
index 0c7ff7d..bbd5c42 100644
--- a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/translator/AqlPlusExpressionToPlanTranslator.java
+++ b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/translator/AqlPlusExpressionToPlanTranslator.java
@@ -588,14 +588,14 @@
 
         Pair<ILogicalOperator, LogicalVariable> pThen = ifexpr.getThenExpr().accept(this, nestedSource);
         SelectOperator sel1 = new SelectOperator(new MutableObject<ILogicalExpression>(new VariableReferenceExpression(
-                varCond)));
+                varCond)), false, null);
         sel1.getInputs().add(new MutableObject<ILogicalOperator>(pThen.first));
 
         Pair<ILogicalOperator, LogicalVariable> pElse = ifexpr.getElseExpr().accept(this, nestedSource);
         AbstractFunctionCallExpression notVarCond = new ScalarFunctionCallExpression(
                 FunctionUtils.getFunctionInfo(AlgebricksBuiltinFunctions.NOT), new MutableObject<ILogicalExpression>(
                         new VariableReferenceExpression(varCond)));
-        SelectOperator sel2 = new SelectOperator(new MutableObject<ILogicalExpression>(notVarCond));
+        SelectOperator sel2 = new SelectOperator(new MutableObject<ILogicalExpression>(notVarCond), false, null);
         sel2.getInputs().add(new MutableObject<ILogicalOperator>(pElse.first));
 
         ILogicalPlan p1 = new ALogicalPlanImpl(new MutableObject<ILogicalOperator>(sel1));
@@ -766,7 +766,7 @@
         AggregateFunctionCallExpression fAgg;
         SelectOperator s;
         if (qe.getQuantifier() == Quantifier.SOME) {
-            s = new SelectOperator(new MutableObject<ILogicalExpression>(eo2.first));
+            s = new SelectOperator(new MutableObject<ILogicalExpression>(eo2.first), false, null);
             s.getInputs().add(eo2.second);
             fAgg = AsterixBuiltinFunctions.makeAggregateFunctionExpression(AsterixBuiltinFunctions.NON_EMPTY_STREAM,
                     new ArrayList<Mutable<ILogicalExpression>>());
@@ -774,7 +774,7 @@
             List<Mutable<ILogicalExpression>> satExprList = new ArrayList<Mutable<ILogicalExpression>>(1);
             satExprList.add(new MutableObject<ILogicalExpression>(eo2.first));
             s = new SelectOperator(new MutableObject<ILogicalExpression>(new ScalarFunctionCallExpression(
-                    FunctionUtils.getFunctionInfo(AlgebricksBuiltinFunctions.NOT), satExprList)));
+                    FunctionUtils.getFunctionInfo(AlgebricksBuiltinFunctions.NOT), satExprList)), false, null);
             s.getInputs().add(eo2.second);
             fAgg = AsterixBuiltinFunctions.makeAggregateFunctionExpression(AsterixBuiltinFunctions.EMPTY_STREAM,
                     new ArrayList<Mutable<ILogicalExpression>>());
@@ -864,7 +864,7 @@
     public Pair<ILogicalOperator, LogicalVariable> visitWhereClause(WhereClause w, Mutable<ILogicalOperator> tupSource)
             throws AsterixException {
         Pair<ILogicalExpression, Mutable<ILogicalOperator>> p = aqlExprToAlgExpression(w.getWhereExpr(), tupSource);
-        SelectOperator s = new SelectOperator(new MutableObject<ILogicalExpression>(p.first));
+        SelectOperator s = new SelectOperator(new MutableObject<ILogicalExpression>(p.first), false, null);
         s.getInputs().add(p.second);
 
         return new Pair<ILogicalOperator, LogicalVariable>(s, null);
diff --git a/asterix-app/data/twitter/tw_for_indexleftouterjoin.adm b/asterix-app/data/twitter/tw_for_indexleftouterjoin.adm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..405dd08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/data/twitter/tw_for_indexleftouterjoin.adm
@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+{ "tweetid": 1i64, "user": { "screen-name": "WardLoewentsein@340", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 11, "statuses-count": 388, "name": "Ward Loewentsein", "followers-count": 129 }, "sender-location": point("42.83,72.44"), "send-time": datetime("2009-10-21T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "t-mobile", "speed" }}, "message-text": " love t-mobile the speed is mind-blowing:)", "countA": 1, "countB": 26 }
+{ "tweetid": 2i64, "user": { "screen-name": "KyleGraham_120", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 55, "statuses-count": 231, "name": "Kyle Graham", "followers-count": 42 }, "sender-location": point("34.81,72.44"), "send-time": datetime("2011-09-23T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "samsung", "3G" }}, "message-text": " hate samsung the 3G is horrible", "countA": 2, "countB": 131 }
+{ "tweetid": 3i64, "user": { "screen-name": "TateGarneys@542", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 74, "statuses-count": 370, "name": "Tate Garneys", "followers-count": 111 }, "sender-location": point("24.54,82.66"), "send-time": datetime("2009-12-07T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "iphone", "shortcut-menu" }}, "message-text": " hate iphone the shortcut-menu is bad", "countA": 3, "countB": 187 }
+{ "tweetid": 4i64, "user": { "screen-name": "BuckFields@708", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 20, "statuses-count": 469, "name": "Buck Fields", "followers-count": 181 }, "sender-location": point("38.14,68.1"), "send-time": datetime("2008-10-24T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "samsung", "speed" }}, "message-text": " dislike samsung the speed is OMG", "countA": 4, "countB": 52 }
+{ "tweetid": 5i64, "user": { "screen-name": "NoreenBaldwin_373", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 89, "statuses-count": 144, "name": "Noreen Baldwin", "followers-count": 187 }, "sender-location": point("35.4,68.89"), "send-time": datetime("2008-10-05T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "motorola", "3G" }}, "message-text": " hate motorola its 3G is OMG:(", "countA": 5, "countB": 35 }
+{ "tweetid": 6i64, "user": { "screen-name": "IselaHatcher_237", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 85, "statuses-count": 333, "name": "Isela Hatcher", "followers-count": 148 }, "sender-location": point("42.75,78.5"), "send-time": datetime("2011-10-15T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "sprint", "wireless" }}, "message-text": " hate sprint the wireless is terrible:(", "countA": 6, "countB": 61 }
+{ "tweetid": 7i64, "user": { "screen-name": "NicolaJolce$660", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 45, "statuses-count": 420, "name": "Nicola Jolce", "followers-count": 12 }, "sender-location": point("48.16,71.59"), "send-time": datetime("2005-11-23T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "motorola", "voice-command" }}, "message-text": " like motorola its voice-command is amazing", "countA": 7, "countB": 47 }
+{ "tweetid": 8i64, "user": { "screen-name": "MorganKeppel_176", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 74, "statuses-count": 190, "name": "Morgan Keppel", "followers-count": 2 }, "sender-location": point("36.17,72.56"), "send-time": datetime("2011-12-02T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "verizon", "3G" }}, "message-text": " hate verizon the 3G is OMG:(", "countA": 8, "countB": 98 }
+{ "tweetid": 9i64, "user": { "screen-name": "GerardMcdonald$43", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 72, "statuses-count": 151, "name": "Gerard Mcdonald", "followers-count": 96 }, "sender-location": point("38.02,70.38"), "send-time": datetime("2005-10-01T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "sprint", "voice-clarity" }}, "message-text": " love sprint its voice-clarity is amazing", "countA": 9, "countB": 69 }
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+{ "tweetid": 212i64, "user": { "screen-name": "LizaMathews#376", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 40, "statuses-count": 107, "name": "Liza Mathews", "followers-count": 70 }, "sender-location": point("46.01,77.85"), "send-time": datetime("2009-07-20T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "verizon", "plan" }}, "message-text": " like verizon the plan is mind-blowing:)", "countA": 212, "countB": 189 }
+{ "tweetid": 213i64, "user": { "screen-name": "MylesRahl#433", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 51, "statuses-count": 144, "name": "Myles Rahl", "followers-count": 90 }, "sender-location": point("45.41,95.69"), "send-time": datetime("2006-04-03T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "verizon", "3G" }}, "message-text": " love verizon its 3G is mind-blowing:)", "countA": 213, "countB": 190 }
+{ "tweetid": 214i64, "user": { "screen-name": "BertEve@968", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 84, "statuses-count": 110, "name": "Bert Eve", "followers-count": 122 }, "sender-location": point("43.25,87.82"), "send-time": datetime("2009-11-07T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "at&t", "voice-command" }}, "message-text": " dislike at&t the voice-command is terrible:(", "countA": 214, "countB": 142 }
+{ "tweetid": 215i64, "user": { "screen-name": "MelissaLaurenzi_383", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 78, "statuses-count": 318, "name": "Melissa Laurenzi", "followers-count": 19 }, "sender-location": point("37.82,86.96"), "send-time": datetime("2010-05-14T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "iphone", "customer-service" }}, "message-text": " like iphone its customer-service is mind-blowing", "countA": 215, "countB": 67 }
+{ "tweetid": 216i64, "user": { "screen-name": "ReneaPennington#175", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 42, "statuses-count": 16, "name": "Renea Pennington", "followers-count": 52 }, "sender-location": point("39.06,78.62"), "send-time": datetime("2006-05-23T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "iphone", "3G" }}, "message-text": " dislike iphone its 3G is bad:(", "countA": 216, "countB": 50 }
+{ "tweetid": 217i64, "user": { "screen-name": "UrsulaMitchell@26", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 50, "statuses-count": 150, "name": "Ursula Mitchell", "followers-count": 191 }, "sender-location": point("34.02,71.3"), "send-time": datetime("2005-03-26T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "iphone", "customer-service" }}, "message-text": " like iphone its customer-service is awesome", "countA": 217, "countB": 154 }
+{ "tweetid": 218i64, "user": { "screen-name": "WillyLambert_669", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 6, "statuses-count": 44, "name": "Willy Lambert", "followers-count": 60 }, "sender-location": point("32.84,73.25"), "send-time": datetime("2011-10-04T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "verizon", "customization" }}, "message-text": " like verizon the customization is amazing", "countA": 218, "countB": 135 }
+{ "tweetid": 219i64, "user": { "screen-name": "ChristineLaurence_912", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 77, "statuses-count": 458, "name": "Christine Laurence", "followers-count": 166 }, "sender-location": point("35.39,90.54"), "send-time": datetime("2009-12-01T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "at&t", "customization" }}, "message-text": " like at&t the customization is awesome:)", "countA": 219, "countB": 170 }
+{ "tweetid": 220i64, "user": { "screen-name": "JedFiddler_540", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 11, "statuses-count": 264, "name": "Jed Fiddler", "followers-count": 48 }, "sender-location": point("44.11,91.45"), "send-time": datetime("2009-10-10T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "at&t", "voicemail-service" }}, "message-text": " like at&t its voicemail-service is awesome:)", "countA": 220, "countB": 188 }
+{ "tweetid": 221i64, "user": { "screen-name": "RubinMueller_263", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 7, "statuses-count": 374, "name": "Rubin Mueller", "followers-count": 77 }, "sender-location": point("25.65,78.68"), "send-time": datetime("2006-09-20T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "sprint", "signal" }}, "message-text": " love sprint its signal is amazing", "countA": 221, "countB": 185 }
+{ "tweetid": 222i64, "user": { "screen-name": "JeniWeldi#255", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 71, "statuses-count": 259, "name": "Jeni Weldi", "followers-count": 63 }, "sender-location": point("27.21,67.74"), "send-time": datetime("2009-11-24T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "iphone", "customization" }}, "message-text": " like iphone its customization is mind-blowing:)", "countA": 222, "countB": 51 }
+{ "tweetid": 223i64, "user": { "screen-name": "RochelleSaline@265", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 18, "statuses-count": 319, "name": "Rochelle Saline", "followers-count": 11 }, "sender-location": point("33.44,67.08"), "send-time": datetime("2007-10-23T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "iphone", "voice-command" }}, "message-text": " can't stand iphone its voice-command is OMG", "countA": 223, "countB": 84 }
+{ "tweetid": 224i64, "user": { "screen-name": "TabbyEckhardstein@204", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 5, "statuses-count": 207, "name": "Tabby Eckhardstein", "followers-count": 5 }, "sender-location": point("24.33,84.9"), "send-time": datetime("2005-02-01T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "samsung", "speed" }}, "message-text": " hate samsung its speed is horrible", "countA": 224, "countB": 192 }
+{ "tweetid": 225i64, "user": { "screen-name": "FranklynBurns$23", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 73, "statuses-count": 475, "name": "Franklyn Burns", "followers-count": 131 }, "sender-location": point("26.5,94.14"), "send-time": datetime("2007-08-19T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "motorola", "reachability" }}, "message-text": " love motorola its reachability is good", "countA": 225, "countB": 65 }
+{ "tweetid": 226i64, "user": { "screen-name": "CorianderFischer#204", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 4, "statuses-count": 205, "name": "Coriander Fischer", "followers-count": 30 }, "sender-location": point("46.59,73.39"), "send-time": datetime("2010-03-13T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "motorola", "reachability" }}, "message-text": " can't stand motorola its reachability is horrible", "countA": 226, "countB": 73 }
+{ "tweetid": 227i64, "user": { "screen-name": "EmikoBarth$856", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 28, "statuses-count": 7, "name": "Emiko Barth", "followers-count": 98 }, "sender-location": point("42.43,97.13"), "send-time": datetime("2005-03-23T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "verizon", "reachability" }}, "message-text": " can't stand verizon the reachability is bad:(", "countA": 227, "countB": 184 }
+{ "tweetid": 228i64, "user": { "screen-name": "LavoneStroh$831", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 53, "statuses-count": 2, "name": "Lavone Stroh", "followers-count": 44 }, "sender-location": point("32.04,66.17"), "send-time": datetime("2011-04-25T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "t-mobile", "touch-screen" }}, "message-text": " love t-mobile its touch-screen is awesome:)", "countA": 228, "countB": 38 }
+{ "tweetid": 229i64, "user": { "screen-name": "ShantelLaurence@745", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 78, "statuses-count": 195, "name": "Shantel Laurence", "followers-count": 124 }, "sender-location": point("46.58,97.58"), "send-time": datetime("2007-12-02T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "iphone", "wireless" }}, "message-text": " love iphone its wireless is awesome:)", "countA": 229, "countB": 26 }
+{ "tweetid": 230i64, "user": { "screen-name": "PiedadMosser@971", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 84, "statuses-count": 80, "name": "Piedad Mosser", "followers-count": 198 }, "sender-location": point("40.44,70.59"), "send-time": datetime("2005-06-27T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "motorola", "wireless" }}, "message-text": " hate motorola the wireless is bad", "countA": 230, "countB": 46 }
+{ "tweetid": 231i64, "user": { "screen-name": "CorrieHindman$963", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 54, "statuses-count": 78, "name": "Corrie Hindman", "followers-count": 180 }, "sender-location": point("26.04,77.36"), "send-time": datetime("2012-03-07T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "sprint", "wireless" }}, "message-text": " like sprint its wireless is mind-blowing:)", "countA": 231, "countB": 77 }
+{ "tweetid": 232i64, "user": { "screen-name": "DignaPorter_932", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 63, "statuses-count": 278, "name": "Digna Porter", "followers-count": 139 }, "sender-location": point("41.76,97.51"), "send-time": datetime("2009-12-01T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "t-mobile", "signal" }}, "message-text": " love t-mobile the signal is mind-blowing:)", "countA": 232, "countB": 85 }
+{ "tweetid": 233i64, "user": { "screen-name": "TerrellStoddard@17", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 74, "statuses-count": 3, "name": "Terrell Stoddard", "followers-count": 35 }, "sender-location": point("34.89,73.83"), "send-time": datetime("2007-01-28T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "at&t", "touch-screen" }}, "message-text": " can't stand at&t the touch-screen is terrible", "countA": 233, "countB": 28 }
+{ "tweetid": 234i64, "user": { "screen-name": "EzraField#602", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 7, "statuses-count": 41, "name": "Ezra Field", "followers-count": 169 }, "sender-location": point("26.51,74.01"), "send-time": datetime("2011-03-06T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "motorola", "speed" }}, "message-text": " love motorola the speed is good", "countA": 234, "countB": 94 }
+{ "tweetid": 235i64, "user": { "screen-name": "NathanielWentzel$505", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 40, "statuses-count": 178, "name": "Nathaniel Wentzel", "followers-count": 83 }, "sender-location": point("47.03,84.5"), "send-time": datetime("2007-07-02T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "motorola", "voice-clarity" }}, "message-text": " hate motorola its voice-clarity is bad", "countA": 235, "countB": 53 }
+{ "tweetid": 236i64, "user": { "screen-name": "AlanePycroft$112", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 61, "statuses-count": 222, "name": "Alane Pycroft", "followers-count": 125 }, "sender-location": point("31.82,81.86"), "send-time": datetime("2010-09-09T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "at&t", "platform" }}, "message-text": " like at&t its platform is amazing:)", "countA": 236, "countB": 133 }
+{ "tweetid": 237i64, "user": { "screen-name": "EliseoMunson$584", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 21, "statuses-count": 353, "name": "Eliseo Munson", "followers-count": 9 }, "sender-location": point("39.12,74.86"), "send-time": datetime("2011-05-02T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "sprint", "speed" }}, "message-text": " hate sprint its speed is terrible", "countA": 237, "countB": 100 }
+{ "tweetid": 238i64, "user": { "screen-name": "LupeCram@152", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 89, "statuses-count": 57, "name": "Lupe Cram", "followers-count": 51 }, "sender-location": point("40.34,71.58"), "send-time": datetime("2010-12-13T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "samsung", "platform" }}, "message-text": " like samsung the platform is amazing", "countA": 238, "countB": 47 }
+{ "tweetid": 239i64, "user": { "screen-name": "AuroraChristman#544", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 96, "statuses-count": 435, "name": "Aurora Christman", "followers-count": 88 }, "sender-location": point("35.44,67.79"), "send-time": datetime("2009-08-11T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "t-mobile", "signal" }}, "message-text": " love t-mobile the signal is mind-blowing", "countA": 239, "countB": 114 }
+{ "tweetid": 240i64, "user": { "screen-name": "JermainePotter_329", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 20, "statuses-count": 85, "name": "Jermaine Potter", "followers-count": 177 }, "sender-location": point("35.26,90.47"), "send-time": datetime("2012-04-17T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "t-mobile", "network" }}, "message-text": " like t-mobile its network is mind-blowing:)", "countA": 240, "countB": 104 }
+{ "tweetid": 241i64, "user": { "screen-name": "KaetyHall$972", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 23, "statuses-count": 416, "name": "Kaety Hall", "followers-count": 87 }, "sender-location": point("25.06,93.28"), "send-time": datetime("2011-02-13T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "verizon", "network" }}, "message-text": " can't stand verizon its network is bad:(", "countA": 241, "countB": 45 }
+{ "tweetid": 242i64, "user": { "screen-name": "LaurenChristopher#195", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 12, "statuses-count": 149, "name": "Lauren Christopher", "followers-count": 183 }, "sender-location": point("24.03,79.65"), "send-time": datetime("2012-05-22T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "t-mobile", "touch-screen" }}, "message-text": " love t-mobile the touch-screen is amazing", "countA": 242, "countB": 179 }
+{ "tweetid": 243i64, "user": { "screen-name": "KoreyBonner$296", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 56, "statuses-count": 412, "name": "Korey Bonner", "followers-count": 190 }, "sender-location": point("42.54,97.81"), "send-time": datetime("2006-10-07T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "iphone", "touch-screen" }}, "message-text": " like iphone its touch-screen is amazing:)", "countA": 243, "countB": 176 }
+{ "tweetid": 244i64, "user": { "screen-name": "LaetitiaWise@568", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 87, "statuses-count": 363, "name": "Laetitia Wise", "followers-count": 49 }, "sender-location": point("39.34,70.46"), "send-time": datetime("2010-11-25T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "iphone", "voicemail-service" }}, "message-text": " hate iphone its voicemail-service is terrible", "countA": 244, "countB": 150 }
+{ "tweetid": 245i64, "user": { "screen-name": "PatricaKellogg@123", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 4, "statuses-count": 80, "name": "Patrica Kellogg", "followers-count": 47 }, "sender-location": point("34.06,84.02"), "send-time": datetime("2005-05-27T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "sprint", "touch-screen" }}, "message-text": " hate sprint its touch-screen is bad:(", "countA": 245, "countB": 83 }
+{ "tweetid": 246i64, "user": { "screen-name": "AdelleSwink$50", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 64, "statuses-count": 411, "name": "Adelle Swink", "followers-count": 165 }, "sender-location": point("28.66,71.42"), "send-time": datetime("2007-04-11T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "sprint", "plan" }}, "message-text": " can't stand sprint the plan is horrible", "countA": 246, "countB": 128 }
+{ "tweetid": 247i64, "user": { "screen-name": "MckennaAlbright$534", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 94, "statuses-count": 374, "name": "Mckenna Albright", "followers-count": 61 }, "sender-location": point("45.26,93.62"), "send-time": datetime("2011-11-12T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "sprint", "speed" }}, "message-text": " can't stand sprint the speed is OMG", "countA": 247, "countB": 194 }
+{ "tweetid": 248i64, "user": { "screen-name": "MerryReade$689", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 41, "statuses-count": 172, "name": "Merry Reade", "followers-count": 105 }, "sender-location": point("42.21,81.81"), "send-time": datetime("2009-08-18T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "verizon", "wireless" }}, "message-text": " like verizon its wireless is amazing", "countA": 248, "countB": 123 }
+{ "tweetid": 249i64, "user": { "screen-name": "CoryGoldvogel$187", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 91, "statuses-count": 359, "name": "Cory Goldvogel", "followers-count": 20 }, "sender-location": point("39.94,83.42"), "send-time": datetime("2005-09-11T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "verizon", "plan" }}, "message-text": " dislike verizon its plan is bad:(", "countA": 249, "countB": 163 }
+{ "tweetid": 250i64, "user": { "screen-name": "RoystonRummel@500", "lang": "en", "friends-count": 34, "statuses-count": 154, "name": "Royston Rummel", "followers-count": 146 }, "sender-location": point("40.73,72.93"), "send-time": datetime("2005-11-20T10:10:00.000Z"), "referred-topics": {{ "samsung", "touch-screen" }}, "message-text": " love samsung its touch-screen is amazing:)", "countA": 250, "countB": 125 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/file/SecondaryIndexOperationsHelper.java b/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/file/SecondaryIndexOperationsHelper.java
index f2a8438..ca049a6 100644
--- a/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/file/SecondaryIndexOperationsHelper.java
+++ b/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/file/SecondaryIndexOperationsHelper.java
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@
                         mergePolicyFactory, mergePolicyFactoryProperties, new PrimaryIndexOperationTrackerProvider(
                                 dataset.getDatasetId()), AsterixRuntimeComponentsProvider.RUNTIME_PROVIDER,
                         LSMBTreeIOOperationCallbackFactory.INSTANCE,
-                        storageProperties.getBloomFilterFalsePositiveRate(), true), false, searchCallbackFactory);
+                        storageProperties.getBloomFilterFalsePositiveRate(), true), false, false, null, searchCallbackFactory);
         AlgebricksPartitionConstraintHelper.setPartitionConstraintInJobSpec(spec, primarySearchOp,
                 primaryPartitionConstraint);
         return primarySearchOp;
@@ -402,7 +402,7 @@
         }
         StreamSelectRuntimeFactory select = new StreamSelectRuntimeFactory(
                 new LogicalExpressionJobGenToExpressionRuntimeProviderAdapter.ScalarEvaluatorFactoryAdapter(selectCond),
-                null, AqlBinaryBooleanInspectorImpl.FACTORY);
+                null, AqlBinaryBooleanInspectorImpl.FACTORY, false, -1, null);
         AlgebricksMetaOperatorDescriptor asterixSelectOp = new AlgebricksMetaOperatorDescriptor(spec, 1, 1,
                 new IPushRuntimeFactory[] { select }, new RecordDescriptor[] { secondaryRecDesc });
         AlgebricksPartitionConstraintHelper.setPartitionConstraintInJobSpec(spec, asterixSelectOp,
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/btree-index-join/leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx_01.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/btree-index-join/leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx_01.aql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..25818a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/btree-index-join/leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx_01.aql
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * Description  : Test that left-outer-join may use two available indexes, one for primary index in prob subtree and another for secondary btree index in index subtree.
+ * Issue        : 730, 741                 
+ * Expected Res : Success
+ * Date         : 8th May 2014
+ */
+
+drop dataverse test if exists;
+create dataverse test;
+use dataverse test;
+
+create type TwitterUserType as closed {
+	screen-name: string,
+	lang: string,
+	friends-count: int32,
+	statuses-count: int32,
+	name: string,
+	followers-count: int32
+} 
+
+create type TweetMessageType as closed {
+	tweetid: int64,
+        user: TwitterUserType,
+        sender-location: point,
+	send-time: datetime,
+        referred-topics: {{ string }},
+	message-text: string,
+	countA: int32,
+	countB: int32
+}
+
+create dataset TweetMessages(TweetMessageType)
+primary key tweetid;
+
+create index twmSndLocIx on TweetMessages(sender-location) type rtree;
+create index msgCountAIx on TweetMessages(countA) type btree;
+create index msgCountBIx on TweetMessages(countB) type btree;
+create index msgTextIx on TweetMessages(message-text) type keyword;
+
+write output to nc1:"rttest/btree-index-join_leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx_01.adm";
+
+for $t1 in dataset('TweetMessages')
+where $t1.tweetid < int64("10")
+order by $t1.tweetid
+return {
+"tweetid1": $t1.tweetid,
+"count1":$t1.countA,
+"t2info": for $t2 in dataset('TweetMessages') 
+          where $t1.countA /* +indexnl */= $t2.countB
+          order by $t2.tweetid 
+          return {"tweetid2": $t2.tweetid,
+                  "count2":$t2.countB}
+};
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/btree-index-join/leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx_02.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/btree-index-join/leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx_02.aql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..70a31e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/btree-index-join/leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx_02.aql
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*
+ * Description  : Test that left-outer-join may use two available indexes, one for primary index in prob subtree and another for secondary btree index in index subtree.
+ * Issue        : 730, 741                 
+ * Expected Res : Success
+ * Date         : 8th May 2014
+ */
+
+drop dataverse test if exists;
+create dataverse test;
+use dataverse test;
+
+create type TwitterUserType as closed {
+	screen-name: string,
+	lang: string,
+	friends-count: int32,
+	statuses-count: int32,
+	name: string,
+	followers-count: int32
+} 
+
+create type TweetMessageType as closed {
+	tweetid: int64,
+        user: TwitterUserType,
+        sender-location: point,
+	send-time: datetime,
+        referred-topics: {{ string }},
+	message-text: string,
+	countA: int32,
+	countB: int32
+}
+
+create dataset TweetMessages(TweetMessageType)
+primary key tweetid;
+
+create index twmSndLocIx on TweetMessages(sender-location) type rtree;
+create index msgCountAIx on TweetMessages(countA) type btree;
+create index msgCountBIx on TweetMessages(countB) type btree;
+create index msgTextIx on TweetMessages(message-text) type keyword;
+
+write output to nc1:"rttest/btree-index-join_leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx_02.adm";
+
+for $t1 in dataset('TweetMessages')
+where $t1.tweetid < int64("10")
+order by $t1.tweetid
+return {
+"tweetid1": $t1.tweetid,
+"count1":$t1.countA,
+"t2info": for $t2 in dataset('TweetMessages') 
+                        where $t1.countA /* +indexnl */= $t2.countB and
+                        $t1.tweetid != $t2.tweetid
+                        order by $t2.tweetid 
+                        return {"tweetid2": $t2.tweetid,
+                                       "count2":$t2.countB}
+};
+
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/inverted-index-join/issue741.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/inverted-index-join/issue741.aql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7402ec9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/inverted-index-join/issue741.aql
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+ * Description  : Test that left-outer-join may use an available inverted index in index subtree.
+ * Issue        : 741              
+ * Expected Res : Success
+ * Date         : 16th May 2014
+ */
+
+drop dataverse test if exists;
+create dataverse test;
+use dataverse test;
+
+create type TwitterUserType as {
+screen_name: string,
+lang: string,
+friends_count: int32,
+statuses_count: int32,
+name: string,
+followers_count: int32
+}
+
+create type TweetMessageType as {
+tweetid: int64,     
+user: TwitterUserType,
+sender_location: point?,
+send_time: datetime,
+referred_topics: {{ string }},
+message_text: string
+}
+
+create dataset TweetMessages(TweetMessageType) primary key tweetid;
+
+create index topicIIx on TweetMessages(referred_topics) type keyword;
+
+write output to nc1:"rttest/inverted-index-join_issue741.adm";
+
+for $t in dataset('TweetMessages')
+where $t.send_time >= datetime('2011-06-18T14:10:17')
+and 
+$t.send_time < datetime('2011-06-18T15:10:17')
+return {                     
+    "tweet": $t.tweetid,               
+    "similar-tweets": for $t2 in dataset('TweetMessages')
+                      let $sim := similarity-jaccard-check($t.referred_topics, $t2.referred_topics, 0.6f)
+		      where $sim[0] and 
+                      $t2.tweetid != $t.tweetid
+                      return $t2.tweetid
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/inverted-index-join/leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-edit-distance-check-idx_01.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/inverted-index-join/leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-edit-distance-check-idx_01.aql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7adbf3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/inverted-index-join/leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-edit-distance-check-idx_01.aql
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*
+ * Description  : Test that left-outer-join may use two available indexes, one for primary index in prob subtree and another for secondary rtree index in index subtree.
+ * Issue        : 730, 741                 
+ * Expected Res : Success
+ * Date         : 8th May 2014
+ */
+
+drop dataverse test if exists;
+create dataverse test;
+use dataverse test;
+
+create type TwitterUserType as closed {
+	screen-name: string,
+	lang: string,
+	friends-count: int32,
+	statuses-count: int32,
+	name: string,
+	followers-count: int32
+} 
+
+create type TweetMessageType as closed {
+	tweetid: int64,
+        user: TwitterUserType,
+        sender-location: point,
+	send-time: datetime,
+        referred-topics: {{ string }},
+	message-text: string,
+	countA: int32,
+	countB: int32
+}
+
+create dataset TweetMessages(TweetMessageType)
+primary key tweetid;
+
+create index twmSndLocIx on TweetMessages(sender-location) type rtree;
+create index msgCountAIx on TweetMessages(countA) type btree;
+create index msgCountBIx on TweetMessages(countB) type btree;
+create index msgKeywordIx on TweetMessages(message-text) type keyword;
+create index msgNgramIx on TweetMessages(message-text) type ngram(3);
+create index topicKeywordIx on TweetMessages(referred-topics) type keyword;
+
+write output to nc1:"rttest/inverted-index-join_leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-edit-distance-check_idx_01.adm";
+
+for $t1 in dataset('TweetMessages')
+where $t1.tweetid > int64("240")
+order by $t1.tweetid
+return {
+    "tweet": {"id": $t1.tweetid, "topics" : $t1.message-text} ,             
+    "similar-tweets": for $t2 in dataset('TweetMessages')
+                      let $sim := edit-distance-check($t1.message-text, $t2.message-text, 7)
+		      where $sim[0] and 
+                      $t2.tweetid != $t1.tweetid
+                      order by $t2.tweetid
+                      return {"id": $t2.tweetid, "topics" : $t2.message-text}
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/inverted-index-join/leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-jaccard-check-idx_01.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/inverted-index-join/leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-jaccard-check-idx_01.aql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7cd179
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/inverted-index-join/leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-jaccard-check-idx_01.aql
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*
+ * Description  : Test that left-outer-join may use two available indexes, one for primary index in prob subtree and another for secondary rtree index in index subtree.
+ * Issue        : 730, 741                 
+ * Expected Res : Success
+ * Date         : 8th May 2014
+ */
+
+drop dataverse test if exists;
+create dataverse test;
+use dataverse test;
+
+create type TwitterUserType as closed {
+	screen-name: string,
+	lang: string,
+	friends-count: int32,
+	statuses-count: int32,
+	name: string,
+	followers-count: int32
+} 
+
+create type TweetMessageType as closed {
+	tweetid: int64,
+        user: TwitterUserType,
+        sender-location: point,
+	send-time: datetime,
+        referred-topics: {{ string }},
+	message-text: string,
+	countA: int32,
+	countB: int32
+}
+
+create dataset TweetMessages(TweetMessageType)
+primary key tweetid;
+
+create index twmSndLocIx on TweetMessages(sender-location) type rtree;
+create index msgCountAIx on TweetMessages(countA) type btree;
+create index msgCountBIx on TweetMessages(countB) type btree;
+create index msgKeywordIx on TweetMessages(message-text) type keyword;
+create index msgNgramIx on TweetMessages(message-text) type ngram(3);
+create index topicKeywordIx on TweetMessages(referred-topics) type keyword;
+
+write output to nc1:"rttest/inverted-index-join_leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-jaccard-check_idx_01.adm";
+
+for $t1 in dataset('TweetMessages')
+where $t1.tweetid > int64("240")
+order by $t1.tweetid
+return {
+    "tweet": {"id": $t1.tweetid, "topics" : $t1.referred-topics} ,             
+    "similar-tweets": for $t2 in dataset('TweetMessages')
+                      let $sim := similarity-jaccard-check($t1.referred-topics, $t2.referred-topics, 0.5f)
+		      where $sim[0] and 
+                      $t2.tweetid != $t1.tweetid
+                      order by $t2.tweetid
+                      return {"id": $t2.tweetid, "topics" : $t2.referred-topics}
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/inverted-index-join/ngram-contains.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/inverted-index-join/ngram-contains.aql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..676ed3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/inverted-index-join/ngram-contains.aql
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+ * Description    : Tests whether an ngram_index is applied to optimize a join query using the contains function.
+ *                  The index should be applied.
+ * Success        : Yes
+ */
+
+drop dataverse test if exists;
+create dataverse test;
+use dataverse test;
+
+create type DBLPType as closed {
+  id: int32, 
+  dblpid: string,
+  title: string,
+  authors: string,
+  misc: string
+}
+
+create dataset DBLP(DBLPType) primary key id;
+
+create index ngram_index on DBLP(title) type ngram(3);
+
+write output to nc1:"rttest/inverted-index-join_ngram-contains.adm";
+
+drop dataverse test if exists;
+create dataverse test;
+use dataverse test;
+
+create type DBLPType as closed {
+  id: int32, 
+  dblpid: string,
+  title: string,
+  authors: string,
+  misc: string
+}
+
+create dataset DBLP(DBLPType) primary key id;
+
+create index ngram_index on DBLP(title) type ngram(3);
+
+write output to nc1:"rttest/inverted-index-join_ngram-contains.adm";
+
+for $o1 in dataset('DBLP')
+for $o2 in dataset('DBLP')
+where contains($o1.title, $o2.title) and $o1.id < $o2.id
+order by $o1.id, $o2.id
+return {"title1":$o1.title, "title2":$o2.title}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/inverted-index-join/word-jaccard-check-after-btree-access.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/inverted-index-join/word-jaccard-check-after-btree-access.aql
index d656045..f58f6bc 100644
--- a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/inverted-index-join/word-jaccard-check-after-btree-access.aql
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/inverted-index-join/word-jaccard-check-after-btree-access.aql
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 
 for $t1 in dataset('TweetMessages')
 for $t2 in dataset('TweetMessages')
-let $sim := similarity-jaccard-check($t1.message-text, $t2.message-text, 0.6f)
+let $sim := similarity-jaccard-check(word-tokens($t1.message-text), word-tokens($t2.message-text), 0.6f)
 where $sim[0] and $t1.tweetid < int64("20") and $t2.tweetid != $t1.tweetid
 return {
     "t1": $t1.tweetid,
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/rtree-index-join/issue730.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/rtree-index-join/issue730.aql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e67d702
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/rtree-index-join/issue730.aql
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Description  : Test that left-outer-join may use an available rtree index in index subtree.
+ * Issue        : 730              
+ * Expected Res : Success
+ * Date         : 8th May 2014
+ */
+
+drop dataverse test if exists;
+create dataverse test;
+use dataverse test;
+
+create type TwitterUserType as {
+screen_name: string,
+lang: string,
+friends_count: int32,
+statuses_count: int32,
+name: string,
+followers_count: int32
+}
+
+create type TweetMessageType as {
+tweetid: int64,     
+user: TwitterUserType,
+sender_location: point?,
+send_time: datetime,
+referred_topics: {{ string }},
+message_text: string
+}
+
+create dataset TweetMessages(TweetMessageType) primary key tweetid;
+
+create index twmSndLocIx on TweetMessages(sender_location) type rtree;
+
+write output to nc1:"rttest/rtree-index-join_issue730.adm";
+
+for $t1 in dataset('TweetMessages')
+where $t1.send_time >= datetime('2011-06-18T14:10:17') and $t1.send_time < datetime('2011-06-18T15:10:17')
+let $n :=  create-circle($t1.sender_location, 5.0)
+return {
+"message": $t1.tweetid,
+"nearby-message": for $t2 in dataset('TweetMessages')
+                             where spatial-intersect($t2.sender_location, $n)
+                             return $t2.tweetid
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/rtree-index-join/leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx_01.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/rtree-index-join/leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx_01.aql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b72850
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/rtree-index-join/leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx_01.aql
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * Description  : Test that left-outer-join may use two available indexes, one for primary index in prob subtree and another for secondary rtree index in index subtree.
+ * Issue        : 730, 741                 
+ * Expected Res : Success
+ * Date         : 8th May 2014
+ */
+
+drop dataverse test if exists;
+create dataverse test;
+use dataverse test;
+
+create type TwitterUserType as closed {
+	screen-name: string,
+	lang: string,
+	friends-count: int32,
+	statuses-count: int32,
+	name: string,
+	followers-count: int32
+} 
+
+create type TweetMessageType as closed {
+	tweetid: int64,
+        user: TwitterUserType,
+        sender-location: point,
+	send-time: datetime,
+        referred-topics: {{ string }},
+	message-text: string,
+	countA: int32,
+	countB: int32
+}
+
+create dataset TweetMessages(TweetMessageType)
+primary key tweetid;
+
+create index twmSndLocIx on TweetMessages(sender-location) type rtree;
+create index msgCountAIx on TweetMessages(countA) type btree;
+create index msgCountBIx on TweetMessages(countB) type btree;
+create index msgTextIx on TweetMessages(message-text) type keyword;
+
+write output to nc1:"rttest/rtree-index-join_leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx_01.adm";
+
+for $t1 in dataset('TweetMessages')
+let $n :=  create-circle($t1.sender-location, 0.5)
+where $t1.tweetid < int64("10")
+order by $t1.tweetid
+return {
+"tweetid1": $t1.tweetid,
+"loc1":$t1.sender-location,
+"nearby-message": for $t2 in dataset('TweetMessages')
+                             where spatial-intersect($t2.sender-location, $n) 
+                             order by $t2.tweetid 
+                             return {"tweetid2":$t2.tweetid, "loc2":$t2.sender-location}
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/rtree-index-join/leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx_02.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/rtree-index-join/leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx_02.aql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d71faad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/rtree-index-join/leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx_02.aql
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * Description  : Test that left-outer-join may use two available indexes, one for primary index in prob subtree and another for secondary rtree index in index subtree.
+ * Issue        : 730, 741                 
+ * Expected Res : Success
+ * Date         : 8th May 2014
+ */
+
+drop dataverse test if exists;
+create dataverse test;
+use dataverse test;
+
+create type TwitterUserType as closed {
+	screen-name: string,
+	lang: string,
+	friends-count: int32,
+	statuses-count: int32,
+	name: string,
+	followers-count: int32
+} 
+
+create type TweetMessageType as closed {
+	tweetid: int64,
+        user: TwitterUserType,
+        sender-location: point,
+	send-time: datetime,
+        referred-topics: {{ string }},
+	message-text: string,
+	countA: int32,
+	countB: int32
+}
+
+create dataset TweetMessages(TweetMessageType)
+primary key tweetid;
+
+create index twmSndLocIx on TweetMessages(sender-location) type rtree;
+create index msgCountAIx on TweetMessages(countA) type btree;
+create index msgCountBIx on TweetMessages(countB) type btree;
+create index msgTextIx on TweetMessages(message-text) type keyword;
+
+write output to nc1:"rttest/rtree-index-join_leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx_02.adm";
+
+for $t1 in dataset('TweetMessages')
+let $n :=  create-circle($t1.sender-location, 0.5)
+where $t1.tweetid < int64("10")
+order by $t1.tweetid
+return {
+"tweetid1": $t1.tweetid,
+"loc1":$t1.sender-location,
+"nearby-message": for $t2 in dataset('TweetMessages')
+                             where spatial-intersect($t2.sender-location, $n) and $t1.tweetid != $t2.tweetid 
+                             order by $t2.tweetid 
+                             return {"tweetid2":$t2.tweetid, "loc2":$t2.sender-location}
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/btree-index-join/leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx_01.plan b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/btree-index-join/leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx_01.plan
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ddcbf08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/btree-index-join/leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx_01.plan
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+-- DISTRIBUTE_RESULT  |PARTITIONED|
+  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+    -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+      -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+        -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+          -- SORT_MERGE_EXCHANGE [$$28(ASC) ]  |PARTITIONED|
+            -- STABLE_SORT [$$28(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+              -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                -- PRE_CLUSTERED_GROUP_BY[$$24]  |PARTITIONED|
+                        {
+                          -- AGGREGATE  |LOCAL|
+                            -- STREAM_SELECT  |LOCAL|
+                              -- NESTED_TUPLE_SOURCE  |LOCAL|
+                        }
+                  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                    -- STABLE_SORT [$$24(ASC), $$21(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+                      -- HASH_PARTITION_EXCHANGE [$$24]  |PARTITIONED|
+                        -- STREAM_SELECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                          -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                            -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                              -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                  -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                                    -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                      -- STABLE_SORT [$$36(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+                                        -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                          -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                            -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                              -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                -- BROADCAST_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                  -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                    -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                      -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                        -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                          -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                            -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                              -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                                -- EMPTY_TUPLE_SOURCE  |PARTITIONED|
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/btree-index-join/leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx_02.plan b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/btree-index-join/leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx_02.plan
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48f4d02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/btree-index-join/leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx_02.plan
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+-- DISTRIBUTE_RESULT  |PARTITIONED|
+  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+    -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+      -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+        -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+          -- SORT_MERGE_EXCHANGE [$$33(ASC) ]  |PARTITIONED|
+            -- STABLE_SORT [$$33(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+              -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                -- PRE_CLUSTERED_GROUP_BY[$$29]  |PARTITIONED|
+                        {
+                          -- AGGREGATE  |LOCAL|
+                            -- STREAM_SELECT  |LOCAL|
+                              -- NESTED_TUPLE_SOURCE  |LOCAL|
+                        }
+                  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                    -- STABLE_SORT [$$29(ASC), $$25(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+                      -- HASH_PARTITION_EXCHANGE [$$29]  |PARTITIONED|
+                        -- STREAM_SELECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                          -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                            -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                              -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                  -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                                    -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                      -- STABLE_SORT [$$41(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+                                        -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                          -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                            -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                              -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                -- BROADCAST_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                  -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                    -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                      -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                        -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                          -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                            -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                              -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                                -- EMPTY_TUPLE_SOURCE  |PARTITIONED|
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/inverted-index-join/issue741.plan b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/inverted-index-join/issue741.plan
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55a81d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/inverted-index-join/issue741.plan
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+-- DISTRIBUTE_RESULT  |PARTITIONED|
+  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+    -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+      -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+        -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+          -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+            -- PRE_CLUSTERED_GROUP_BY[$$29]  |PARTITIONED|
+                    {
+                      -- AGGREGATE  |LOCAL|
+                        -- STREAM_SELECT  |LOCAL|
+                          -- NESTED_TUPLE_SOURCE  |LOCAL|
+                    }
+              -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                -- STABLE_SORT [$$29(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+                  -- HASH_PARTITION_EXCHANGE [$$29]  |PARTITIONED|
+                    -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                      -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                        -- HYBRID_HASH_JOIN [$$37][$$29]  |PARTITIONED|
+                          -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                            -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                              -- STREAM_SELECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                  -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                    -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                      -- DATASOURCE_SCAN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                        -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                          -- EMPTY_TUPLE_SOURCE  |PARTITIONED|
+                          -- HASH_PARTITION_EXCHANGE [$$29]  |PARTITIONED|
+                            -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                              -- STREAM_SELECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                    -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                                      -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                        -- STABLE_SORT [$$40(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+                                          -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                            -- LENGTH_PARTITIONED_INVERTED_INDEX_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                                              -- BROADCAST_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                  -- STREAM_SELECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                    -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                      -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                        -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                          -- DATASOURCE_SCAN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                            -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                              -- EMPTY_TUPLE_SOURCE  |PARTITIONED|
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/inverted-index-join/leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-edit-distance-check-idx_01.plan b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/inverted-index-join/leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-edit-distance-check-idx_01.plan
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c132181
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/inverted-index-join/leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-edit-distance-check-idx_01.plan
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+-- DISTRIBUTE_RESULT  |PARTITIONED|
+  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+    -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+      -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+        -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+          -- SORT_MERGE_EXCHANGE [$$36(ASC) ]  |PARTITIONED|
+            -- STABLE_SORT [$$36(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+              -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                -- PRE_CLUSTERED_GROUP_BY[$$32]  |PARTITIONED|
+                        {
+                          -- AGGREGATE  |LOCAL|
+                            -- STREAM_SELECT  |LOCAL|
+                              -- NESTED_TUPLE_SOURCE  |LOCAL|
+                        }
+                  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                    -- STABLE_SORT [$$32(ASC), $$28(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+                      -- HASH_PARTITION_EXCHANGE [$$32]  |PARTITIONED|
+                        -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                          -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                            -- HYBRID_HASH_JOIN [$$45][$$32]  |PARTITIONED|
+                              -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                    -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                                      -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                        -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                          -- EMPTY_TUPLE_SOURCE  |PARTITIONED|
+                              -- HASH_PARTITION_EXCHANGE [$$32]  |PARTITIONED|
+                                -- UNION_ALL  |PARTITIONED|
+                                  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                    -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                      -- STREAM_SELECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                        -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                          -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                            -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                              -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                    -- STABLE_SORT [$$52(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                      -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                        -- LENGTH_PARTITIONED_INVERTED_INDEX_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                          -- BROADCAST_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                            -- STREAM_SELECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                              -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                                -- SPLIT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                                  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                                    -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                                      -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                                        -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                                          -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                                            -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                                              -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                                                -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                                                  -- EMPTY_TUPLE_SOURCE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                    -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                      -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                        -- NESTED_LOOP  |PARTITIONED|
+                                          -- BROADCAST_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                            -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                              -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                  -- DATASOURCE_SCAN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                    -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                      -- EMPTY_TUPLE_SOURCE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                          -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                            -- STREAM_SELECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                              -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                -- SPLIT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                    -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                      -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                        -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                          -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                            -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                              -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                                -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                                  -- EMPTY_TUPLE_SOURCE  |PARTITIONED|
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/inverted-index-join/leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-jaccard-check-idx_01.plan b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/inverted-index-join/leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-jaccard-check-idx_01.plan
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3252899
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/inverted-index-join/leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-jaccard-check-idx_01.plan
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+-- DISTRIBUTE_RESULT  |PARTITIONED|
+  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+    -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+      -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+        -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+          -- SORT_MERGE_EXCHANGE [$$36(ASC) ]  |PARTITIONED|
+            -- STABLE_SORT [$$36(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+              -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                -- PRE_CLUSTERED_GROUP_BY[$$32]  |PARTITIONED|
+                        {
+                          -- AGGREGATE  |LOCAL|
+                            -- STREAM_SELECT  |LOCAL|
+                              -- NESTED_TUPLE_SOURCE  |LOCAL|
+                        }
+                  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                    -- STABLE_SORT [$$32(ASC), $$28(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+                      -- HASH_PARTITION_EXCHANGE [$$32]  |PARTITIONED|
+                        -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                          -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                            -- HYBRID_HASH_JOIN [$$45][$$32]  |PARTITIONED|
+                              -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                    -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                                      -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                        -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                          -- EMPTY_TUPLE_SOURCE  |PARTITIONED|
+                              -- HASH_PARTITION_EXCHANGE [$$32]  |PARTITIONED|
+                                -- STREAM_SELECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                  -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                    -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                      -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                        -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                          -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                                            -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                              -- STABLE_SORT [$$48(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                  -- LENGTH_PARTITIONED_INVERTED_INDEX_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                    -- BROADCAST_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                      -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                        -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                          -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                            -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                              -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                                -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                                  -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                                    -- EMPTY_TUPLE_SOURCE  |PARTITIONED|
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/inverted-index-join/ngram-contains.plan b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/inverted-index-join/ngram-contains.plan
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d030ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/inverted-index-join/ngram-contains.plan
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+-- DISTRIBUTE_RESULT  |PARTITIONED|
+  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+    -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+      -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+        -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+          -- SORT_MERGE_EXCHANGE [$$18(ASC), $$19(ASC) ]  |PARTITIONED|
+            -- STABLE_SORT [$$18(ASC), $$19(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+              -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                -- STREAM_SELECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                  -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                    -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                      -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                        -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                          -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                            -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                              -- STABLE_SORT [$$28(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+                                -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                  -- LENGTH_PARTITIONED_INVERTED_INDEX_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                                    -- BROADCAST_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                      -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                        -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                          -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                            -- DATASOURCE_SCAN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                              -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                -- EMPTY_TUPLE_SOURCE  |PARTITIONED|
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/inverted-index-join/word-jaccard-check-after-btree-access.plan b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/inverted-index-join/word-jaccard-check-after-btree-access.plan
index 237864f..c366d1b 100644
--- a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/inverted-index-join/word-jaccard-check-after-btree-access.plan
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/inverted-index-join/word-jaccard-check-after-btree-access.plan
@@ -4,31 +4,34 @@
       -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
         -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
           -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
-            -- HYBRID_HASH_JOIN [$$34][$$22]  |PARTITIONED|
+            -- HYBRID_HASH_JOIN [$$37][$$24]  |PARTITIONED|
               -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
                 -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
-                  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
-                    -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                  -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                    -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
                       -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
-                        -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
-                          -- EMPTY_TUPLE_SOURCE  |PARTITIONED|
-              -- HASH_PARTITION_EXCHANGE [$$22]  |PARTITIONED|
-                -- STREAM_SELECT  |PARTITIONED|
-                  -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
-                    -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
-                      -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
-                        -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
-                          -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
-                            -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
-                              -- STABLE_SORT [$$37(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
-                                -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
-                                  -- LENGTH_PARTITIONED_INVERTED_INDEX_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
-                                    -- BROADCAST_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
-                                      -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
-                                        -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
-                                          -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
-                                            -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
-                                              -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
-                                                -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
-                                                  -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
-                                                    -- EMPTY_TUPLE_SOURCE  |PARTITIONED|
\ No newline at end of file
+                        -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                          -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                            -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                              -- EMPTY_TUPLE_SOURCE  |PARTITIONED|
+              -- HASH_PARTITION_EXCHANGE [$$24]  |PARTITIONED|
+                -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                  -- STREAM_SELECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                    -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                      -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                        -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                          -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                            -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                              -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                -- STABLE_SORT [$$41(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+                                  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                    -- LENGTH_PARTITIONED_INVERTED_INDEX_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                                      -- BROADCAST_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                        -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                          -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                            -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                              -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                    -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                      -- EMPTY_TUPLE_SOURCE  |PARTITIONED|
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/rtree-index-join/issue730.plan b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/rtree-index-join/issue730.plan
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..40582f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/rtree-index-join/issue730.plan
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+-- DISTRIBUTE_RESULT  |PARTITIONED|
+  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+    -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+      -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+        -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+          -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+            -- PRE_CLUSTERED_GROUP_BY[$$24]  |PARTITIONED|
+                    {
+                      -- AGGREGATE  |LOCAL|
+                        -- STREAM_SELECT  |LOCAL|
+                          -- NESTED_TUPLE_SOURCE  |LOCAL|
+                    }
+              -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                -- STABLE_SORT [$$24(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+                  -- HASH_PARTITION_EXCHANGE [$$24]  |PARTITIONED|
+                    -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                      -- STREAM_SELECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                        -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                          -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                            -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                              -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                -- STABLE_SORT [$$37(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+                                  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                    -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                      -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                        -- RTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                                          -- BROADCAST_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                            -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                              -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                  -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                    -- STREAM_SELECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                      -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                        -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                          -- DATASOURCE_SCAN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                            -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                              -- EMPTY_TUPLE_SOURCE  |PARTITIONED|
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/rtree-index-join/leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx_01.plan b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/rtree-index-join/leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx_01.plan
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e0480a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/rtree-index-join/leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx_01.plan
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+-- DISTRIBUTE_RESULT  |PARTITIONED|
+  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+    -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+      -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+        -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+          -- SORT_MERGE_EXCHANGE [$$30(ASC) ]  |PARTITIONED|
+            -- STABLE_SORT [$$30(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+              -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                -- PRE_CLUSTERED_GROUP_BY[$$27]  |PARTITIONED|
+                        {
+                          -- AGGREGATE  |LOCAL|
+                            -- STREAM_SELECT  |LOCAL|
+                              -- NESTED_TUPLE_SOURCE  |LOCAL|
+                        }
+                  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                    -- STABLE_SORT [$$27(ASC), $$24(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+                      -- HASH_PARTITION_EXCHANGE [$$27]  |PARTITIONED|
+                        -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                          -- STREAM_SELECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                            -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                              -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                    -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                                      -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                        -- STABLE_SORT [$$43(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+                                          -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                            -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                              -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                -- RTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                  -- BROADCAST_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                    -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                      -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                        -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                          -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                            -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                              -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                                -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                                  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                                    -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                                      -- EMPTY_TUPLE_SOURCE  |PARTITIONED|
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/rtree-index-join/leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx_02.plan b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/rtree-index-join/leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx_02.plan
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6c7d74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/rtree-index-join/leftouterjoin-probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx_02.plan
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+-- DISTRIBUTE_RESULT  |PARTITIONED|
+  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+    -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+      -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+        -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+          -- SORT_MERGE_EXCHANGE [$$35(ASC) ]  |PARTITIONED|
+            -- STABLE_SORT [$$35(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+              -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                -- PRE_CLUSTERED_GROUP_BY[$$32]  |PARTITIONED|
+                        {
+                          -- AGGREGATE  |LOCAL|
+                            -- STREAM_SELECT  |LOCAL|
+                              -- NESTED_TUPLE_SOURCE  |LOCAL|
+                        }
+                  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                    -- STABLE_SORT [$$32(ASC), $$28(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+                      -- HASH_PARTITION_EXCHANGE [$$32]  |PARTITIONED|
+                        -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                          -- STREAM_SELECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                            -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                              -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                    -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                                      -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                        -- STABLE_SORT [$$48(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+                                          -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                            -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                              -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                -- RTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                  -- BROADCAST_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                    -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                      -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                        -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                          -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                            -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                              -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                                -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                                  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                                    -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                                                      -- EMPTY_TUPLE_SOURCE  |PARTITIONED|
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx1/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx1.1.ddl.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx1/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx1.1.ddl.aql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8aa7b64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx1/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx1.1.ddl.aql
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * Description  : Test that left-outer-join may use two available indexes, one for primary index in prob subtree and another for secondary btree index in index subtree.
+ * Issue        : 730, 741                 
+ * Expected Res : Success
+ * Date         : 8th May 2014
+ */
+
+drop dataverse test if exists;
+create dataverse test;
+use dataverse test;
+
+create type TwitterUserType as closed {
+	screen-name: string,
+	lang: string,
+	friends-count: int32,
+	statuses-count: int32,
+	name: string,
+	followers-count: int32
+} 
+
+create type TweetMessageType as closed {
+	tweetid: int64,
+        user: TwitterUserType,
+        sender-location: point,
+	send-time: datetime,
+        referred-topics: {{ string }},
+	message-text: string,
+	countA: int32,
+	countB: int32
+}
+
+create dataset TweetMessages(TweetMessageType)
+primary key tweetid;
+
+create index twmSndLocIx on TweetMessages(sender-location) type rtree;
+create index msgCountAIx on TweetMessages(countA) type btree;
+create index msgCountBIx on TweetMessages(countB) type btree;
+create index msgTextIx on TweetMessages(message-text) type keyword;
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx1/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx1.2.update.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx1/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx1.2.update.aql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51d3641
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx1/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx1.2.update.aql
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/*
+ * Description  : Test that left-outer-join may use two available indexes, one for primary index in prob subtree and another for secondary btree index in index subtree.
+ * Issue        : 730, 741                 
+ * Expected Res : Success
+ * Date         : 8th May 2014
+ */
+
+use dataverse test;
+
+load dataset TweetMessages 
+using "edu.uci.ics.asterix.external.dataset.adapter.NCFileSystemAdapter"
+(("path"="nc1://data/twitter/tw_for_indexleftouterjoin.adm"),("format"="adm"));
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx1/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx1.3.query.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx1/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx1.3.query.aql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2490956
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx1/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx1.3.query.aql
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/*
+ * Description  : Test that left-outer-join may use two available indexes, one for primary index in prob subtree and another for secondary btree index in index subtree.
+ * Issue        : 730, 741                 
+ * Expected Res : Success
+ * Date         : 8th May 2014
+ */
+
+use dataverse test;
+
+for $t1 in dataset('TweetMessages')
+where $t1.tweetid < int64("10")
+order by $t1.tweetid
+return {
+"tweetid1": $t1.tweetid,
+"count1":$t1.countA,
+"t2info": for $t2 in dataset('TweetMessages') 
+          where $t1.countA /* +indexnl */= $t2.countB
+          order by $t2.tweetid 
+          return {"tweetid2": $t2.tweetid,
+                  "count2":$t2.countB}
+};
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx2/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx2.1.ddl.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx2/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx2.1.ddl.aql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8aa7b64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx2/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx2.1.ddl.aql
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * Description  : Test that left-outer-join may use two available indexes, one for primary index in prob subtree and another for secondary btree index in index subtree.
+ * Issue        : 730, 741                 
+ * Expected Res : Success
+ * Date         : 8th May 2014
+ */
+
+drop dataverse test if exists;
+create dataverse test;
+use dataverse test;
+
+create type TwitterUserType as closed {
+	screen-name: string,
+	lang: string,
+	friends-count: int32,
+	statuses-count: int32,
+	name: string,
+	followers-count: int32
+} 
+
+create type TweetMessageType as closed {
+	tweetid: int64,
+        user: TwitterUserType,
+        sender-location: point,
+	send-time: datetime,
+        referred-topics: {{ string }},
+	message-text: string,
+	countA: int32,
+	countB: int32
+}
+
+create dataset TweetMessages(TweetMessageType)
+primary key tweetid;
+
+create index twmSndLocIx on TweetMessages(sender-location) type rtree;
+create index msgCountAIx on TweetMessages(countA) type btree;
+create index msgCountBIx on TweetMessages(countB) type btree;
+create index msgTextIx on TweetMessages(message-text) type keyword;
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx2/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx2.2.update.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx2/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx2.2.update.aql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51d3641
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx2/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx2.2.update.aql
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/*
+ * Description  : Test that left-outer-join may use two available indexes, one for primary index in prob subtree and another for secondary btree index in index subtree.
+ * Issue        : 730, 741                 
+ * Expected Res : Success
+ * Date         : 8th May 2014
+ */
+
+use dataverse test;
+
+load dataset TweetMessages 
+using "edu.uci.ics.asterix.external.dataset.adapter.NCFileSystemAdapter"
+(("path"="nc1://data/twitter/tw_for_indexleftouterjoin.adm"),("format"="adm"));
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx2/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx2.3.query.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx2/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx2.3.query.aql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..956aecf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx2/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx2.3.query.aql
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/*
+ * Description  : Test that left-outer-join may use two available indexes, one for primary index in prob subtree and another for secondary btree index in index subtree.
+ * Issue        : 730, 741                 
+ * Expected Res : Success
+ * Date         : 8th May 2014
+ */
+
+use dataverse test;
+
+for $t1 in dataset('TweetMessages')
+where $t1.tweetid < int64("10")
+order by $t1.tweetid
+return {
+"tweetid1": $t1.tweetid,
+"count1":$t1.countA,
+"t2info": for $t2 in dataset('TweetMessages') 
+                        where $t1.countA /* +indexnl */= $t2.countB and
+                        $t1.tweetid != $t2.tweetid
+                        order by $t2.tweetid 
+                        return {"tweetid2": $t2.tweetid,
+                                       "count2":$t2.countB}
+};
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx1/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx1.1.ddl.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx1/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx1.1.ddl.aql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d83362
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx1/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx1.1.ddl.aql
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * Description  : Test that left-outer-join may use two available indexes, one for primary index in prob subtree and another for secondary btree index in index subtree.
+ * Issue        : 730, 741                 
+ * Expected Res : Success
+ * Date         : 8th May 2014
+ */
+
+drop dataverse test if exists;
+create dataverse test;
+use dataverse test;
+
+create type TwitterUserType as closed {
+	screen-name: string,
+	lang: string,
+	friends-count: int32,
+	statuses-count: int32,
+	name: string,
+	followers-count: int32
+} 
+
+create type TweetMessageType as closed {
+	tweetid: int64,
+        user: TwitterUserType,
+        sender-location: point,
+	send-time: datetime,
+        referred-topics: {{ string }},
+	message-text: string,
+	countA: int32,
+	countB: int32
+}
+
+create dataset TweetMessages(TweetMessageType)
+primary key tweetid;
+
+create index twmSndLocIx on TweetMessages(sender-location) type rtree;
+create index msgCountAIx on TweetMessages(countA) type btree;
+create index msgCountBIx on TweetMessages(countB) type btree;
+create index msgKeywordIx on TweetMessages(message-text) type keyword;
+create index msgNgramIx on TweetMessages(message-text) type ngram(3);
+create index topicKeywordIx on TweetMessages(referred-topics) type keyword;
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx1/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx1.2.update.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx1/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx1.2.update.aql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51d3641
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx1/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx1.2.update.aql
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/*
+ * Description  : Test that left-outer-join may use two available indexes, one for primary index in prob subtree and another for secondary btree index in index subtree.
+ * Issue        : 730, 741                 
+ * Expected Res : Success
+ * Date         : 8th May 2014
+ */
+
+use dataverse test;
+
+load dataset TweetMessages 
+using "edu.uci.ics.asterix.external.dataset.adapter.NCFileSystemAdapter"
+(("path"="nc1://data/twitter/tw_for_indexleftouterjoin.adm"),("format"="adm"));
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx1/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx1.3.query.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx1/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx1.3.query.aql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e21cf7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx1/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx1.3.query.aql
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/*
+ * Description  : Test that left-outer-join may use two available indexes, one for primary index in prob subtree and another for secondary keyword inverted index in index subtree.
+ * Issue        : 730, 741                 
+ * Expected Res : Success
+ * Date         : 16th May 2014
+ */
+
+use dataverse test;
+
+for $t1 in dataset('TweetMessages')
+where $t1.tweetid > int64("240")
+order by $t1.tweetid
+return {
+    "tweet": {"id": $t1.tweetid, "topics" : $t1.referred-topics} ,             
+    "similar-tweets": for $t2 in dataset('TweetMessages')
+                      let $sim := similarity-jaccard-check($t1.referred-topics, $t2.referred-topics, 0.5f)
+		      where $sim[0] and 
+                      $t2.tweetid != $t1.tweetid
+                      order by $t2.tweetid
+                      return {"id": $t2.tweetid, "topics" : $t2.referred-topics}
+};
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx2/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx2.1.ddl.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx2/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx2.1.ddl.aql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d83362
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx2/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx2.1.ddl.aql
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * Description  : Test that left-outer-join may use two available indexes, one for primary index in prob subtree and another for secondary btree index in index subtree.
+ * Issue        : 730, 741                 
+ * Expected Res : Success
+ * Date         : 8th May 2014
+ */
+
+drop dataverse test if exists;
+create dataverse test;
+use dataverse test;
+
+create type TwitterUserType as closed {
+	screen-name: string,
+	lang: string,
+	friends-count: int32,
+	statuses-count: int32,
+	name: string,
+	followers-count: int32
+} 
+
+create type TweetMessageType as closed {
+	tweetid: int64,
+        user: TwitterUserType,
+        sender-location: point,
+	send-time: datetime,
+        referred-topics: {{ string }},
+	message-text: string,
+	countA: int32,
+	countB: int32
+}
+
+create dataset TweetMessages(TweetMessageType)
+primary key tweetid;
+
+create index twmSndLocIx on TweetMessages(sender-location) type rtree;
+create index msgCountAIx on TweetMessages(countA) type btree;
+create index msgCountBIx on TweetMessages(countB) type btree;
+create index msgKeywordIx on TweetMessages(message-text) type keyword;
+create index msgNgramIx on TweetMessages(message-text) type ngram(3);
+create index topicKeywordIx on TweetMessages(referred-topics) type keyword;
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx2/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx2.2.update.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx2/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx2.2.update.aql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51d3641
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx2/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx2.2.update.aql
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/*
+ * Description  : Test that left-outer-join may use two available indexes, one for primary index in prob subtree and another for secondary btree index in index subtree.
+ * Issue        : 730, 741                 
+ * Expected Res : Success
+ * Date         : 8th May 2014
+ */
+
+use dataverse test;
+
+load dataset TweetMessages 
+using "edu.uci.ics.asterix.external.dataset.adapter.NCFileSystemAdapter"
+(("path"="nc1://data/twitter/tw_for_indexleftouterjoin.adm"),("format"="adm"));
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx2/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx2.3.query.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx2/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx2.3.query.aql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01cf073
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx2/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx2.3.query.aql
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/*
+ * Description  : Test that left-outer-join may use two available indexes, one for primary index in prob subtree and another for secondary keyword inverted index in index subtree.
+ * Issue        : 730, 741                 
+ * Expected Res : Success
+ * Date         : 16th May 2014
+ */
+
+use dataverse test;
+
+for $t1 in dataset('TweetMessages')
+where $t1.tweetid > int64("240")
+order by $t1.tweetid
+return {
+    "tweet": {"id": $t1.tweetid, "topics" : $t1.message-text} ,             
+    "similar-tweets": for $t2 in dataset('TweetMessages')
+                      let $sim := edit-distance-check($t1.message-text, $t2.message-text, 7)
+		      where $sim[0] and 
+                      $t2.tweetid != $t1.tweetid
+                      order by $t2.tweetid
+                      return {"id": $t2.tweetid, "topics" : $t2.message-text}
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx1/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx1.1.ddl.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx1/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx1.1.ddl.aql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a353da2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx1/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx1.1.ddl.aql
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * Description  : Test that left-outer-join may use two available indexes, one for primary index in prob subtree and another for secondary rtree index in index subtree.
+ * Issue        : 730, 741                 
+ * Expected Res : Success
+ * Date         : 8th May 2014
+ */
+
+drop dataverse test if exists;
+create dataverse test;
+use dataverse test;
+
+create type TwitterUserType as closed {
+	screen-name: string,
+	lang: string,
+	friends-count: int32,
+	statuses-count: int32,
+	name: string,
+	followers-count: int32
+} 
+
+create type TweetMessageType as closed {
+	tweetid: int64,
+        user: TwitterUserType,
+        sender-location: point,
+	send-time: datetime,
+        referred-topics: {{ string }},
+	message-text: string,
+	countA: int32,
+	countB: int32
+}
+
+create dataset TweetMessages(TweetMessageType)
+primary key tweetid;
+
+create index twmSndLocIx on TweetMessages(sender-location) type rtree;
+create index msgCountAIx on TweetMessages(countA) type btree;
+create index msgCountBIx on TweetMessages(countB) type btree;
+create index msgTextIx on TweetMessages(message-text) type keyword;
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx1/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx1.2.update.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx1/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx1.2.update.aql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4763f3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx1/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx1.2.update.aql
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/*
+ * Description  : Test that left-outer-join may use two available indexes, one for primary index in prob subtree and another for secondary rtree index in index subtree.
+ * Issue        : 730, 741                 
+ * Expected Res : Success
+ * Date         : 8th May 2014
+ */
+
+use dataverse test;
+
+load dataset TweetMessages 
+using "edu.uci.ics.asterix.external.dataset.adapter.NCFileSystemAdapter"
+(("path"="nc1://data/twitter/tw_for_indexleftouterjoin.adm"),("format"="adm"));
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx1/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx1.3.query.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx1/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx1.3.query.aql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..50e72e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx1/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx1.3.query.aql
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/*
+ * Description  : Test that left-outer-join may use two available indexes, one for primary index in prob subtree and another for secondary rtree index in index subtree.
+ * Issue        : 730, 741                 
+ * Expected Res : Success
+ * Date         : 8th May 2014
+ */
+
+use dataverse test;
+
+for $t1 in dataset('TweetMessages')
+let $n :=  create-circle($t1.sender-location, 0.5)
+where $t1.tweetid < int64("10")
+order by $t1.tweetid
+return {
+"tweetid1": $t1.tweetid,
+"loc1":$t1.sender-location,
+"nearby-message": for $t2 in dataset('TweetMessages')
+                             where spatial-intersect($t2.sender-location, $n) 
+                             order by $t2.tweetid 
+                             return {"tweetid2":$t2.tweetid, "loc2":$t2.sender-location}
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx2/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx2.1.ddl.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx2/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx2.1.ddl.aql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a353da2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx2/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx2.1.ddl.aql
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * Description  : Test that left-outer-join may use two available indexes, one for primary index in prob subtree and another for secondary rtree index in index subtree.
+ * Issue        : 730, 741                 
+ * Expected Res : Success
+ * Date         : 8th May 2014
+ */
+
+drop dataverse test if exists;
+create dataverse test;
+use dataverse test;
+
+create type TwitterUserType as closed {
+	screen-name: string,
+	lang: string,
+	friends-count: int32,
+	statuses-count: int32,
+	name: string,
+	followers-count: int32
+} 
+
+create type TweetMessageType as closed {
+	tweetid: int64,
+        user: TwitterUserType,
+        sender-location: point,
+	send-time: datetime,
+        referred-topics: {{ string }},
+	message-text: string,
+	countA: int32,
+	countB: int32
+}
+
+create dataset TweetMessages(TweetMessageType)
+primary key tweetid;
+
+create index twmSndLocIx on TweetMessages(sender-location) type rtree;
+create index msgCountAIx on TweetMessages(countA) type btree;
+create index msgCountBIx on TweetMessages(countB) type btree;
+create index msgTextIx on TweetMessages(message-text) type keyword;
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx2/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx2.2.update.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx2/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx2.2.update.aql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4763f3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx2/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx2.2.update.aql
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/*
+ * Description  : Test that left-outer-join may use two available indexes, one for primary index in prob subtree and another for secondary rtree index in index subtree.
+ * Issue        : 730, 741                 
+ * Expected Res : Success
+ * Date         : 8th May 2014
+ */
+
+use dataverse test;
+
+load dataset TweetMessages 
+using "edu.uci.ics.asterix.external.dataset.adapter.NCFileSystemAdapter"
+(("path"="nc1://data/twitter/tw_for_indexleftouterjoin.adm"),("format"="adm"));
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx2/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx2.3.query.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx2/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx2.3.query.aql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1218e03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx2/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx2.3.query.aql
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/*
+ * Description  : Test that left-outer-join may use two available indexes, one for primary index in prob subtree and another for secondary rtree index in index subtree.
+ * Issue        : 730, 741                 
+ * Expected Res : Success
+ * Date         : 8th May 2014
+ */
+
+use dataverse test;
+
+for $t1 in dataset('TweetMessages')
+let $n :=  create-circle($t1.sender-location, 0.5)
+where $t1.tweetid < int64("10")
+order by $t1.tweetid
+return {
+"tweetid1": $t1.tweetid,
+"loc1":$t1.sender-location,
+"nearby-message": for $t2 in dataset('TweetMessages')
+                             where spatial-intersect($t2.sender-location, $n) and $t1.tweetid != $t2.tweetid 
+                             order by $t2.tweetid 
+                             return {"tweetid2":$t2.tweetid, "loc2":$t2.sender-location}
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx1/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx1.1.adm b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx1/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx1.1.adm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1907bca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx1/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx1.1.adm
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{ "tweetid1": 1i64, "count1": 1, "t2info": [  ] }
+{ "tweetid1": 2i64, "count1": 2, "t2info": [ { "tweetid2": 60i64, "count2": 2 } ] }
+{ "tweetid1": 3i64, "count1": 3, "t2info": [ { "tweetid2": 105i64, "count2": 3 }, { "tweetid2": 206i64, "count2": 3 } ] }
+{ "tweetid1": 4i64, "count1": 4, "t2info": [  ] }
+{ "tweetid1": 5i64, "count1": 5, "t2info": [ { "tweetid2": 138i64, "count2": 5 }, { "tweetid2": 175i64, "count2": 5 } ] }
+{ "tweetid1": 6i64, "count1": 6, "t2info": [ { "tweetid2": 148i64, "count2": 6 } ] }
+{ "tweetid1": 7i64, "count1": 7, "t2info": [ { "tweetid2": 125i64, "count2": 7 } ] }
+{ "tweetid1": 8i64, "count1": 8, "t2info": [  ] }
+{ "tweetid1": 9i64, "count1": 9, "t2info": [ { "tweetid2": 141i64, "count2": 9 } ] }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx2/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx2.1.adm b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx2/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx2.1.adm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1907bca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx2/probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx2.1.adm
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{ "tweetid1": 1i64, "count1": 1, "t2info": [  ] }
+{ "tweetid1": 2i64, "count1": 2, "t2info": [ { "tweetid2": 60i64, "count2": 2 } ] }
+{ "tweetid1": 3i64, "count1": 3, "t2info": [ { "tweetid2": 105i64, "count2": 3 }, { "tweetid2": 206i64, "count2": 3 } ] }
+{ "tweetid1": 4i64, "count1": 4, "t2info": [  ] }
+{ "tweetid1": 5i64, "count1": 5, "t2info": [ { "tweetid2": 138i64, "count2": 5 }, { "tweetid2": 175i64, "count2": 5 } ] }
+{ "tweetid1": 6i64, "count1": 6, "t2info": [ { "tweetid2": 148i64, "count2": 6 } ] }
+{ "tweetid1": 7i64, "count1": 7, "t2info": [ { "tweetid2": 125i64, "count2": 7 } ] }
+{ "tweetid1": 8i64, "count1": 8, "t2info": [  ] }
+{ "tweetid1": 9i64, "count1": 9, "t2info": [ { "tweetid2": 141i64, "count2": 9 } ] }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx1/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx1.1.adm b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx1/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx1.1.adm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7b26bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx1/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx1.1.adm
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{ "tweet": { "id": 241i64, "topics": {{ "verizon", "network" }} }, "similar-tweets": [ { "id": 40i64, "topics": {{ "verizon", "network" }} }, { "id": 45i64, "topics": {{ "verizon", "network" }} }, { "id": 46i64, "topics": {{ "verizon", "network" }} }, { "id": 112i64, "topics": {{ "verizon", "network" }} } ] }
+{ "tweet": { "id": 242i64, "topics": {{ "t-mobile", "touch-screen" }} }, "similar-tweets": [ { "id": 47i64, "topics": {{ "t-mobile", "touch-screen" }} }, { "id": 150i64, "topics": {{ "t-mobile", "touch-screen" }} }, { "id": 228i64, "topics": {{ "t-mobile", "touch-screen" }} } ] }
+{ "tweet": { "id": 243i64, "topics": {{ "iphone", "touch-screen" }} }, "similar-tweets": [ { "id": 186i64, "topics": {{ "iphone", "touch-screen" }} } ] }
+{ "tweet": { "id": 244i64, "topics": {{ "iphone", "voicemail-service" }} }, "similar-tweets": [ { "id": 184i64, "topics": {{ "iphone", "voicemail-service" }} } ] }
+{ "tweet": { "id": 245i64, "topics": {{ "sprint", "touch-screen" }} }, "similar-tweets": [ { "id": 60i64, "topics": {{ "sprint", "touch-screen" }} }, { "id": 168i64, "topics": {{ "sprint", "touch-screen" }} }, { "id": 196i64, "topics": {{ "sprint", "touch-screen" }} } ] }
+{ "tweet": { "id": 246i64, "topics": {{ "sprint", "plan" }} }, "similar-tweets": [ { "id": 49i64, "topics": {{ "sprint", "plan" }} }, { "id": 130i64, "topics": {{ "sprint", "plan" }} } ] }
+{ "tweet": { "id": 247i64, "topics": {{ "sprint", "speed" }} }, "similar-tweets": [ { "id": 59i64, "topics": {{ "sprint", "speed" }} }, { "id": 208i64, "topics": {{ "sprint", "speed" }} }, { "id": 237i64, "topics": {{ "sprint", "speed" }} } ] }
+{ "tweet": { "id": 248i64, "topics": {{ "verizon", "wireless" }} }, "similar-tweets": [  ] }
+{ "tweet": { "id": 249i64, "topics": {{ "verizon", "plan" }} }, "similar-tweets": [ { "id": 179i64, "topics": {{ "verizon", "plan" }} }, { "id": 181i64, "topics": {{ "verizon", "plan" }} }, { "id": 212i64, "topics": {{ "verizon", "plan" }} } ] }
+{ "tweet": { "id": 250i64, "topics": {{ "samsung", "touch-screen" }} }, "similar-tweets": [ { "id": 124i64, "topics": {{ "samsung", "touch-screen" }} } ] }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx2/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx1.1.adm b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx2/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx1.1.adm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..188c292
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx2/probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx1.1.adm
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{ "tweet": { "id": 241i64, "topics": " can't stand verizon its network is bad:(" }, "similar-tweets": [ { "id": 112i64, "topics": " can't stand verizon its network is terrible:(" } ] }
+{ "tweet": { "id": 242i64, "topics": " love t-mobile the touch-screen is amazing" }, "similar-tweets": [  ] }
+{ "tweet": { "id": 243i64, "topics": " like iphone its touch-screen is amazing:)" }, "similar-tweets": [  ] }
+{ "tweet": { "id": 244i64, "topics": " hate iphone its voicemail-service is terrible" }, "similar-tweets": [  ] }
+{ "tweet": { "id": 245i64, "topics": " hate sprint its touch-screen is bad:(" }, "similar-tweets": [ { "id": 60i64, "topics": " hate sprint its touch-screen is OMG:(" }, { "id": 196i64, "topics": " hate sprint the touch-screen is OMG:(" } ] }
+{ "tweet": { "id": 246i64, "topics": " can't stand sprint the plan is horrible" }, "similar-tweets": [  ] }
+{ "tweet": { "id": 247i64, "topics": " can't stand sprint the speed is OMG" }, "similar-tweets": [  ] }
+{ "tweet": { "id": 248i64, "topics": " like verizon its wireless is amazing" }, "similar-tweets": [  ] }
+{ "tweet": { "id": 249i64, "topics": " dislike verizon its plan is bad:(" }, "similar-tweets": [  ] }
+{ "tweet": { "id": 250i64, "topics": " love samsung its touch-screen is amazing:)" }, "similar-tweets": [  ] }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx1/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx1.1.adm b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx1/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx1.1.adm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4337b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx1/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx1.1.adm
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{ "tweetid1": 1i64, "loc1": point("42.83,72.44"), "nearby-message": [ { "tweetid2": 1i64, "loc2": point("42.83,72.44") }, { "tweetid2": 55i64, "loc2": point("42.77,72.16") }, { "tweetid2": 114i64, "loc2": point("42.87,72.38") } ] }
+{ "tweetid1": 2i64, "loc1": point("34.81,72.44"), "nearby-message": [ { "tweetid2": 2i64, "loc2": point("34.81,72.44") } ] }
+{ "tweetid1": 3i64, "loc1": point("24.54,82.66"), "nearby-message": [ { "tweetid2": 3i64, "loc2": point("24.54,82.66") } ] }
+{ "tweetid1": 4i64, "loc1": point("38.14,68.1"), "nearby-message": [ { "tweetid2": 4i64, "loc2": point("38.14,68.1") } ] }
+{ "tweetid1": 5i64, "loc1": point("35.4,68.89"), "nearby-message": [ { "tweetid2": 5i64, "loc2": point("35.4,68.89") } ] }
+{ "tweetid1": 6i64, "loc1": point("42.75,78.5"), "nearby-message": [ { "tweetid2": 6i64, "loc2": point("42.75,78.5") } ] }
+{ "tweetid1": 7i64, "loc1": point("48.16,71.59"), "nearby-message": [ { "tweetid2": 7i64, "loc2": point("48.16,71.59") }, { "tweetid2": 42i64, "loc2": point("47.86,71.93") }, { "tweetid2": 192i64, "loc2": point("48.12,72.0") } ] }
+{ "tweetid1": 8i64, "loc1": point("36.17,72.56"), "nearby-message": [ { "tweetid2": 8i64, "loc2": point("36.17,72.56") } ] }
+{ "tweetid1": 9i64, "loc1": point("38.02,70.38"), "nearby-message": [ { "tweetid2": 9i64, "loc2": point("38.02,70.38") }, { "tweetid2": 51i64, "loc2": point("37.65,70.54") } ] }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx2/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx2.1.adm b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx2/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx2.1.adm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..826e20a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/index-leftouterjoin/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx2/probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx2.1.adm
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{ "tweetid1": 1i64, "loc1": point("42.83,72.44"), "nearby-message": [ { "tweetid2": 55i64, "loc2": point("42.77,72.16") }, { "tweetid2": 114i64, "loc2": point("42.87,72.38") } ] }
+{ "tweetid1": 2i64, "loc1": point("34.81,72.44"), "nearby-message": [  ] }
+{ "tweetid1": 3i64, "loc1": point("24.54,82.66"), "nearby-message": [  ] }
+{ "tweetid1": 4i64, "loc1": point("38.14,68.1"), "nearby-message": [  ] }
+{ "tweetid1": 5i64, "loc1": point("35.4,68.89"), "nearby-message": [  ] }
+{ "tweetid1": 6i64, "loc1": point("42.75,78.5"), "nearby-message": [  ] }
+{ "tweetid1": 7i64, "loc1": point("48.16,71.59"), "nearby-message": [ { "tweetid2": 42i64, "loc2": point("47.86,71.93") }, { "tweetid2": 192i64, "loc2": point("48.12,72.0") } ] }
+{ "tweetid1": 8i64, "loc1": point("36.17,72.56"), "nearby-message": [  ] }
+{ "tweetid1": 9i64, "loc1": point("38.02,70.38"), "nearby-message": [ { "tweetid2": 51i64, "loc2": point("37.65,70.54") } ] }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/testsuite.xml b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/testsuite.xml
index 94fa78c..9c62816 100644
--- a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/testsuite.xml
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/testsuite.xml
@@ -5000,6 +5000,38 @@
       </compilation-unit>
     </test-case>
   </test-group>
+    <test-group name="index-leftouterjoin">
+    <test-case FilePath="index-leftouterjoin">
+      <compilation-unit name="probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx1">
+        <output-dir compare="Text">probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx1</output-dir>
+      </compilation-unit>
+    </test-case>
+    <test-case FilePath="index-leftouterjoin">
+      <compilation-unit name="probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx2">
+        <output-dir compare="Text">probe-pidx-with-join-btree-sidx2</output-dir>
+      </compilation-unit>
+    </test-case>
+    <test-case FilePath="index-leftouterjoin">
+      <compilation-unit name="probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx1">
+        <output-dir compare="Text">probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx1</output-dir>
+      </compilation-unit>
+    </test-case>
+    <test-case FilePath="index-leftouterjoin">
+      <compilation-unit name="probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx2">
+        <output-dir compare="Text">probe-pidx-with-join-rtree-sidx2</output-dir>
+      </compilation-unit>
+    </test-case>
+    <test-case FilePath="index-leftouterjoin">
+      <compilation-unit name="probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx1">
+        <output-dir compare="Text">probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx1</output-dir>
+      </compilation-unit>
+    </test-case>
+    <test-case FilePath="index-leftouterjoin">
+      <compilation-unit name="probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx2">
+        <output-dir compare="Text">probe-pidx-with-join-invidx-sidx2</output-dir>
+      </compilation-unit>
+    </test-case>    
+  </test-group>
   <test-group name="distinct">
   	<test-case FilePath="distinct">
       <compilation-unit name="query-issue443">
diff --git a/asterix-common/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/test/aql/TestsUtils.java b/asterix-common/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/test/aql/TestsUtils.java
index ee94c33..6f2e0a0 100644
--- a/asterix-common/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/test/aql/TestsUtils.java
+++ b/asterix-common/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/test/aql/TestsUtils.java
@@ -437,11 +437,11 @@
                             qarFile.getParentFile().mkdirs();
                             TestsUtils.writeResultsToFile(qarFile, resultStream);
 
-                            TestsUtils.runScriptAndCompareWithResult(testFile, new PrintWriter(System.err),
-                                    qbcFile, qarFile);
+                            TestsUtils.runScriptAndCompareWithResult(testFile, new PrintWriter(System.err), qbcFile,
+                                    qarFile);
 
-                            LOGGER.info("[TEST]: " + testCaseCtx.getTestCase().getFilePath() + "/"
-                                    + cUnit.getName() + " PASSED ");
+                            LOGGER.info("[TEST]: " + testCaseCtx.getTestCase().getFilePath() + "/" + cUnit.getName()
+                                    + " PASSED ");
                             break;
                         case "txneu": //eu represents erroneous update
                             try {
diff --git a/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/metadata/declared/AqlMetadataProvider.java b/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/metadata/declared/AqlMetadataProvider.java
index 78481fa..fc73854 100644
--- a/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/metadata/declared/AqlMetadataProvider.java
+++ b/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/metadata/declared/AqlMetadataProvider.java
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@
         String dataverseName = asid.getDataverseName();
         String datasetName = asid.getDatasetName();
         Index primaryIndex = MetadataManager.INSTANCE.getIndex(mdTxnCtx, dataverseName, datasetName, datasetName);
-        return buildBtreeRuntime(jobSpec, outputVars, opSchema, typeEnv, context, true,
+        return buildBtreeRuntime(jobSpec, outputVars, opSchema, typeEnv, context, true, false,
                 ((DatasetDataSource) dataSource).getDataset(), primaryIndex.getIndexName(), null, null, true, true,
                 implConfig);
     }
@@ -489,9 +489,9 @@
 
     public Pair<IOperatorDescriptor, AlgebricksPartitionConstraint> buildBtreeRuntime(JobSpecification jobSpec,
             List<LogicalVariable> outputVars, IOperatorSchema opSchema, IVariableTypeEnvironment typeEnv,
-            JobGenContext context, boolean retainInput, Dataset dataset, String indexName, int[] lowKeyFields,
-            int[] highKeyFields, boolean lowKeyInclusive, boolean highKeyInclusive, Object implConfig)
-            throws AlgebricksException {
+            JobGenContext context, boolean retainInput, boolean retainNull, Dataset dataset, String indexName,
+            int[] lowKeyFields, int[] highKeyFields, boolean lowKeyInclusive, boolean highKeyInclusive,
+            Object implConfig) throws AlgebricksException {
         boolean isSecondary = true;
         try {
             Index primaryIndex = MetadataManager.INSTANCE.getIndex(mdTxnCtx, dataset.getDataverseName(),
@@ -571,7 +571,7 @@
                                     dataset.getDatasetId()) : new PrimaryIndexOperationTrackerProvider(
                                     dataset.getDatasetId()), rtcProvider, LSMBTreeIOOperationCallbackFactory.INSTANCE,
                             storageProperties.getBloomFilterFalsePositiveRate(), !isSecondary), retainInput,
-                    searchCallbackFactory);
+                    retainNull, context.getNullWriterFactory(), searchCallbackFactory);
 
             return new Pair<IOperatorDescriptor, AlgebricksPartitionConstraint>(btreeSearchOp, spPc.second);
 
@@ -582,8 +582,8 @@
 
     public Pair<IOperatorDescriptor, AlgebricksPartitionConstraint> buildRtreeRuntime(JobSpecification jobSpec,
             List<LogicalVariable> outputVars, IOperatorSchema opSchema, IVariableTypeEnvironment typeEnv,
-            JobGenContext context, boolean retainInput, Dataset dataset, String indexName, int[] keyFields)
-            throws AlgebricksException {
+            JobGenContext context, boolean retainInput, boolean retainNull, Dataset dataset, String indexName,
+            int[] keyFields) throws AlgebricksException {
         try {
             ARecordType recType = (ARecordType) findType(dataset.getDataverseName(), dataset.getItemTypeName());
             int numPrimaryKeys = DatasetUtils.getPartitioningKeys(dataset).size();
@@ -647,7 +647,8 @@
                             AsterixRuntimeComponentsProvider.RUNTIME_PROVIDER,
                             LSMRTreeIOOperationCallbackFactory.INSTANCE, proposeLinearizer(nestedKeyType.getTypeTag(),
                                     comparatorFactories.length), storageProperties.getBloomFilterFalsePositiveRate(),
-                            btreeFields), retainInput, searchCallbackFactory);
+                            btreeFields), retainInput, retainNull, context.getNullWriterFactory(),
+                    searchCallbackFactory);
             return new Pair<IOperatorDescriptor, AlgebricksPartitionConstraint>(rtreeSearchOp, spPc.second);
 
         } catch (MetadataException me) {
diff --git a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/common/SimilarityJaccardEvaluator.java b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/common/SimilarityJaccardEvaluator.java
index 9e03007..77f758b 100644
--- a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/common/SimilarityJaccardEvaluator.java
+++ b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/common/SimilarityJaccardEvaluator.java
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 
+import edu.uci.ics.asterix.dataflow.data.nontagged.comparators.ListItemBinaryComparatorFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.asterix.dataflow.data.nontagged.hash.ListItemBinaryHashFunctionFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.asterix.formats.nontagged.AqlSerializerDeserializerProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.asterix.om.base.AFloat;
 import edu.uci.ics.asterix.om.base.AMutableFloat;
@@ -36,8 +38,6 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.data.std.primitive.IntegerPointable;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.data.std.util.ArrayBackedValueStorage;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.common.data.accessors.IFrameTupleReference;
-import edu.uci.ics.asterix.dataflow.data.nontagged.comparators.ListItemBinaryComparatorFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.asterix.dataflow.data.nontagged.hash.ListItemBinaryHashFunctionFactory;
 
 public class SimilarityJaccardEvaluator implements ICopyEvaluator {
 
@@ -120,6 +120,11 @@
         firstTypeTag = EnumDeserializer.ATYPETAGDESERIALIZER.deserialize(argOut.getByteArray()[firstStart]);
         secondTypeTag = EnumDeserializer.ATYPETAGDESERIALIZER.deserialize(argOut.getByteArray()[secondStart]);
 
+        if (firstTypeTag == ATypeTag.NULL)
+            return;
+        if (secondTypeTag == ATypeTag.NULL)
+            return;
+
         firstItemTypeTag = EnumDeserializer.ATYPETAGDESERIALIZER.deserialize(argOut.getByteArray()[firstStart + 1]);
         secondItemTypeTag = EnumDeserializer.ATYPETAGDESERIALIZER.deserialize(argOut.getByteArray()[secondStart + 1]);
     }