diff --git a/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/InsertPipelineExample.java b/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/InsertPipelineExample.java
index 1b90300..4711e9e 100644
--- a/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/InsertPipelineExample.java
+++ b/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/InsertPipelineExample.java
@@ -41,15 +41,15 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.file.IFileSplitProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.misc.NullSinkOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.examples.btree.helper.DataGenOperatorDescriptor;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.examples.btree.helper.IndexRegistryProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.examples.btree.helper.StorageManagerInterface;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.examples.btree.helper.TreeIndexRegistryProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.dataflow.BTreeOpHelperFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.dataflow.BTreeDataflowHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.frames.BTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.frames.BTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrameFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndex;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexDataflowHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexRegistryProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.TreeIndexInsertUpdateDeleteOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.ophelpers.IndexOp;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.tuples.TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory;
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@
         // run data generator on first nodecontroller given
         PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, dataGen, splitNCs[0]);
 
-        IIndexRegistryProvider<ITreeIndex> treeIndexRegistryProvider = TreeIndexRegistryProvider.INSTANCE;
+        IIndexRegistryProvider<IIndex> indexRegistryProvider = IndexRegistryProvider.INSTANCE;
         IStorageManagerInterface storageManager = StorageManagerInterface.INSTANCE;
 
         // prepare insertion into primary index
@@ -156,13 +156,13 @@
                                                         // B-Tree tuple, etc.        
         IFileSplitProvider primarySplitProvider = JobHelper.createFileSplitProvider(splitNCs, options.primaryBTreeName);
 
-        ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory opHelperFactory = new BTreeOpHelperFactory();
+        IIndexDataflowHelperFactory dataflowHelperFactory = new BTreeDataflowHelperFactory();
 
         // create operator descriptor
         TreeIndexInsertUpdateDeleteOperatorDescriptor primaryInsert = new TreeIndexInsertUpdateDeleteOperatorDescriptor(
-                spec, recDesc, storageManager, treeIndexRegistryProvider, primarySplitProvider,
+                spec, recDesc, storageManager, indexRegistryProvider, primarySplitProvider,
                 primaryInteriorFrameFactory, primaryLeafFrameFactory, primaryTypeTraits, primaryComparatorFactories,
-                primaryFieldPermutation, IndexOp.INSERT, opHelperFactory);
+                primaryFieldPermutation, IndexOp.INSERT, dataflowHelperFactory);
         JobHelper.createPartitionConstraint(spec, primaryInsert, splitNCs);
 
         // prepare insertion into secondary index
@@ -190,9 +190,9 @@
                 options.secondaryBTreeName);
         // create operator descriptor
         TreeIndexInsertUpdateDeleteOperatorDescriptor secondaryInsert = new TreeIndexInsertUpdateDeleteOperatorDescriptor(
-                spec, recDesc, storageManager, treeIndexRegistryProvider, secondarySplitProvider,
+                spec, recDesc, storageManager, indexRegistryProvider, secondarySplitProvider,
                 secondaryInteriorFrameFactory, secondaryLeafFrameFactory, secondaryTypeTraits,
-                secondaryComparatorFactories, secondaryFieldPermutation, IndexOp.INSERT, opHelperFactory);
+                secondaryComparatorFactories, secondaryFieldPermutation, IndexOp.INSERT, dataflowHelperFactory);
         JobHelper.createPartitionConstraint(spec, secondaryInsert, splitNCs);
 
         // end the insert pipeline at this sink operator
diff --git a/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/PrimaryIndexBulkLoadExample.java b/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/PrimaryIndexBulkLoadExample.java
index 4656a88..9790496 100644
--- a/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/PrimaryIndexBulkLoadExample.java
+++ b/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/PrimaryIndexBulkLoadExample.java
@@ -39,15 +39,15 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.file.IFileSplitProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.sort.ExternalSortOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.examples.btree.helper.DataGenOperatorDescriptor;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.examples.btree.helper.IndexRegistryProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.examples.btree.helper.StorageManagerInterface;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.examples.btree.helper.TreeIndexRegistryProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.dataflow.BTreeOpHelperFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.dataflow.BTreeDataflowHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.frames.BTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.frames.BTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrameFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndex;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexDataflowHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexRegistryProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.tuples.TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.IStorageManagerInterface;
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@
         TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory tupleWriterFactory = new TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory(typeTraits);
         ITreeIndexFrameFactory interiorFrameFactory = new BTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory(tupleWriterFactory);
         ITreeIndexFrameFactory leafFrameFactory = new BTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory(tupleWriterFactory);
-        IIndexRegistryProvider<ITreeIndex> treeIndexRegistryProvider = TreeIndexRegistryProvider.INSTANCE;
+        IIndexRegistryProvider<IIndex> indexRegistryProvider = IndexRegistryProvider.INSTANCE;
         IStorageManagerInterface storageManager = StorageManagerInterface.INSTANCE;
 
         // the B-Tree expects its keyfields to be at the front of its input
@@ -156,10 +156,10 @@
                                                  // to field 0 of B-Tree tuple,
                                                  // etc.
         IFileSplitProvider btreeSplitProvider = JobHelper.createFileSplitProvider(splitNCs, options.btreeName);
-        ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory opHelperFactory = new BTreeOpHelperFactory();
+        IIndexDataflowHelperFactory dataflowHelperFactory = new BTreeDataflowHelperFactory();
         TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor btreeBulkLoad = new TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor(spec,
-                storageManager, treeIndexRegistryProvider, btreeSplitProvider, interiorFrameFactory, leafFrameFactory,
-                typeTraits, comparatorFactories, fieldPermutation, 0.7f, opHelperFactory);
+                storageManager, indexRegistryProvider, btreeSplitProvider, interiorFrameFactory, leafFrameFactory,
+                typeTraits, comparatorFactories, fieldPermutation, 0.7f, dataflowHelperFactory);
         JobHelper.createPartitionConstraint(spec, btreeBulkLoad, splitNCs);
 
         // distribute the records from the datagen via hashing to the bulk load
diff --git a/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/PrimaryIndexEnlistFilesExample.java b/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/PrimaryIndexEnlistFilesExample.java
deleted file mode 100644
index ae55700..0000000
--- a/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/PrimaryIndexEnlistFilesExample.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,122 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2009-2010 by The Regents of the University of California
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * you may obtain a copy of the License from
- * 
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- * 
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.examples.btree.client;
-
-import org.kohsuke.args4j.CmdLineParser;
-import org.kohsuke.args4j.Option;
-
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.client.HyracksRMIConnection;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.client.IHyracksClientConnection;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.IBinaryComparatorFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.ISerializerDeserializer;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.ITypeTrait;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.RecordDescriptor;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.TypeTrait;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.job.JobId;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.job.JobSpecification;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.common.data.comparators.IntegerBinaryComparatorFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.common.data.marshalling.IntegerSerializerDeserializer;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.common.data.marshalling.UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.file.IFileSplitProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.examples.btree.helper.StorageManagerInterface;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.examples.btree.helper.TreeIndexRegistryProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.dataflow.BTreeOpHelperFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.frames.BTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.frames.BTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrameFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexRegistryProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.TreeIndexFileEnlistmentOperatorDescriptor;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.tuples.TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.IStorageManagerInterface;
-
-// This example will enlist existing files as primary index
-
-public class PrimaryIndexEnlistFilesExample {
-    private static class Options {
-        @Option(name = "-host", usage = "Hyracks Cluster Controller Host name", required = true)
-        public String host;
-
-        @Option(name = "-port", usage = "Hyracks Cluster Controller Port (default: 1099)")
-        public int port = 1099;
-
-        @Option(name = "-app", usage = "Hyracks Application name", required = true)
-        public String app;
-
-        @Option(name = "-target-ncs", usage = "Comma separated list of node-controller names to use", required = true)
-        public String ncs;
-
-        @Option(name = "-btreename", usage = "B-Tree file name", required = true)
-        public String btreeName;
-    }
-
-    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
-        Options options = new Options();
-        CmdLineParser parser = new CmdLineParser(options);
-        parser.parseArgument(args);
-
-        IHyracksClientConnection hcc = new HyracksRMIConnection(options.host, options.port);
-
-        JobSpecification job = createJob(options);
-
-        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
-        JobId jobId = hcc.createJob(options.app, job);
-        hcc.start(jobId);
-        hcc.waitForCompletion(jobId);
-        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
-        System.err.println(start + " " + end + " " + (end - start));
-    }
-
-    private static JobSpecification createJob(Options options) {
-
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
-
-        String[] splitNCs = options.ncs.split(",");
-
-        // schema of tuples in existing files (see PrimaryIndexBulkLoadExample)
-        RecordDescriptor recDesc = new RecordDescriptor(new ISerializerDeserializer[] {
-                IntegerSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-                IntegerSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE });
-
-        int fieldCount = 4;
-        ITypeTrait[] typeTraits = new ITypeTrait[fieldCount];
-        typeTraits[0] = new TypeTrait(4);
-        typeTraits[1] = new TypeTrait(ITypeTrait.VARIABLE_LENGTH);
-        typeTraits[2] = new TypeTrait(4);
-        typeTraits[3] = new TypeTrait(ITypeTrait.VARIABLE_LENGTH);
-
-        IBinaryComparatorFactory[] comparatorFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[1];
-        comparatorFactories[0] = IntegerBinaryComparatorFactory.INSTANCE;
-        
-        // create factories and providers for B-Tree
-        TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory tupleWriterFactory = new TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory(typeTraits);
-        ITreeIndexFrameFactory interiorFrameFactory = new BTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory(tupleWriterFactory);
-        ITreeIndexFrameFactory leafFrameFactory = new BTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory(tupleWriterFactory);
-        IIndexRegistryProvider<ITreeIndex> treeIndexRegistryProvider = TreeIndexRegistryProvider.INSTANCE;
-        IStorageManagerInterface storageManager = StorageManagerInterface.INSTANCE;
-
-        IFileSplitProvider btreeSplitProvider = JobHelper.createFileSplitProvider(splitNCs, options.btreeName);
-        ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory opHelperFactory = new BTreeOpHelperFactory();
-        TreeIndexFileEnlistmentOperatorDescriptor fileEnlistmentOp = new TreeIndexFileEnlistmentOperatorDescriptor(
-                spec, recDesc, storageManager, treeIndexRegistryProvider, btreeSplitProvider, interiorFrameFactory,
-                leafFrameFactory, typeTraits, comparatorFactories, opHelperFactory);
-        JobHelper.createPartitionConstraint(spec, fileEnlistmentOp, splitNCs);
-
-        spec.addRoot(fileEnlistmentOp);
-
-        return spec;
-    }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/PrimaryIndexSearchExample.java b/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/PrimaryIndexSearchExample.java
index 1d61a0f..4929243 100644
--- a/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/PrimaryIndexSearchExample.java
+++ b/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/PrimaryIndexSearchExample.java
@@ -37,16 +37,16 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.file.IFileSplitProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.misc.ConstantTupleSourceOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.misc.PrinterOperatorDescriptor;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.examples.btree.helper.IndexRegistryProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.examples.btree.helper.StorageManagerInterface;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.examples.btree.helper.TreeIndexRegistryProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.dataflow.BTreeOpHelperFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.dataflow.BTreeDataflowHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.dataflow.BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.frames.BTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.frames.BTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrameFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndex;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexDataflowHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexRegistryProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.tuples.TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.IStorageManagerInterface;
 
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@
         TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory tupleWriterFactory = new TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory(typeTraits);
         ITreeIndexFrameFactory interiorFrameFactory = new BTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory(tupleWriterFactory);
         ITreeIndexFrameFactory leafFrameFactory = new BTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory(tupleWriterFactory);
-        IIndexRegistryProvider<ITreeIndex> treeIndexRegistryProvider = TreeIndexRegistryProvider.INSTANCE;
+        IIndexRegistryProvider<IIndex> indexRegistryProvider = IndexRegistryProvider.INSTANCE;
         IStorageManagerInterface storageManager = StorageManagerInterface.INSTANCE;
 
         // schema of tuples coming out of primary index
@@ -146,10 +146,10 @@
                                      // into search op
 
         IFileSplitProvider btreeSplitProvider = JobHelper.createFileSplitProvider(splitNCs, options.btreeName);
-        ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory opHelperFactory = new BTreeOpHelperFactory();
+        IIndexDataflowHelperFactory dataflowHelperFactory = new BTreeDataflowHelperFactory();
         BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor btreeSearchOp = new BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor(spec, recDesc, storageManager,
-                treeIndexRegistryProvider, btreeSplitProvider, interiorFrameFactory, leafFrameFactory, typeTraits,
-                comparatorFactories, true, lowKeyFields, highKeyFields, true, true, opHelperFactory);
+                indexRegistryProvider, btreeSplitProvider, interiorFrameFactory, leafFrameFactory, typeTraits,
+                comparatorFactories, true, lowKeyFields, highKeyFields, true, true, dataflowHelperFactory);
         JobHelper.createPartitionConstraint(spec, btreeSearchOp, splitNCs);
 
         // have each node print the results of its respective B-Tree
diff --git a/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/SecondaryIndexBulkLoadExample.java b/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/SecondaryIndexBulkLoadExample.java
index d38568f..d77eb01 100644
--- a/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/SecondaryIndexBulkLoadExample.java
+++ b/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/SecondaryIndexBulkLoadExample.java
@@ -33,15 +33,15 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.connectors.OneToOneConnectorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.file.IFileSplitProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.sort.ExternalSortOperatorDescriptor;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.examples.btree.helper.IndexRegistryProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.examples.btree.helper.StorageManagerInterface;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.examples.btree.helper.TreeIndexRegistryProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.dataflow.BTreeOpHelperFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.dataflow.BTreeDataflowHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.frames.BTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.frames.BTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrameFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndex;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexDataflowHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexRegistryProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.TreeIndexDiskOrderScanOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.tuples.TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory;
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@
 
         String[] splitNCs = options.ncs.split(",");
 
-        IIndexRegistryProvider<ITreeIndex> treeIndexRegistryProvider = TreeIndexRegistryProvider.INSTANCE;
+        IIndexRegistryProvider<IIndex> indexRegistryProvider = IndexRegistryProvider.INSTANCE;
         IStorageManagerInterface storageManager = StorageManagerInterface.INSTANCE;
 
         // schema of tuples that we are retrieving from the primary index
@@ -129,10 +129,10 @@
 
         // use a disk-order scan to read primary index
         IFileSplitProvider primarySplitProvider = JobHelper.createFileSplitProvider(splitNCs, options.primaryBTreeName);
-        ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory opHelperFactory = new BTreeOpHelperFactory();
+        IIndexDataflowHelperFactory dataflowHelperFactory = new BTreeDataflowHelperFactory();
         TreeIndexDiskOrderScanOperatorDescriptor btreeScanOp = new TreeIndexDiskOrderScanOperatorDescriptor(spec,
-                recDesc, storageManager, treeIndexRegistryProvider, primarySplitProvider, primaryInteriorFrameFactory,
-                primaryLeafFrameFactory, primaryTypeTraits, opHelperFactory);
+                recDesc, storageManager, indexRegistryProvider, primarySplitProvider, primaryInteriorFrameFactory,
+                primaryLeafFrameFactory, primaryTypeTraits, dataflowHelperFactory);
         JobHelper.createPartitionConstraint(spec, btreeScanOp, splitNCs);
 
         // sort the tuples as preparation for bulk load into secondary index
@@ -159,9 +159,9 @@
         int[] fieldPermutation = { 1, 0 };
         IFileSplitProvider btreeSplitProvider = JobHelper.createFileSplitProvider(splitNCs, options.secondaryBTreeName);
         TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor btreeBulkLoad = new TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor(spec,
-                storageManager, treeIndexRegistryProvider, btreeSplitProvider, secondaryInteriorFrameFactory,
+                storageManager, indexRegistryProvider, btreeSplitProvider, secondaryInteriorFrameFactory,
                 secondaryLeafFrameFactory, secondaryTypeTraits, comparatorFactories, fieldPermutation, 0.7f,
-                opHelperFactory);
+                dataflowHelperFactory);
         JobHelper.createPartitionConstraint(spec, btreeBulkLoad, splitNCs);
 
         // connect the ops
diff --git a/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/SecondaryIndexSearchExample.java b/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/SecondaryIndexSearchExample.java
index 9b5d6fa..3a79df6 100644
--- a/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/SecondaryIndexSearchExample.java
+++ b/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreeclient/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/client/SecondaryIndexSearchExample.java
@@ -38,16 +38,16 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.file.IFileSplitProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.misc.ConstantTupleSourceOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.misc.PrinterOperatorDescriptor;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.examples.btree.helper.IndexRegistryProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.examples.btree.helper.StorageManagerInterface;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.examples.btree.helper.TreeIndexRegistryProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.dataflow.BTreeOpHelperFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.dataflow.BTreeDataflowHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.dataflow.BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.frames.BTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.frames.BTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrameFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndex;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexDataflowHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexRegistryProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.tuples.TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.IStorageManagerInterface;
 
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
 
         String[] splitNCs = options.ncs.split(",");
 
-        IIndexRegistryProvider<ITreeIndex> btreeRegistryProvider = TreeIndexRegistryProvider.INSTANCE;
+        IIndexRegistryProvider<IIndex> indexRegistryProvider = IndexRegistryProvider.INSTANCE;
         IStorageManagerInterface storageManager = StorageManagerInterface.INSTANCE;
 
         // schema of tuples coming out of secondary index
@@ -181,11 +181,11 @@
 
         IFileSplitProvider secondarySplitProvider = JobHelper.createFileSplitProvider(splitNCs,
                 options.secondaryBTreeName);
-        ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory opHelperFactory = new BTreeOpHelperFactory();
+        IIndexDataflowHelperFactory dataflowHelperFactory = new BTreeDataflowHelperFactory();
         BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor secondarySearchOp = new BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor(spec, secondaryRecDesc,
-                storageManager, btreeRegistryProvider, secondarySplitProvider, secondaryInteriorFrameFactory,
+                storageManager, indexRegistryProvider, secondarySplitProvider, secondaryInteriorFrameFactory,
                 secondaryLeafFrameFactory, secondaryTypeTraits, searchComparatorFactories, true, secondaryLowKeyFields,
-                secondaryHighKeyFields, true, true, opHelperFactory);
+                secondaryHighKeyFields, true, true, dataflowHelperFactory);
         JobHelper.createPartitionConstraint(spec, secondarySearchOp, splitNCs);
 
         // secondary index will output tuples with [UTF8String, Integer]
@@ -199,9 +199,9 @@
 
         IFileSplitProvider primarySplitProvider = JobHelper.createFileSplitProvider(splitNCs, options.primaryBTreeName);
         BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor primarySearchOp = new BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor(spec, primaryRecDesc,
-                storageManager, btreeRegistryProvider, primarySplitProvider, primaryInteriorFrameFactory,
+                storageManager, indexRegistryProvider, primarySplitProvider, primaryInteriorFrameFactory,
                 primaryLeafFrameFactory, primaryTypeTraits, primaryComparatorFactories, true, primaryLowKeyFields,
-                primaryHighKeyFields, true, true, opHelperFactory);
+                primaryHighKeyFields, true, true, dataflowHelperFactory);
         JobHelper.createPartitionConstraint(spec, primarySearchOp, splitNCs);
 
         // have each node print the results of its respective B-Tree
diff --git a/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreehelper/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/helper/TreeIndexRegistryProvider.java b/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreehelper/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/helper/IndexRegistryProvider.java
similarity index 70%
rename from hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreehelper/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/helper/TreeIndexRegistryProvider.java
rename to hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreehelper/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/helper/IndexRegistryProvider.java
index f8a7bf1..d1f40d8 100644
--- a/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreehelper/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/helper/TreeIndexRegistryProvider.java
+++ b/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreehelper/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/helper/IndexRegistryProvider.java
@@ -16,20 +16,20 @@
 package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.examples.btree.helper;
 
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.context.IHyracksTaskContext;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexRegistryProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IndexRegistry;
 
-public class TreeIndexRegistryProvider implements IIndexRegistryProvider<ITreeIndex> {
+public class IndexRegistryProvider implements IIndexRegistryProvider<IIndex> {
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
-    public static final TreeIndexRegistryProvider INSTANCE = new TreeIndexRegistryProvider();
+    public static final IndexRegistryProvider INSTANCE = new IndexRegistryProvider();
 
-    private TreeIndexRegistryProvider() {
+    private IndexRegistryProvider() {
     }
 
     @Override
-    public IndexRegistry<ITreeIndex> getRegistry(IHyracksTaskContext ctx) {
-        return RuntimeContext.get(ctx).getTreeIndexRegistry();
+    public IndexRegistry<IIndex> getRegistry(IHyracksTaskContext ctx) {
+        return RuntimeContext.get(ctx).getIndexRegistry();
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreehelper/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/helper/RuntimeContext.java b/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreehelper/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/helper/RuntimeContext.java
index 4a452a8..3336d6d 100644
--- a/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreehelper/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/helper/RuntimeContext.java
+++ b/hyracks-examples/btree-example/btreehelper/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/examples/btree/helper/RuntimeContext.java
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.application.INCApplicationContext;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.context.IHyracksTaskContext;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IndexRegistry;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.BufferCache;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.ClockPageReplacementStrategy;
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.smi.TransientFileMapManager;
 
 public class RuntimeContext {
-    private IndexRegistry<ITreeIndex> treeIndexRegistry;
+    private IndexRegistry<IIndex> indexRegistry;
     private IBufferCache bufferCache;
     private IFileMapManager fileMapManager;
 
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
         ICacheMemoryAllocator allocator = new HeapBufferAllocator();
         IPageReplacementStrategy prs = new ClockPageReplacementStrategy();
         bufferCache = new BufferCache(appCtx.getRootContext().getIOManager(), allocator, prs, fileMapManager, 32768, 50, 100);
-        treeIndexRegistry = new IndexRegistry<ITreeIndex>();
+        indexRegistry = new IndexRegistry<IIndex>();
     }
 
     public void close() {
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@
         return fileMapManager;
     }
 
-    public IndexRegistry<ITreeIndex> getTreeIndexRegistry() {
-        return treeIndexRegistry;
+    public IndexRegistry<IIndex> getIndexRegistry() {
+        return indexRegistry;
     }
     
     public static RuntimeContext get(IHyracksTaskContext ctx) {
diff --git a/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/btree/BTreePrimaryIndexScanOperatorTest.java b/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/btree/BTreePrimaryIndexScanOperatorTest.java
index eab76c2..38dd051 100644
--- a/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/btree/BTreePrimaryIndexScanOperatorTest.java
+++ b/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/btree/BTreePrimaryIndexScanOperatorTest.java
@@ -46,196 +46,153 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.file.PlainFileWriterOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.misc.ConstantTupleSourceOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.sort.ExternalSortOperatorDescriptor;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.dataflow.BTreeOpHelperFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.dataflow.BTreeDataflowHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.dataflow.BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.frames.BTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.frames.BTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrameFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndex;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexDataflowHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexRegistryProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.tuples.TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.IStorageManagerInterface;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestIndexRegistryProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestStorageManagerComponentHolder;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestStorageManagerInterface;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestTreeIndexRegistryProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.tests.integration.AbstractIntegrationTest;
 
 public class BTreePrimaryIndexScanOperatorTest extends AbstractIntegrationTest {
-	static {
-		TestStorageManagerComponentHolder.init(8192, 20, 20);
-	}
+    static {
+        TestStorageManagerComponentHolder.init(8192, 20, 20);
+    }
 
-	private IStorageManagerInterface storageManager = new TestStorageManagerInterface();
-	private IIndexRegistryProvider<ITreeIndex> treeIndexRegistryProvider = new TestTreeIndexRegistryProvider();
-	private ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory opHelperFactory = new BTreeOpHelperFactory();
+    private IStorageManagerInterface storageManager = new TestStorageManagerInterface();
+    private IIndexRegistryProvider<IIndex> indexRegistryProvider = new TestIndexRegistryProvider();
+    private IIndexDataflowHelperFactory dataflowHelperFactory = new BTreeDataflowHelperFactory();
 
-	private final static SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(
-			"ddMMyy-hhmmssSS");
-	private final static String sep = System.getProperty("file.separator");
+    private final static SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("ddMMyy-hhmmssSS");
+    private final static String sep = System.getProperty("file.separator");
 
-	// field, type and key declarations for primary index
-	private int primaryFieldCount = 6;
-	private ITypeTrait[] primaryTypeTraits = new ITypeTrait[primaryFieldCount];
-	private int primaryKeyFieldCount = 1;
-	private IBinaryComparatorFactory[] primaryComparatorFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[primaryKeyFieldCount];
-	private TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory primaryTupleWriterFactory = new TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory(
-			primaryTypeTraits);
-	private ITreeIndexFrameFactory primaryInteriorFrameFactory = new BTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory(
-			primaryTupleWriterFactory);
-	private ITreeIndexFrameFactory primaryLeafFrameFactory = new BTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory(
-			primaryTupleWriterFactory);
+    // field, type and key declarations for primary index
+    private int primaryFieldCount = 6;
+    private ITypeTrait[] primaryTypeTraits = new ITypeTrait[primaryFieldCount];
+    private int primaryKeyFieldCount = 1;
+    private IBinaryComparatorFactory[] primaryComparatorFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[primaryKeyFieldCount];
+    private TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory primaryTupleWriterFactory = new TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory(primaryTypeTraits);
+    private ITreeIndexFrameFactory primaryInteriorFrameFactory = new BTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory(
+            primaryTupleWriterFactory);
+    private ITreeIndexFrameFactory primaryLeafFrameFactory = new BTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory(primaryTupleWriterFactory);
 
-	private static String primaryBtreeName = "primary"
-			+ simpleDateFormat.format(new Date());
-	private static String primaryFileName = System
-			.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir") + sep + primaryBtreeName;
+    private static String primaryBtreeName = "primary" + simpleDateFormat.format(new Date());
+    private static String primaryFileName = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir") + sep + primaryBtreeName;
 
-	private IFileSplitProvider primaryBtreeSplitProvider = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(
-			new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID, new FileReference(new File(
-					primaryFileName))) });
+    private IFileSplitProvider primaryBtreeSplitProvider = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(
+            new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID, new FileReference(new File(primaryFileName))) });
 
-	private RecordDescriptor primaryRecDesc = new RecordDescriptor(
-			new ISerializerDeserializer[] {
-					UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-					UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-					UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-					UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-					UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-					UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE });
+    private RecordDescriptor primaryRecDesc = new RecordDescriptor(new ISerializerDeserializer[] {
+            UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+            UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+            UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE });
 
-	@Before
-	public void setup() throws Exception {
-		// field, type and key declarations for primary index
-		primaryTypeTraits[0] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryTypeTraits[1] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryTypeTraits[2] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryTypeTraits[3] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryTypeTraits[4] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryTypeTraits[5] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryComparatorFactories[0] = UTF8StringBinaryComparatorFactory.INSTANCE;
+    @Before
+    public void setup() throws Exception {
+        // field, type and key declarations for primary index
+        primaryTypeTraits[0] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryTypeTraits[1] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryTypeTraits[2] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryTypeTraits[3] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryTypeTraits[4] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryTypeTraits[5] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryComparatorFactories[0] = UTF8StringBinaryComparatorFactory.INSTANCE;
 
-		loadPrimaryIndexTest();
-	}
+        loadPrimaryIndexTest();
+    }
 
-	public void loadPrimaryIndexTest() throws Exception {
-		JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+    public void loadPrimaryIndexTest() throws Exception {
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
 
-		FileSplit[] ordersSplits = new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID,
-				new FileReference(new File("data/tpch0.001/orders-part1.tbl"))) };
-		IFileSplitProvider ordersSplitProvider = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(
-				ordersSplits);
-		RecordDescriptor ordersDesc = new RecordDescriptor(
-				new ISerializerDeserializer[] {
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE });
+        FileSplit[] ordersSplits = new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID, new FileReference(new File(
+                "data/tpch0.001/orders-part1.tbl"))) };
+        IFileSplitProvider ordersSplitProvider = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(ordersSplits);
+        RecordDescriptor ordersDesc = new RecordDescriptor(new ISerializerDeserializer[] {
+                UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+                UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+                UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+                UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+                UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE });
 
-		FileScanOperatorDescriptor ordScanner = new FileScanOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec, ordersSplitProvider, new DelimitedDataTupleParserFactory(
-						new IValueParserFactory[] {
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE }, '|'),
-				ordersDesc);
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
-				ordScanner, NC1_ID);
+        FileScanOperatorDescriptor ordScanner = new FileScanOperatorDescriptor(spec, ordersSplitProvider,
+                new DelimitedDataTupleParserFactory(new IValueParserFactory[] { UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
+                        UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE, UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
+                        UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE, UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
+                        UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE, UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
+                        UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE, UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE }, '|'), ordersDesc);
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, ordScanner, NC1_ID);
 
-		ExternalSortOperatorDescriptor sorter = new ExternalSortOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec,
-				1000,
-				new int[] { 0 },
-				new IBinaryComparatorFactory[] { UTF8StringBinaryComparatorFactory.INSTANCE },
-				ordersDesc);
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, sorter,
-				NC1_ID);
+        ExternalSortOperatorDescriptor sorter = new ExternalSortOperatorDescriptor(spec, 1000, new int[] { 0 },
+                new IBinaryComparatorFactory[] { UTF8StringBinaryComparatorFactory.INSTANCE }, ordersDesc);
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, sorter, NC1_ID);
 
-		int[] fieldPermutation = { 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 };
-		TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor primaryBtreeBulkLoad = new TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec, storageManager, treeIndexRegistryProvider,
-				primaryBtreeSplitProvider, primaryInteriorFrameFactory,
-				primaryLeafFrameFactory, primaryTypeTraits,
-				primaryComparatorFactories, fieldPermutation, 0.7f,
-				opHelperFactory);
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
-				primaryBtreeBulkLoad, NC1_ID);
+        int[] fieldPermutation = { 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 };
+        TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor primaryBtreeBulkLoad = new TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor(spec,
+                storageManager, indexRegistryProvider, primaryBtreeSplitProvider, primaryInteriorFrameFactory,
+                primaryLeafFrameFactory, primaryTypeTraits, primaryComparatorFactories, fieldPermutation, 0.7f,
+                dataflowHelperFactory);
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, primaryBtreeBulkLoad, NC1_ID);
 
-		spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), ordScanner, 0,
-				sorter, 0);
+        spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), ordScanner, 0, sorter, 0);
 
-		spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), sorter, 0,
-				primaryBtreeBulkLoad, 0);
+        spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), sorter, 0, primaryBtreeBulkLoad, 0);
 
-		spec.addRoot(primaryBtreeBulkLoad);
-		runTest(spec);
-	}
+        spec.addRoot(primaryBtreeBulkLoad);
+        runTest(spec);
+    }
 
-	@Test
-	public void scanPrimaryIndexTest() throws Exception {
-		JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+    @Test
+    public void scanPrimaryIndexTest() throws Exception {
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
 
-		// build dummy tuple containing nothing
-		ArrayTupleBuilder tb = new ArrayTupleBuilder(primaryKeyFieldCount * 2);
-		DataOutput dos = tb.getDataOutput();
+        // build dummy tuple containing nothing
+        ArrayTupleBuilder tb = new ArrayTupleBuilder(primaryKeyFieldCount * 2);
+        DataOutput dos = tb.getDataOutput();
 
-		tb.reset();
-		UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE.serialize("0", dos);
-		tb.addFieldEndOffset();
+        tb.reset();
+        UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE.serialize("0", dos);
+        tb.addFieldEndOffset();
 
-		ISerializerDeserializer[] keyRecDescSers = {
-				UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-				UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE };
-		RecordDescriptor keyRecDesc = new RecordDescriptor(keyRecDescSers);
+        ISerializerDeserializer[] keyRecDescSers = { UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+                UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE };
+        RecordDescriptor keyRecDesc = new RecordDescriptor(keyRecDescSers);
 
-		ConstantTupleSourceOperatorDescriptor keyProviderOp = new ConstantTupleSourceOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec, keyRecDesc, tb.getFieldEndOffsets(), tb.getByteArray(),
-				tb.getSize());
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
-				keyProviderOp, NC1_ID);
+        ConstantTupleSourceOperatorDescriptor keyProviderOp = new ConstantTupleSourceOperatorDescriptor(spec,
+                keyRecDesc, tb.getFieldEndOffsets(), tb.getByteArray(), tb.getSize());
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, keyProviderOp, NC1_ID);
 
-		int[] lowKeyFields = null; // - infinity
-		int[] highKeyFields = null; // + infinity
+        int[] lowKeyFields = null; // - infinity
+        int[] highKeyFields = null; // + infinity
 
-		BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor primaryBtreeSearchOp = new BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec, primaryRecDesc, storageManager,
-				treeIndexRegistryProvider, primaryBtreeSplitProvider,
-				primaryInteriorFrameFactory, primaryLeafFrameFactory,
-				primaryTypeTraits, primaryComparatorFactories, true,
-				lowKeyFields, highKeyFields, true, true, opHelperFactory);
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
-				primaryBtreeSearchOp, NC1_ID);
+        BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor primaryBtreeSearchOp = new BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor(spec, primaryRecDesc,
+                storageManager, indexRegistryProvider, primaryBtreeSplitProvider, primaryInteriorFrameFactory,
+                primaryLeafFrameFactory, primaryTypeTraits, primaryComparatorFactories, true, lowKeyFields,
+                highKeyFields, true, true, dataflowHelperFactory);
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, primaryBtreeSearchOp, NC1_ID);
 
         IFileSplitProvider outSplits = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID,
                 createTempFile().getAbsolutePath()) });
         IOperatorDescriptor printer = new PlainFileWriterOperatorDescriptor(spec, outSplits, ",");
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, printer,
-				NC1_ID);
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, printer, NC1_ID);
 
-		spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), keyProviderOp, 0,
-				primaryBtreeSearchOp, 0);
-		spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec),
-				primaryBtreeSearchOp, 0, printer, 0);
+        spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), keyProviderOp, 0, primaryBtreeSearchOp, 0);
+        spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), primaryBtreeSearchOp, 0, printer, 0);
 
-		spec.addRoot(printer);
-		runTest(spec);
-	}
+        spec.addRoot(printer);
+        runTest(spec);
+    }
 
-	@AfterClass
-	public static void cleanup() throws Exception {
-		File primary = new File(primaryFileName);
-		primary.deleteOnExit();
-	}
+    @AfterClass
+    public static void cleanup() throws Exception {
+        File primary = new File(primaryFileName);
+        primary.deleteOnExit();
+    }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/btree/BTreePrimaryIndexSearchOperatorTest.java b/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/btree/BTreePrimaryIndexSearchOperatorTest.java
index 76679c2..a043675 100644
--- a/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/btree/BTreePrimaryIndexSearchOperatorTest.java
+++ b/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/btree/BTreePrimaryIndexSearchOperatorTest.java
@@ -46,202 +46,158 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.file.PlainFileWriterOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.misc.ConstantTupleSourceOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.sort.ExternalSortOperatorDescriptor;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.dataflow.BTreeOpHelperFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.dataflow.BTreeDataflowHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.dataflow.BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.frames.BTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.frames.BTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrameFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndex;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexDataflowHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexRegistryProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.tuples.TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.IStorageManagerInterface;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestIndexRegistryProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestStorageManagerComponentHolder;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestStorageManagerInterface;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestTreeIndexRegistryProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.tests.integration.AbstractIntegrationTest;
 
-public class BTreePrimaryIndexSearchOperatorTest extends
-		AbstractIntegrationTest {
-	static {
-		TestStorageManagerComponentHolder.init(8192, 20, 20);
-	}
+public class BTreePrimaryIndexSearchOperatorTest extends AbstractIntegrationTest {
+    static {
+        TestStorageManagerComponentHolder.init(8192, 20, 20);
+    }
 
-	private IStorageManagerInterface storageManager = new TestStorageManagerInterface();
-	private IIndexRegistryProvider<ITreeIndex> treeIndexRegistryProvider = new TestTreeIndexRegistryProvider();
-	private ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory opHelperFactory = new BTreeOpHelperFactory();
+    private IStorageManagerInterface storageManager = new TestStorageManagerInterface();
+    private IIndexRegistryProvider<IIndex> indexRegistryProvider = new TestIndexRegistryProvider();
+    private IIndexDataflowHelperFactory dataflowHelperFactory = new BTreeDataflowHelperFactory();
 
-	private final static SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(
-			"ddMMyy-hhmmssSS");
-	private final static String sep = System.getProperty("file.separator");
+    private final static SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("ddMMyy-hhmmssSS");
+    private final static String sep = System.getProperty("file.separator");
 
-	// field, type and key declarations for primary index
-	private int primaryFieldCount = 6;
-	private ITypeTrait[] primaryTypeTraits = new ITypeTrait[primaryFieldCount];
-	private int primaryKeyFieldCount = 1;
-	private IBinaryComparatorFactory[] primaryComparatorFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[primaryKeyFieldCount];
-	private TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory primaryTupleWriterFactory = new TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory(
-			primaryTypeTraits);
-	private ITreeIndexFrameFactory primaryInteriorFrameFactory = new BTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory(
-			primaryTupleWriterFactory);
-	private ITreeIndexFrameFactory primaryLeafFrameFactory = new BTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory(
-			primaryTupleWriterFactory);
+    // field, type and key declarations for primary index
+    private int primaryFieldCount = 6;
+    private ITypeTrait[] primaryTypeTraits = new ITypeTrait[primaryFieldCount];
+    private int primaryKeyFieldCount = 1;
+    private IBinaryComparatorFactory[] primaryComparatorFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[primaryKeyFieldCount];
+    private TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory primaryTupleWriterFactory = new TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory(primaryTypeTraits);
+    private ITreeIndexFrameFactory primaryInteriorFrameFactory = new BTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory(
+            primaryTupleWriterFactory);
+    private ITreeIndexFrameFactory primaryLeafFrameFactory = new BTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory(primaryTupleWriterFactory);
 
-	private static String primaryBtreeName = "primary"
-			+ simpleDateFormat.format(new Date());
-	private static String primaryFileName = System
-			.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir") + sep + primaryBtreeName;
+    private static String primaryBtreeName = "primary" + simpleDateFormat.format(new Date());
+    private static String primaryFileName = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir") + sep + primaryBtreeName;
 
-	private IFileSplitProvider primaryBtreeSplitProvider = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(
-			new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID, new FileReference(new File(
-					primaryFileName))) });
+    private IFileSplitProvider primaryBtreeSplitProvider = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(
+            new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID, new FileReference(new File(primaryFileName))) });
 
-	private RecordDescriptor primaryRecDesc = new RecordDescriptor(
-			new ISerializerDeserializer[] {
-					UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-					UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-					UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-					UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-					UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-					UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE });
+    private RecordDescriptor primaryRecDesc = new RecordDescriptor(new ISerializerDeserializer[] {
+            UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+            UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+            UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE });
 
-	@Before
-	public void setup() throws Exception {
-		// field, type and key declarations for primary index
-		primaryTypeTraits[0] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryTypeTraits[1] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryTypeTraits[2] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryTypeTraits[3] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryTypeTraits[4] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryTypeTraits[5] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryComparatorFactories[0] = UTF8StringBinaryComparatorFactory.INSTANCE;
+    @Before
+    public void setup() throws Exception {
+        // field, type and key declarations for primary index
+        primaryTypeTraits[0] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryTypeTraits[1] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryTypeTraits[2] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryTypeTraits[3] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryTypeTraits[4] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryTypeTraits[5] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryComparatorFactories[0] = UTF8StringBinaryComparatorFactory.INSTANCE;
 
-		loadPrimaryIndexTest();
-	}
+        loadPrimaryIndexTest();
+    }
 
-	public void loadPrimaryIndexTest() throws Exception {
-		JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+    public void loadPrimaryIndexTest() throws Exception {
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
 
-		FileSplit[] ordersSplits = new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID,
-				new FileReference(new File("data/tpch0.001/orders-part1.tbl"))) };
-		IFileSplitProvider ordersSplitProvider = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(
-				ordersSplits);
-		RecordDescriptor ordersDesc = new RecordDescriptor(
-				new ISerializerDeserializer[] {
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE });
+        FileSplit[] ordersSplits = new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID, new FileReference(new File(
+                "data/tpch0.001/orders-part1.tbl"))) };
+        IFileSplitProvider ordersSplitProvider = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(ordersSplits);
+        RecordDescriptor ordersDesc = new RecordDescriptor(new ISerializerDeserializer[] {
+                UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+                UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+                UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+                UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+                UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE });
 
-		FileScanOperatorDescriptor ordScanner = new FileScanOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec, ordersSplitProvider, new DelimitedDataTupleParserFactory(
-						new IValueParserFactory[] {
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE }, '|'),
-				ordersDesc);
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
-				ordScanner, NC1_ID);
+        FileScanOperatorDescriptor ordScanner = new FileScanOperatorDescriptor(spec, ordersSplitProvider,
+                new DelimitedDataTupleParserFactory(new IValueParserFactory[] { UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
+                        UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE, UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
+                        UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE, UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
+                        UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE, UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
+                        UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE, UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE }, '|'), ordersDesc);
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, ordScanner, NC1_ID);
 
-		ExternalSortOperatorDescriptor sorter = new ExternalSortOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec,
-				1000,
-				new int[] { 0 },
-				new IBinaryComparatorFactory[] { UTF8StringBinaryComparatorFactory.INSTANCE },
-				ordersDesc);
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, sorter,
-				NC1_ID);
+        ExternalSortOperatorDescriptor sorter = new ExternalSortOperatorDescriptor(spec, 1000, new int[] { 0 },
+                new IBinaryComparatorFactory[] { UTF8StringBinaryComparatorFactory.INSTANCE }, ordersDesc);
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, sorter, NC1_ID);
 
-		int[] fieldPermutation = { 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 };
-		TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor primaryBtreeBulkLoad = new TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec, storageManager, treeIndexRegistryProvider,
-				primaryBtreeSplitProvider, primaryInteriorFrameFactory,
-				primaryLeafFrameFactory, primaryTypeTraits,
-				primaryComparatorFactories, fieldPermutation, 0.7f,
-				opHelperFactory);
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
-				primaryBtreeBulkLoad, NC1_ID);
+        int[] fieldPermutation = { 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 };
+        TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor primaryBtreeBulkLoad = new TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor(spec,
+                storageManager, indexRegistryProvider, primaryBtreeSplitProvider, primaryInteriorFrameFactory,
+                primaryLeafFrameFactory, primaryTypeTraits, primaryComparatorFactories, fieldPermutation, 0.7f,
+                dataflowHelperFactory);
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, primaryBtreeBulkLoad, NC1_ID);
 
-		spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), ordScanner, 0,
-				sorter, 0);
+        spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), ordScanner, 0, sorter, 0);
 
-		spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), sorter, 0,
-				primaryBtreeBulkLoad, 0);
+        spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), sorter, 0, primaryBtreeBulkLoad, 0);
 
-		spec.addRoot(primaryBtreeBulkLoad);
-		runTest(spec);
-	}
+        spec.addRoot(primaryBtreeBulkLoad);
+        runTest(spec);
+    }
 
-	@Test
-	public void searchPrimaryIndexTest() throws Exception {
-		JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+    @Test
+    public void searchPrimaryIndexTest() throws Exception {
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
 
-		// build tuple containing low and high search key
-		// high key and low key
-		ArrayTupleBuilder tb = new ArrayTupleBuilder(primaryKeyFieldCount * 2);
-		DataOutput dos = tb.getDataOutput();
+        // build tuple containing low and high search key
+        // high key and low key
+        ArrayTupleBuilder tb = new ArrayTupleBuilder(primaryKeyFieldCount * 2);
+        DataOutput dos = tb.getDataOutput();
 
-		tb.reset();
-		// low key
-		UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE.serialize("100", dos);
-		tb.addFieldEndOffset();
-		// high key
-		UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE.serialize("200", dos);
-		tb.addFieldEndOffset();
+        tb.reset();
+        // low key
+        UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE.serialize("100", dos);
+        tb.addFieldEndOffset();
+        // high key
+        UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE.serialize("200", dos);
+        tb.addFieldEndOffset();
 
-		ISerializerDeserializer[] keyRecDescSers = {
-				UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-				UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE };
-		RecordDescriptor keyRecDesc = new RecordDescriptor(keyRecDescSers);
+        ISerializerDeserializer[] keyRecDescSers = { UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+                UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE };
+        RecordDescriptor keyRecDesc = new RecordDescriptor(keyRecDescSers);
 
-		ConstantTupleSourceOperatorDescriptor keyProviderOp = new ConstantTupleSourceOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec, keyRecDesc, tb.getFieldEndOffsets(), tb.getByteArray(),
-				tb.getSize());
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
-				keyProviderOp, NC1_ID);
+        ConstantTupleSourceOperatorDescriptor keyProviderOp = new ConstantTupleSourceOperatorDescriptor(spec,
+                keyRecDesc, tb.getFieldEndOffsets(), tb.getByteArray(), tb.getSize());
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, keyProviderOp, NC1_ID);
 
-		int[] lowKeyFields = { 0 };
-		int[] highKeyFields = { 1 };
+        int[] lowKeyFields = { 0 };
+        int[] highKeyFields = { 1 };
 
-		BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor primaryBtreeSearchOp = new BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec, primaryRecDesc, storageManager,
-				treeIndexRegistryProvider, primaryBtreeSplitProvider,
-				primaryInteriorFrameFactory, primaryLeafFrameFactory,
-				primaryTypeTraits, primaryComparatorFactories, true,
-				lowKeyFields, highKeyFields, true, true, opHelperFactory);
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
-				primaryBtreeSearchOp, NC1_ID);
+        BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor primaryBtreeSearchOp = new BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor(spec, primaryRecDesc,
+                storageManager, indexRegistryProvider, primaryBtreeSplitProvider, primaryInteriorFrameFactory,
+                primaryLeafFrameFactory, primaryTypeTraits, primaryComparatorFactories, true, lowKeyFields,
+                highKeyFields, true, true, dataflowHelperFactory);
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, primaryBtreeSearchOp, NC1_ID);
 
         IFileSplitProvider outSplits = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID,
                 createTempFile().getAbsolutePath()) });
         IOperatorDescriptor printer = new PlainFileWriterOperatorDescriptor(spec, outSplits, ",");
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, printer,
-				NC1_ID);
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, printer, NC1_ID);
 
-		spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), keyProviderOp, 0,
-				primaryBtreeSearchOp, 0);
-		spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec),
-				primaryBtreeSearchOp, 0, printer, 0);
+        spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), keyProviderOp, 0, primaryBtreeSearchOp, 0);
+        spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), primaryBtreeSearchOp, 0, printer, 0);
 
-		spec.addRoot(printer);
-		runTest(spec);
-	}
+        spec.addRoot(printer);
+        runTest(spec);
+    }
 
-	@AfterClass
-	public static void cleanup() throws Exception {
-		File primary = new File(primaryFileName);
-		primary.deleteOnExit();
-	}
+    @AfterClass
+    public static void cleanup() throws Exception {
+        File primary = new File(primaryFileName);
+        primary.deleteOnExit();
+    }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/btree/BTreePrimaryIndexStatsOperatorTest.java b/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/btree/BTreePrimaryIndexStatsOperatorTest.java
index 51486c6..51d3db1 100644
--- a/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/btree/BTreePrimaryIndexStatsOperatorTest.java
+++ b/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/btree/BTreePrimaryIndexStatsOperatorTest.java
@@ -43,20 +43,20 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.file.IFileSplitProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.file.PlainFileWriterOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.sort.ExternalSortOperatorDescriptor;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.dataflow.BTreeOpHelperFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.dataflow.BTreeDataflowHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.frames.BTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.frames.BTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrameFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndex;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexDataflowHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexRegistryProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.TreeIndexStatsOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.tuples.TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.IStorageManagerInterface;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestIndexRegistryProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestStorageManagerComponentHolder;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestStorageManagerInterface;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestTreeIndexRegistryProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.tests.integration.AbstractIntegrationTest;
 
 public class BTreePrimaryIndexStatsOperatorTest extends AbstractIntegrationTest {
@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@
     }
 
     private IStorageManagerInterface storageManager = new TestStorageManagerInterface();
-    private IIndexRegistryProvider<ITreeIndex> treeIndexRegistryProvider = new TestTreeIndexRegistryProvider();
-    private ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory opHelperFactory = new BTreeOpHelperFactory();
+    private IIndexRegistryProvider<IIndex> indexRegistryProvider = new TestIndexRegistryProvider();
+    private IIndexDataflowHelperFactory dataflowHelperFactory = new BTreeDataflowHelperFactory();
 
     private final static SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("ddMMyy-hhmmssSS");
     private final static String sep = System.getProperty("file.separator");
@@ -133,9 +133,9 @@
 
         int[] fieldPermutation = { 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 };
         TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor primaryBtreeBulkLoad = new TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor(spec,
-                storageManager, treeIndexRegistryProvider, primaryBtreeSplitProvider, primaryInteriorFrameFactory,
+                storageManager, indexRegistryProvider, primaryBtreeSplitProvider, primaryInteriorFrameFactory,
                 primaryLeafFrameFactory, primaryTypeTraits, primaryComparatorFactories, fieldPermutation, 0.7f,
-                opHelperFactory);
+                dataflowHelperFactory);
         PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, primaryBtreeBulkLoad, NC1_ID);
 
         spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), ordScanner, 0, sorter, 0);
@@ -151,8 +151,8 @@
         JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
 
         TreeIndexStatsOperatorDescriptor primaryStatsOp = new TreeIndexStatsOperatorDescriptor(spec, storageManager,
-                treeIndexRegistryProvider, primaryBtreeSplitProvider, primaryInteriorFrameFactory,
-                primaryLeafFrameFactory, primaryTypeTraits, primaryComparatorFactories, opHelperFactory);
+                indexRegistryProvider, primaryBtreeSplitProvider, primaryInteriorFrameFactory, primaryLeafFrameFactory,
+                primaryTypeTraits, primaryComparatorFactories, dataflowHelperFactory);
         PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, primaryStatsOp, NC1_ID);
         IFileSplitProvider outSplits = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID,
                 createTempFile().getAbsolutePath()) });
diff --git a/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/btree/BTreeSecondaryIndexInsertOperatorTest.java b/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/btree/BTreeSecondaryIndexInsertOperatorTest.java
index 386cba3..3b6b202 100644
--- a/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/btree/BTreeSecondaryIndexInsertOperatorTest.java
+++ b/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/btree/BTreeSecondaryIndexInsertOperatorTest.java
@@ -47,404 +47,307 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.misc.ConstantTupleSourceOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.misc.NullSinkOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.sort.ExternalSortOperatorDescriptor;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.dataflow.BTreeOpHelperFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.dataflow.BTreeDataflowHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.dataflow.BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.frames.BTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.frames.BTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrameFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndex;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexDataflowHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexRegistryProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.TreeIndexInsertUpdateDeleteOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.ophelpers.IndexOp;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.tuples.TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.IStorageManagerInterface;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestIndexRegistryProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestStorageManagerComponentHolder;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestStorageManagerInterface;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestTreeIndexRegistryProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.tests.integration.AbstractIntegrationTest;
 
-public class BTreeSecondaryIndexInsertOperatorTest extends
-		AbstractIntegrationTest {
-	static {
-		TestStorageManagerComponentHolder.init(8192, 20, 20);
-	}
+public class BTreeSecondaryIndexInsertOperatorTest extends AbstractIntegrationTest {
+    static {
+        TestStorageManagerComponentHolder.init(8192, 20, 20);
+    }
 
-	private IStorageManagerInterface storageManager = new TestStorageManagerInterface();
-	private IIndexRegistryProvider<ITreeIndex> treeIndexRegistryProvider = new TestTreeIndexRegistryProvider();
-	private ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory opHelperFactory = new BTreeOpHelperFactory();
+    private IStorageManagerInterface storageManager = new TestStorageManagerInterface();
+    private IIndexRegistryProvider<IIndex> indexRegistryProvider = new TestIndexRegistryProvider();
+    private IIndexDataflowHelperFactory dataflowHelperFactory = new BTreeDataflowHelperFactory();
 
-	private final static SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(
-			"ddMMyy-hhmmssSS");
-	private final static String sep = System.getProperty("file.separator");
+    private final static SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("ddMMyy-hhmmssSS");
+    private final static String sep = System.getProperty("file.separator");
 
-	// field, type and key declarations for primary index
-	private int primaryFieldCount = 6;
-	private ITypeTrait[] primaryTypeTraits = new ITypeTrait[primaryFieldCount];
-	private int primaryKeyFieldCount = 1;
-	private IBinaryComparatorFactory[] primaryComparatorFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[primaryKeyFieldCount];
-	private TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory primaryTupleWriterFactory = new TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory(
-			primaryTypeTraits);
-	private ITreeIndexFrameFactory primaryInteriorFrameFactory = new BTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory(
-			primaryTupleWriterFactory);
-	private ITreeIndexFrameFactory primaryLeafFrameFactory = new BTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory(
-			primaryTupleWriterFactory);
+    // field, type and key declarations for primary index
+    private int primaryFieldCount = 6;
+    private ITypeTrait[] primaryTypeTraits = new ITypeTrait[primaryFieldCount];
+    private int primaryKeyFieldCount = 1;
+    private IBinaryComparatorFactory[] primaryComparatorFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[primaryKeyFieldCount];
+    private TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory primaryTupleWriterFactory = new TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory(primaryTypeTraits);
+    private ITreeIndexFrameFactory primaryInteriorFrameFactory = new BTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory(
+            primaryTupleWriterFactory);
+    private ITreeIndexFrameFactory primaryLeafFrameFactory = new BTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory(primaryTupleWriterFactory);
 
-	private static String primaryBtreeName = "primary"
-			+ simpleDateFormat.format(new Date());
-	private static String primaryFileName = System
-			.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir") + sep + primaryBtreeName;
+    private static String primaryBtreeName = "primary" + simpleDateFormat.format(new Date());
+    private static String primaryFileName = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir") + sep + primaryBtreeName;
 
-	private IFileSplitProvider primaryBtreeSplitProvider = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(
-			new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID, new FileReference(new File(
-					primaryFileName))) });
+    private IFileSplitProvider primaryBtreeSplitProvider = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(
+            new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID, new FileReference(new File(primaryFileName))) });
 
-	private RecordDescriptor primaryRecDesc = new RecordDescriptor(
-			new ISerializerDeserializer[] {
-					UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-					UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-					UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-					UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-					UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-					UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE });
+    private RecordDescriptor primaryRecDesc = new RecordDescriptor(new ISerializerDeserializer[] {
+            UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+            UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+            UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE });
 
-	// field, type and key declarations for secondary indexes
-	private int secondaryFieldCount = 2;
-	private ITypeTrait[] secondaryTypeTraits = new ITypeTrait[secondaryFieldCount];
-	private int secondaryKeyFieldCount = 2;
-	private IBinaryComparatorFactory[] secondaryComparatorFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[secondaryKeyFieldCount];
-	private TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory secondaryTupleWriterFactory = new TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory(
-			secondaryTypeTraits);
-	private ITreeIndexFrameFactory secondaryInteriorFrameFactory = new BTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory(
-			secondaryTupleWriterFactory);
-	private ITreeIndexFrameFactory secondaryLeafFrameFactory = new BTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory(
-			secondaryTupleWriterFactory);
+    // field, type and key declarations for secondary indexes
+    private int secondaryFieldCount = 2;
+    private ITypeTrait[] secondaryTypeTraits = new ITypeTrait[secondaryFieldCount];
+    private int secondaryKeyFieldCount = 2;
+    private IBinaryComparatorFactory[] secondaryComparatorFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[secondaryKeyFieldCount];
+    private TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory secondaryTupleWriterFactory = new TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory(
+            secondaryTypeTraits);
+    private ITreeIndexFrameFactory secondaryInteriorFrameFactory = new BTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory(
+            secondaryTupleWriterFactory);
+    private ITreeIndexFrameFactory secondaryLeafFrameFactory = new BTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory(secondaryTupleWriterFactory);
 
-	private static String secondaryBtreeName = "secondary"
-			+ simpleDateFormat.format(new Date());
-	private static String secondaryFileName = System
-			.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir") + sep + secondaryBtreeName;
+    private static String secondaryBtreeName = "secondary" + simpleDateFormat.format(new Date());
+    private static String secondaryFileName = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir") + sep + secondaryBtreeName;
 
-	private IFileSplitProvider secondaryBtreeSplitProvider = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(
-			new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID, new FileReference(new File(
-					secondaryFileName))) });
+    private IFileSplitProvider secondaryBtreeSplitProvider = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(
+            new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID, new FileReference(new File(secondaryFileName))) });
 
-	private RecordDescriptor secondaryRecDesc = new RecordDescriptor(
-			new ISerializerDeserializer[] {
-					UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-					UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE });
+    private RecordDescriptor secondaryRecDesc = new RecordDescriptor(new ISerializerDeserializer[] {
+            UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE });
 
-	@Before
-	public void setup() throws Exception {
-		// field, type and key declarations for primary index
-		primaryTypeTraits[0] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryTypeTraits[1] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryTypeTraits[2] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryTypeTraits[3] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryTypeTraits[4] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryTypeTraits[5] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryComparatorFactories[0] = UTF8StringBinaryComparatorFactory.INSTANCE;
+    @Before
+    public void setup() throws Exception {
+        // field, type and key declarations for primary index
+        primaryTypeTraits[0] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryTypeTraits[1] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryTypeTraits[2] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryTypeTraits[3] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryTypeTraits[4] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryTypeTraits[5] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryComparatorFactories[0] = UTF8StringBinaryComparatorFactory.INSTANCE;
 
-		// field, type and key declarations for secondary indexes
-		secondaryTypeTraits[0] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		secondaryTypeTraits[1] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		secondaryComparatorFactories[0] = UTF8StringBinaryComparatorFactory.INSTANCE;
-		secondaryComparatorFactories[1] = UTF8StringBinaryComparatorFactory.INSTANCE;
+        // field, type and key declarations for secondary indexes
+        secondaryTypeTraits[0] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        secondaryTypeTraits[1] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        secondaryComparatorFactories[0] = UTF8StringBinaryComparatorFactory.INSTANCE;
+        secondaryComparatorFactories[1] = UTF8StringBinaryComparatorFactory.INSTANCE;
 
-		loadPrimaryIndexTest();
-		loadSecondaryIndexTest();
-		insertPipelineTest();
-	}
+        loadPrimaryIndexTest();
+        loadSecondaryIndexTest();
+        insertPipelineTest();
+    }
 
-	public void loadPrimaryIndexTest() throws Exception {
-		JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+    public void loadPrimaryIndexTest() throws Exception {
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
 
-		FileSplit[] ordersSplits = new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID,
-				new FileReference(new File("data/tpch0.001/orders-part1.tbl"))) };
-		IFileSplitProvider ordersSplitProvider = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(
-				ordersSplits);
-		RecordDescriptor ordersDesc = new RecordDescriptor(
-				new ISerializerDeserializer[] {
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE });
+        FileSplit[] ordersSplits = new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID, new FileReference(new File(
+                "data/tpch0.001/orders-part1.tbl"))) };
+        IFileSplitProvider ordersSplitProvider = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(ordersSplits);
+        RecordDescriptor ordersDesc = new RecordDescriptor(new ISerializerDeserializer[] {
+                UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+                UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+                UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+                UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+                UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE });
 
-		FileScanOperatorDescriptor ordScanner = new FileScanOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec, ordersSplitProvider, new DelimitedDataTupleParserFactory(
-						new IValueParserFactory[] {
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE }, '|'),
-				ordersDesc);
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
-				ordScanner, NC1_ID);
+        FileScanOperatorDescriptor ordScanner = new FileScanOperatorDescriptor(spec, ordersSplitProvider,
+                new DelimitedDataTupleParserFactory(new IValueParserFactory[] { UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
+                        UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE, UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
+                        UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE, UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
+                        UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE, UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
+                        UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE, UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE }, '|'), ordersDesc);
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, ordScanner, NC1_ID);
 
-		ExternalSortOperatorDescriptor sorter = new ExternalSortOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec,
-				1000,
-				new int[] { 0 },
-				new IBinaryComparatorFactory[] { UTF8StringBinaryComparatorFactory.INSTANCE },
-				ordersDesc);
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, sorter,
-				NC1_ID);
+        ExternalSortOperatorDescriptor sorter = new ExternalSortOperatorDescriptor(spec, 1000, new int[] { 0 },
+                new IBinaryComparatorFactory[] { UTF8StringBinaryComparatorFactory.INSTANCE }, ordersDesc);
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, sorter, NC1_ID);
 
-		int[] fieldPermutation = { 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 };
-		TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor primaryBtreeBulkLoad = new TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec, storageManager, treeIndexRegistryProvider,
-				primaryBtreeSplitProvider, primaryInteriorFrameFactory,
-				primaryLeafFrameFactory, primaryTypeTraits,
-				primaryComparatorFactories, fieldPermutation, 0.7f,
-				opHelperFactory);
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
-				primaryBtreeBulkLoad, NC1_ID);
+        int[] fieldPermutation = { 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 };
+        TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor primaryBtreeBulkLoad = new TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor(spec,
+                storageManager, indexRegistryProvider, primaryBtreeSplitProvider, primaryInteriorFrameFactory,
+                primaryLeafFrameFactory, primaryTypeTraits, primaryComparatorFactories, fieldPermutation, 0.7f,
+                dataflowHelperFactory);
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, primaryBtreeBulkLoad, NC1_ID);
 
-		spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), ordScanner, 0,
-				sorter, 0);
+        spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), ordScanner, 0, sorter, 0);
 
-		spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), sorter, 0,
-				primaryBtreeBulkLoad, 0);
+        spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), sorter, 0, primaryBtreeBulkLoad, 0);
 
-		spec.addRoot(primaryBtreeBulkLoad);
-		runTest(spec);
-	}
+        spec.addRoot(primaryBtreeBulkLoad);
+        runTest(spec);
+    }
 
-	public void loadSecondaryIndexTest() throws Exception {
-		JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+    public void loadSecondaryIndexTest() throws Exception {
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
 
-		// build dummy tuple containing nothing
-		ArrayTupleBuilder tb = new ArrayTupleBuilder(primaryKeyFieldCount * 2);
-		DataOutput dos = tb.getDataOutput();
+        // build dummy tuple containing nothing
+        ArrayTupleBuilder tb = new ArrayTupleBuilder(primaryKeyFieldCount * 2);
+        DataOutput dos = tb.getDataOutput();
 
-		tb.reset();
-		UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE.serialize("0", dos);
-		tb.addFieldEndOffset();
+        tb.reset();
+        UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE.serialize("0", dos);
+        tb.addFieldEndOffset();
 
-		ISerializerDeserializer[] keyRecDescSers = {
-				UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-				UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE };
-		RecordDescriptor keyRecDesc = new RecordDescriptor(keyRecDescSers);
+        ISerializerDeserializer[] keyRecDescSers = { UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+                UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE };
+        RecordDescriptor keyRecDesc = new RecordDescriptor(keyRecDescSers);
 
-		ConstantTupleSourceOperatorDescriptor keyProviderOp = new ConstantTupleSourceOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec, keyRecDesc, tb.getFieldEndOffsets(), tb.getByteArray(),
-				tb.getSize());
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
-				keyProviderOp, NC1_ID);
+        ConstantTupleSourceOperatorDescriptor keyProviderOp = new ConstantTupleSourceOperatorDescriptor(spec,
+                keyRecDesc, tb.getFieldEndOffsets(), tb.getByteArray(), tb.getSize());
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, keyProviderOp, NC1_ID);
 
-		int[] lowKeyFields = null; // - infinity
-		int[] highKeyFields = null; // + infinity
+        int[] lowKeyFields = null; // - infinity
+        int[] highKeyFields = null; // + infinity
 
-		// scan primary index
-		BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor primaryBtreeSearchOp = new BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec, primaryRecDesc, storageManager,
-				treeIndexRegistryProvider, primaryBtreeSplitProvider,
-				primaryInteriorFrameFactory, primaryLeafFrameFactory,
-				primaryTypeTraits, primaryComparatorFactories, true,
-				lowKeyFields, highKeyFields, true, true, opHelperFactory);
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
-				primaryBtreeSearchOp, NC1_ID);
+        // scan primary index
+        BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor primaryBtreeSearchOp = new BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor(spec, primaryRecDesc,
+                storageManager, indexRegistryProvider, primaryBtreeSplitProvider, primaryInteriorFrameFactory,
+                primaryLeafFrameFactory, primaryTypeTraits, primaryComparatorFactories, true, lowKeyFields,
+                highKeyFields, true, true, dataflowHelperFactory);
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, primaryBtreeSearchOp, NC1_ID);
 
-		// sort based on secondary keys
-		ExternalSortOperatorDescriptor sorter = new ExternalSortOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec,
-				1000,
-				new int[] { 3, 0 },
-				new IBinaryComparatorFactory[] { UTF8StringBinaryComparatorFactory.INSTANCE },
-				primaryRecDesc);
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, sorter,
-				NC1_ID);
+        // sort based on secondary keys
+        ExternalSortOperatorDescriptor sorter = new ExternalSortOperatorDescriptor(spec, 1000, new int[] { 3, 0 },
+                new IBinaryComparatorFactory[] { UTF8StringBinaryComparatorFactory.INSTANCE }, primaryRecDesc);
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, sorter, NC1_ID);
 
-		// load secondary index
-		int[] fieldPermutation = { 3, 0 };
-		TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor secondaryBtreeBulkLoad = new TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec, storageManager, treeIndexRegistryProvider,
-				secondaryBtreeSplitProvider, secondaryInteriorFrameFactory,
-				secondaryLeafFrameFactory, secondaryTypeTraits,
-				secondaryComparatorFactories, fieldPermutation, 0.7f,
-				opHelperFactory);
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
-				secondaryBtreeBulkLoad, NC1_ID);
+        // load secondary index
+        int[] fieldPermutation = { 3, 0 };
+        TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor secondaryBtreeBulkLoad = new TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor(spec,
+                storageManager, indexRegistryProvider, secondaryBtreeSplitProvider, secondaryInteriorFrameFactory,
+                secondaryLeafFrameFactory, secondaryTypeTraits, secondaryComparatorFactories, fieldPermutation, 0.7f,
+                dataflowHelperFactory);
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, secondaryBtreeBulkLoad, NC1_ID);
 
-		spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), keyProviderOp, 0,
-				primaryBtreeSearchOp, 0);
-		spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec),
-				primaryBtreeSearchOp, 0, sorter, 0);
-		spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), sorter, 0,
-				secondaryBtreeBulkLoad, 0);
+        spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), keyProviderOp, 0, primaryBtreeSearchOp, 0);
+        spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), primaryBtreeSearchOp, 0, sorter, 0);
+        spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), sorter, 0, secondaryBtreeBulkLoad, 0);
 
-		spec.addRoot(secondaryBtreeBulkLoad);
-		runTest(spec);
-	}
+        spec.addRoot(secondaryBtreeBulkLoad);
+        runTest(spec);
+    }
 
-	public void insertPipelineTest() throws Exception {
+    public void insertPipelineTest() throws Exception {
 
-		JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
 
-		FileSplit[] ordersSplits = new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID,
-				new FileReference(new File("data/tpch0.001/orders-part2.tbl"))) };
-		IFileSplitProvider ordersSplitProvider = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(
-				ordersSplits);
-		RecordDescriptor ordersDesc = new RecordDescriptor(
-				new ISerializerDeserializer[] {
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE });
+        FileSplit[] ordersSplits = new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID, new FileReference(new File(
+                "data/tpch0.001/orders-part2.tbl"))) };
+        IFileSplitProvider ordersSplitProvider = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(ordersSplits);
+        RecordDescriptor ordersDesc = new RecordDescriptor(new ISerializerDeserializer[] {
+                UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+                UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+                UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+                UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+                UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE });
 
-		FileScanOperatorDescriptor ordScanner = new FileScanOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec, ordersSplitProvider, new DelimitedDataTupleParserFactory(
-						new IValueParserFactory[] {
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE }, '|'),
-				ordersDesc);
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
-				ordScanner, NC1_ID);
+        FileScanOperatorDescriptor ordScanner = new FileScanOperatorDescriptor(spec, ordersSplitProvider,
+                new DelimitedDataTupleParserFactory(new IValueParserFactory[] { UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
+                        UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE, UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
+                        UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE, UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
+                        UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE, UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
+                        UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE, UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE }, '|'), ordersDesc);
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, ordScanner, NC1_ID);
 
-		// insert into primary index
-		int[] primaryFieldPermutation = { 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 };
-		TreeIndexInsertUpdateDeleteOperatorDescriptor primaryBtreeInsertOp = new TreeIndexInsertUpdateDeleteOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec, ordersDesc, storageManager, treeIndexRegistryProvider,
-				primaryBtreeSplitProvider, primaryInteriorFrameFactory,
-				primaryLeafFrameFactory, primaryTypeTraits,
-				primaryComparatorFactories, primaryFieldPermutation,
-				IndexOp.INSERT, opHelperFactory);
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
-				primaryBtreeInsertOp, NC1_ID);
+        // insert into primary index
+        int[] primaryFieldPermutation = { 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 };
+        TreeIndexInsertUpdateDeleteOperatorDescriptor primaryBtreeInsertOp = new TreeIndexInsertUpdateDeleteOperatorDescriptor(
+                spec, ordersDesc, storageManager, indexRegistryProvider, primaryBtreeSplitProvider,
+                primaryInteriorFrameFactory, primaryLeafFrameFactory, primaryTypeTraits, primaryComparatorFactories,
+                primaryFieldPermutation, IndexOp.INSERT, dataflowHelperFactory);
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, primaryBtreeInsertOp, NC1_ID);
 
-		// first secondary index
-		int[] fieldPermutationB = { 4, 0 };
-		TreeIndexInsertUpdateDeleteOperatorDescriptor secondaryInsertOp = new TreeIndexInsertUpdateDeleteOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec, ordersDesc, storageManager, treeIndexRegistryProvider,
-				secondaryBtreeSplitProvider, secondaryInteriorFrameFactory,
-				secondaryLeafFrameFactory, secondaryTypeTraits,
-				secondaryComparatorFactories, fieldPermutationB,
-				IndexOp.INSERT, opHelperFactory);
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
-				secondaryInsertOp, NC1_ID);
+        // first secondary index
+        int[] fieldPermutationB = { 4, 0 };
+        TreeIndexInsertUpdateDeleteOperatorDescriptor secondaryInsertOp = new TreeIndexInsertUpdateDeleteOperatorDescriptor(
+                spec, ordersDesc, storageManager, indexRegistryProvider, secondaryBtreeSplitProvider,
+                secondaryInteriorFrameFactory, secondaryLeafFrameFactory, secondaryTypeTraits,
+                secondaryComparatorFactories, fieldPermutationB, IndexOp.INSERT, dataflowHelperFactory);
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, secondaryInsertOp, NC1_ID);
 
-		NullSinkOperatorDescriptor nullSink = new NullSinkOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec);
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, nullSink,
-				NC1_ID);
+        NullSinkOperatorDescriptor nullSink = new NullSinkOperatorDescriptor(spec);
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, nullSink, NC1_ID);
 
-		spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), ordScanner, 0,
-				primaryBtreeInsertOp, 0);
+        spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), ordScanner, 0, primaryBtreeInsertOp, 0);
 
-		spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec),
-				primaryBtreeInsertOp, 0, secondaryInsertOp, 0);
+        spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), primaryBtreeInsertOp, 0, secondaryInsertOp, 0);
 
-		spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), secondaryInsertOp,
-				0, nullSink, 0);
+        spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), secondaryInsertOp, 0, nullSink, 0);
 
-		spec.addRoot(nullSink);
-		runTest(spec);
-	}
+        spec.addRoot(nullSink);
+        runTest(spec);
+    }
 
-	@Test
-	public void searchUpdatedSecondaryIndexTest() throws Exception {
-		JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+    @Test
+    public void searchUpdatedSecondaryIndexTest() throws Exception {
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
 
-		// build tuple containing search keys (only use the first key as search
-		// key)
-		ArrayTupleBuilder tb = new ArrayTupleBuilder(secondaryKeyFieldCount);
-		DataOutput dos = tb.getDataOutput();
+        // build tuple containing search keys (only use the first key as search
+        // key)
+        ArrayTupleBuilder tb = new ArrayTupleBuilder(secondaryKeyFieldCount);
+        DataOutput dos = tb.getDataOutput();
 
-		tb.reset();
-		// low key
-		UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE.serialize("1998-07-21", dos);
-		tb.addFieldEndOffset();
-		// high key
-		UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE.serialize("2000-10-18", dos);
-		tb.addFieldEndOffset();
+        tb.reset();
+        // low key
+        UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE.serialize("1998-07-21", dos);
+        tb.addFieldEndOffset();
+        // high key
+        UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE.serialize("2000-10-18", dos);
+        tb.addFieldEndOffset();
 
-		ISerializerDeserializer[] keyRecDescSers = {
-				UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-				UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE };
-		RecordDescriptor keyRecDesc = new RecordDescriptor(keyRecDescSers);
+        ISerializerDeserializer[] keyRecDescSers = { UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+                UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE };
+        RecordDescriptor keyRecDesc = new RecordDescriptor(keyRecDescSers);
 
-		ConstantTupleSourceOperatorDescriptor keyProviderOp = new ConstantTupleSourceOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec, keyRecDesc, tb.getFieldEndOffsets(), tb.getByteArray(),
-				tb.getSize());
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
-				keyProviderOp, NC1_ID);
+        ConstantTupleSourceOperatorDescriptor keyProviderOp = new ConstantTupleSourceOperatorDescriptor(spec,
+                keyRecDesc, tb.getFieldEndOffsets(), tb.getByteArray(), tb.getSize());
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, keyProviderOp, NC1_ID);
 
-		int[] secondaryLowKeyFields = { 0 };
-		int[] secondaryHighKeyFields = { 1 };
+        int[] secondaryLowKeyFields = { 0 };
+        int[] secondaryHighKeyFields = { 1 };
 
-		// search secondary index
-		BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor secondaryBtreeSearchOp = new BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec, secondaryRecDesc, storageManager,
-				treeIndexRegistryProvider, secondaryBtreeSplitProvider,
-				secondaryInteriorFrameFactory, secondaryLeafFrameFactory,
-				secondaryTypeTraits, secondaryComparatorFactories, true,
-				secondaryLowKeyFields, secondaryHighKeyFields, true, true,
-				opHelperFactory);
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
-				secondaryBtreeSearchOp, NC1_ID);
+        // search secondary index
+        BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor secondaryBtreeSearchOp = new BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor(spec,
+                secondaryRecDesc, storageManager, indexRegistryProvider, secondaryBtreeSplitProvider,
+                secondaryInteriorFrameFactory, secondaryLeafFrameFactory, secondaryTypeTraits,
+                secondaryComparatorFactories, true, secondaryLowKeyFields, secondaryHighKeyFields, true, true,
+                dataflowHelperFactory);
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, secondaryBtreeSearchOp, NC1_ID);
 
-		// second field from the tuples coming from secondary index
-		int[] primaryLowKeyFields = { 1 };
-		// second field from the tuples coming from secondary index
-		int[] primaryHighKeyFields = { 1 };
+        // second field from the tuples coming from secondary index
+        int[] primaryLowKeyFields = { 1 };
+        // second field from the tuples coming from secondary index
+        int[] primaryHighKeyFields = { 1 };
 
-		// search primary index
-		BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor primaryBtreeSearchOp = new BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec, primaryRecDesc, storageManager,
-				treeIndexRegistryProvider, primaryBtreeSplitProvider,
-				primaryInteriorFrameFactory, primaryLeafFrameFactory,
-				primaryTypeTraits, primaryComparatorFactories, true,
-				primaryLowKeyFields, primaryHighKeyFields, true, true,
-				opHelperFactory);
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
-				primaryBtreeSearchOp, NC1_ID);
+        // search primary index
+        BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor primaryBtreeSearchOp = new BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor(spec, primaryRecDesc,
+                storageManager, indexRegistryProvider, primaryBtreeSplitProvider, primaryInteriorFrameFactory,
+                primaryLeafFrameFactory, primaryTypeTraits, primaryComparatorFactories, true, primaryLowKeyFields,
+                primaryHighKeyFields, true, true, dataflowHelperFactory);
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, primaryBtreeSearchOp, NC1_ID);
 
         IFileSplitProvider outSplits = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID,
                 createTempFile().getAbsolutePath()) });
         IOperatorDescriptor printer = new PlainFileWriterOperatorDescriptor(spec, outSplits, ",");
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, printer,
-				NC1_ID);
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, printer, NC1_ID);
 
-		spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), keyProviderOp, 0,
-				secondaryBtreeSearchOp, 0);
-		spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec),
-				secondaryBtreeSearchOp, 0, primaryBtreeSearchOp, 0);
-		spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec),
-				primaryBtreeSearchOp, 0, printer, 0);
+        spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), keyProviderOp, 0, secondaryBtreeSearchOp, 0);
+        spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), secondaryBtreeSearchOp, 0, primaryBtreeSearchOp, 0);
+        spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), primaryBtreeSearchOp, 0, printer, 0);
 
-		spec.addRoot(printer);
-		runTest(spec);
-	}
+        spec.addRoot(printer);
+        runTest(spec);
+    }
 
-	@AfterClass
-	public static void cleanup() throws Exception {
-		File primary = new File(primaryFileName);
-		primary.deleteOnExit();
+    @AfterClass
+    public static void cleanup() throws Exception {
+        File primary = new File(primaryFileName);
+        primary.deleteOnExit();
 
-		File secondary = new File(secondaryFileName);
-		secondary.deleteOnExit();
-	}
+        File secondary = new File(secondaryFileName);
+        secondary.deleteOnExit();
+    }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/btree/BTreeSecondaryIndexSearchOperatorTest.java b/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/btree/BTreeSecondaryIndexSearchOperatorTest.java
index d334e32..1e070a8 100644
--- a/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/btree/BTreeSecondaryIndexSearchOperatorTest.java
+++ b/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/btree/BTreeSecondaryIndexSearchOperatorTest.java
@@ -46,20 +46,20 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.file.PlainFileWriterOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.misc.ConstantTupleSourceOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.sort.ExternalSortOperatorDescriptor;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.dataflow.BTreeOpHelperFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.dataflow.BTreeDataflowHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.dataflow.BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.frames.BTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.frames.BTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrameFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndex;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexDataflowHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexRegistryProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.tuples.TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.IStorageManagerInterface;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestIndexRegistryProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestStorageManagerComponentHolder;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestStorageManagerInterface;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestTreeIndexRegistryProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.tests.integration.AbstractIntegrationTest;
 
 public class BTreeSecondaryIndexSearchOperatorTest extends
@@ -69,8 +69,8 @@
 	}
 
 	private IStorageManagerInterface storageManager = new TestStorageManagerInterface();
-	private IIndexRegistryProvider<ITreeIndex> treeIndexRegistryProvider = new TestTreeIndexRegistryProvider();
-	private ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory opHelperFactory = new BTreeOpHelperFactory();
+	private IIndexRegistryProvider<IIndex> indexRegistryProvider = new TestIndexRegistryProvider();
+	private IIndexDataflowHelperFactory dataflowHelperFactory = new BTreeDataflowHelperFactory();
 
 	private final static SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(
 			"ddMMyy-hhmmssSS");
@@ -199,11 +199,11 @@
 
 		int[] fieldPermutation = { 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 };
 		TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor primaryBtreeBulkLoad = new TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec, storageManager, treeIndexRegistryProvider,
+				spec, storageManager, indexRegistryProvider,
 				primaryBtreeSplitProvider, primaryInteriorFrameFactory,
 				primaryLeafFrameFactory, primaryTypeTraits,
 				primaryComparatorFactories, fieldPermutation, 0.7f,
-				opHelperFactory);
+				dataflowHelperFactory);
 		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
 				primaryBtreeBulkLoad, NC1_ID);
 
@@ -245,10 +245,10 @@
 		// scan primary index
 		BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor primaryBtreeSearchOp = new BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor(
 				spec, primaryRecDesc, storageManager,
-				treeIndexRegistryProvider, primaryBtreeSplitProvider,
+				indexRegistryProvider, primaryBtreeSplitProvider,
 				primaryInteriorFrameFactory, primaryLeafFrameFactory,
 				primaryTypeTraits, primaryComparatorFactories, true,
-				lowKeyFields, highKeyFields, true, true, opHelperFactory);
+				lowKeyFields, highKeyFields, true, true, dataflowHelperFactory);
 		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
 				primaryBtreeSearchOp, NC1_ID);
 
@@ -265,11 +265,11 @@
 		// load secondary index
 		int[] fieldPermutation = { 3, 0 };
 		TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor secondaryBtreeBulkLoad = new TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec, storageManager, treeIndexRegistryProvider,
+				spec, storageManager, indexRegistryProvider,
 				secondaryBtreeSplitProvider, secondaryInteriorFrameFactory,
 				secondaryLeafFrameFactory, secondaryTypeTraits,
 				secondaryComparatorFactories, fieldPermutation, 0.7f,
-				opHelperFactory);
+				dataflowHelperFactory);
 		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
 				secondaryBtreeBulkLoad, NC1_ID);
 
@@ -318,11 +318,11 @@
 		// search secondary index
 		BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor secondaryBtreeSearchOp = new BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor(
 				spec, secondaryRecDesc, storageManager,
-				treeIndexRegistryProvider, secondaryBtreeSplitProvider,
+				indexRegistryProvider, secondaryBtreeSplitProvider,
 				secondaryInteriorFrameFactory, secondaryLeafFrameFactory,
 				secondaryTypeTraits, secondaryComparatorFactories, true,
 				secondaryLowKeyFields, secondaryHighKeyFields, true, true,
-				opHelperFactory);
+				dataflowHelperFactory);
 		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
 				secondaryBtreeSearchOp, NC1_ID);
 
@@ -334,11 +334,11 @@
 		// search primary index
 		BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor primaryBtreeSearchOp = new BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor(
 				spec, primaryRecDesc, storageManager,
-				treeIndexRegistryProvider, primaryBtreeSplitProvider,
+				indexRegistryProvider, primaryBtreeSplitProvider,
 				primaryInteriorFrameFactory, primaryLeafFrameFactory,
 				primaryTypeTraits, primaryComparatorFactories, true,
 				primaryLowKeyFields, primaryHighKeyFields, true, true,
-				opHelperFactory);
+				dataflowHelperFactory);
 		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
 				primaryBtreeSearchOp, NC1_ID);
 
diff --git a/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/invertedindex/WordInvertedIndexTest.java b/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/invertedindex/WordInvertedIndexTest.java
index 5cbfd0e..6440db3 100644
--- a/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/invertedindex/WordInvertedIndexTest.java
+++ b/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/invertedindex/WordInvertedIndexTest.java
@@ -49,32 +49,29 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.file.PlainFileWriterOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.misc.ConstantTupleSourceOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.sort.ExternalSortOperatorDescriptor;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.dataflow.BTreeOpHelperFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.dataflow.BTreeDataflowHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.dataflow.BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.frames.BTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.frames.BTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.impls.BTree;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrameFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndex;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexDataflowHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexRegistryProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.tuples.TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.api.IInvertedIndexSearchModifierFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.dataflow.BinaryTokenizerOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.dataflow.InvertedIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.dataflow.InvertedIndexSearchOperatorDescriptor;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.impls.InvertedIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.searchmodifiers.ConjunctiveSearchModifierFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.tokenizers.DelimitedUTF8StringBinaryTokenizerFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.tokenizers.IBinaryTokenizerFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.tokenizers.ITokenFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.tokenizers.UTF8WordTokenFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.IStorageManagerInterface;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestInvertedIndexRegistryProvider;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestIndexRegistryProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestStorageManagerComponentHolder;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestStorageManagerInterface;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestTreeIndexRegistryProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.tests.integration.AbstractIntegrationTest;
 
 public class WordInvertedIndexTest extends AbstractIntegrationTest {
@@ -83,9 +80,8 @@
     }
 
     private IStorageManagerInterface storageManager = new TestStorageManagerInterface();
-    private IIndexRegistryProvider<ITreeIndex> treeIndexRegistryProvider = new TestTreeIndexRegistryProvider();
-    private IIndexRegistryProvider<InvertedIndex> invIndexRegistryProvider = new TestInvertedIndexRegistryProvider();
-    private ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory btreeOpHelperFactory = new BTreeOpHelperFactory();
+    private IIndexRegistryProvider<IIndex> indexRegistryProvider = new TestIndexRegistryProvider();
+    private IIndexDataflowHelperFactory btreeDataflowHelperFactory = new BTreeDataflowHelperFactory();
 
     private final static SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("ddMMyy-hhmmssSS");
     private final static String sep = System.getProperty("file.separator");
@@ -114,17 +110,8 @@
             IntegerSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE });
 
     // Inverted index BTree dictionary.
-    private int btreeFieldCount = 5;
-    private ITypeTrait[] btreeTypeTraits = new ITypeTrait[btreeFieldCount];
-    private int btreeKeyFieldCount = 1;
-    private IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeComparatorFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[btreeKeyFieldCount];
-    private TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory btreeTupleWriterFactory = new TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory(btreeTypeTraits);
-    private ITreeIndexFrameFactory btreeInteriorFrameFactory = new BTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory(btreeTupleWriterFactory);
-    private ITreeIndexFrameFactory btreeLeafFrameFactory = new BTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory(btreeTupleWriterFactory);
-    private RecordDescriptor btreeRecDesc = new RecordDescriptor(new ISerializerDeserializer[] {
-            UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, IntegerSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-            IntegerSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, IntegerSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-            IntegerSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE });
+    private ITypeTrait[] tokenTypeTraits = new ITypeTrait[1];
+    private IBinaryComparatorFactory[] tokenComparatorFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[1];
 
     // Inverted index stuff.
     private int invListElementFieldCount = 1;
@@ -133,7 +120,7 @@
     private RecordDescriptor tokenizerRecDesc = new RecordDescriptor(new ISerializerDeserializer[] {
             UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, IntegerSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE });
     private RecordDescriptor invListsRecDesc = new RecordDescriptor(
-            new ISerializerDeserializer[] { IntegerSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE });    
+            new ISerializerDeserializer[] { IntegerSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE });
 
     // Tokenizer stuff.
     private ITokenFactory tokenFactory = new UTF8WordTokenFactory();
@@ -147,13 +134,9 @@
         primaryTypeTraits[1] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
         primaryComparatorFactories[0] = IntegerBinaryComparatorFactory.INSTANCE;
 
-        // Field declarations and comparators for dictionary BTree.
-        btreeTypeTraits[0] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
-        btreeTypeTraits[1] = ITypeTrait.INTEGER_TYPE_TRAIT;
-        btreeTypeTraits[2] = ITypeTrait.INTEGER_TYPE_TRAIT;
-        btreeTypeTraits[3] = ITypeTrait.INTEGER_TYPE_TRAIT;
-        btreeTypeTraits[4] = ITypeTrait.INTEGER_TYPE_TRAIT;
-        btreeComparatorFactories[0] = UTF8StringBinaryComparatorFactory.INSTANCE;
+        // Field declarations and comparators for tokens.
+        tokenTypeTraits[0] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        tokenComparatorFactories[0] = UTF8StringBinaryComparatorFactory.INSTANCE;
 
         // Field declarations and comparators for inverted lists.
         invListsTypeTraits[0] = ITypeTrait.INTEGER_TYPE_TRAIT;
@@ -161,7 +144,7 @@
 
         loadPrimaryIndex();
         printPrimaryIndex();
-        loadInvertedIndex();        
+        loadInvertedIndex();
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -188,9 +171,9 @@
     private IOperatorDescriptor createPrimaryBulkLoadOp(JobSpecification spec) {
         int[] fieldPermutation = { 0, 1 };
         TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor primaryBtreeBulkLoad = new TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor(spec,
-                storageManager, treeIndexRegistryProvider, primaryFileSplitProvider, primaryInteriorFrameFactory,
+                storageManager, indexRegistryProvider, primaryFileSplitProvider, primaryInteriorFrameFactory,
                 primaryLeafFrameFactory, primaryTypeTraits, primaryComparatorFactories, fieldPermutation, 0.7f,
-                btreeOpHelperFactory);
+                btreeDataflowHelperFactory);
         PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, primaryBtreeBulkLoad, NC1_ID);
         return primaryBtreeBulkLoad;
     }
@@ -215,9 +198,9 @@
         int[] lowKeyFields = null; // - infinity
         int[] highKeyFields = null; // + infinity
         BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor primaryBtreeSearchOp = new BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor(spec, primaryRecDesc,
-                storageManager, treeIndexRegistryProvider, primaryFileSplitProvider, primaryInteriorFrameFactory,
+                storageManager, indexRegistryProvider, primaryFileSplitProvider, primaryInteriorFrameFactory,
                 primaryLeafFrameFactory, primaryTypeTraits, primaryComparatorFactories, true, lowKeyFields,
-                highKeyFields, true, true, btreeOpHelperFactory);
+                highKeyFields, true, true, btreeDataflowHelperFactory);
         PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, primaryBtreeSearchOp, NC1_ID);
         return primaryBtreeSearchOp;
     }
@@ -264,10 +247,9 @@
 
     private IOperatorDescriptor createInvertedIndexBulkLoadOp(JobSpecification spec, int[] fieldPermutation) {
         InvertedIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor invIndexBulkLoadOp = new InvertedIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor(spec,
-                storageManager, fieldPermutation, btreeFileSplitProvider, treeIndexRegistryProvider,
-                btreeInteriorFrameFactory, btreeLeafFrameFactory, btreeTypeTraits, btreeComparatorFactories,
-                BTree.DEFAULT_FILL_FACTOR, btreeOpHelperFactory, invListsFileSplitProvider, invIndexRegistryProvider,
-                invListsTypeTraits, invListsComparatorFactories);
+                fieldPermutation, storageManager, btreeFileSplitProvider, invListsFileSplitProvider,
+                indexRegistryProvider, tokenTypeTraits, tokenComparatorFactories, invListsTypeTraits,
+                invListsComparatorFactories, btreeDataflowHelperFactory);
         PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, invIndexBulkLoadOp, NC1_ID);
         return invIndexBulkLoadOp;
     }
@@ -310,10 +292,9 @@
     private IOperatorDescriptor createInvertedIndexSearchOp(JobSpecification spec,
             IInvertedIndexSearchModifierFactory searchModifierFactory) {
         InvertedIndexSearchOperatorDescriptor invIndexSearchOp = new InvertedIndexSearchOperatorDescriptor(spec, 0,
-                storageManager, btreeFileSplitProvider, treeIndexRegistryProvider, btreeInteriorFrameFactory,
-                btreeLeafFrameFactory, btreeTypeTraits, btreeComparatorFactories, btreeOpHelperFactory,
-                invListsFileSplitProvider, invIndexRegistryProvider, invListsTypeTraits, invListsComparatorFactories,
-                searchModifierFactory, tokenizerFactory, invListsRecDesc);
+                storageManager, btreeFileSplitProvider, invListsFileSplitProvider, indexRegistryProvider,
+                tokenTypeTraits, tokenComparatorFactories, invListsTypeTraits, invListsComparatorFactories,
+                btreeDataflowHelperFactory, tokenizerFactory, searchModifierFactory, invListsRecDesc);
         PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, invIndexSearchOp, NC1_ID);
         return invIndexSearchOp;
     }
diff --git a/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/rtree/RTreePrimaryIndexSearchOperatorTest.java b/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/rtree/RTreePrimaryIndexSearchOperatorTest.java
index d4496cb..74dc4a8 100644
--- a/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/rtree/RTreePrimaryIndexSearchOperatorTest.java
+++ b/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/rtree/RTreePrimaryIndexSearchOperatorTest.java
@@ -48,193 +48,161 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.file.PlainFileWriterOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.misc.ConstantTupleSourceOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrameFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndex;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexDataflowHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexRegistryProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.dataflow.RTreeOpHelperFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.dataflow.RTreeDataflowHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.dataflow.RTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.frames.RTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.frames.RTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.tuples.RTreeTypeAwareTupleWriterFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.util.RTreeUtils;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.IStorageManagerInterface;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestIndexRegistryProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestStorageManagerComponentHolder;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestStorageManagerInterface;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestTreeIndexRegistryProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.tests.integration.AbstractIntegrationTest;
 
-public class RTreePrimaryIndexSearchOperatorTest extends
-		AbstractIntegrationTest {
-	static {
-		TestStorageManagerComponentHolder.init(8192, 20, 20);
-	}
+public class RTreePrimaryIndexSearchOperatorTest extends AbstractIntegrationTest {
+    static {
+        TestStorageManagerComponentHolder.init(8192, 20, 20);
+    }
 
-	private IStorageManagerInterface storageManager = new TestStorageManagerInterface();
-	private IIndexRegistryProvider<ITreeIndex> treeIndexRegistryProvider = new TestTreeIndexRegistryProvider();
-	private ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory opHelperFactory = new RTreeOpHelperFactory();
+    private IStorageManagerInterface storageManager = new TestStorageManagerInterface();
+    private IIndexRegistryProvider<IIndex> indexRegistryProvider = new TestIndexRegistryProvider();
+    private IIndexDataflowHelperFactory dataflowHelperFactory = new RTreeDataflowHelperFactory();
 
-	private final static SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(
-			"ddMMyy-hhmmssSS");
-	private final static String sep = System.getProperty("file.separator");
+    private final static SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("ddMMyy-hhmmssSS");
+    private final static String sep = System.getProperty("file.separator");
 
-	// field, type and key declarations for primary R-tree index
-	private int primaryFieldCount = 5;
-	private int primaryKeyFieldCount = 4;
-	private ITypeTrait[] primaryTypeTraits = new ITypeTrait[primaryFieldCount];
-	private IBinaryComparatorFactory[] primaryComparatorFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[primaryKeyFieldCount];
+    // field, type and key declarations for primary R-tree index
+    private int primaryFieldCount = 5;
+    private int primaryKeyFieldCount = 4;
+    private ITypeTrait[] primaryTypeTraits = new ITypeTrait[primaryFieldCount];
+    private IBinaryComparatorFactory[] primaryComparatorFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[primaryKeyFieldCount];
 
-	private RTreeTypeAwareTupleWriterFactory primaryTupleWriterFactory = new RTreeTypeAwareTupleWriterFactory(
-			primaryTypeTraits);
+    private RTreeTypeAwareTupleWriterFactory primaryTupleWriterFactory = new RTreeTypeAwareTupleWriterFactory(
+            primaryTypeTraits);
 
-	private RecordDescriptor primaryRecDesc = new RecordDescriptor(
-			new ISerializerDeserializer[] {
-					DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-					DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-					DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-					DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-					UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE });
+    private RecordDescriptor primaryRecDesc = new RecordDescriptor(new ISerializerDeserializer[] {
+            DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+            DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+            UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE });
 
-	private ITreeIndexFrameFactory primaryInteriorFrameFactory;
-	private ITreeIndexFrameFactory primaryLeafFrameFactory;
+    private ITreeIndexFrameFactory primaryInteriorFrameFactory;
+    private ITreeIndexFrameFactory primaryLeafFrameFactory;
 
-	private static String primaryRTreeName = "primary"
-			+ simpleDateFormat.format(new Date());
-	private static String primaryFileName = System
-			.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir") + sep + primaryRTreeName;
+    private static String primaryRTreeName = "primary" + simpleDateFormat.format(new Date());
+    private static String primaryFileName = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir") + sep + primaryRTreeName;
 
-	private IFileSplitProvider primaryRTreeSplitProvider = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(
-			new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID, new FileReference(new File(
-					primaryFileName))) });
+    private IFileSplitProvider primaryRTreeSplitProvider = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(
+            new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID, new FileReference(new File(primaryFileName))) });
 
-	@Before
-	public void setup() throws Exception {
-		// field, type and key declarations for primary R-tree index
-		primaryTypeTraits[0] = ITypeTrait.DOUBLE_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryTypeTraits[1] = ITypeTrait.DOUBLE_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryTypeTraits[2] = ITypeTrait.DOUBLE_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryTypeTraits[3] = ITypeTrait.DOUBLE_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryTypeTraits[4] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryComparatorFactories[0] = DoubleBinaryComparatorFactory.INSTANCE;
-		primaryComparatorFactories[1] = primaryComparatorFactories[0];
-		primaryComparatorFactories[2] = primaryComparatorFactories[0];
-		primaryComparatorFactories[3] = primaryComparatorFactories[0];
-		
-		IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] primaryValueProviderFactories = RTreeUtils
-				.comparatorFactoriesToPrimitiveValueProviderFactories(primaryComparatorFactories);
-		
-		primaryInteriorFrameFactory = new RTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory(
-				primaryTupleWriterFactory, primaryValueProviderFactories);
-		primaryLeafFrameFactory = new RTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory(
-				primaryTupleWriterFactory, primaryValueProviderFactories);
-		
-		loadPrimaryIndexTest();
-	}
+    @Before
+    public void setup() throws Exception {
+        // field, type and key declarations for primary R-tree index
+        primaryTypeTraits[0] = ITypeTrait.DOUBLE_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryTypeTraits[1] = ITypeTrait.DOUBLE_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryTypeTraits[2] = ITypeTrait.DOUBLE_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryTypeTraits[3] = ITypeTrait.DOUBLE_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryTypeTraits[4] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryComparatorFactories[0] = DoubleBinaryComparatorFactory.INSTANCE;
+        primaryComparatorFactories[1] = primaryComparatorFactories[0];
+        primaryComparatorFactories[2] = primaryComparatorFactories[0];
+        primaryComparatorFactories[3] = primaryComparatorFactories[0];
 
-	public void loadPrimaryIndexTest() throws Exception {
-		JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] primaryValueProviderFactories = RTreeUtils
+                .comparatorFactoriesToPrimitiveValueProviderFactories(primaryComparatorFactories);
 
-		FileSplit[] objectsSplits = new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID,
-				new FileReference(new File("data/spatial.txt"))) };
-		IFileSplitProvider objectsSplitProvider = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(
-				objectsSplits);
-		RecordDescriptor objectsDesc = new RecordDescriptor(
-				new ISerializerDeserializer[] {
-						DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE });
+        primaryInteriorFrameFactory = new RTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory(primaryTupleWriterFactory,
+                primaryValueProviderFactories);
+        primaryLeafFrameFactory = new RTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory(primaryTupleWriterFactory, primaryValueProviderFactories);
 
-		FileScanOperatorDescriptor objScanner = new FileScanOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec, objectsSplitProvider,
-				new DelimitedDataTupleParserFactory(new IValueParserFactory[] {
-						DoubleParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-						DoubleParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-						DoubleParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-						DoubleParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE }, '|'), objectsDesc);
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
-				objScanner, NC1_ID);
+        loadPrimaryIndexTest();
+    }
 
-		int[] fieldPermutation = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 };
-		TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor primaryRTreeBulkLoad = new TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec, storageManager, treeIndexRegistryProvider,
-				primaryRTreeSplitProvider, primaryInteriorFrameFactory,
-				primaryLeafFrameFactory, primaryTypeTraits,
-				primaryComparatorFactories,
-				fieldPermutation, 0.7f, opHelperFactory);
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
-				primaryRTreeBulkLoad, NC1_ID);
+    public void loadPrimaryIndexTest() throws Exception {
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
 
-		spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), objScanner, 0,
-				primaryRTreeBulkLoad, 0);
+        FileSplit[] objectsSplits = new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID, new FileReference(new File(
+                "data/spatial.txt"))) };
+        IFileSplitProvider objectsSplitProvider = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(objectsSplits);
+        RecordDescriptor objectsDesc = new RecordDescriptor(new ISerializerDeserializer[] {
+                DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+                DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+                UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE });
 
-		spec.addRoot(primaryRTreeBulkLoad);
-		runTest(spec);
-	}
+        FileScanOperatorDescriptor objScanner = new FileScanOperatorDescriptor(spec, objectsSplitProvider,
+                new DelimitedDataTupleParserFactory(new IValueParserFactory[] { DoubleParserFactory.INSTANCE,
+                        DoubleParserFactory.INSTANCE, DoubleParserFactory.INSTANCE, DoubleParserFactory.INSTANCE,
+                        UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE }, '|'), objectsDesc);
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, objScanner, NC1_ID);
 
-	@Test
-	public void searchPrimaryIndexTest() throws Exception {
-		JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        int[] fieldPermutation = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 };
+        TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor primaryRTreeBulkLoad = new TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor(spec,
+                storageManager, indexRegistryProvider, primaryRTreeSplitProvider, primaryInteriorFrameFactory,
+                primaryLeafFrameFactory, primaryTypeTraits, primaryComparatorFactories, fieldPermutation, 0.7f,
+                dataflowHelperFactory);
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, primaryRTreeBulkLoad, NC1_ID);
 
-		// build tuple
-		ArrayTupleBuilder tb = new ArrayTupleBuilder(primaryKeyFieldCount);
-		DataOutput dos = tb.getDataOutput();
+        spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), objScanner, 0, primaryRTreeBulkLoad, 0);
 
-		tb.reset();
-		DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE.serialize(61.2894, dos);
-		tb.addFieldEndOffset();
-		DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE.serialize(-149.624, dos);
-		tb.addFieldEndOffset();
-		DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE.serialize(61.8894, dos);
-		tb.addFieldEndOffset();
-		DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE.serialize(-149.024, dos);
-		tb.addFieldEndOffset();
+        spec.addRoot(primaryRTreeBulkLoad);
+        runTest(spec);
+    }
 
-		ISerializerDeserializer[] keyRecDescSers = {
-				DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-				DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-				DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-				DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE };
-		RecordDescriptor keyRecDesc = new RecordDescriptor(keyRecDescSers);
+    @Test
+    public void searchPrimaryIndexTest() throws Exception {
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
 
-		ConstantTupleSourceOperatorDescriptor keyProviderOp = new ConstantTupleSourceOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec, keyRecDesc, tb.getFieldEndOffsets(), tb.getByteArray(),
-				tb.getSize());
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
-				keyProviderOp, NC1_ID);
+        // build tuple
+        ArrayTupleBuilder tb = new ArrayTupleBuilder(primaryKeyFieldCount);
+        DataOutput dos = tb.getDataOutput();
 
-		int[] keyFields = { 0, 1, 2, 3 };
+        tb.reset();
+        DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE.serialize(61.2894, dos);
+        tb.addFieldEndOffset();
+        DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE.serialize(-149.624, dos);
+        tb.addFieldEndOffset();
+        DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE.serialize(61.8894, dos);
+        tb.addFieldEndOffset();
+        DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE.serialize(-149.024, dos);
+        tb.addFieldEndOffset();
 
-		RTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor primaryRTreeSearchOp = new RTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec, primaryRecDesc, storageManager,
-				treeIndexRegistryProvider, primaryRTreeSplitProvider,
-				primaryInteriorFrameFactory, primaryLeafFrameFactory,
-				primaryTypeTraits, primaryComparatorFactories,
-				keyFields, opHelperFactory);
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
-				primaryRTreeSearchOp, NC1_ID);
+        ISerializerDeserializer[] keyRecDescSers = { DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+                DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+                DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE };
+        RecordDescriptor keyRecDesc = new RecordDescriptor(keyRecDescSers);
+
+        ConstantTupleSourceOperatorDescriptor keyProviderOp = new ConstantTupleSourceOperatorDescriptor(spec,
+                keyRecDesc, tb.getFieldEndOffsets(), tb.getByteArray(), tb.getSize());
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, keyProviderOp, NC1_ID);
+
+        int[] keyFields = { 0, 1, 2, 3 };
+
+        RTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor primaryRTreeSearchOp = new RTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor(spec, primaryRecDesc,
+                storageManager, indexRegistryProvider, primaryRTreeSplitProvider, primaryInteriorFrameFactory,
+                primaryLeafFrameFactory, primaryTypeTraits, primaryComparatorFactories, keyFields,
+                dataflowHelperFactory);
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, primaryRTreeSearchOp, NC1_ID);
 
         IFileSplitProvider outSplits = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID,
                 createTempFile().getAbsolutePath()) });
         IOperatorDescriptor printer = new PlainFileWriterOperatorDescriptor(spec, outSplits, ",");
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, printer,
-				NC1_ID);
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, printer, NC1_ID);
 
-		spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), keyProviderOp, 0,
-				primaryRTreeSearchOp, 0);
-		spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec),
-				primaryRTreeSearchOp, 0, printer, 0);
+        spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), keyProviderOp, 0, primaryRTreeSearchOp, 0);
+        spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), primaryRTreeSearchOp, 0, printer, 0);
 
-		spec.addRoot(printer);
-		runTest(spec);
-	}
+        spec.addRoot(printer);
+        runTest(spec);
+    }
 
-	@AfterClass
-	public static void cleanup() throws Exception {
-		File primary = new File(primaryFileName);
-		primary.deleteOnExit();
-	}
+    @AfterClass
+    public static void cleanup() throws Exception {
+        File primary = new File(primaryFileName);
+        primary.deleteOnExit();
+    }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/rtree/RTreePrimaryIndexStatsOperatorTest.java b/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/rtree/RTreePrimaryIndexStatsOperatorTest.java
index 0016831..62fc150 100644
--- a/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/rtree/RTreePrimaryIndexStatsOperatorTest.java
+++ b/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/rtree/RTreePrimaryIndexStatsOperatorTest.java
@@ -45,157 +45,133 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.file.IFileSplitProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.file.PlainFileWriterOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrameFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndex;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexDataflowHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexRegistryProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.TreeIndexStatsOperatorDescriptor;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.dataflow.RTreeOpHelperFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.dataflow.RTreeDataflowHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.frames.RTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.frames.RTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.tuples.RTreeTypeAwareTupleWriterFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.util.RTreeUtils;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.IStorageManagerInterface;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestIndexRegistryProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestStorageManagerComponentHolder;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestStorageManagerInterface;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestTreeIndexRegistryProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.tests.integration.AbstractIntegrationTest;
 
 public class RTreePrimaryIndexStatsOperatorTest extends AbstractIntegrationTest {
-	static {
-		TestStorageManagerComponentHolder.init(8192, 20, 20);
-	}
+    static {
+        TestStorageManagerComponentHolder.init(8192, 20, 20);
+    }
 
-	private IStorageManagerInterface storageManager = new TestStorageManagerInterface();
-	private IIndexRegistryProvider<ITreeIndex> treeIndexRegistryProvider = new TestTreeIndexRegistryProvider();
-	private ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory opHelperFactory = new RTreeOpHelperFactory();
+    private IStorageManagerInterface storageManager = new TestStorageManagerInterface();
+    private IIndexRegistryProvider<IIndex> indexRegistryProvider = new TestIndexRegistryProvider();
+    private IIndexDataflowHelperFactory dataflowHelperFactory = new RTreeDataflowHelperFactory();
 
-	private final static SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(
-			"ddMMyy-hhmmssSS");
-	private final static String sep = System.getProperty("file.separator");
+    private final static SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("ddMMyy-hhmmssSS");
+    private final static String sep = System.getProperty("file.separator");
 
-	// field, type and key declarations for primary R-tree index
-	private int primaryFieldCount = 5;
-	private int primaryKeyFieldCount = 4;
-	private ITypeTrait[] primaryTypeTraits = new ITypeTrait[primaryFieldCount];
-	private IBinaryComparatorFactory[] primaryComparatorFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[primaryKeyFieldCount];
+    // field, type and key declarations for primary R-tree index
+    private int primaryFieldCount = 5;
+    private int primaryKeyFieldCount = 4;
+    private ITypeTrait[] primaryTypeTraits = new ITypeTrait[primaryFieldCount];
+    private IBinaryComparatorFactory[] primaryComparatorFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[primaryKeyFieldCount];
 
-	private RTreeTypeAwareTupleWriterFactory primaryTupleWriterFactory = new RTreeTypeAwareTupleWriterFactory(
-			primaryTypeTraits);
+    private RTreeTypeAwareTupleWriterFactory primaryTupleWriterFactory = new RTreeTypeAwareTupleWriterFactory(
+            primaryTypeTraits);
 
-	private RecordDescriptor primaryRecDesc = new RecordDescriptor(
-			new ISerializerDeserializer[] {
-					DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-					DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-					DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-					DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-					UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE });
+    private RecordDescriptor primaryRecDesc = new RecordDescriptor(new ISerializerDeserializer[] {
+            DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+            DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+            UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE });
 
-	private ITreeIndexFrameFactory primaryInteriorFrameFactory;
-	private ITreeIndexFrameFactory primaryLeafFrameFactory;
+    private ITreeIndexFrameFactory primaryInteriorFrameFactory;
+    private ITreeIndexFrameFactory primaryLeafFrameFactory;
 
-	private static String primaryRTreeName = "primary"
-			+ simpleDateFormat.format(new Date());
-	private static String primaryFileName = System
-			.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir") + sep + primaryRTreeName;
+    private static String primaryRTreeName = "primary" + simpleDateFormat.format(new Date());
+    private static String primaryFileName = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir") + sep + primaryRTreeName;
 
-	private IFileSplitProvider primaryRTreeSplitProvider = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(
-			new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID, new FileReference(new File(
-					primaryFileName))) });
+    private IFileSplitProvider primaryRTreeSplitProvider = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(
+            new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID, new FileReference(new File(primaryFileName))) });
 
-	@Before
-	public void setup() throws Exception {
-		// field, type and key declarations for primary R-tree index
-		primaryTypeTraits[0] = ITypeTrait.DOUBLE_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryTypeTraits[1] = ITypeTrait.DOUBLE_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryTypeTraits[2] = ITypeTrait.DOUBLE_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryTypeTraits[3] = ITypeTrait.DOUBLE_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryTypeTraits[4] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryComparatorFactories[0] = DoubleBinaryComparatorFactory.INSTANCE;
-		primaryComparatorFactories[1] = primaryComparatorFactories[0];
-		primaryComparatorFactories[2] = primaryComparatorFactories[0];
-		primaryComparatorFactories[3] = primaryComparatorFactories[0];
-		
-		IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] primaryValueProviderFactories = RTreeUtils
-				.comparatorFactoriesToPrimitiveValueProviderFactories(primaryComparatorFactories);
-		
-		primaryInteriorFrameFactory = new RTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory(
-				primaryTupleWriterFactory, primaryValueProviderFactories);
-		primaryLeafFrameFactory = new RTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory(
-				primaryTupleWriterFactory, primaryValueProviderFactories);
-		
-		loadPrimaryIndexTest();
-	}
+    @Before
+    public void setup() throws Exception {
+        // field, type and key declarations for primary R-tree index
+        primaryTypeTraits[0] = ITypeTrait.DOUBLE_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryTypeTraits[1] = ITypeTrait.DOUBLE_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryTypeTraits[2] = ITypeTrait.DOUBLE_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryTypeTraits[3] = ITypeTrait.DOUBLE_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryTypeTraits[4] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryComparatorFactories[0] = DoubleBinaryComparatorFactory.INSTANCE;
+        primaryComparatorFactories[1] = primaryComparatorFactories[0];
+        primaryComparatorFactories[2] = primaryComparatorFactories[0];
+        primaryComparatorFactories[3] = primaryComparatorFactories[0];
 
-	public void loadPrimaryIndexTest() throws Exception {
-		JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] primaryValueProviderFactories = RTreeUtils
+                .comparatorFactoriesToPrimitiveValueProviderFactories(primaryComparatorFactories);
 
-		FileSplit[] objectsSplits = new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID,
-				new FileReference(new File("data/spatial.txt"))) };
-		IFileSplitProvider objectsSplitProvider = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(
-				objectsSplits);
-		RecordDescriptor objectsDesc = new RecordDescriptor(
-				new ISerializerDeserializer[] {
-						DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE });
+        primaryInteriorFrameFactory = new RTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory(primaryTupleWriterFactory,
+                primaryValueProviderFactories);
+        primaryLeafFrameFactory = new RTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory(primaryTupleWriterFactory, primaryValueProviderFactories);
 
-		FileScanOperatorDescriptor objScanner = new FileScanOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec, objectsSplitProvider,
-				new DelimitedDataTupleParserFactory(new IValueParserFactory[] {
-						DoubleParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-						DoubleParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-						DoubleParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-						DoubleParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE }, '|'), objectsDesc);
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
-				objScanner, NC1_ID);
+        loadPrimaryIndexTest();
+    }
 
-		int[] fieldPermutation = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 };
-		TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor primaryRTreeBulkLoad = new TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec, storageManager, treeIndexRegistryProvider,
-				primaryRTreeSplitProvider, primaryInteriorFrameFactory,
-				primaryLeafFrameFactory, primaryTypeTraits,
-				primaryComparatorFactories,
-				fieldPermutation, 0.7f, opHelperFactory);
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
-				primaryRTreeBulkLoad, NC1_ID);
+    public void loadPrimaryIndexTest() throws Exception {
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
 
-		spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), objScanner, 0,
-				primaryRTreeBulkLoad, 0);
+        FileSplit[] objectsSplits = new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID, new FileReference(new File(
+                "data/spatial.txt"))) };
+        IFileSplitProvider objectsSplitProvider = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(objectsSplits);
+        RecordDescriptor objectsDesc = new RecordDescriptor(new ISerializerDeserializer[] {
+                DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+                DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+                UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE });
 
-		spec.addRoot(primaryRTreeBulkLoad);
-		runTest(spec);
-	}
+        FileScanOperatorDescriptor objScanner = new FileScanOperatorDescriptor(spec, objectsSplitProvider,
+                new DelimitedDataTupleParserFactory(new IValueParserFactory[] { DoubleParserFactory.INSTANCE,
+                        DoubleParserFactory.INSTANCE, DoubleParserFactory.INSTANCE, DoubleParserFactory.INSTANCE,
+                        UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE }, '|'), objectsDesc);
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, objScanner, NC1_ID);
 
-	@Test
-	public void showPrimaryIndexStats() throws Exception {
-		JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        int[] fieldPermutation = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 };
+        TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor primaryRTreeBulkLoad = new TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor(spec,
+                storageManager, indexRegistryProvider, primaryRTreeSplitProvider, primaryInteriorFrameFactory,
+                primaryLeafFrameFactory, primaryTypeTraits, primaryComparatorFactories, fieldPermutation, 0.7f,
+                dataflowHelperFactory);
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, primaryRTreeBulkLoad, NC1_ID);
 
-		TreeIndexStatsOperatorDescriptor primaryStatsOp = new TreeIndexStatsOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec, storageManager, treeIndexRegistryProvider,
-				primaryRTreeSplitProvider, primaryInteriorFrameFactory,
-				primaryLeafFrameFactory, primaryTypeTraits,
-				primaryComparatorFactories, opHelperFactory);
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
-				primaryStatsOp, NC1_ID);
-		
-		IFileSplitProvider outSplits = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID,
+        spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), objScanner, 0, primaryRTreeBulkLoad, 0);
+
+        spec.addRoot(primaryRTreeBulkLoad);
+        runTest(spec);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void showPrimaryIndexStats() throws Exception {
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+
+        TreeIndexStatsOperatorDescriptor primaryStatsOp = new TreeIndexStatsOperatorDescriptor(spec, storageManager,
+                indexRegistryProvider, primaryRTreeSplitProvider, primaryInteriorFrameFactory, primaryLeafFrameFactory,
+                primaryTypeTraits, primaryComparatorFactories, dataflowHelperFactory);
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, primaryStatsOp, NC1_ID);
+
+        IFileSplitProvider outSplits = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID,
                 createTempFile().getAbsolutePath()) });
         IOperatorDescriptor printer = new PlainFileWriterOperatorDescriptor(spec, outSplits, ",");
         PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, printer, NC1_ID);
-        
+
         spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), primaryStatsOp, 0, printer, 0);
         spec.addRoot(printer);
-		runTest(spec);
-	}
+        runTest(spec);
+    }
 
-	@AfterClass
-	public static void cleanup() throws Exception {
-		File primary = new File(primaryFileName);
-		primary.deleteOnExit();
-	}
+    @AfterClass
+    public static void cleanup() throws Exception {
+        File primary = new File(primaryFileName);
+        primary.deleteOnExit();
+    }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/rtree/RTreeSecondaryIndexSearchOperatorTest.java b/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/rtree/RTreeSecondaryIndexSearchOperatorTest.java
index 2eadffe..300a726 100644
--- a/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/rtree/RTreeSecondaryIndexSearchOperatorTest.java
+++ b/hyracks-examples/hyracks-integration-tests/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/tests/rtree/RTreeSecondaryIndexSearchOperatorTest.java
@@ -48,20 +48,19 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.file.IFileSplitProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.file.PlainFileWriterOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.misc.ConstantTupleSourceOperatorDescriptor;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.misc.PrinterOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.sort.ExternalSortOperatorDescriptor;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.dataflow.BTreeOpHelperFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.dataflow.BTreeDataflowHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.dataflow.BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.frames.BTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.frames.BTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrameFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndex;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexDataflowHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexRegistryProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.tuples.TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.dataflow.RTreeOpHelperFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.dataflow.RTreeDataflowHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.dataflow.RTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.frames.RTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.frames.RTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory;
@@ -69,323 +68,257 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.tuples.RTreeTypeAwareTupleWriterFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.util.RTreeUtils;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.IStorageManagerInterface;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestIndexRegistryProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestStorageManagerComponentHolder;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestStorageManagerInterface;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestTreeIndexRegistryProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.tests.integration.AbstractIntegrationTest;
 
-public class RTreeSecondaryIndexSearchOperatorTest extends
-		AbstractIntegrationTest {
-	static {
-		TestStorageManagerComponentHolder.init(8192, 20, 20);
-	}
+public class RTreeSecondaryIndexSearchOperatorTest extends AbstractIntegrationTest {
+    static {
+        TestStorageManagerComponentHolder.init(8192, 20, 20);
+    }
 
-	private IStorageManagerInterface storageManager = new TestStorageManagerInterface();
-	private IIndexRegistryProvider<ITreeIndex> treeIndexRegistryProvider = new TestTreeIndexRegistryProvider();
-	private ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory opHelperFactory = new RTreeOpHelperFactory();
-	private ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory bTreeopHelperFactory = new BTreeOpHelperFactory();
+    private IStorageManagerInterface storageManager = new TestStorageManagerInterface();
+    private IIndexRegistryProvider<IIndex> indexRegistryProvider = new TestIndexRegistryProvider();
+    private IIndexDataflowHelperFactory dataflowHelperFactory = new RTreeDataflowHelperFactory();
+    private IIndexDataflowHelperFactory btreeDataflowHelperFactory = new BTreeDataflowHelperFactory();
 
-	private final static SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(
-			"ddMMyy-hhmmssSS");
-	private final static String sep = System.getProperty("file.separator");
+    private final static SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("ddMMyy-hhmmssSS");
+    private final static String sep = System.getProperty("file.separator");
 
-	// field, type and key declarations for primary B-tree index
-	private int primaryBTreeFieldCount = 10;
-	private ITypeTrait[] primaryBTreeTypeTraits = new ITypeTrait[primaryBTreeFieldCount];
-	private int primaryBTreeKeyFieldCount = 1;
-	private IBinaryComparatorFactory[] primaryBTreeComparatorFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[primaryBTreeKeyFieldCount];
-	private TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory primaryBTreeTupleWriterFactory = new TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory(
-			primaryBTreeTypeTraits);
-	private ITreeIndexFrameFactory primaryBTreeInteriorFrameFactory = new BTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory(
-			primaryBTreeTupleWriterFactory);
-	private ITreeIndexFrameFactory primaryBTreeLeafFrameFactory = new BTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory(
-			primaryBTreeTupleWriterFactory);
+    // field, type and key declarations for primary B-tree index
+    private int primaryBTreeFieldCount = 10;
+    private ITypeTrait[] primaryBTreeTypeTraits = new ITypeTrait[primaryBTreeFieldCount];
+    private int primaryBTreeKeyFieldCount = 1;
+    private IBinaryComparatorFactory[] primaryBTreeComparatorFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[primaryBTreeKeyFieldCount];
+    private TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory primaryBTreeTupleWriterFactory = new TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory(
+            primaryBTreeTypeTraits);
+    private ITreeIndexFrameFactory primaryBTreeInteriorFrameFactory = new BTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory(
+            primaryBTreeTupleWriterFactory);
+    private ITreeIndexFrameFactory primaryBTreeLeafFrameFactory = new BTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory(
+            primaryBTreeTupleWriterFactory);
 
-	private static String primaryBTreeName = "primaryBTree"
-			+ simpleDateFormat.format(new Date());
-	private static String primaryBTreeFileName = System
-			.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir") + sep + primaryBTreeName;
+    private static String primaryBTreeName = "primaryBTree" + simpleDateFormat.format(new Date());
+    private static String primaryBTreeFileName = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir") + sep + primaryBTreeName;
 
-	private IFileSplitProvider primaryBTreeSplitProvider = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(
-			new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID, new FileReference(new File(
-					primaryBTreeFileName))) });
+    private IFileSplitProvider primaryBTreeSplitProvider = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(
+            new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID, new FileReference(new File(primaryBTreeFileName))) });
 
-	private RecordDescriptor primaryBTreeRecDesc = new RecordDescriptor(
-			new ISerializerDeserializer[] {
-					UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-					UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-					UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-					UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-					UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-					UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-					DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-					DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-					DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-					DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, });
+    private RecordDescriptor primaryBTreeRecDesc = new RecordDescriptor(new ISerializerDeserializer[] {
+            UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+            UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+            UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+            DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+            DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, });
 
-	// field, type and key declarations for secondary indexes
-	private int secondaryFieldCount = 5;
-	private ITypeTrait[] secondaryTypeTraits = new ITypeTrait[secondaryFieldCount];
-	private int secondaryKeyFieldCount = 4;
-	private IBinaryComparatorFactory[] secondaryComparatorFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[secondaryKeyFieldCount];
-	private IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] secondaryValueProviderFactories = new IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[secondaryKeyFieldCount];
+    // field, type and key declarations for secondary indexes
+    private int secondaryFieldCount = 5;
+    private ITypeTrait[] secondaryTypeTraits = new ITypeTrait[secondaryFieldCount];
+    private int secondaryKeyFieldCount = 4;
+    private IBinaryComparatorFactory[] secondaryComparatorFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[secondaryKeyFieldCount];
+    private IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] secondaryValueProviderFactories = new IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[secondaryKeyFieldCount];
 
-	private RTreeTypeAwareTupleWriterFactory secondaryTupleWriterFactory = new RTreeTypeAwareTupleWriterFactory(
-			secondaryTypeTraits);
+    private RTreeTypeAwareTupleWriterFactory secondaryTupleWriterFactory = new RTreeTypeAwareTupleWriterFactory(
+            secondaryTypeTraits);
 
-	private ITreeIndexFrameFactory secondaryInteriorFrameFactory;
-	private ITreeIndexFrameFactory secondaryLeafFrameFactory;
+    private ITreeIndexFrameFactory secondaryInteriorFrameFactory;
+    private ITreeIndexFrameFactory secondaryLeafFrameFactory;
 
-	private static String secondaryRTreeName = "secondary"
-			+ simpleDateFormat.format(new Date());
-	private static String secondaryFileName = System
-			.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir") + sep + secondaryRTreeName;
+    private static String secondaryRTreeName = "secondary" + simpleDateFormat.format(new Date());
+    private static String secondaryFileName = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir") + sep + secondaryRTreeName;
 
-	private IFileSplitProvider secondaryRTreeSplitProvider = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(
-			new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID, new FileReference(new File(
-					secondaryFileName))) });
+    private IFileSplitProvider secondaryRTreeSplitProvider = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(
+            new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID, new FileReference(new File(secondaryFileName))) });
 
-	private RecordDescriptor secondaryRecDesc = new RecordDescriptor(
-			new ISerializerDeserializer[] {
-					DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-					DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-					DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-					DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-					UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE });
+    private RecordDescriptor secondaryRecDesc = new RecordDescriptor(new ISerializerDeserializer[] {
+            DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+            DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+            UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE });
 
-	@Before
-	public void setup() throws Exception {	
-		// field, type and key declarations for primary B-tree index
-		primaryBTreeTypeTraits[0] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryBTreeTypeTraits[1] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryBTreeTypeTraits[2] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryBTreeTypeTraits[3] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryBTreeTypeTraits[4] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryBTreeTypeTraits[5] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryBTreeTypeTraits[6] = ITypeTrait.DOUBLE_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryBTreeTypeTraits[7] = ITypeTrait.DOUBLE_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryBTreeTypeTraits[8] = ITypeTrait.DOUBLE_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryBTreeTypeTraits[9] = ITypeTrait.DOUBLE_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		primaryBTreeComparatorFactories[0] = UTF8StringBinaryComparatorFactory.INSTANCE;
+    @Before
+    public void setup() throws Exception {
+        // field, type and key declarations for primary B-tree index
+        primaryBTreeTypeTraits[0] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryBTreeTypeTraits[1] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryBTreeTypeTraits[2] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryBTreeTypeTraits[3] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryBTreeTypeTraits[4] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryBTreeTypeTraits[5] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryBTreeTypeTraits[6] = ITypeTrait.DOUBLE_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryBTreeTypeTraits[7] = ITypeTrait.DOUBLE_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryBTreeTypeTraits[8] = ITypeTrait.DOUBLE_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryBTreeTypeTraits[9] = ITypeTrait.DOUBLE_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        primaryBTreeComparatorFactories[0] = UTF8StringBinaryComparatorFactory.INSTANCE;
 
-		// field, type and key declarations for secondary indexes
-		secondaryTypeTraits[0] = ITypeTrait.DOUBLE_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		secondaryTypeTraits[1] = ITypeTrait.DOUBLE_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		secondaryTypeTraits[2] = ITypeTrait.DOUBLE_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		secondaryTypeTraits[3] = ITypeTrait.DOUBLE_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		secondaryTypeTraits[4] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
-		secondaryComparatorFactories[0] = DoubleBinaryComparatorFactory.INSTANCE;
-		secondaryComparatorFactories[1] = secondaryComparatorFactories[0];
-		secondaryComparatorFactories[2] = secondaryComparatorFactories[0];
-		secondaryComparatorFactories[3] = secondaryComparatorFactories[0];
-		secondaryValueProviderFactories[0] = DoublePrimitiveValueProviderFactory.INSTANCE;
-		secondaryValueProviderFactories[1] = secondaryValueProviderFactories[0];
-		secondaryValueProviderFactories[2] = secondaryValueProviderFactories[0];
-		secondaryValueProviderFactories[3] = secondaryValueProviderFactories[0];
+        // field, type and key declarations for secondary indexes
+        secondaryTypeTraits[0] = ITypeTrait.DOUBLE_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        secondaryTypeTraits[1] = ITypeTrait.DOUBLE_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        secondaryTypeTraits[2] = ITypeTrait.DOUBLE_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        secondaryTypeTraits[3] = ITypeTrait.DOUBLE_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        secondaryTypeTraits[4] = ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT;
+        secondaryComparatorFactories[0] = DoubleBinaryComparatorFactory.INSTANCE;
+        secondaryComparatorFactories[1] = secondaryComparatorFactories[0];
+        secondaryComparatorFactories[2] = secondaryComparatorFactories[0];
+        secondaryComparatorFactories[3] = secondaryComparatorFactories[0];
+        secondaryValueProviderFactories[0] = DoublePrimitiveValueProviderFactory.INSTANCE;
+        secondaryValueProviderFactories[1] = secondaryValueProviderFactories[0];
+        secondaryValueProviderFactories[2] = secondaryValueProviderFactories[0];
+        secondaryValueProviderFactories[3] = secondaryValueProviderFactories[0];
 
-		IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] secondaryValueProviderFactories = RTreeUtils
-				.comparatorFactoriesToPrimitiveValueProviderFactories(secondaryComparatorFactories);
-		
-		secondaryInteriorFrameFactory = new RTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory(
-				secondaryTupleWriterFactory, secondaryValueProviderFactories);
-		secondaryLeafFrameFactory = new RTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory(
-				secondaryTupleWriterFactory, secondaryValueProviderFactories);
-		
-		loadPrimaryBTreeIndexTest();
-		loadSecondaryIndexTest();
-	}
+        IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[] secondaryValueProviderFactories = RTreeUtils
+                .comparatorFactoriesToPrimitiveValueProviderFactories(secondaryComparatorFactories);
 
-	public void loadPrimaryBTreeIndexTest() throws Exception {
-		JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        secondaryInteriorFrameFactory = new RTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory(secondaryTupleWriterFactory,
+                secondaryValueProviderFactories);
+        secondaryLeafFrameFactory = new RTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory(secondaryTupleWriterFactory,
+                secondaryValueProviderFactories);
 
-		FileSplit[] ordersSplits = new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID,
-				new FileReference(new File("data/orders-with-locations.txt"))) };
-		IFileSplitProvider ordersSplitProvider = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(
-				ordersSplits);
-		RecordDescriptor ordersDesc = new RecordDescriptor(
-				new ISerializerDeserializer[] {
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-						DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE });
+        loadPrimaryBTreeIndexTest();
+        loadSecondaryIndexTest();
+    }
 
-		FileScanOperatorDescriptor ordScanner = new FileScanOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec, ordersSplitProvider, new DelimitedDataTupleParserFactory(
-						new IValueParserFactory[] {
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								DoubleParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								DoubleParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								DoubleParserFactory.INSTANCE,
-								DoubleParserFactory.INSTANCE }, '|'),
-				ordersDesc);
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
-				ordScanner, NC1_ID);
+    public void loadPrimaryBTreeIndexTest() throws Exception {
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
 
-		ExternalSortOperatorDescriptor sorter = new ExternalSortOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec,
-				1000,
-				new int[] { 0 },
-				new IBinaryComparatorFactory[] { UTF8StringBinaryComparatorFactory.INSTANCE },
-				ordersDesc);
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, sorter,
-				NC1_ID);
+        FileSplit[] ordersSplits = new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID, new FileReference(new File(
+                "data/orders-with-locations.txt"))) };
+        IFileSplitProvider ordersSplitProvider = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(ordersSplits);
+        RecordDescriptor ordersDesc = new RecordDescriptor(new ISerializerDeserializer[] {
+                UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+                UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+                UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+                UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+                UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+                DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+                DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE });
 
-		int[] fieldPermutation = { 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 };
-		TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor primaryBTreeBulkLoad = new TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec, storageManager, treeIndexRegistryProvider,
-				primaryBTreeSplitProvider, primaryBTreeInteriorFrameFactory,
-				primaryBTreeLeafFrameFactory, primaryBTreeTypeTraits,
-				primaryBTreeComparatorFactories, fieldPermutation, 0.7f,
-				bTreeopHelperFactory);
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
-				primaryBTreeBulkLoad, NC1_ID);
+        FileScanOperatorDescriptor ordScanner = new FileScanOperatorDescriptor(spec, ordersSplitProvider,
+                new DelimitedDataTupleParserFactory(new IValueParserFactory[] { UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
+                        UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE, UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
+                        UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE, UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
+                        UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE, UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
+                        UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE, UTF8StringParserFactory.INSTANCE,
+                        DoubleParserFactory.INSTANCE, DoubleParserFactory.INSTANCE, DoubleParserFactory.INSTANCE,
+                        DoubleParserFactory.INSTANCE }, '|'), ordersDesc);
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, ordScanner, NC1_ID);
 
-		spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), ordScanner, 0,
-				sorter, 0);
+        ExternalSortOperatorDescriptor sorter = new ExternalSortOperatorDescriptor(spec, 1000, new int[] { 0 },
+                new IBinaryComparatorFactory[] { UTF8StringBinaryComparatorFactory.INSTANCE }, ordersDesc);
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, sorter, NC1_ID);
 
-		spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), sorter, 0,
-				primaryBTreeBulkLoad, 0);
+        int[] fieldPermutation = { 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 };
+        TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor primaryBTreeBulkLoad = new TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor(spec,
+                storageManager, indexRegistryProvider, primaryBTreeSplitProvider, primaryBTreeInteriorFrameFactory,
+                primaryBTreeLeafFrameFactory, primaryBTreeTypeTraits, primaryBTreeComparatorFactories,
+                fieldPermutation, 0.7f, btreeDataflowHelperFactory);
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, primaryBTreeBulkLoad, NC1_ID);
 
-		spec.addRoot(primaryBTreeBulkLoad);
-		runTest(spec);
-	}
+        spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), ordScanner, 0, sorter, 0);
 
+        spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), sorter, 0, primaryBTreeBulkLoad, 0);
 
-	public void loadSecondaryIndexTest() throws Exception {
-		JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        spec.addRoot(primaryBTreeBulkLoad);
+        runTest(spec);
+    }
 
-		// build dummy tuple containing nothing
-		ArrayTupleBuilder tb = new ArrayTupleBuilder(primaryBTreeKeyFieldCount * 2);
-		DataOutput dos = tb.getDataOutput();
+    public void loadSecondaryIndexTest() throws Exception {
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
 
-		tb.reset();
-		UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE.serialize("0", dos);
-		tb.addFieldEndOffset();
+        // build dummy tuple containing nothing
+        ArrayTupleBuilder tb = new ArrayTupleBuilder(primaryBTreeKeyFieldCount * 2);
+        DataOutput dos = tb.getDataOutput();
 
-		ISerializerDeserializer[] keyRecDescSers = {
-				UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-				UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE };
-		RecordDescriptor keyRecDesc = new RecordDescriptor(keyRecDescSers);
+        tb.reset();
+        UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE.serialize("0", dos);
+        tb.addFieldEndOffset();
 
-		ConstantTupleSourceOperatorDescriptor keyProviderOp = new ConstantTupleSourceOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec, keyRecDesc, tb.getFieldEndOffsets(), tb.getByteArray(),
-				tb.getSize());
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
-				keyProviderOp, NC1_ID);
+        ISerializerDeserializer[] keyRecDescSers = { UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+                UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE };
+        RecordDescriptor keyRecDesc = new RecordDescriptor(keyRecDescSers);
 
-		int[] lowKeyFields = null; // - infinity
-		int[] highKeyFields = null; // + infinity
+        ConstantTupleSourceOperatorDescriptor keyProviderOp = new ConstantTupleSourceOperatorDescriptor(spec,
+                keyRecDesc, tb.getFieldEndOffsets(), tb.getByteArray(), tb.getSize());
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, keyProviderOp, NC1_ID);
 
-		// scan primary index
-		BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor primaryBTreeSearchOp = new BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec, primaryBTreeRecDesc, storageManager,
-				treeIndexRegistryProvider, primaryBTreeSplitProvider,
-				primaryBTreeInteriorFrameFactory, primaryBTreeLeafFrameFactory,
-				primaryBTreeTypeTraits, primaryBTreeComparatorFactories, true,
-				lowKeyFields, highKeyFields, true, true, bTreeopHelperFactory);
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
-				primaryBTreeSearchOp, NC1_ID);
+        int[] lowKeyFields = null; // - infinity
+        int[] highKeyFields = null; // + infinity
 
-		// load secondary index
-		int[] fieldPermutation = { 6, 7, 8, 9, 0 };
-		TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor secondaryRTreeBulkLoad = new TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec, storageManager, treeIndexRegistryProvider,
-				secondaryRTreeSplitProvider, secondaryInteriorFrameFactory,
-				secondaryLeafFrameFactory, secondaryTypeTraits,
-				secondaryComparatorFactories,
-				fieldPermutation, 0.7f, opHelperFactory);
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
-				secondaryRTreeBulkLoad, NC1_ID);
+        // scan primary index
+        BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor primaryBTreeSearchOp = new BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor(spec,
+                primaryBTreeRecDesc, storageManager, indexRegistryProvider, primaryBTreeSplitProvider,
+                primaryBTreeInteriorFrameFactory, primaryBTreeLeafFrameFactory, primaryBTreeTypeTraits,
+                primaryBTreeComparatorFactories, true, lowKeyFields, highKeyFields, true, true,
+                btreeDataflowHelperFactory);
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, primaryBTreeSearchOp, NC1_ID);
 
-		spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), keyProviderOp, 0,
-				primaryBTreeSearchOp, 0);
-		spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec),
-				primaryBTreeSearchOp, 0, secondaryRTreeBulkLoad, 0);
+        // load secondary index
+        int[] fieldPermutation = { 6, 7, 8, 9, 0 };
+        TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor secondaryRTreeBulkLoad = new TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor(spec,
+                storageManager, indexRegistryProvider, secondaryRTreeSplitProvider, secondaryInteriorFrameFactory,
+                secondaryLeafFrameFactory, secondaryTypeTraits, secondaryComparatorFactories, fieldPermutation, 0.7f,
+                dataflowHelperFactory);
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, secondaryRTreeBulkLoad, NC1_ID);
 
-		spec.addRoot(secondaryRTreeBulkLoad);
-		runTest(spec);
-	}
+        spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), keyProviderOp, 0, primaryBTreeSearchOp, 0);
+        spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), primaryBTreeSearchOp, 0, secondaryRTreeBulkLoad, 0);
 
-	@Test
-	public void searchSecondaryIndexTest() throws Exception {
-		JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        spec.addRoot(secondaryRTreeBulkLoad);
+        runTest(spec);
+    }
 
-		// build tuple
-		ArrayTupleBuilder tb = new ArrayTupleBuilder(secondaryKeyFieldCount);
-		DataOutput dos = tb.getDataOutput();
+    @Test
+    public void searchSecondaryIndexTest() throws Exception {
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
 
-		tb.reset();
-		DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE.serialize(61.2894, dos);
-		tb.addFieldEndOffset();
-		DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE.serialize(-149.624, dos);
-		tb.addFieldEndOffset();
-		DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE.serialize(61.8894, dos);
-		tb.addFieldEndOffset();
-		DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE.serialize(-149.024, dos);
-		tb.addFieldEndOffset();
+        // build tuple
+        ArrayTupleBuilder tb = new ArrayTupleBuilder(secondaryKeyFieldCount);
+        DataOutput dos = tb.getDataOutput();
 
-		ISerializerDeserializer[] keyRecDescSers = {
-				DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-				DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-				DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
-				DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE };
-		RecordDescriptor keyRecDesc = new RecordDescriptor(keyRecDescSers);
+        tb.reset();
+        DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE.serialize(61.2894, dos);
+        tb.addFieldEndOffset();
+        DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE.serialize(-149.624, dos);
+        tb.addFieldEndOffset();
+        DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE.serialize(61.8894, dos);
+        tb.addFieldEndOffset();
+        DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE.serialize(-149.024, dos);
+        tb.addFieldEndOffset();
 
-		ConstantTupleSourceOperatorDescriptor keyProviderOp = new ConstantTupleSourceOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec, keyRecDesc, tb.getFieldEndOffsets(), tb.getByteArray(),
-				tb.getSize());
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
-				keyProviderOp, NC1_ID);
+        ISerializerDeserializer[] keyRecDescSers = { DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+                DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE, DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE,
+                DoubleSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE };
+        RecordDescriptor keyRecDesc = new RecordDescriptor(keyRecDescSers);
 
-		int[] keyFields = { 0, 1, 2, 3 };
+        ConstantTupleSourceOperatorDescriptor keyProviderOp = new ConstantTupleSourceOperatorDescriptor(spec,
+                keyRecDesc, tb.getFieldEndOffsets(), tb.getByteArray(), tb.getSize());
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, keyProviderOp, NC1_ID);
 
-		RTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor secondaryRTreeSearchOp = new RTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor(
-				spec, secondaryRecDesc, storageManager,
-				treeIndexRegistryProvider, secondaryRTreeSplitProvider,
-				secondaryInteriorFrameFactory, secondaryLeafFrameFactory,
-				secondaryTypeTraits, secondaryComparatorFactories,
-				keyFields, opHelperFactory);
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec,
-				secondaryRTreeSearchOp, NC1_ID);
+        int[] keyFields = { 0, 1, 2, 3 };
 
-		IFileSplitProvider outSplits = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID,
+        RTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor secondaryRTreeSearchOp = new RTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor(spec,
+                secondaryRecDesc, storageManager, indexRegistryProvider, secondaryRTreeSplitProvider,
+                secondaryInteriorFrameFactory, secondaryLeafFrameFactory, secondaryTypeTraits,
+                secondaryComparatorFactories, keyFields, dataflowHelperFactory);
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, secondaryRTreeSearchOp, NC1_ID);
+
+        IFileSplitProvider outSplits = new ConstantFileSplitProvider(new FileSplit[] { new FileSplit(NC1_ID,
                 createTempFile().getAbsolutePath()) });
         IOperatorDescriptor printer = new PlainFileWriterOperatorDescriptor(spec, outSplits, ",");
-		PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, printer,
-				NC1_ID);
+        PartitionConstraintHelper.addAbsoluteLocationConstraint(spec, printer, NC1_ID);
 
-		spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), keyProviderOp, 0,
-				secondaryRTreeSearchOp, 0);
-		spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec),
-				secondaryRTreeSearchOp, 0, printer, 0);
+        spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), keyProviderOp, 0, secondaryRTreeSearchOp, 0);
+        spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), secondaryRTreeSearchOp, 0, printer, 0);
 
-		spec.addRoot(printer);
-		runTest(spec);
-	}
+        spec.addRoot(printer);
+        runTest(spec);
+    }
 
-	@AfterClass
-	public static void cleanup() throws Exception {
-		File primaryBTree = new File(primaryBTreeFileName);
-		primaryBTree.deleteOnExit();
+    @AfterClass
+    public static void cleanup() throws Exception {
+        File primaryBTree = new File(primaryBTreeFileName);
+        primaryBTree.deleteOnExit();
 
-		File secondary = new File(secondaryFileName);
-		secondary.deleteOnExit();
-	}
+        File secondary = new File(secondaryFileName);
+        secondary.deleteOnExit();
+    }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/dataflow/BTreeDataflowHelper.java b/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/dataflow/BTreeDataflowHelper.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e235b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/dataflow/BTreeDataflowHelper.java
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2009-2010 by The Regents of the University of California
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * you may obtain a copy of the License from
+ * 
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.dataflow;
+
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.context.IHyracksTaskContext;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.exceptions.HyracksDataException;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.impls.BTree;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IFreePageManager;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexMetaDataFrameFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexOperatorDescriptor;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.TreeIndexDataflowHelper;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.frames.LIFOMetaDataFrameFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.freepage.LinkedListFreePageManager;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.ophelpers.MultiComparator;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.util.IndexUtils;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.IBufferCache;
+
+public class BTreeDataflowHelper extends TreeIndexDataflowHelper {
+    public BTreeDataflowHelper(IIndexOperatorDescriptor opDesc, IHyracksTaskContext ctx, int partition,
+            boolean createIfNotExists) {
+        super(opDesc, ctx, partition, createIfNotExists);
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public ITreeIndex createIndexInstance() throws HyracksDataException {
+        MultiComparator cmp = IndexUtils.createMultiComparator(treeOpDesc.getTreeIndexComparatorFactories());
+        IBufferCache bufferCache = opDesc.getStorageManager().getBufferCache(ctx);
+        ITreeIndexMetaDataFrameFactory metaDataFrameFactory = new LIFOMetaDataFrameFactory();
+        IFreePageManager freePageManager = new LinkedListFreePageManager(bufferCache, indexFileId, 0,
+                metaDataFrameFactory);
+        return new BTree(bufferCache, treeOpDesc.getTreeIndexTypeTraits().length, cmp, freePageManager,
+                treeOpDesc.getTreeIndexInteriorFactory(), treeOpDesc.getTreeIndexLeafFactory());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/dataflow/BTreeDataflowHelperFactory.java b/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/dataflow/BTreeDataflowHelperFactory.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..308e305
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/dataflow/BTreeDataflowHelperFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2009-2010 by The Regents of the University of California
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * you may obtain a copy of the License from
+ * 
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.dataflow;
+
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.context.IHyracksTaskContext;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexDataflowHelperFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexOperatorDescriptor;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IndexDataflowHelper;
+
+public class BTreeDataflowHelperFactory implements IIndexDataflowHelperFactory {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    @Override
+    public IndexDataflowHelper createIndexDataflowHelper(IIndexOperatorDescriptor opDesc, IHyracksTaskContext ctx,
+            int partition, boolean createIfNotExists) {
+        return new BTreeDataflowHelper(opDesc, ctx, partition, createIfNotExists);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/dataflow/BTreeOpHelper.java b/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/dataflow/BTreeOpHelper.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 09a809b..0000000
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/dataflow/BTreeOpHelper.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.dataflow;
-
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.context.IHyracksTaskContext;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.exceptions.HyracksDataException;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.impls.BTree;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IFreePageManager;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexMetaDataFrameFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.ITreeIndexOperatorDescriptorHelper;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IndexHelperOpenMode;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.TreeIndexOpHelper;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.frames.LIFOMetaDataFrameFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.freepage.LinkedListFreePageManager;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.IBufferCache;
-
-public class BTreeOpHelper extends TreeIndexOpHelper {
-
-    protected ITreeIndexOperatorDescriptorHelper opDesc;
-
-    public BTreeOpHelper(ITreeIndexOperatorDescriptorHelper opDesc, IHyracksTaskContext ctx, int partition,
-            IndexHelperOpenMode mode) {
-        super(opDesc, ctx, partition, mode);
-        this.opDesc = opDesc;
-    }
-
-    public ITreeIndex createTreeIndex() throws HyracksDataException {
-        IBufferCache bufferCache = opDesc.getStorageManager().getBufferCache(ctx);
-        ITreeIndexMetaDataFrameFactory metaDataFrameFactory = new LIFOMetaDataFrameFactory();
-        IFreePageManager freePageManager = new LinkedListFreePageManager(bufferCache, indexFileId, 0,
-                metaDataFrameFactory);
-        return new BTree(bufferCache, opDesc.getTreeIndexFieldCount(), cmp, freePageManager, opDesc.getTreeIndexInteriorFactory(),
-                opDesc.getTreeIndexLeafFactory());
-    }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/dataflow/BTreeOpHelperFactory.java b/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/dataflow/BTreeOpHelperFactory.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 6cc79ab..0000000
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/dataflow/BTreeOpHelperFactory.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.dataflow;
-
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.context.IHyracksTaskContext;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.ITreeIndexOperatorDescriptorHelper;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IndexHelperOpenMode;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.TreeIndexOpHelper;
-
-public class BTreeOpHelperFactory implements ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory {
-
-    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
-
-    @Override
-    public TreeIndexOpHelper createTreeIndexOpHelper(ITreeIndexOperatorDescriptorHelper opDesc,
-            IHyracksTaskContext ctx, int partition, IndexHelperOpenMode mode) {
-        return new BTreeOpHelper(opDesc, ctx, partition, mode);
-    }
-
-}
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/dataflow/BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor.java b/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/dataflow/BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor.java
index fa64877..4075152 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/dataflow/BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/dataflow/BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor.java
@@ -23,11 +23,11 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.RecordDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.job.JobSpecification;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.file.IFileSplitProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndex;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexDataflowHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexRegistryProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.IStorageManagerInterface;
 
 public class BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor extends AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor {
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
     protected boolean highKeyInclusive;
 
     public BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor(JobSpecification spec, RecordDescriptor recDesc,
-            IStorageManagerInterface storageManager, IIndexRegistryProvider<ITreeIndex> treeIndexRegistryProvider,
+            IStorageManagerInterface storageManager, IIndexRegistryProvider<IIndex> indexRegistryProvider,
             IFileSplitProvider fileSplitProvider, ITreeIndexFrameFactory interiorFrameFactory,
             ITreeIndexFrameFactory leafFrameFactory, ITypeTrait[] typeTraits,
             IBinaryComparatorFactory[] comparatorFactories, boolean isForward, int[] lowKeyFields, int[] highKeyFields,
-            boolean lowKeyInclusive, boolean highKeyInclusive, ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory opHelperFactory) {
-        super(spec, 1, 1, recDesc, storageManager, treeIndexRegistryProvider, fileSplitProvider, interiorFrameFactory,
-                leafFrameFactory, typeTraits, comparatorFactories, opHelperFactory);
+            boolean lowKeyInclusive, boolean highKeyInclusive, IIndexDataflowHelperFactory dataflowHelperFactory) {
+        super(spec, 1, 1, recDesc, storageManager, indexRegistryProvider, fileSplitProvider, interiorFrameFactory,
+                leafFrameFactory, typeTraits, comparatorFactories, dataflowHelperFactory);
         this.isForward = isForward;
         this.lowKeyFields = lowKeyFields;
         this.highKeyFields = highKeyFields;
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/dataflow/BTreeSearchOperatorNodePushable.java b/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/dataflow/BTreeSearchOperatorNodePushable.java
index 8a24759..8a8c5ce 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/dataflow/BTreeSearchOperatorNodePushable.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/dataflow/BTreeSearchOperatorNodePushable.java
@@ -36,13 +36,12 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexCursor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrame;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IndexHelperOpenMode;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.PermutingFrameTupleReference;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.TreeIndexOpHelper;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.TreeIndexDataflowHelper;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.ophelpers.MultiComparator;
 
 public class BTreeSearchOperatorNodePushable extends AbstractUnaryInputUnaryOutputOperatorNodePushable {
-	protected TreeIndexOpHelper treeIndexOpHelper;
+	protected TreeIndexDataflowHelper treeIndexHelper;
 	protected FrameTupleAccessor accessor;
 
 	protected ByteBuffer writeBuffer;
@@ -68,8 +67,8 @@
     public BTreeSearchOperatorNodePushable(AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor opDesc, IHyracksTaskContext ctx,
             int partition, IRecordDescriptorProvider recordDescProvider, boolean isForward, int[] lowKeyFields,
             int[] highKeyFields, boolean lowKeyInclusive, boolean highKeyInclusive) {
-        treeIndexOpHelper = opDesc.getTreeIndexOpHelperFactory().createTreeIndexOpHelper(opDesc, ctx, partition,
-                IndexHelperOpenMode.OPEN);
+        treeIndexHelper = (TreeIndexDataflowHelper) opDesc.getIndexDataflowHelperFactory().createIndexDataflowHelper(
+                opDesc, ctx, partition, false);
         this.isForward = isForward;
         this.lowKeyInclusive = lowKeyInclusive;
         this.highKeyInclusive = highKeyInclusive;
@@ -86,17 +85,17 @@
 
     @Override
     public void open() throws HyracksDataException {
-        AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor opDesc = (AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor) treeIndexOpHelper
+        AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor opDesc = (AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor) treeIndexHelper
                 .getOperatorDescriptor();
-        accessor = new FrameTupleAccessor(treeIndexOpHelper.getHyracksTaskContext().getFrameSize(), recDesc);
+        accessor = new FrameTupleAccessor(treeIndexHelper.getHyracksTaskContext().getFrameSize(), recDesc);
 
         cursorFrame = opDesc.getTreeIndexLeafFactory().createFrame();
         setCursor();        
         writer.open();
 
         try {
-            treeIndexOpHelper.init();
-            btree = (BTree) treeIndexOpHelper.getTreeIndex();
+            treeIndexHelper.init();
+            btree = (BTree) treeIndexHelper.getIndex();
 
             // Construct range predicate.
             lowKeySearchCmp = BTreeUtils.getSearchMultiComparator(btree.getMultiComparator(), lowKey);
@@ -104,14 +103,14 @@
             rangePred = new RangePredicate(isForward, null, null, lowKeyInclusive, highKeyInclusive, lowKeySearchCmp,
                     highKeySearchCmp);
 
-            writeBuffer = treeIndexOpHelper.getHyracksTaskContext().allocateFrame();
+            writeBuffer = treeIndexHelper.getHyracksTaskContext().allocateFrame();
             tb = new ArrayTupleBuilder(btree.getFieldCount());
             dos = tb.getDataOutput();
-            appender = new FrameTupleAppender(treeIndexOpHelper.getHyracksTaskContext().getFrameSize());
+            appender = new FrameTupleAppender(treeIndexHelper.getHyracksTaskContext().getFrameSize());
             appender.reset(writeBuffer, true);
             indexAccessor = btree.createAccessor();
         } catch (Exception e) {
-            treeIndexOpHelper.deinit();
+            treeIndexHelper.deinit();
             throw new HyracksDataException(e);
         }
     }
@@ -177,7 +176,7 @@
                 throw new HyracksDataException(e);
             }
         } finally {
-            treeIndexOpHelper.deinit();
+            treeIndexHelper.deinit();
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/dataflow/BTreeUpdateSearchOperatorDescriptor.java b/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/dataflow/BTreeUpdateSearchOperatorDescriptor.java
index ed4db73..2be1641 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/dataflow/BTreeUpdateSearchOperatorDescriptor.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/dataflow/BTreeUpdateSearchOperatorDescriptor.java
@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.RecordDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.job.JobSpecification;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.file.IFileSplitProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITupleUpdaterFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndex;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexDataflowHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexRegistryProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.IStorageManagerInterface;
 
 public class BTreeUpdateSearchOperatorDescriptor extends BTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor {
@@ -22,15 +22,15 @@
     private final ITupleUpdaterFactory tupleUpdaterFactory;
     
     public BTreeUpdateSearchOperatorDescriptor(JobSpecification spec, RecordDescriptor recDesc,
-            IStorageManagerInterface storageManager, IIndexRegistryProvider<ITreeIndex> treeIndexRegistryProvider,
+            IStorageManagerInterface storageManager, IIndexRegistryProvider<IIndex> indexRegistryProvider,
             IFileSplitProvider fileSplitProvider, ITreeIndexFrameFactory interiorFrameFactory,
             ITreeIndexFrameFactory leafFrameFactory, ITypeTrait[] typeTraits,
             IBinaryComparatorFactory[] comparatorFactories, boolean isForward, int[] lowKeyFields, int[] highKeyFields,
-            boolean lowKeyInclusive, boolean highKeyInclusive, ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory opHelperFactory,
+            boolean lowKeyInclusive, boolean highKeyInclusive, IIndexDataflowHelperFactory dataflowHelperFactory,
             ITupleUpdaterFactory tupleUpdaterFactory) {
-        super(spec, recDesc, storageManager, treeIndexRegistryProvider, fileSplitProvider, interiorFrameFactory,
+        super(spec, recDesc, storageManager, indexRegistryProvider, fileSplitProvider, interiorFrameFactory,
                 leafFrameFactory, typeTraits, comparatorFactories, isForward, lowKeyFields, highKeyFields, lowKeyInclusive,
-                highKeyInclusive, opHelperFactory);
+                highKeyInclusive, dataflowHelperFactory);
         this.tupleUpdaterFactory = tupleUpdaterFactory;
     }
 
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/api/ITreeIndex.java b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/api/ITreeIndex.java
index 91b220d..46d22d1 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/api/ITreeIndex.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/api/ITreeIndex.java
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.exceptions.HyracksDataException;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.common.data.accessors.ITupleReference;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndex;
 
 /**
  * Interface describing the operations of tree-based index structures. Indexes
@@ -24,31 +25,7 @@
  * dataflow. We assume that indexes store tuples with a fixed number of fields.
  * Users must perform operations on an ITreeIndex via an ITreeIndexAccessor.
  */
-public interface ITreeIndex {
-
-	/**
-	 * Initializes the persistent state of a tree index, e.g., the root page,
-	 * and metadata pages.
-	 * 
-	 * @param indexFileId
-	 *            The file id to use for this index.
-	 * @throws HyracksDataException
-	 *             If the BufferCache throws while un/pinning or un/latching.
-	 */
-	public void create(int indexFileId) throws HyracksDataException;
-
-	/**
-	 * Opens the tree index backed by the given file id.
-	 * 
-	 * @param indexFileId
-	 *            The file id backing this index.
-	 */
-	public void open(int indexFileId);
-
-	/**
-	 * Closes the tree index.
-	 */
-	public void close();
+public interface ITreeIndex extends IIndex {
 
 	/**
 	 * Creates an index accessor for performing operations on this index.
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor.java b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor.java
index 3a0710e..459ab57 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor.java
@@ -21,13 +21,12 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.job.JobSpecification;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.base.AbstractSingleActivityOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.file.IFileSplitProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.IStorageManagerInterface;
 
 public abstract class AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor extends
 		AbstractSingleActivityOperatorDescriptor implements
-		ITreeIndexOperatorDescriptorHelper {
+		ITreeIndexOperatorDescriptor {
 
 	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
@@ -39,36 +38,36 @@
 	protected final ITreeIndexFrameFactory leafFrameFactory;
 
 	protected final IStorageManagerInterface storageManager;
-	protected final IIndexRegistryProvider<ITreeIndex> treeIndexRegistryProvider;
+	protected final IIndexRegistryProvider<IIndex> indexRegistryProvider;
 
 	protected final ITypeTrait[] typeTraits;
-
-	protected final ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory opHelperFactory;
+	protected final IIndexDataflowHelperFactory dataflowHelperFactory;
 
 	public AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor(JobSpecification spec,
 			int inputArity, int outputArity, RecordDescriptor recDesc,
 			IStorageManagerInterface storageManager,
-			IIndexRegistryProvider<ITreeIndex> treeIndexRegistryProvider,
+			IIndexRegistryProvider<IIndex> indexRegistryProvider,
 			IFileSplitProvider fileSplitProvider,
 			ITreeIndexFrameFactory interiorFrameFactory,
 			ITreeIndexFrameFactory leafFrameFactory, ITypeTrait[] typeTraits,
 			IBinaryComparatorFactory[] comparatorFactories,
-			ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory opHelperFactory) {
+			IIndexDataflowHelperFactory dataflowHelperFactory) {
 		super(spec, inputArity, outputArity);
 		this.fileSplitProvider = fileSplitProvider;
 		this.storageManager = storageManager;
-		this.treeIndexRegistryProvider = treeIndexRegistryProvider;
+		this.indexRegistryProvider = indexRegistryProvider;
 		this.interiorFrameFactory = interiorFrameFactory;
 		this.leafFrameFactory = leafFrameFactory;
 		this.typeTraits = typeTraits;
 		this.comparatorFactories = comparatorFactories;
-		this.opHelperFactory = opHelperFactory;
-		if (outputArity > 0)
+		this.dataflowHelperFactory = dataflowHelperFactory;
+		if (outputArity > 0) {
 			recordDescriptors[0] = recDesc;
+		}
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public IFileSplitProvider getTreeIndexFileSplitProvider() {
+	public IFileSplitProvider getFileSplitProvider() {
 		return fileSplitProvider;
 	}
 
@@ -83,11 +82,6 @@
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public int getTreeIndexFieldCount() {
-		return typeTraits.length;
-	}
-	
-	@Override
 	public ITreeIndexFrameFactory getTreeIndexInteriorFactory() {
 		return interiorFrameFactory;
 	}
@@ -103,8 +97,8 @@
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public IIndexRegistryProvider<ITreeIndex> getTreeIndexRegistryProvider() {
-		return treeIndexRegistryProvider;
+	public IIndexRegistryProvider<IIndex> getIndexRegistryProvider() {
+		return indexRegistryProvider;
 	}
 
 	@Override
@@ -113,7 +107,7 @@
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory getTreeIndexOpHelperFactory() {
-		return opHelperFactory;
+	public IIndexDataflowHelperFactory getIndexDataflowHelperFactory() {
+		return dataflowHelperFactory;
 	}
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/IIndex.java b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/IIndex.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38b275b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/IIndex.java
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2009-2010 by The Regents of the University of California
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * you may obtain a copy of the License from
+ * 
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow;
+
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.exceptions.HyracksDataException;
+
+/**
+ * Interface describing the operations common to all indexes.
+ */
+public interface IIndex {
+    /**
+     * Initializes the persistent state of an index, e.g., the root page,
+     * and metadata pages.
+     * 
+     * @param indexFileId
+     *            The file id to use for this index.
+     * @throws HyracksDataException
+     *             If the BufferCache throws while un/pinning or un/latching.
+     */
+    public void create(int indexFileId) throws HyracksDataException;
+
+    /**
+     * Opens the index backed by the given file id.
+     * 
+     * @param indexFileId
+     *            The file id backing this index.
+     */
+    public void open(int indexFileId);
+    
+    /**
+     * Closes the index.
+     */
+    public void close();
+}
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/IIndexDataflowHelperFactory.java b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/IIndexDataflowHelperFactory.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a42cf5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/IIndexDataflowHelperFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2009-2010 by The Regents of the University of California
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * you may obtain a copy of the License from
+ * 
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.context.IHyracksTaskContext;
+
+public interface IIndexDataflowHelperFactory extends Serializable {
+    public IndexDataflowHelper createIndexDataflowHelper(IIndexOperatorDescriptor opDesc,
+            final IHyracksTaskContext ctx, int partition, boolean createIfNotExists);
+}
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/IIndexOperatorDescriptor.java b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/IIndexOperatorDescriptor.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..edf2bba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/IIndexOperatorDescriptor.java
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2009-2010 by The Regents of the University of California
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * you may obtain a copy of the License from
+ * 
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow;
+
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.IActivity;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.RecordDescriptor;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.file.IFileSplitProvider;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.IStorageManagerInterface;
+
+public interface IIndexOperatorDescriptor extends IActivity {
+    public IFileSplitProvider getFileSplitProvider();
+
+    public IStorageManagerInterface getStorageManager();
+
+    public IIndexRegistryProvider<IIndex> getIndexRegistryProvider();    
+    
+    public RecordDescriptor getRecordDescriptor();
+    
+    public IIndexDataflowHelperFactory getIndexDataflowHelperFactory();
+}
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory.java b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 1f734f4..0000000
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow;
-
-import java.io.Serializable;
-
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.context.IHyracksTaskContext;
-
-public interface ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory extends Serializable {
-	public TreeIndexOpHelper createTreeIndexOpHelper(
-			ITreeIndexOperatorDescriptorHelper opDesc,
-			final IHyracksTaskContext ctx, int partition,
-			IndexHelperOpenMode mode);
-}
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/ITreeIndexOperatorDescriptor.java b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/ITreeIndexOperatorDescriptor.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9bbca56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/ITreeIndexOperatorDescriptor.java
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2009-2010 by The Regents of the University of California
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * you may obtain a copy of the License from
+ * 
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow;
+
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.IBinaryComparatorFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.ITypeTrait;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrameFactory;
+
+public interface ITreeIndexOperatorDescriptor extends IIndexOperatorDescriptor {
+	public IBinaryComparatorFactory[] getTreeIndexComparatorFactories();
+	
+	public ITreeIndexFrameFactory getTreeIndexInteriorFactory();
+
+	public ITreeIndexFrameFactory getTreeIndexLeafFactory();
+
+	public ITypeTrait[] getTreeIndexTypeTraits();
+	
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/ITreeIndexOperatorDescriptorHelper.java b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/ITreeIndexOperatorDescriptorHelper.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 468c04e..0000000
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/ITreeIndexOperatorDescriptorHelper.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow;
-
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.IActivity;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.IBinaryComparatorFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.ITypeTrait;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.RecordDescriptor;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.file.IFileSplitProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrameFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.IStorageManagerInterface;
-
-public interface ITreeIndexOperatorDescriptorHelper extends IActivity {
-	public IFileSplitProvider getTreeIndexFileSplitProvider();
-
-	public IBinaryComparatorFactory[] getTreeIndexComparatorFactories();
-
-	// TODO: Is this really needed?
-	public ITypeTrait[] getTreeIndexTypeTraits();
-	
-	public int getTreeIndexFieldCount();
-
-	public ITreeIndexFrameFactory getTreeIndexInteriorFactory();
-
-	public ITreeIndexFrameFactory getTreeIndexLeafFactory();
-
-	public IStorageManagerInterface getStorageManager();
-
-	public IIndexRegistryProvider<ITreeIndex> getTreeIndexRegistryProvider();
-
-	public RecordDescriptor getRecordDescriptor();
-
-	public ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory getTreeIndexOpHelperFactory();
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/IndexDataflowHelper.java b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/IndexDataflowHelper.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f0adb0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/IndexDataflowHelper.java
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2009-2010 by The Regents of the University of California
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * you may obtain a copy of the License from
+ * 
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow;
+
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.context.IHyracksTaskContext;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.exceptions.HyracksDataException;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.io.FileReference;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.file.IFileSplitProvider;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.IBufferCache;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.file.IFileMapProvider;
+
+public abstract class IndexDataflowHelper {
+    protected IIndex index;
+    protected int indexFileId = -1;
+    protected int partition;
+    
+    protected final IIndexOperatorDescriptor opDesc;
+    protected final IHyracksTaskContext ctx;
+    protected final boolean createIfNotExists;
+    
+    public IndexDataflowHelper(IIndexOperatorDescriptor opDesc, final IHyracksTaskContext ctx,
+            int partition, boolean createIfNotExists) {
+        this.opDesc = opDesc;
+        this.ctx = ctx;        
+        this.partition = partition;
+        this.createIfNotExists = createIfNotExists;
+    }
+
+    public void init() throws HyracksDataException {
+        IBufferCache bufferCache = opDesc.getStorageManager().getBufferCache(ctx);
+        IFileMapProvider fileMapProvider = opDesc.getStorageManager().getFileMapProvider(ctx);        
+
+        FileReference f = getFilereference();
+        int fileId = -1;
+        synchronized (fileMapProvider) {
+            boolean fileIsMapped = fileMapProvider.isMapped(f);
+            if (!fileIsMapped) {
+                bufferCache.createFile(f);
+            }
+            fileId = fileMapProvider.lookupFileId(f);
+            try {
+                bufferCache.openFile(fileId);
+            } catch (HyracksDataException e) {
+                // Revert state of buffer cache since file failed to open.
+                if (!fileIsMapped) {
+                    bufferCache.deleteFile(fileId);
+                }
+                throw e;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Only set indexFileId member when openFile() succeeds,
+        // otherwise deinit() will try to close the file that failed to open
+        indexFileId = fileId;
+        IndexRegistry<IIndex> indexRegistry = opDesc.getIndexRegistryProvider().getRegistry(ctx);
+        // Create new index instance and register it.
+        synchronized (indexRegistry) {
+            // Check if the index has already been registered.
+            index = indexRegistry.get(indexFileId);
+            if (index != null) {
+                return;
+            }
+            index = createIndexInstance();
+            if (createIfNotExists) {
+                index.create(indexFileId);                
+            }
+            index.open(indexFileId);
+            indexRegistry.register(indexFileId, index);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public abstract IIndex createIndexInstance() throws HyracksDataException;
+
+    public FileReference getFilereference() {
+        IFileSplitProvider fileSplitProvider = opDesc.getFileSplitProvider();
+        return fileSplitProvider.getFileSplits()[partition].getLocalFile();
+    }
+    
+    public void deinit() throws HyracksDataException {
+        if (indexFileId != -1) {
+            IBufferCache bufferCache = opDesc.getStorageManager().getBufferCache(ctx);
+            bufferCache.closeFile(indexFileId);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public IIndex getIndex() {
+        return index;
+    }
+
+    public IHyracksTaskContext getHyracksTaskContext() {
+        return ctx;
+    }
+
+    public IIndexOperatorDescriptor getOperatorDescriptor() {
+        return opDesc;
+    }
+
+    public int getIndexFileId() {
+        return indexFileId;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/IndexHelperOpenMode.java b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/IndexHelperOpenMode.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 0b27a0e..0000000
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/IndexHelperOpenMode.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow;
-
-public enum IndexHelperOpenMode {
-	OPEN, CREATE, ENLIST
-}
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor.java b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor.java
index a58522f..c5b5355 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor.java
@@ -22,40 +22,31 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.ITypeTrait;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.job.JobSpecification;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.file.IFileSplitProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.IStorageManagerInterface;
 
-public class TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor extends
-		AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor {
+public class TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor extends AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor {
 
-	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
-	private final int[] fieldPermutation;
-	private final float fillFactor;
+    private final int[] fieldPermutation;
+    private final float fillFactor;
 
-	public TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor(JobSpecification spec,
-			IStorageManagerInterface storageManager,
-			IIndexRegistryProvider<ITreeIndex> treeIndexRegistryProvider,
-			IFileSplitProvider fileSplitProvider,
-			ITreeIndexFrameFactory interiorFrameFactory,
-			ITreeIndexFrameFactory leafFrameFactory, ITypeTrait[] typeTraits,
-			IBinaryComparatorFactory[] comparatorFactories,			
-			int[] fieldPermutation, float fillFactor,
-			ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory opHelperFactory) {
-		super(spec, 1, 0, null, storageManager, treeIndexRegistryProvider,
-				fileSplitProvider, interiorFrameFactory, leafFrameFactory,
-				typeTraits, comparatorFactories,
-				opHelperFactory);
-		this.fieldPermutation = fieldPermutation;
-		this.fillFactor = fillFactor;
-	}
+    public TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor(JobSpecification spec, IStorageManagerInterface storageManager,
+            IIndexRegistryProvider<IIndex> indexRegistryProvider, IFileSplitProvider fileSplitProvider,
+            ITreeIndexFrameFactory interiorFrameFactory, ITreeIndexFrameFactory leafFrameFactory,
+            ITypeTrait[] typeTraits, IBinaryComparatorFactory[] comparatorFactories, int[] fieldPermutation,
+            float fillFactor, IIndexDataflowHelperFactory dataflowHelperFactory) {
+        super(spec, 1, 0, null, storageManager, indexRegistryProvider, fileSplitProvider, interiorFrameFactory,
+                leafFrameFactory, typeTraits, comparatorFactories, dataflowHelperFactory);
+        this.fieldPermutation = fieldPermutation;
+        this.fillFactor = fillFactor;
+    }
 
-	@Override
-	public IOperatorNodePushable createPushRuntime(IHyracksTaskContext ctx,
-			IRecordDescriptorProvider recordDescProvider,
-			int partition, int nPartitions) {
-		return new TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorNodePushable(this, ctx, partition,
-				fieldPermutation, fillFactor, recordDescProvider);
-	}
+    @Override
+    public IOperatorNodePushable createPushRuntime(IHyracksTaskContext ctx,
+            IRecordDescriptorProvider recordDescProvider, int partition, int nPartitions) {
+        return new TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorNodePushable(this, ctx, partition, fieldPermutation, fillFactor,
+                recordDescProvider);
+    }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorNodePushable.java b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorNodePushable.java
index 8d5582d..bc2d67e 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorNodePushable.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorNodePushable.java
@@ -23,78 +23,73 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.common.comm.io.FrameTupleAccessor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.base.AbstractUnaryInputSinkOperatorNodePushable;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IIndexBulkLoadContext;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.PageAllocationException;
 
-public class TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorNodePushable extends
-		AbstractUnaryInputSinkOperatorNodePushable {
-	private float fillFactor;
-	private final TreeIndexOpHelper treeIndexOpHelper;
-	private FrameTupleAccessor accessor;
-	private IIndexBulkLoadContext bulkLoadCtx;
+public class TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorNodePushable extends AbstractUnaryInputSinkOperatorNodePushable {
+    private float fillFactor;
+    private final TreeIndexDataflowHelper treeIndexHelper;
+    private FrameTupleAccessor accessor;
+    private IIndexBulkLoadContext bulkLoadCtx;
+    private ITreeIndex treeIndex;
 
-	private IRecordDescriptorProvider recordDescProvider;
+    private IRecordDescriptorProvider recordDescProvider;
 
-	private PermutingFrameTupleReference tuple = new PermutingFrameTupleReference();
+    private PermutingFrameTupleReference tuple = new PermutingFrameTupleReference();
 
-	public TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorNodePushable(
-			AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor opDesc,
-			IHyracksTaskContext ctx, int partition, int[] fieldPermutation,
-			float fillFactor, IRecordDescriptorProvider recordDescProvider) {
-		treeIndexOpHelper = opDesc.getTreeIndexOpHelperFactory()
-				.createTreeIndexOpHelper(opDesc, ctx, partition,
-						IndexHelperOpenMode.CREATE);
-		this.fillFactor = fillFactor;
-		this.recordDescProvider = recordDescProvider;
-		tuple.setFieldPermutation(fieldPermutation);
-	}
+    public TreeIndexBulkLoadOperatorNodePushable(AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor opDesc, IHyracksTaskContext ctx,
+            int partition, int[] fieldPermutation, float fillFactor, IRecordDescriptorProvider recordDescProvider) {
+        treeIndexHelper = (TreeIndexDataflowHelper) opDesc.getIndexDataflowHelperFactory().createIndexDataflowHelper(
+                opDesc, ctx, partition, true);
+        this.fillFactor = fillFactor;
+        this.recordDescProvider = recordDescProvider;
+        tuple.setFieldPermutation(fieldPermutation);
+    }
 
-	@Override
-	public void open() throws HyracksDataException {
-		AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor opDesc = (AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor) treeIndexOpHelper
-				.getOperatorDescriptor();
-		RecordDescriptor recDesc = recordDescProvider.getInputRecordDescriptor(
-				opDesc.getOperatorId(), 0);
-		accessor = new FrameTupleAccessor(treeIndexOpHelper
-				.getHyracksTaskContext().getFrameSize(), recDesc);
-		try {
-			treeIndexOpHelper.init();
-			treeIndexOpHelper.getTreeIndex().open(
-					treeIndexOpHelper.getIndexFileId());
-			bulkLoadCtx = treeIndexOpHelper.getTreeIndex().beginBulkLoad(fillFactor);
-		} catch (Exception e) {
-			// cleanup in case of failure
-			treeIndexOpHelper.deinit();
-			throw new HyracksDataException(e);
-		}
-	}
+    @Override
+    public void open() throws HyracksDataException {
+        AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor opDesc = (AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor) treeIndexHelper
+                .getOperatorDescriptor();
+        RecordDescriptor recDesc = recordDescProvider.getInputRecordDescriptor(opDesc.getOperatorId(), 0);
+        accessor = new FrameTupleAccessor(treeIndexHelper.getHyracksTaskContext().getFrameSize(), recDesc);
+        try {
+            treeIndexHelper.init();
+            treeIndex = (ITreeIndex) treeIndexHelper.getIndex();
+            treeIndex.open(treeIndexHelper.getIndexFileId());
+            bulkLoadCtx = treeIndex.beginBulkLoad(fillFactor);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            // cleanup in case of failure
+            treeIndexHelper.deinit();
+            throw new HyracksDataException(e);
+        }
+    }
 
-	@Override
-	public void nextFrame(ByteBuffer buffer) throws HyracksDataException {
-		accessor.reset(buffer);
-		int tupleCount = accessor.getTupleCount();
-		for (int i = 0; i < tupleCount; i++) {
-			tuple.reset(accessor, i);
-			try {
-				treeIndexOpHelper.getTreeIndex().bulkLoadAddTuple(tuple,
-						bulkLoadCtx);
-			} catch (PageAllocationException e) {
-				throw new HyracksDataException(e);
-			}
-		}
-	}
+    @Override
+    public void nextFrame(ByteBuffer buffer) throws HyracksDataException {
+        accessor.reset(buffer);
+        int tupleCount = accessor.getTupleCount();
+        for (int i = 0; i < tupleCount; i++) {
+            tuple.reset(accessor, i);
+            try {
+                treeIndex.bulkLoadAddTuple(tuple, bulkLoadCtx);
+            } catch (PageAllocationException e) {
+                throw new HyracksDataException(e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
-	@Override
-	public void close() throws HyracksDataException {
-		try {
-			treeIndexOpHelper.getTreeIndex().endBulkLoad(bulkLoadCtx);		
-		} catch (PageAllocationException e) {
-			throw new HyracksDataException(e);
-		} finally {
-			treeIndexOpHelper.deinit();
-		}
-	}
+    @Override
+    public void close() throws HyracksDataException {
+        try {
+            treeIndex.endBulkLoad(bulkLoadCtx);
+        } catch (PageAllocationException e) {
+            throw new HyracksDataException(e);
+        } finally {
+            treeIndexHelper.deinit();
+        }
+    }
 
-	@Override
-	public void fail() throws HyracksDataException {
-	}
+    @Override
+    public void fail() throws HyracksDataException {
+    }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexDataflowHelper.java b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexDataflowHelper.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..17c1827
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexDataflowHelper.java
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2009-2010 by The Regents of the University of California
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * you may obtain a copy of the License from
+ * 
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow;
+
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.context.IHyracksTaskContext;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.exceptions.HyracksDataException;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexCursor;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrame;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls.TreeDiskOrderScanCursor;
+
+public abstract class TreeIndexDataflowHelper extends IndexDataflowHelper {
+    protected ITreeIndexOperatorDescriptor treeOpDesc;
+    public TreeIndexDataflowHelper(IIndexOperatorDescriptor opDesc, IHyracksTaskContext ctx, int partition,
+            boolean createIfNotExists) {
+        super(opDesc, ctx, partition, createIfNotExists);
+        this.treeOpDesc = (ITreeIndexOperatorDescriptor) opDesc;
+    }
+
+    public abstract ITreeIndex createIndexInstance() throws HyracksDataException;
+    
+    public ITreeIndexCursor createDiskOrderScanCursor(ITreeIndexFrame leafFrame) throws HyracksDataException {
+        return new TreeDiskOrderScanCursor(leafFrame);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexDiskOrderScanOperatorDescriptor.java b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexDiskOrderScanOperatorDescriptor.java
index 9a1fc87..8cc83f7 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexDiskOrderScanOperatorDescriptor.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexDiskOrderScanOperatorDescriptor.java
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.RecordDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.job.JobSpecification;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.file.IFileSplitProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.IStorageManagerInterface;
 
@@ -33,14 +32,14 @@
 
 	public TreeIndexDiskOrderScanOperatorDescriptor(JobSpecification spec,
 			RecordDescriptor recDesc, IStorageManagerInterface storageManager,
-			IIndexRegistryProvider<ITreeIndex> treeIndexRegistryProvider,
+			IIndexRegistryProvider<IIndex> indexRegistryProvider,
 			IFileSplitProvider fileSplitProvider,
 			ITreeIndexFrameFactory interiorFrameFactory,
 			ITreeIndexFrameFactory leafFrameFactory, ITypeTrait[] typeTraits,
-			ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory opHelperFactory) {
-		super(spec, 0, 1, recDesc, storageManager, treeIndexRegistryProvider,
+			IIndexDataflowHelperFactory dataflowHelperFactory) {
+		super(spec, 0, 1, recDesc, storageManager, indexRegistryProvider,
 				fileSplitProvider, interiorFrameFactory, leafFrameFactory,
-				typeTraits, null, opHelperFactory);
+				typeTraits, null, dataflowHelperFactory);
 	}
 
 	@Override
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexDiskOrderScanOperatorNodePushable.java b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexDiskOrderScanOperatorNodePushable.java
index 184bb4e..d9b4d87 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexDiskOrderScanOperatorNodePushable.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexDiskOrderScanOperatorNodePushable.java
@@ -24,86 +24,78 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.common.comm.util.FrameUtils;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.common.data.accessors.ITupleReference;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.base.AbstractUnaryOutputSourceOperatorNodePushable;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexAccessor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexCursor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrame;
 
-public class TreeIndexDiskOrderScanOperatorNodePushable extends
-		AbstractUnaryOutputSourceOperatorNodePushable {
-	private final TreeIndexOpHelper treeIndexOpHelper;
+public class TreeIndexDiskOrderScanOperatorNodePushable extends AbstractUnaryOutputSourceOperatorNodePushable {
+    private final TreeIndexDataflowHelper treeIndexHelper;
+    private final ITreeIndexOperatorDescriptor opDesc;
+    private ITreeIndex treeIndex;
 
-	public TreeIndexDiskOrderScanOperatorNodePushable(
-			AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor opDesc,
-			IHyracksTaskContext ctx, int partition) {
-		treeIndexOpHelper = opDesc.getTreeIndexOpHelperFactory()
-				.createTreeIndexOpHelper(opDesc, ctx, partition,
-						IndexHelperOpenMode.OPEN);
-	}
+    public TreeIndexDiskOrderScanOperatorNodePushable(AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor opDesc,
+            IHyracksTaskContext ctx, int partition) {
+        treeIndexHelper = (TreeIndexDataflowHelper) opDesc.getIndexDataflowHelperFactory().createIndexDataflowHelper(
+                opDesc, ctx, partition, false);
+        this.opDesc = opDesc;
+    }
 
-	@Override
-	public void initialize() throws HyracksDataException {
-		ITreeIndexFrame cursorFrame = treeIndexOpHelper.getOperatorDescriptor()
-				.getTreeIndexLeafFactory().createFrame();
-		ITreeIndexCursor cursor = treeIndexOpHelper
-				.createDiskOrderScanCursor(cursorFrame);
-		ITreeIndexAccessor indexAccessor = treeIndexOpHelper.getTreeIndex().createAccessor();
-		try {
-			treeIndexOpHelper.init();
-			writer.open();
-			try {
-				indexAccessor.diskOrderScan(cursor);
+    @Override
+    public void initialize() throws HyracksDataException {
+        ITreeIndexFrame cursorFrame = opDesc.getTreeIndexLeafFactory().createFrame();
+        ITreeIndexCursor cursor = treeIndexHelper.createDiskOrderScanCursor(cursorFrame);
+        try {
+            treeIndexHelper.init();
+            treeIndex = (ITreeIndex) treeIndexHelper.getIndex();
+            ITreeIndexAccessor indexAccessor = treeIndex.createAccessor();
+            writer.open();
+            try {
+                indexAccessor.diskOrderScan(cursor);
+                int fieldCount = treeIndex.getFieldCount();
+                ByteBuffer frame = treeIndexHelper.getHyracksTaskContext().allocateFrame();
+                FrameTupleAppender appender = new FrameTupleAppender(treeIndexHelper.getHyracksTaskContext()
+                        .getFrameSize());
+                appender.reset(frame, true);
+                ArrayTupleBuilder tb = new ArrayTupleBuilder(fieldCount);
+                DataOutput dos = tb.getDataOutput();
 
-				int fieldCount = treeIndexOpHelper.getTreeIndex()
-						.getFieldCount();
-				ByteBuffer frame = treeIndexOpHelper.getHyracksTaskContext()
-						.allocateFrame();
-				FrameTupleAppender appender = new FrameTupleAppender(
-						treeIndexOpHelper.getHyracksTaskContext()
-								.getFrameSize());
-				appender.reset(frame, true);
-				ArrayTupleBuilder tb = new ArrayTupleBuilder(fieldCount);
-				DataOutput dos = tb.getDataOutput();
+                while (cursor.hasNext()) {
+                    tb.reset();
+                    cursor.next();
 
-				while (cursor.hasNext()) {
-					tb.reset();
-					cursor.next();
+                    ITupleReference frameTuple = cursor.getTuple();
+                    for (int i = 0; i < frameTuple.getFieldCount(); i++) {
+                        dos.write(frameTuple.getFieldData(i), frameTuple.getFieldStart(i), frameTuple.getFieldLength(i));
+                        tb.addFieldEndOffset();
+                    }
 
-					ITupleReference frameTuple = cursor.getTuple();
-					for (int i = 0; i < frameTuple.getFieldCount(); i++) {
-						dos.write(frameTuple.getFieldData(i),
-								frameTuple.getFieldStart(i),
-								frameTuple.getFieldLength(i));
-						tb.addFieldEndOffset();
-					}
+                    if (!appender.append(tb.getFieldEndOffsets(), tb.getByteArray(), 0, tb.getSize())) {
+                        FrameUtils.flushFrame(frame, writer);
+                        appender.reset(frame, true);
+                        if (!appender.append(tb.getFieldEndOffsets(), tb.getByteArray(), 0, tb.getSize())) {
+                            throw new IllegalStateException();
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                if (appender.getTupleCount() > 0) {
+                    FrameUtils.flushFrame(frame, writer);
+                }
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                writer.fail();
+                throw new HyracksDataException(e);
+            } finally {
+                cursor.close();
+                writer.close();
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            deinitialize();
+            throw new HyracksDataException(e);
+        }
+    }
 
-					if (!appender.append(tb.getFieldEndOffsets(),
-							tb.getByteArray(), 0, tb.getSize())) {
-						FrameUtils.flushFrame(frame, writer);
-						appender.reset(frame, true);
-						if (!appender.append(tb.getFieldEndOffsets(),
-								tb.getByteArray(), 0, tb.getSize())) {
-							throw new IllegalStateException();
-						}
-					}
-				}
-				if (appender.getTupleCount() > 0) {
-					FrameUtils.flushFrame(frame, writer);
-				}
-			} catch (Exception e) {
-				writer.fail();
-				throw new HyracksDataException(e);
-			} finally {
-				cursor.close();
-				writer.close();
-			}
-		} catch (Exception e) {
-			deinitialize();
-			throw new HyracksDataException(e);
-		}
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public void deinitialize() throws HyracksDataException {
-		treeIndexOpHelper.deinit();
-	}
+    @Override
+    public void deinitialize() throws HyracksDataException {
+        treeIndexHelper.deinit();
+    }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexFileEnlistmentOperatorDescriptor.java b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexFileEnlistmentOperatorDescriptor.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 15e230c..0000000
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexFileEnlistmentOperatorDescriptor.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2009-2010 by The Regents of the University of California
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * you may obtain a copy of the License from
- * 
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- * 
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow;
-
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.context.IHyracksTaskContext;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.IOperatorNodePushable;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.IBinaryComparatorFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.IRecordDescriptorProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.ITypeTrait;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.RecordDescriptor;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.exceptions.HyracksDataException;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.job.JobSpecification;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.file.IFileSplitProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrameFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.IStorageManagerInterface;
-
-// re-create in-memory state for a tree index that has already been built (i.e., the file exists):
-// 1. register files in file manager (FileManager)
-// 2. create file mappings (FileMappingProvider)
-// 3. register tree index instance (IndexRegistry)
-
-public class TreeIndexFileEnlistmentOperatorDescriptor extends
-		AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor {
-
-	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
-
-	public TreeIndexFileEnlistmentOperatorDescriptor(JobSpecification spec,
-			RecordDescriptor recDesc, IStorageManagerInterface storageManager,
-			IIndexRegistryProvider<ITreeIndex> treeIndexRegistryProvider,
-			IFileSplitProvider fileSplitProvider,
-			ITreeIndexFrameFactory interiorFrameFactory,
-			ITreeIndexFrameFactory leafFrameFactory, ITypeTrait[] typeTraits,
-			IBinaryComparatorFactory[] comparatorFactories,
-			ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory opHelperFactory) {
-		super(spec, 0, 0, recDesc, storageManager, treeIndexRegistryProvider,
-				fileSplitProvider, interiorFrameFactory, leafFrameFactory,
-				typeTraits, comparatorFactories, opHelperFactory);
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public IOperatorNodePushable createPushRuntime(IHyracksTaskContext ctx,
-			IRecordDescriptorProvider recordDescProvider,
-			int partition, int partitions) throws HyracksDataException {
-		return new TreeIndexFileEnlistmentOperatorNodePushable(this, ctx,
-				partition);
-	}
-
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexFileEnlistmentOperatorNodePushable.java b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexFileEnlistmentOperatorNodePushable.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 124e2cc..0000000
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexFileEnlistmentOperatorNodePushable.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2009-2010 by The Regents of the University of California
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * you may obtain a copy of the License from
- * 
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- * 
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow;
-
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.comm.IFrameWriter;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.context.IHyracksTaskContext;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.RecordDescriptor;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.exceptions.HyracksDataException;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.base.AbstractOperatorNodePushable;
-
-public class TreeIndexFileEnlistmentOperatorNodePushable extends
-		AbstractOperatorNodePushable {
-
-	private final TreeIndexOpHelper treeIndexOpHelper;
-
-	public TreeIndexFileEnlistmentOperatorNodePushable(
-			AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor opDesc,
-			IHyracksTaskContext ctx, int partition) {
-		treeIndexOpHelper = opDesc.getTreeIndexOpHelperFactory()
-				.createTreeIndexOpHelper(opDesc, ctx, partition,
-						IndexHelperOpenMode.ENLIST);
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public void deinitialize() throws HyracksDataException {
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public int getInputArity() {
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public IFrameWriter getInputFrameWriter(int index) {
-		return null;
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public void initialize() throws HyracksDataException {
-		try {
-			treeIndexOpHelper.init();
-		} finally {
-			treeIndexOpHelper.deinit();
-		}
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public void setOutputFrameWriter(int index, IFrameWriter writer,
-			RecordDescriptor recordDesc) {
-	}
-}
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexInsertUpdateDeleteOperatorDescriptor.java b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexInsertUpdateDeleteOperatorDescriptor.java
index 2c525dd..50fb3ea 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexInsertUpdateDeleteOperatorDescriptor.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexInsertUpdateDeleteOperatorDescriptor.java
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.RecordDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.job.JobSpecification;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.file.IFileSplitProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.ophelpers.IndexOp;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.IStorageManagerInterface;
@@ -39,17 +38,17 @@
 
 	public TreeIndexInsertUpdateDeleteOperatorDescriptor(JobSpecification spec,
 			RecordDescriptor recDesc, IStorageManagerInterface storageManager,
-			IIndexRegistryProvider<ITreeIndex> treeIndexRegistryProvider,
+			IIndexRegistryProvider<IIndex> indexRegistryProvider,
 			IFileSplitProvider fileSplitProvider,
 			ITreeIndexFrameFactory interiorFrameFactory,
 			ITreeIndexFrameFactory leafFrameFactory, ITypeTrait[] typeTraits,
 			IBinaryComparatorFactory[] comparatorFactories,
 			int[] fieldPermutation, IndexOp op,
-			ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory opHelperFactory) {
-		super(spec, 1, 1, recDesc, storageManager, treeIndexRegistryProvider,
+			IIndexDataflowHelperFactory dataflowHelperFactory) {
+		super(spec, 1, 1, recDesc, storageManager, indexRegistryProvider,
 				fileSplitProvider, interiorFrameFactory, leafFrameFactory,
 				typeTraits, comparatorFactories,
-				opHelperFactory);
+				dataflowHelperFactory);
 		this.fieldPermutation = fieldPermutation;
 		this.op = op;
 	}
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexInsertUpdateDeleteOperatorNodePushable.java b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexInsertUpdateDeleteOperatorNodePushable.java
index ba4106b..bf78249 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexInsertUpdateDeleteOperatorNodePushable.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexInsertUpdateDeleteOperatorNodePushable.java
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.ophelpers.IndexOp;
 
 public class TreeIndexInsertUpdateDeleteOperatorNodePushable extends AbstractUnaryInputUnaryOutputOperatorNodePushable {
-    private final TreeIndexOpHelper treeIndexOpHelper;
+    private final TreeIndexDataflowHelper treeIndexHelper;
     private FrameTupleAccessor accessor;
     private final IRecordDescriptorProvider recordDescProvider;
     private final IndexOp op;
@@ -39,8 +39,10 @@
     public TreeIndexInsertUpdateDeleteOperatorNodePushable(AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor opDesc,
             IHyracksTaskContext ctx, int partition, int[] fieldPermutation,
             IRecordDescriptorProvider recordDescProvider, IndexOp op) {
-        treeIndexOpHelper = opDesc.getTreeIndexOpHelperFactory().createTreeIndexOpHelper(opDesc, ctx, partition,
-                IndexHelperOpenMode.OPEN);
+        // Only create the if insert operation is an insert.
+        boolean createIfNotExists = (op == IndexOp.INSERT);
+        treeIndexHelper = (TreeIndexDataflowHelper) opDesc.getIndexDataflowHelperFactory().createIndexDataflowHelper(
+                opDesc, ctx, partition, createIfNotExists);
         this.recordDescProvider = recordDescProvider;
         this.op = op;
         tuple.setFieldPermutation(fieldPermutation);
@@ -48,54 +50,47 @@
 
     @Override
     public void open() throws HyracksDataException {
-        AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor opDesc = (AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor) treeIndexOpHelper
+        AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor opDesc = (AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor) treeIndexHelper
                 .getOperatorDescriptor();
         RecordDescriptor inputRecDesc = recordDescProvider.getInputRecordDescriptor(opDesc.getOperatorId(), 0);
-        accessor = new FrameTupleAccessor(treeIndexOpHelper.getHyracksTaskContext().getFrameSize(), inputRecDesc);
-        writeBuffer = treeIndexOpHelper.getHyracksTaskContext().allocateFrame();
+        accessor = new FrameTupleAccessor(treeIndexHelper.getHyracksTaskContext().getFrameSize(), inputRecDesc);
+        writeBuffer = treeIndexHelper.getHyracksTaskContext().allocateFrame();
         writer.open();
         try {
-            treeIndexOpHelper.init();
-            treeIndexOpHelper.getTreeIndex().open(treeIndexOpHelper.getIndexFileId());
-            indexAccessor = treeIndexOpHelper.getTreeIndex().createAccessor();
+            treeIndexHelper.init();
+            ITreeIndex treeIndex = (ITreeIndex) treeIndexHelper.getIndex();
+            indexAccessor = treeIndex.createAccessor();
         } catch (Exception e) {
             // cleanup in case of failure
-            treeIndexOpHelper.deinit();
+            treeIndexHelper.deinit();
             throw new HyracksDataException(e);
         }
     }
 
     @Override
     public void nextFrame(ByteBuffer buffer) throws HyracksDataException {
-        final ITreeIndex treeIndex = treeIndexOpHelper.getTreeIndex();
         accessor.reset(buffer);
-
         int tupleCount = accessor.getTupleCount();
         for (int i = 0; i < tupleCount; i++) {
             tuple.reset(accessor, i);
             try {
                 switch (op) {
-
                     case INSERT: {
                         indexAccessor.insert(tuple);
                         break;
                     }
-
                     case UPDATE: {
                         indexAccessor.update(tuple);
                         break;
                     }
-
                     case DELETE: {
                         indexAccessor.delete(tuple);
                         break;
                     }
-
                     default: {
                         throw new HyracksDataException("Unsupported operation " + op
                                 + " in tree index InsertUpdateDelete operator");
                     }
-
                 }
             } catch (HyracksDataException e) {
                 throw e;
@@ -103,8 +98,7 @@
                 throw new HyracksDataException(e);
             }
         }
-
-        // pass a copy of the frame to next op
+        // Pass a copy of the frame to next op.
         System.arraycopy(buffer.array(), 0, writeBuffer.array(), 0, buffer.capacity());
         FrameUtils.flushFrame(writeBuffer, writer);
     }
@@ -114,7 +108,7 @@
         try {
             writer.close();
         } finally {
-            treeIndexOpHelper.deinit();
+            treeIndexHelper.deinit();
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexOpHelper.java b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexOpHelper.java
deleted file mode 100644
index ff2f043..0000000
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexOpHelper.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,135 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2009-2010 by The Regents of the University of California
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * you may obtain a copy of the License from
- * 
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- * 
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow;
-
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.context.IHyracksTaskContext;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.IBinaryComparator;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.exceptions.HyracksDataException;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.io.FileReference;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.file.IFileSplitProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexCursor;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrame;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls.TreeDiskOrderScanCursor;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.ophelpers.MultiComparator;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.util.IndexUtils;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.IBufferCache;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.file.IFileMapProvider;
-
-public abstract class TreeIndexOpHelper {
-
-    protected ITreeIndexFrame interiorFrame;
-    protected ITreeIndexFrame leafFrame;
-    protected MultiComparator cmp;
-
-    protected ITreeIndex treeIndex;
-    protected int indexFileId = -1;
-    protected int partition;
-
-    protected ITreeIndexOperatorDescriptorHelper opDesc;
-    protected IHyracksTaskContext ctx;
-
-    protected IndexHelperOpenMode mode;
-
-    public TreeIndexOpHelper(ITreeIndexOperatorDescriptorHelper opDesc, final IHyracksTaskContext ctx,
-            int partition, IndexHelperOpenMode mode) {
-        this.opDesc = opDesc;
-        this.ctx = ctx;
-        this.mode = mode;
-        this.partition = partition;
-    }
-
-    public void init() throws HyracksDataException {
-        IBufferCache bufferCache = opDesc.getStorageManager().getBufferCache(ctx);
-        IFileMapProvider fileMapProvider = opDesc.getStorageManager().getFileMapProvider(ctx);
-        IFileSplitProvider fileSplitProvider = opDesc.getTreeIndexFileSplitProvider();
-
-        FileReference f = fileSplitProvider.getFileSplits()[partition].getLocalFile();
-        int fileId = -1;
-        synchronized (fileMapProvider) {
-            boolean fileIsMapped = fileMapProvider.isMapped(f);
-            if (!fileIsMapped) {
-                bufferCache.createFile(f);
-            }
-            fileId = fileMapProvider.lookupFileId(f);
-            try {
-                bufferCache.openFile(fileId);
-            } catch (HyracksDataException e) {
-                // Revert state of buffer cache since file failed to open.
-                if (!fileIsMapped) {
-                    bufferCache.deleteFile(fileId);
-                }
-                throw e;
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Only set indexFileId member when openFile() succeeds,
-        // otherwise deinit() will try to close the file that failed to open
-        indexFileId = fileId;
-        IndexRegistry<ITreeIndex> treeIndexRegistry = opDesc.getTreeIndexRegistryProvider().getRegistry(ctx);
-        // Create new tree and register it.
-        synchronized (treeIndexRegistry) {
-            // Check if tree has already been registered by another thread.
-            treeIndex = treeIndexRegistry.get(indexFileId);
-            if (treeIndex != null) {
-                return;
-            }
-            cmp = IndexUtils.createMultiComparator(opDesc.getTreeIndexComparatorFactories());
-            treeIndex = createTreeIndex();
-            if (mode == IndexHelperOpenMode.CREATE) {
-                treeIndex.create(indexFileId);
-            }
-            treeIndex.open(indexFileId);
-            treeIndexRegistry.register(indexFileId, treeIndex);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // MUST be overridden
-    public ITreeIndex createTreeIndex() throws HyracksDataException {
-        throw new HyracksDataException("createTreeIndex Operation not implemented.");
-    }
-
-    // MUST be overridden
-    public MultiComparator createMultiComparator(IBinaryComparator[] comparators) throws HyracksDataException {
-        throw new HyracksDataException("createComparator Operation not implemented.");
-    }
-
-    public ITreeIndexCursor createDiskOrderScanCursor(ITreeIndexFrame leafFrame) throws HyracksDataException {
-        return new TreeDiskOrderScanCursor(leafFrame);
-    }
-
-    public void deinit() throws HyracksDataException {
-        if (indexFileId != -1) {
-            IBufferCache bufferCache = opDesc.getStorageManager().getBufferCache(ctx);
-            bufferCache.closeFile(indexFileId);
-        }
-    }
-
-    public ITreeIndex getTreeIndex() {
-        return treeIndex;
-    }
-
-    public IHyracksTaskContext getHyracksTaskContext() {
-        return ctx;
-    }
-
-    public ITreeIndexOperatorDescriptorHelper getOperatorDescriptor() {
-        return opDesc;
-    }
-
-    public int getIndexFileId() {
-        return indexFileId;
-    }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexStatsOperatorDescriptor.java b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexStatsOperatorDescriptor.java
index 4779c2c..96a2a94 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexStatsOperatorDescriptor.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexStatsOperatorDescriptor.java
@@ -1,3 +1,17 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2009-2010 by The Regents of the University of California
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * you may obtain a copy of the License from
+ * 
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
 package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow;
 
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.context.IHyracksTaskContext;
@@ -10,34 +24,27 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.job.JobSpecification;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.common.data.marshalling.UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.file.IFileSplitProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.IStorageManagerInterface;
 
-public class TreeIndexStatsOperatorDescriptor extends
-		AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor {
+public class TreeIndexStatsOperatorDescriptor extends AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor {
 
-	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
-	private static final RecordDescriptor recDesc = new RecordDescriptor(
-			new ISerializerDeserializer[] { UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE });
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+    private static final RecordDescriptor recDesc = new RecordDescriptor(
+            new ISerializerDeserializer[] { UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE });
 
-	public TreeIndexStatsOperatorDescriptor(JobSpecification spec,
-			IStorageManagerInterface storageManager,
-			IIndexRegistryProvider<ITreeIndex> treeIndexRegistryProvider,
-			IFileSplitProvider fileSplitProvider,
-			ITreeIndexFrameFactory interiorFrameFactory,
-			ITreeIndexFrameFactory leafFrameFactory, ITypeTrait[] typeTraits,
-			IBinaryComparatorFactory[] comparatorFactories,
-			ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory opHelperFactory) {
-		super(spec, 0, 1, recDesc, storageManager, treeIndexRegistryProvider,
-				fileSplitProvider, interiorFrameFactory, leafFrameFactory,
-				typeTraits, comparatorFactories, opHelperFactory);
-	}
+    public TreeIndexStatsOperatorDescriptor(JobSpecification spec, IStorageManagerInterface storageManager,
+            IIndexRegistryProvider<IIndex> indexRegistryProvider, IFileSplitProvider fileSplitProvider,
+            ITreeIndexFrameFactory interiorFrameFactory, ITreeIndexFrameFactory leafFrameFactory,
+            ITypeTrait[] typeTraits, IBinaryComparatorFactory[] comparatorFactories,
+            IIndexDataflowHelperFactory dataflowHelperFactory) {
+        super(spec, 0, 1, recDesc, storageManager, indexRegistryProvider, fileSplitProvider, interiorFrameFactory,
+                leafFrameFactory, typeTraits, comparatorFactories, dataflowHelperFactory);
+    }
 
-	@Override
-	public IOperatorNodePushable createPushRuntime(IHyracksTaskContext ctx,
-			IRecordDescriptorProvider recordDescProvider, int partition,
-			int nPartitions) {
-		return new TreeIndexStatsOperatorNodePushable(this, ctx, partition);
-	}
+    @Override
+    public IOperatorNodePushable createPushRuntime(IHyracksTaskContext ctx,
+            IRecordDescriptorProvider recordDescProvider, int partition, int nPartitions) {
+        return new TreeIndexStatsOperatorNodePushable(this, ctx, partition);
+    }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexStatsOperatorNodePushable.java b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexStatsOperatorNodePushable.java
index 156f863..ff007af 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexStatsOperatorNodePushable.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/dataflow/TreeIndexStatsOperatorNodePushable.java
@@ -31,70 +31,59 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.IBufferCache;
 
 public class TreeIndexStatsOperatorNodePushable extends AbstractUnaryOutputSourceOperatorNodePushable {
-	private final TreeIndexOpHelper treeIndexOpHelper;
-	private final IHyracksTaskContext ctx;
-	private TreeIndexStatsGatherer statsGatherer;
+    private final TreeIndexDataflowHelper treeIndexHelper;
+    private final IHyracksTaskContext ctx;
+    private TreeIndexStatsGatherer statsGatherer;
 
-	public TreeIndexStatsOperatorNodePushable(
-			AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor opDesc,
-			IHyracksTaskContext ctx, int partition) {
-		treeIndexOpHelper = opDesc.getTreeIndexOpHelperFactory()
-				.createTreeIndexOpHelper(opDesc, ctx, partition,
-						IndexHelperOpenMode.CREATE);
-		this.ctx = ctx;		
-	}
+    public TreeIndexStatsOperatorNodePushable(AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor opDesc, IHyracksTaskContext ctx,
+            int partition) {
+        treeIndexHelper = (TreeIndexDataflowHelper) opDesc.getIndexDataflowHelperFactory().createIndexDataflowHelper(
+                opDesc, ctx, partition, false);
+        this.ctx = ctx;
+    }
 
-	@Override
-	public void deinitialize() throws HyracksDataException {
-	}
+    @Override
+    public void deinitialize() throws HyracksDataException {
+    }
 
-	@Override
-	public IFrameWriter getInputFrameWriter(int index) {
-		return null;
-	}
+    @Override
+    public IFrameWriter getInputFrameWriter(int index) {
+        return null;
+    }
 
-	@Override
-	public void initialize() throws HyracksDataException {
-		try {
-			writer.open();
-			treeIndexOpHelper.init();
-			treeIndexOpHelper.getTreeIndex().open(
-					treeIndexOpHelper.getIndexFileId());
-			ITreeIndex treeIndex = treeIndexOpHelper.getTreeIndex();
-			IBufferCache bufferCache = treeIndexOpHelper
-					.getOperatorDescriptor().getStorageManager()
-					.getBufferCache(ctx);
-			statsGatherer = new TreeIndexStatsGatherer(bufferCache,
-					treeIndex.getFreePageManager(),
-					treeIndexOpHelper.getIndexFileId(),
-					treeIndex.getRootPageId());
-			TreeIndexStats stats = statsGatherer.gatherStats(treeIndex
-					.getLeafFrameFactory().createFrame(), treeIndex
-					.getInteriorFrameFactory().createFrame(), treeIndex
-					.getFreePageManager().getMetaDataFrameFactory()
-					.createFrame());
-			
-			// Write the stats output as a single string field.
-			ByteBuffer frame = ctx.allocateFrame();
+    @Override
+    public void initialize() throws HyracksDataException {
+        try {
+            writer.open();
+            treeIndexHelper.init();
+            ITreeIndex treeIndex = (ITreeIndex) treeIndexHelper.getIndex();
+            IBufferCache bufferCache = treeIndexHelper.getOperatorDescriptor().getStorageManager().getBufferCache(ctx);
+            statsGatherer = new TreeIndexStatsGatherer(bufferCache, treeIndex.getFreePageManager(),
+                    treeIndexHelper.getIndexFileId(), treeIndex.getRootPageId());
+            TreeIndexStats stats = statsGatherer.gatherStats(treeIndex.getLeafFrameFactory().createFrame(), treeIndex
+                    .getInteriorFrameFactory().createFrame(), treeIndex.getFreePageManager().getMetaDataFrameFactory()
+                    .createFrame());
+            // Write the stats output as a single string field.
+            ByteBuffer frame = ctx.allocateFrame();
             FrameTupleAppender appender = new FrameTupleAppender(ctx.getFrameSize());
             appender.reset(frame, true);
             ArrayTupleBuilder tb = new ArrayTupleBuilder(1);
             DataOutput dos = tb.getDataOutput();
             tb.reset();
             UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer.INSTANCE.serialize(stats.toString(), dos);
-			tb.addFieldEndOffset();
-			if (!appender.append(tb.getFieldEndOffsets(), tb.getByteArray(), 0, tb.getSize())) {
-				throw new IllegalStateException();
-			}
-			FrameUtils.flushFrame(frame, writer);
-		} catch (Exception e) {
-			try {
-				treeIndexOpHelper.deinit();			
-			} finally {
-				writer.fail();				
-			}
-		} finally {
-			writer.close();
-		}
-	}
+            tb.addFieldEndOffset();
+            if (!appender.append(tb.getFieldEndOffsets(), tb.getByteArray(), 0, tb.getSize())) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException();
+            }
+            FrameUtils.flushFrame(frame, writer);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            try {
+                treeIndexHelper.deinit();
+            } finally {
+                writer.fail();
+            }
+        } finally {
+            writer.close();
+        }
+    }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/api/IInvertedIndexOperatorDescriptorHelper.java b/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/api/IInvertedIndexOperatorDescriptor.java
similarity index 75%
rename from hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/api/IInvertedIndexOperatorDescriptorHelper.java
rename to hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/api/IInvertedIndexOperatorDescriptor.java
index 5085e31..499b60b 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/api/IInvertedIndexOperatorDescriptorHelper.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/api/IInvertedIndexOperatorDescriptor.java
@@ -18,16 +18,12 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.IBinaryComparatorFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.ITypeTrait;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.file.IFileSplitProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.ITreeIndexOperatorDescriptorHelper;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexRegistryProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.impls.InvertedIndex;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.ITreeIndexOperatorDescriptor;
 
-public interface IInvertedIndexOperatorDescriptorHelper extends ITreeIndexOperatorDescriptorHelper {
-    public IFileSplitProvider getInvListsFileSplitProvider();
-
+public interface IInvertedIndexOperatorDescriptor extends ITreeIndexOperatorDescriptor {
     public IBinaryComparatorFactory[] getInvListsComparatorFactories();
 
     public ITypeTrait[] getInvListsTypeTraits();
-
-    public IIndexRegistryProvider<InvertedIndex> getInvIndexRegistryProvider();
+    
+    public IFileSplitProvider getInvListsFileSplitProvider();
 }
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/dataflow/AbstractInvertedIndexOperatorDescriptor.java b/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/dataflow/AbstractInvertedIndexOperatorDescriptor.java
index 1ecbafd..a8860e2 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/dataflow/AbstractInvertedIndexOperatorDescriptor.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/dataflow/AbstractInvertedIndexOperatorDescriptor.java
@@ -21,64 +21,66 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.job.JobSpecification;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.base.AbstractSingleActivityOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.file.IFileSplitProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.frames.BTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.frames.BTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrameFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexTupleWriterFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndex;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexDataflowHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexRegistryProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.api.IInvertedIndexOperatorDescriptorHelper;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.impls.InvertedIndex;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.tuples.TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.api.IInvertedIndexOperatorDescriptor;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.util.InvertedIndexUtils;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.IStorageManagerInterface;
 
 public abstract class AbstractInvertedIndexOperatorDescriptor extends AbstractSingleActivityOperatorDescriptor
-        implements IInvertedIndexOperatorDescriptorHelper {
+        implements IInvertedIndexOperatorDescriptor {
 
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
     // General.
     protected final IStorageManagerInterface storageManager;
+    protected final IIndexRegistryProvider<IIndex> indexRegistryProvider;
 
     // Btree.
-    protected final IFileSplitProvider btreeFileSplitProvider;
-    protected final IIndexRegistryProvider<ITreeIndex> treeIndexRegistryProvider;
     protected final ITreeIndexFrameFactory btreeInteriorFrameFactory;
     protected final ITreeIndexFrameFactory btreeLeafFrameFactory;
     protected final ITypeTrait[] btreeTypeTraits;
     protected final IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeComparatorFactories;
-    protected final ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory btreeOpHelperFactory;
+    protected final IIndexDataflowHelperFactory btreeDataflowHelperFactory;
+    protected final IFileSplitProvider btreeFileSplitProvider;
 
     // Inverted index.
-    protected final IFileSplitProvider invListsFileSplitProvider;
-    protected final IIndexRegistryProvider<InvertedIndex> invIndexRegistryProvider;
     protected final ITypeTrait[] invListsTypeTraits;
     protected final IBinaryComparatorFactory[] invListComparatorFactories;
+    protected final IFileSplitProvider invListsFileSplitProvider;
 
     public AbstractInvertedIndexOperatorDescriptor(JobSpecification spec, int inputArity, int outputArity,
             RecordDescriptor recDesc, IStorageManagerInterface storageManager,
-            IFileSplitProvider btreeFileSplitProvider, IIndexRegistryProvider<ITreeIndex> treeIndexRegistryProvider,
-            ITreeIndexFrameFactory btreeInteriorFrameFactory, ITreeIndexFrameFactory btreeLeafFrameFactory,
-            ITypeTrait[] btreeTypeTraits, IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeComparatorFactories,
-            ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory btreeOpHelperFactory, IFileSplitProvider invListsFileSplitProvider,
-            IIndexRegistryProvider<InvertedIndex> invIndexRegistryProvider, ITypeTrait[] invListsTypeTraits,
-            IBinaryComparatorFactory[] invListComparatorFactories) {
+            IFileSplitProvider btreeFileSplitProvider, IFileSplitProvider invListsFileSplitProvider,
+            IIndexRegistryProvider<IIndex> indexRegistryProvider, ITypeTrait[] tokenTypeTraits,
+            IBinaryComparatorFactory[] tokenComparatorFactories, ITypeTrait[] invListsTypeTraits,
+            IBinaryComparatorFactory[] invListComparatorFactories,
+            IIndexDataflowHelperFactory btreeDataflowHelperFactory) {
         super(spec, inputArity, outputArity);
 
         // General.
         this.storageManager = storageManager;
+        this.indexRegistryProvider = indexRegistryProvider;
 
         // Btree.
+        this.btreeTypeTraits = InvertedIndexUtils.getBTreeTypeTraits(tokenTypeTraits);
+        ITreeIndexTupleWriterFactory tupleWriterFactory = new TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory(btreeTypeTraits);
+        this.btreeInteriorFrameFactory = new BTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory(tupleWriterFactory);
+        this.btreeLeafFrameFactory = new BTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory(tupleWriterFactory);
+        this.btreeComparatorFactories = tokenComparatorFactories;
+        this.btreeDataflowHelperFactory = btreeDataflowHelperFactory;
         this.btreeFileSplitProvider = btreeFileSplitProvider;
-        this.treeIndexRegistryProvider = treeIndexRegistryProvider;
-        this.btreeInteriorFrameFactory = btreeInteriorFrameFactory;
-        this.btreeLeafFrameFactory = btreeLeafFrameFactory;
-        this.btreeTypeTraits = btreeTypeTraits;
-        this.btreeComparatorFactories = btreeComparatorFactories;
-        this.btreeOpHelperFactory = btreeOpHelperFactory;
 
         // Inverted index.
-        this.invListsFileSplitProvider = invListsFileSplitProvider;
-        this.invIndexRegistryProvider = invIndexRegistryProvider;
         this.invListsTypeTraits = invListsTypeTraits;
         this.invListComparatorFactories = invListComparatorFactories;
+        this.invListsFileSplitProvider = invListsFileSplitProvider;
 
         if (outputArity > 0) {
             recordDescriptors[0] = recDesc;
@@ -86,24 +88,24 @@
     }
 
     @Override
-    public IFileSplitProvider getTreeIndexFileSplitProvider() {
+    public IFileSplitProvider getFileSplitProvider() {
         return btreeFileSplitProvider;
     }
+    
+    @Override
+    public IFileSplitProvider getInvListsFileSplitProvider() {
+        return invListsFileSplitProvider;
+    }
 
     @Override
     public IBinaryComparatorFactory[] getTreeIndexComparatorFactories() {
         return btreeComparatorFactories;
     }
-    
+
     @Override
     public ITypeTrait[] getTreeIndexTypeTraits() {
         return btreeTypeTraits;
     }
-    
-    @Override
-    public int getTreeIndexFieldCount() {
-        return btreeTypeTraits.length;
-    }
 
     @Override
     public ITreeIndexFrameFactory getTreeIndexInteriorFactory() {
@@ -121,37 +123,27 @@
     }
 
     @Override
-    public IIndexRegistryProvider<ITreeIndex> getTreeIndexRegistryProvider() {
-        return treeIndexRegistryProvider;
-    }
-
-    @Override
     public RecordDescriptor getRecordDescriptor() {
         return recordDescriptors[0];
     }
 
     @Override
-    public IIndexRegistryProvider<InvertedIndex> getInvIndexRegistryProvider() {
-        return invIndexRegistryProvider;
-    }
-
-    @Override
     public IBinaryComparatorFactory[] getInvListsComparatorFactories() {
         return invListComparatorFactories;
     }
 
     @Override
-    public IFileSplitProvider getInvListsFileSplitProvider() {
-        return invListsFileSplitProvider;
-    }
-
-    @Override
     public ITypeTrait[] getInvListsTypeTraits() {
         return invListsTypeTraits;
     }
 
     @Override
-    public ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory getTreeIndexOpHelperFactory() {
-        return btreeOpHelperFactory;
+    public IIndexRegistryProvider<IIndex> getIndexRegistryProvider() {
+        return indexRegistryProvider;
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public IIndexDataflowHelperFactory getIndexDataflowHelperFactory() {
+        return btreeDataflowHelperFactory;
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/dataflow/InvertedIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor.java b/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/dataflow/InvertedIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor.java
index 96e0159..05f8b7d 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/dataflow/InvertedIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/dataflow/InvertedIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor.java
@@ -22,11 +22,9 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.ITypeTrait;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.job.JobSpecification;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.file.IFileSplitProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrameFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndex;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexDataflowHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexRegistryProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.impls.InvertedIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.IStorageManagerInterface;
 
 public class InvertedIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor extends AbstractInvertedIndexOperatorDescriptor {
@@ -34,28 +32,22 @@
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
     private final int[] fieldPermutation;
-    private final float btreeFillFactor;
 
-    public InvertedIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor(JobSpecification spec, IStorageManagerInterface storageManager,
-            int[] fieldPermutation, IFileSplitProvider btreeFileSplitProvider,
-            IIndexRegistryProvider<ITreeIndex> treeIndexRegistryProvider, ITreeIndexFrameFactory btreeInteriorFrameFactory,
-            ITreeIndexFrameFactory btreeLeafFrameFactory, ITypeTrait[] btreeTypeTraits,
-            IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeComparatorFactories, float btreeFillFactor,
-            ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory btreeOpHelperFactory, IFileSplitProvider invListsFileSplitProvider,
-            IIndexRegistryProvider<InvertedIndex> invIndexRegistryProvider, ITypeTrait[] invListsTypeTraits,
-            IBinaryComparatorFactory[] invListComparatorFactories) {
-        super(spec, 1, 0, null, storageManager, btreeFileSplitProvider, treeIndexRegistryProvider,
-                btreeInteriorFrameFactory, btreeLeafFrameFactory, btreeTypeTraits, btreeComparatorFactories, 
-                btreeOpHelperFactory, invListsFileSplitProvider, invIndexRegistryProvider, invListsTypeTraits,
-                invListComparatorFactories);
+    public InvertedIndexBulkLoadOperatorDescriptor(JobSpecification spec, int[] fieldPermutation,
+            IStorageManagerInterface storageManager, IFileSplitProvider btreeFileSplitProvider,
+            IFileSplitProvider invListsFileSplitProvider, IIndexRegistryProvider<IIndex> indexRegistryProvider,
+            ITypeTrait[] tokenTypeTraits, IBinaryComparatorFactory[] tokenComparatorFactories,
+            ITypeTrait[] invListsTypeTraits, IBinaryComparatorFactory[] invListComparatorFactories,
+            IIndexDataflowHelperFactory btreeDataflowHelperFactory) {
+        super(spec, 1, 0, null, storageManager, btreeFileSplitProvider, invListsFileSplitProvider,
+                indexRegistryProvider, tokenTypeTraits, tokenComparatorFactories, invListsTypeTraits,
+                invListComparatorFactories, btreeDataflowHelperFactory);
         this.fieldPermutation = fieldPermutation;
-        this.btreeFillFactor = btreeFillFactor;
     }
 
     @Override
     public IOperatorNodePushable createPushRuntime(IHyracksTaskContext ctx,
             IRecordDescriptorProvider recordDescProvider, int partition, int nPartitions) {
-        return new InvertedIndexBulkLoadOperatorNodePushable(this, ctx, partition, fieldPermutation, btreeFillFactor,
-                recordDescProvider);
+        return new InvertedIndexBulkLoadOperatorNodePushable(this, ctx, partition, fieldPermutation, recordDescProvider);
     }
 }
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/dataflow/InvertedIndexBulkLoadOperatorNodePushable.java b/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/dataflow/InvertedIndexBulkLoadOperatorNodePushable.java
index b0f62c6..9dcabb4 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/dataflow/InvertedIndexBulkLoadOperatorNodePushable.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/dataflow/InvertedIndexBulkLoadOperatorNodePushable.java
@@ -22,20 +22,19 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.exceptions.HyracksDataException;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.common.comm.io.FrameTupleAccessor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.base.AbstractUnaryInputSinkOperatorNodePushable;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.impls.BTree;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.PageAllocationException;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IndexHelperOpenMode;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.PermutingFrameTupleReference;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.TreeIndexOpHelper;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.TreeIndexDataflowHelper;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.api.IInvertedListBuilder;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.impls.FixedSizeElementInvertedListBuilder;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.impls.InvertedIndex;
 
 public class InvertedIndexBulkLoadOperatorNodePushable extends AbstractUnaryInputSinkOperatorNodePushable {
-    private final TreeIndexOpHelper btreeOpHelper;
-    private float btreeFillFactor;
-
-    private final InvertedIndexOpHelper invIndexOpHelper;
-    protected final IInvertedListBuilder invListBuilder;
+    private final TreeIndexDataflowHelper btreeDataflowHelper;
+    private final InvertedIndexDataflowHelper invIndexDataflowHelper;
+    private final IInvertedListBuilder invListBuilder;
+    private InvertedIndex invIndex;
     private InvertedIndex.BulkLoadContext bulkLoadCtx;
 
     private final IHyracksTaskContext ctx;
@@ -46,12 +45,10 @@
     private IRecordDescriptorProvider recordDescProvider;
 
     public InvertedIndexBulkLoadOperatorNodePushable(AbstractInvertedIndexOperatorDescriptor opDesc,
-            IHyracksTaskContext ctx, int partition, int[] fieldPermutation, float btreeFillFactor,
-            IRecordDescriptorProvider recordDescProvider) {
-        btreeOpHelper = opDesc.getTreeIndexOpHelperFactory().createTreeIndexOpHelper(opDesc, ctx, partition,
-                IndexHelperOpenMode.CREATE);
-        invIndexOpHelper = new InvertedIndexOpHelper(btreeOpHelper, opDesc, ctx, partition);
-        this.btreeFillFactor = btreeFillFactor;
+            IHyracksTaskContext ctx, int partition, int[] fieldPermutation, IRecordDescriptorProvider recordDescProvider) {
+        btreeDataflowHelper = (TreeIndexDataflowHelper) opDesc.getIndexDataflowHelperFactory()
+                .createIndexDataflowHelper(opDesc, ctx, partition, true);
+        invIndexDataflowHelper = new InvertedIndexDataflowHelper(btreeDataflowHelper, opDesc, ctx, partition, true);
         this.recordDescProvider = recordDescProvider;
         this.ctx = ctx;
         this.invListBuilder = new FixedSizeElementInvertedListBuilder(opDesc.getInvListsTypeTraits());
@@ -60,18 +57,17 @@
 
     @Override
     public void open() throws HyracksDataException {
-        AbstractInvertedIndexOperatorDescriptor opDesc = (AbstractInvertedIndexOperatorDescriptor) btreeOpHelper
+        AbstractInvertedIndexOperatorDescriptor opDesc = (AbstractInvertedIndexOperatorDescriptor) btreeDataflowHelper
                 .getOperatorDescriptor();
         RecordDescriptor recDesc = recordDescProvider.getInputRecordDescriptor(opDesc.getOperatorId(), 0);
-        accessor = new FrameTupleAccessor(btreeOpHelper.getHyracksTaskContext().getFrameSize(), recDesc);
+        accessor = new FrameTupleAccessor(btreeDataflowHelper.getHyracksTaskContext().getFrameSize(), recDesc);
 
         // BTree.
         try {
-            btreeOpHelper.init();
-            btreeOpHelper.getTreeIndex().open(btreeOpHelper.getIndexFileId());
+            btreeDataflowHelper.init();
         } catch (Exception e) {
-            // Cleanup in case of failure/
-            btreeOpHelper.deinit();
+            // Cleanup in case of failure.
+            btreeDataflowHelper.deinit();
             if (e instanceof HyracksDataException) {
                 throw (HyracksDataException) e;
             } else {
@@ -81,13 +77,12 @@
 
         // Inverted Index.
         try {
-            invIndexOpHelper.init();
-            invIndexOpHelper.getInvIndex().open(invIndexOpHelper.getInvIndexFileId());
-            bulkLoadCtx = invIndexOpHelper.getInvIndex().beginBulkLoad(invListBuilder, ctx.getFrameSize(),
-                    btreeFillFactor);
+            invIndexDataflowHelper.init();
+            invIndex = (InvertedIndex) invIndexDataflowHelper.getIndex();
+            bulkLoadCtx = invIndex.beginBulkLoad(invListBuilder, ctx.getFrameSize(), BTree.DEFAULT_FILL_FACTOR);
         } catch (Exception e) {
             // Cleanup in case of failure.
-            invIndexOpHelper.deinit();
+            invIndexDataflowHelper.deinit();
             if (e instanceof HyracksDataException) {
                 throw (HyracksDataException) e;
             } else {
@@ -103,7 +98,7 @@
         for (int i = 0; i < tupleCount; i++) {
             tuple.reset(accessor, i);
             try {
-                invIndexOpHelper.getInvIndex().bulkLoadAddTuple(bulkLoadCtx, tuple);
+                invIndex.bulkLoadAddTuple(bulkLoadCtx, tuple);
             } catch (PageAllocationException e) {
                 throw new HyracksDataException(e);
             }
@@ -113,14 +108,14 @@
     @Override
     public void close() throws HyracksDataException {
         try {
-            invIndexOpHelper.getInvIndex().endBulkLoad(bulkLoadCtx);
+            invIndex.endBulkLoad(bulkLoadCtx);
         } catch (PageAllocationException e) {
             throw new HyracksDataException(e);
         } finally {
             try {
-                btreeOpHelper.deinit();
+                btreeDataflowHelper.deinit();
             } finally {
-                invIndexOpHelper.deinit();
+                invIndexDataflowHelper.deinit();
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/dataflow/InvertedIndexDataflowHelper.java b/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/dataflow/InvertedIndexDataflowHelper.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71717e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/dataflow/InvertedIndexDataflowHelper.java
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2009-2010 by The Regents of the University of California
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * you may obtain a copy of the License from
+ * 
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.dataflow;
+
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.context.IHyracksTaskContext;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.exceptions.HyracksDataException;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.io.FileReference;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.file.IFileSplitProvider;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.impls.BTree;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndex;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexOperatorDescriptor;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IndexDataflowHelper;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.TreeIndexDataflowHelper;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.ophelpers.MultiComparator;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.util.IndexUtils;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.api.IInvertedIndexOperatorDescriptor;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.impls.InvertedIndex;
+
+public final class InvertedIndexDataflowHelper extends IndexDataflowHelper {
+    private final TreeIndexDataflowHelper btreeDataflowHelper;
+
+    public InvertedIndexDataflowHelper(TreeIndexDataflowHelper btreeDataflowHelper, IIndexOperatorDescriptor opDesc,
+            IHyracksTaskContext ctx, int partition, boolean createIfNotExists) {
+        super(opDesc, ctx, partition, createIfNotExists);
+        this.btreeDataflowHelper = btreeDataflowHelper;
+    }
+
+    public FileReference getFilereference() {
+        AbstractInvertedIndexOperatorDescriptor invIndexOpDesc = (AbstractInvertedIndexOperatorDescriptor) opDesc;
+        IFileSplitProvider fileSplitProvider = invIndexOpDesc.getInvListsFileSplitProvider();
+        return fileSplitProvider.getFileSplits()[partition].getLocalFile();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public IIndex createIndexInstance() throws HyracksDataException {
+        IInvertedIndexOperatorDescriptor invIndexOpDesc = (IInvertedIndexOperatorDescriptor) opDesc;
+        MultiComparator cmp = IndexUtils.createMultiComparator(invIndexOpDesc.getInvListsComparatorFactories());
+        // Assumes btreeDataflowHelper.init() has already been called.
+        BTree btree = (BTree) btreeDataflowHelper.getIndex();
+        return new InvertedIndex(opDesc.getStorageManager().getBufferCache(ctx), btree,
+                invIndexOpDesc.getInvListsTypeTraits(), cmp);
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/dataflow/InvertedIndexOpHelper.java b/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/dataflow/InvertedIndexOpHelper.java
deleted file mode 100644
index baa3052..0000000
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/dataflow/InvertedIndexOpHelper.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2009-2010 by The Regents of the University of California
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * you may obtain a copy of the License from
- * 
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- * 
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.dataflow;
-
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.context.IHyracksTaskContext;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.exceptions.HyracksDataException;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.io.FileReference;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.file.IFileSplitProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.impls.BTree;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.ITreeIndexOperatorDescriptorHelper;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IndexRegistry;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.TreeIndexOpHelper;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.ophelpers.MultiComparator;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.util.IndexUtils;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.api.IInvertedIndexOperatorDescriptorHelper;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.impls.InvertedIndex;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.IBufferCache;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.file.IFileMapProvider;
-
-public final class InvertedIndexOpHelper {
-
-    private final TreeIndexOpHelper btreeOpHelper;
-
-    private InvertedIndex invIndex;
-    private int invIndexFileId = -1;
-    private int partition;
-
-    private IInvertedIndexOperatorDescriptorHelper opDesc;
-    private IHyracksTaskContext ctx;
-
-    public InvertedIndexOpHelper(TreeIndexOpHelper btreeOpHelper, IInvertedIndexOperatorDescriptorHelper opDesc,
-            final IHyracksTaskContext ctx, int partition) {
-        this.btreeOpHelper = btreeOpHelper;
-        this.opDesc = opDesc;
-        this.ctx = ctx;
-        this.partition = partition;
-    }
-
-    // TODO: This is very similar to TreeIndexOpHelper. Maybe we can somehow
-    // merge them?
-    public void init() throws HyracksDataException {
-        IBufferCache bufferCache = opDesc.getStorageManager().getBufferCache(ctx);
-        IFileMapProvider fileMapProvider = opDesc.getStorageManager().getFileMapProvider(ctx);
-        IFileSplitProvider fileSplitProvider = opDesc.getInvListsFileSplitProvider();
-
-        FileReference f = fileSplitProvider.getFileSplits()[partition].getLocalFile();
-        int fileId = -1;
-        synchronized (fileMapProvider) {
-            boolean fileIsMapped = fileMapProvider.isMapped(f);
-            if (!fileIsMapped) {
-                bufferCache.createFile(f);
-            }
-            fileId = fileMapProvider.lookupFileId(f);
-            try {
-                bufferCache.openFile(fileId);
-            } catch (HyracksDataException e) {
-                // Revert state of buffer cache since file failed to open.
-                if (!fileIsMapped) {
-                    bufferCache.deleteFile(fileId);
-                }
-                throw e;
-            }
-        }
-
-        // only set btreeFileId member when openFile() succeeds,
-        // otherwise deinit() will try to close the file that failed to open
-        invIndexFileId = fileId;
-        IndexRegistry<InvertedIndex> invIndexRegistry = opDesc.getInvIndexRegistryProvider().getRegistry(ctx);
-        // create new inverted index and register it
-        synchronized (invIndexRegistry) {
-            // check if inverted index has already been registered by
-            // another thread
-            invIndex = invIndexRegistry.get(invIndexFileId);
-            if (invIndex != null) {
-                return;
-            }
-            // Create and register the inverted index.
-            MultiComparator cmp = IndexUtils.createMultiComparator(opDesc.getInvListsComparatorFactories());
-            // Assumes btreeOpHelper.init() has already been called.
-            BTree btree = (BTree) btreeOpHelper.getTreeIndex();
-            invIndex = new InvertedIndex(bufferCache, btree, opDesc.getInvListsTypeTraits(), cmp);
-            invIndex.open(invIndexFileId);
-            invIndexRegistry.register(invIndexFileId, invIndex);
-        }
-    }
-
-    public void deinit() throws HyracksDataException {
-        if (invIndexFileId != -1) {
-            IBufferCache bufferCache = opDesc.getStorageManager().getBufferCache(ctx);
-            bufferCache.closeFile(invIndexFileId);
-        }
-    }
-
-    public InvertedIndex getInvIndex() {
-        return invIndex;
-    }
-
-    public ITreeIndexOperatorDescriptorHelper getOperatorDescriptor() {
-        return opDesc;
-    }
-
-    public int getInvIndexFileId() {
-        return invIndexFileId;
-    }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/dataflow/InvertedIndexSearchOperatorDescriptor.java b/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/dataflow/InvertedIndexSearchOperatorDescriptor.java
index fe0c255..f1704cc 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/dataflow/InvertedIndexSearchOperatorDescriptor.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/dataflow/InvertedIndexSearchOperatorDescriptor.java
@@ -1,3 +1,18 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2009-2010 by The Regents of the University of California
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * you may obtain a copy of the License from
+ * 
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
 package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.dataflow;
 
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.context.IHyracksTaskContext;
@@ -9,13 +24,11 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.exceptions.HyracksDataException;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.job.JobSpecification;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.file.IFileSplitProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrameFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndex;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexDataflowHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexRegistryProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.api.IInvertedIndexSearchModifier;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.api.IInvertedIndexSearchModifierFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.impls.InvertedIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.tokenizers.IBinaryTokenizer;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.tokenizers.IBinaryTokenizerFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.IStorageManagerInterface;
@@ -27,32 +40,27 @@
     private final IBinaryTokenizerFactory queryTokenizerFactory;
     private final IInvertedIndexSearchModifierFactory searchModifierFactory;
 
-    public InvertedIndexSearchOperatorDescriptor(JobSpecification spec, int queryField,
-            IStorageManagerInterface storageManager, IFileSplitProvider btreeFileSplitProvider,
-            IIndexRegistryProvider<ITreeIndex> treeIndexRegistryProvider,
-            ITreeIndexFrameFactory btreeInteriorFrameFactory, ITreeIndexFrameFactory btreeLeafFrameFactory,
-            ITypeTrait[] btreeTypeTraits, IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeComparatorFactories,
-            ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory btreeOpHelperFactory, IFileSplitProvider invListsFileSplitProvider,
-            IIndexRegistryProvider<InvertedIndex> invIndexRegistryProvider, ITypeTrait[] invListsTypeTraits,
-            IBinaryComparatorFactory[] invListsComparatorFactories,
-            IInvertedIndexSearchModifierFactory searchModifierFactory, IBinaryTokenizerFactory queryTokenizerFactory,
-            RecordDescriptor recDesc) {
-        super(spec, 1, 1, recDesc, storageManager, btreeFileSplitProvider, treeIndexRegistryProvider,
-                btreeInteriorFrameFactory, btreeLeafFrameFactory, btreeTypeTraits, btreeComparatorFactories,
-                btreeOpHelperFactory, invListsFileSplitProvider, invIndexRegistryProvider, invListsTypeTraits,
-                invListsComparatorFactories);
+    public InvertedIndexSearchOperatorDescriptor(JobSpecification spec,
+            int queryField, IStorageManagerInterface storageManager, IFileSplitProvider btreeFileSplitProvider,
+            IFileSplitProvider invListsFileSplitProvider, IIndexRegistryProvider<IIndex> indexRegistryProvider,
+            ITypeTrait[] tokenTypeTraits, IBinaryComparatorFactory[] tokenComparatorFactories,
+            ITypeTrait[] invListsTypeTraits, IBinaryComparatorFactory[] invListComparatorFactories,
+            IIndexDataflowHelperFactory btreeDataflowHelperFactory, IBinaryTokenizerFactory queryTokenizerFactory,
+            IInvertedIndexSearchModifierFactory searchModifierFactory, RecordDescriptor recDesc) {
+        super(spec, 1, 1, recDesc, storageManager, btreeFileSplitProvider, invListsFileSplitProvider,
+                indexRegistryProvider, tokenTypeTraits, tokenComparatorFactories, invListsTypeTraits,
+                invListComparatorFactories, btreeDataflowHelperFactory);
         this.queryField = queryField;
-        this.searchModifierFactory = searchModifierFactory;
         this.queryTokenizerFactory = queryTokenizerFactory;
+        this.searchModifierFactory = searchModifierFactory;
     }
 
-	@Override
-	public IOperatorNodePushable createPushRuntime(IHyracksTaskContext ctx,
-			IRecordDescriptorProvider recordDescProvider, int partition,
-			int nPartitions) throws HyracksDataException {
-		IBinaryTokenizer tokenizer = queryTokenizerFactory.createTokenizer();
+    @Override
+    public IOperatorNodePushable createPushRuntime(IHyracksTaskContext ctx,
+            IRecordDescriptorProvider recordDescProvider, int partition, int nPartitions) throws HyracksDataException {
+        IBinaryTokenizer tokenizer = queryTokenizerFactory.createTokenizer();
         IInvertedIndexSearchModifier searchModifier = searchModifierFactory.createSearchModifier();
         return new InvertedIndexSearchOperatorNodePushable(this, ctx, partition, queryField, searchModifier, tokenizer,
                 recordDescProvider);
-	}
+    }
 }
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/dataflow/InvertedIndexSearchOperatorNodePushable.java b/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/dataflow/InvertedIndexSearchOperatorNodePushable.java
index 308ea3b..ceaff1e 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/dataflow/InvertedIndexSearchOperatorNodePushable.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/dataflow/InvertedIndexSearchOperatorNodePushable.java
@@ -1,3 +1,18 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2009-2010 by The Regents of the University of California
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * you may obtain a copy of the License from
+ * 
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
 package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.dataflow;
 
 import java.io.DataOutput;
@@ -14,23 +29,24 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.common.data.accessors.FrameTupleReference;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.common.data.accessors.ITupleReference;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.base.AbstractUnaryInputUnaryOutputOperatorNodePushable;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IndexHelperOpenMode;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.TreeIndexOpHelper;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.TreeIndexDataflowHelper;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.api.IInvertedIndexResultCursor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.api.IInvertedIndexSearchModifier;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.impls.InvertedIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.impls.OccurrenceThresholdPanicException;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.impls.SearchResultCursor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.impls.TOccurrenceSearcher;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.tokenizers.IBinaryTokenizer;
 
 public class InvertedIndexSearchOperatorNodePushable extends AbstractUnaryInputUnaryOutputOperatorNodePushable {
-    private final TreeIndexOpHelper btreeOpHelper;
-    private final InvertedIndexOpHelper invIndexOpHelper;
+    private final TreeIndexDataflowHelper btreeDataflowHelper;
+    private final InvertedIndexDataflowHelper invIndexDataflowHelper;
     private final IHyracksTaskContext ctx;
     private final int queryField;
     private FrameTupleAccessor accessor;
     private FrameTupleReference tuple;
     private IRecordDescriptorProvider recordDescProvider;
+    private InvertedIndex invIndex;
 
     private final IInvertedIndexSearchModifier searchModifier;
     private final IBinaryTokenizer queryTokenizer;
@@ -48,9 +64,9 @@
             IHyracksTaskContext ctx, int partition, int queryField, IInvertedIndexSearchModifier searchModifier,
             IBinaryTokenizer queryTokenizer, IRecordDescriptorProvider recordDescProvider) {
         this.opDesc = opDesc;
-        btreeOpHelper = opDesc.getTreeIndexOpHelperFactory().createTreeIndexOpHelper(opDesc, ctx, partition,
-                IndexHelperOpenMode.CREATE);
-        invIndexOpHelper = new InvertedIndexOpHelper(btreeOpHelper, opDesc, ctx, partition);
+        btreeDataflowHelper = (TreeIndexDataflowHelper) opDesc.getIndexDataflowHelperFactory()
+                .createIndexDataflowHelper(opDesc, ctx, partition, false);
+        invIndexDataflowHelper = new InvertedIndexDataflowHelper(btreeDataflowHelper, opDesc, ctx, partition, false);
         this.ctx = ctx;
         this.queryField = queryField;
         this.searchModifier = searchModifier;
@@ -61,15 +77,14 @@
     @Override
     public void open() throws HyracksDataException {
         RecordDescriptor recDesc = recordDescProvider.getInputRecordDescriptor(opDesc.getOperatorId(), 0);
-        accessor = new FrameTupleAccessor(btreeOpHelper.getHyracksTaskContext().getFrameSize(), recDesc);
+        accessor = new FrameTupleAccessor(btreeDataflowHelper.getHyracksTaskContext().getFrameSize(), recDesc);
         tuple = new FrameTupleReference();
         // BTree.
         try {
-            btreeOpHelper.init();
-            btreeOpHelper.getTreeIndex().open(btreeOpHelper.getIndexFileId());
+            btreeDataflowHelper.init();
         } catch (Exception e) {
             // Cleanup in case of failure/
-            btreeOpHelper.deinit();
+            btreeDataflowHelper.deinit();
             if (e instanceof HyracksDataException) {
                 throw (HyracksDataException) e;
             } else {
@@ -78,11 +93,11 @@
         }
         // Inverted Index.
         try {
-            invIndexOpHelper.init();
-            invIndexOpHelper.getInvIndex().open(invIndexOpHelper.getInvIndexFileId());
+            invIndexDataflowHelper.init();
+            invIndex = (InvertedIndex) invIndexDataflowHelper.getIndex();
         } catch (Exception e) {
             // Cleanup in case of failure.
-            invIndexOpHelper.deinit();
+            invIndexDataflowHelper.deinit();
             if (e instanceof HyracksDataException) {
                 throw (HyracksDataException) e;
             } else {
@@ -90,13 +105,13 @@
             }
         }
 
-        writeBuffer = btreeOpHelper.getHyracksTaskContext().allocateFrame();
+        writeBuffer = btreeDataflowHelper.getHyracksTaskContext().allocateFrame();
         tb = new ArrayTupleBuilder(opDesc.getInvListsTypeTraits().length);
         dos = tb.getDataOutput();
-        appender = new FrameTupleAppender(btreeOpHelper.getHyracksTaskContext().getFrameSize());
+        appender = new FrameTupleAppender(btreeDataflowHelper.getHyracksTaskContext().getFrameSize());
         appender.reset(writeBuffer, true);
 
-        searcher = new TOccurrenceSearcher(ctx, invIndexOpHelper.getInvIndex(), queryTokenizer);
+        searcher = new TOccurrenceSearcher(ctx, invIndex, queryTokenizer);
         resultCursor = new SearchResultCursor(searcher.createResultFrameTupleAccessor(),
                 searcher.createResultTupleReference());
 
@@ -159,9 +174,9 @@
             writer.close();
         } finally {
             try {
-                btreeOpHelper.deinit();
+                btreeDataflowHelper.deinit();
             } finally {
-                invIndexOpHelper.deinit();
+                invIndexDataflowHelper.deinit();
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/impls/InvertedIndex.java b/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/impls/InvertedIndex.java
index f6ccbb3..1118d04 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/impls/InvertedIndex.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/impls/InvertedIndex.java
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexCursor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.PageAllocationException;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.TreeIndexException;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.ophelpers.MultiComparator;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.api.IInvertedListBuilder;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.api.IInvertedListCursor;
@@ -50,30 +51,35 @@
  * implemented features: updates (insert/update/delete) Limitations: a query
  * cannot exceed the size of a Hyracks frame
  */
-public class InvertedIndex {
+public class InvertedIndex implements IIndex {
 
     private BTree btree;
     private int rootPageId = 0;
     private IBufferCache bufferCache;
     private int fileId;
-    private final ITypeTrait[] typeTraits;
+    private final ITypeTrait[] invListTypeTraits;
     private final MultiComparator invListCmp;
     private final int numTokenFields;
     private final int numInvListKeys;
 
-    public InvertedIndex(IBufferCache bufferCache, BTree btree, ITypeTrait[] typeTraits, MultiComparator invListCmp) {
+    public InvertedIndex(IBufferCache bufferCache, BTree btree, ITypeTrait[] invListTypeTraits, MultiComparator invListCmp) {
         this.bufferCache = bufferCache;
         this.btree = btree;
         this.invListCmp = invListCmp;
-        this.typeTraits = typeTraits;
+        this.invListTypeTraits = invListTypeTraits;
         this.numTokenFields = btree.getMultiComparator().getKeyFieldCount();
         this.numInvListKeys = invListCmp.getKeyFieldCount();
     }
 
+    @Override
     public void open(int fileId) {
         this.fileId = fileId;
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public void create(int indexFileId) throws HyracksDataException {
+    }
+    
     public void close() {
         this.fileId = -1;
     }
@@ -225,7 +231,7 @@
     }
     
     public ITypeTrait[] getTypeTraits() {
-        return typeTraits;
+        return invListTypeTraits;
     }
 
     public BTree getBTree() {
@@ -244,7 +250,7 @@
         private int currentInvListStartPageId;
         private int currentInvListStartOffset;
         private final ByteArrayAccessibleOutputStream currentInvListTokenBaaos = new ByteArrayAccessibleOutputStream();
-        private final FixedSizeTupleReference currentInvListToken = new FixedSizeTupleReference(typeTraits);
+        private final FixedSizeTupleReference currentInvListToken = new FixedSizeTupleReference(invListTypeTraits);
 
         private int currentPageId;
         private ICachedPage currentPage;
@@ -291,5 +297,5 @@
             currentPage = bufferCache.pin(BufferedFileHandle.getDiskPageId(fileId, currentPageId), true);
             currentPage.acquireWriteLatch();
         }
-    };
+    }
 }
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/dataflow/RTreeDataflowHelper.java b/hyracks-storage-am-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/dataflow/RTreeDataflowHelper.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51abb79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/dataflow/RTreeDataflowHelper.java
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2009-2010 by The Regents of the University of California
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * you may obtain a copy of the License from
+ * 
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.dataflow;
+
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.context.IHyracksTaskContext;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.exceptions.HyracksDataException;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IFreePageManager;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexMetaDataFrameFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexOperatorDescriptor;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.TreeIndexDataflowHelper;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.frames.LIFOMetaDataFrameFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.freepage.LinkedListFreePageManager;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.ophelpers.MultiComparator;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.util.IndexUtils;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.impls.RTree;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.IBufferCache;
+
+public class RTreeDataflowHelper extends TreeIndexDataflowHelper {
+
+    public RTreeDataflowHelper(IIndexOperatorDescriptor opDesc, IHyracksTaskContext ctx, int partition,
+            boolean createIfNotExists) {
+        super(opDesc, ctx, partition, createIfNotExists);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ITreeIndex createIndexInstance() throws HyracksDataException {
+        MultiComparator cmp = IndexUtils.createMultiComparator(treeOpDesc.getTreeIndexComparatorFactories());
+        IBufferCache bufferCache = treeOpDesc.getStorageManager().getBufferCache(ctx);
+        ITreeIndexMetaDataFrameFactory metaDataFrameFactory = new LIFOMetaDataFrameFactory();
+        IFreePageManager freePageManager = new LinkedListFreePageManager(bufferCache, indexFileId, 0,
+                metaDataFrameFactory);
+        return new RTree(bufferCache, treeOpDesc.getTreeIndexTypeTraits().length, cmp, freePageManager,
+                treeOpDesc.getTreeIndexInteriorFactory(), treeOpDesc.getTreeIndexLeafFactory());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/dataflow/RTreeDataflowHelperFactory.java b/hyracks-storage-am-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/dataflow/RTreeDataflowHelperFactory.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8cd4e95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/dataflow/RTreeDataflowHelperFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2009-2010 by The Regents of the University of California
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * you may obtain a copy of the License from
+ * 
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.dataflow;
+
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.context.IHyracksTaskContext;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexDataflowHelperFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexOperatorDescriptor;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IndexDataflowHelper;
+
+public class RTreeDataflowHelperFactory implements IIndexDataflowHelperFactory {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    @Override
+    public IndexDataflowHelper createIndexDataflowHelper(IIndexOperatorDescriptor opDesc, IHyracksTaskContext ctx,
+            int partition, boolean createIfNotExists) {
+        return new RTreeDataflowHelper(opDesc, ctx, partition, createIfNotExists);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/dataflow/RTreeOpHelper.java b/hyracks-storage-am-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/dataflow/RTreeOpHelper.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 8c83636..0000000
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/dataflow/RTreeOpHelper.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2009-2010 by The Regents of the University of California
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * you may obtain a copy of the License from
- * 
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- * 
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.dataflow;
-
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.context.IHyracksTaskContext;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.exceptions.HyracksDataException;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IFreePageManager;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexMetaDataFrameFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.ITreeIndexOperatorDescriptorHelper;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IndexHelperOpenMode;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.TreeIndexOpHelper;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.frames.LIFOMetaDataFrameFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.freepage.LinkedListFreePageManager;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.impls.RTree;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.IBufferCache;
-
-public class RTreeOpHelper extends TreeIndexOpHelper {
-
-	public RTreeOpHelper(ITreeIndexOperatorDescriptorHelper opDesc,
-			IHyracksTaskContext ctx, int partition, IndexHelperOpenMode mode) {
-		super(opDesc, ctx, partition, mode);
-	}
-
-	public ITreeIndex createTreeIndex() throws HyracksDataException {
-		IBufferCache bufferCache = opDesc.getStorageManager().getBufferCache(
-				ctx);
-		ITreeIndexMetaDataFrameFactory metaDataFrameFactory = new LIFOMetaDataFrameFactory();
-		IFreePageManager freePageManager = new LinkedListFreePageManager(
-				bufferCache, indexFileId, 0, metaDataFrameFactory);
-
-		return new RTree(bufferCache, opDesc.getTreeIndexFieldCount(), cmp,
-				freePageManager, opDesc.getTreeIndexInteriorFactory(),
-				opDesc.getTreeIndexLeafFactory());
-	}
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/dataflow/RTreeOpHelperFactory.java b/hyracks-storage-am-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/dataflow/RTreeOpHelperFactory.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 6afc37e..0000000
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/dataflow/RTreeOpHelperFactory.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2009-2010 by The Regents of the University of California
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * you may obtain a copy of the License from
- * 
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- * 
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.dataflow;
-
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.context.IHyracksTaskContext;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.ITreeIndexOperatorDescriptorHelper;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IndexHelperOpenMode;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.TreeIndexOpHelper;
-
-public class RTreeOpHelperFactory implements ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory {
-
-	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
-
-	@Override
-	public TreeIndexOpHelper createTreeIndexOpHelper(
-			ITreeIndexOperatorDescriptorHelper opDesc, IHyracksTaskContext ctx,
-			int partition, IndexHelperOpenMode mode) {
-		return new RTreeOpHelper(opDesc, ctx, partition, mode);
-	}
-}
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/dataflow/RTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor.java b/hyracks-storage-am-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/dataflow/RTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor.java
index 407ebc9..586324f 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/dataflow/RTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/dataflow/RTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor.java
@@ -23,40 +23,33 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.RecordDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.job.JobSpecification;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.file.IFileSplitProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndex;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexDataflowHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexRegistryProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.IStorageManagerInterface;
 
-public class RTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor extends
-		AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor {
+public class RTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor extends AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor {
 
-	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
-	private int[] keyFields; // fields in input tuple to be used as keys
+    private int[] keyFields; // fields in input tuple to be used as keys
 
-	public RTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor(JobSpecification spec,
-			RecordDescriptor recDesc, IStorageManagerInterface storageManager,
-			IIndexRegistryProvider<ITreeIndex> treeIndexRegistryProvider,
-			IFileSplitProvider fileSplitProvider,
-			ITreeIndexFrameFactory interiorFrameFactory,
-			ITreeIndexFrameFactory leafFrameFactory, ITypeTrait[] typeTraits,
-			IBinaryComparatorFactory[] comparatorFactories,
-			int[] keyFields, ITreeIndexOpHelperFactory opHelperFactory) {
-		super(spec, 1, 1, recDesc, storageManager, treeIndexRegistryProvider,
-				fileSplitProvider, interiorFrameFactory, leafFrameFactory,
-				typeTraits, comparatorFactories,
-				opHelperFactory);
-		this.keyFields = keyFields;
-	}
+    public RTreeSearchOperatorDescriptor(JobSpecification spec, RecordDescriptor recDesc,
+            IStorageManagerInterface storageManager, IIndexRegistryProvider<IIndex> indexRegistryProvider,
+            IFileSplitProvider fileSplitProvider, ITreeIndexFrameFactory interiorFrameFactory,
+            ITreeIndexFrameFactory leafFrameFactory, ITypeTrait[] typeTraits,
+            IBinaryComparatorFactory[] comparatorFactories, int[] keyFields,
+            IIndexDataflowHelperFactory dataflowHelperFactory) {
+        super(spec, 1, 1, recDesc, storageManager, indexRegistryProvider, fileSplitProvider, interiorFrameFactory,
+                leafFrameFactory, typeTraits, comparatorFactories, dataflowHelperFactory);
+        this.keyFields = keyFields;
+    }
 
-	@Override
-	public IOperatorNodePushable createPushRuntime(
-			final IHyracksTaskContext ctx, IRecordDescriptorProvider recordDescProvider,
-			int partition, int nPartitions) {
-		return new RTreeSearchOperatorNodePushable(this, ctx, partition,
-				recordDescProvider, keyFields);
-	}
+    @Override
+    public IOperatorNodePushable createPushRuntime(final IHyracksTaskContext ctx,
+            IRecordDescriptorProvider recordDescProvider, int partition, int nPartitions) {
+        return new RTreeSearchOperatorNodePushable(this, ctx, partition, recordDescProvider, keyFields);
+    }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/dataflow/RTreeSearchOperatorNodePushable.java b/hyracks-storage-am-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/dataflow/RTreeSearchOperatorNodePushable.java
index daf312f..9f62b8f 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/dataflow/RTreeSearchOperatorNodePushable.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/dataflow/RTreeSearchOperatorNodePushable.java
@@ -33,9 +33,8 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexCursor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrame;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IndexHelperOpenMode;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.PermutingFrameTupleReference;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.TreeIndexOpHelper;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.TreeIndexDataflowHelper;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.ophelpers.MultiComparator;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.api.IRTreeInteriorFrame;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.api.IRTreeLeafFrame;
@@ -44,7 +43,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.rtree.impls.SearchPredicate;
 
 public class RTreeSearchOperatorNodePushable extends AbstractUnaryInputUnaryOutputOperatorNodePushable {
-    private TreeIndexOpHelper treeIndexOpHelper;
+    private TreeIndexDataflowHelper treeIndexHelper;
     private FrameTupleAccessor accessor;
 
     private ByteBuffer writeBuffer;
@@ -65,9 +64,8 @@
 
     public RTreeSearchOperatorNodePushable(AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor opDesc, IHyracksTaskContext ctx,
             int partition, IRecordDescriptorProvider recordDescProvider, int[] keyFields) {
-        treeIndexOpHelper = opDesc.getTreeIndexOpHelperFactory().createTreeIndexOpHelper(opDesc, ctx, partition,
-                IndexHelperOpenMode.OPEN);
-
+        treeIndexHelper = (TreeIndexDataflowHelper) opDesc.getIndexDataflowHelperFactory().createIndexDataflowHelper(
+                opDesc, ctx, partition, false);
         this.recDesc = recordDescProvider.getInputRecordDescriptor(opDesc.getOperatorId(), 0);
         if (keyFields != null && keyFields.length > 0) {
             searchKey = new PermutingFrameTupleReference();
@@ -77,38 +75,29 @@
 
     @Override
     public void open() throws HyracksDataException {
-        AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor opDesc = (AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor) treeIndexOpHelper
+        AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor opDesc = (AbstractTreeIndexOperatorDescriptor) treeIndexHelper
                 .getOperatorDescriptor();
-        accessor = new FrameTupleAccessor(treeIndexOpHelper.getHyracksTaskContext().getFrameSize(), recDesc);
-
+        accessor = new FrameTupleAccessor(treeIndexHelper.getHyracksTaskContext().getFrameSize(), recDesc);
         interiorFrame = opDesc.getTreeIndexInteriorFactory().createFrame();
         leafFrame = opDesc.getTreeIndexLeafFactory().createFrame();
         cursor = new RTreeSearchCursor((IRTreeInteriorFrame) interiorFrame, (IRTreeLeafFrame) leafFrame);
-
         try {
-
-            treeIndexOpHelper.init();
+            treeIndexHelper.init();
             writer.open();
             try {
-                rtree = (RTree) treeIndexOpHelper.getTreeIndex();
-
+                rtree = (RTree) treeIndexHelper.getIndex();
                 int keySearchFields = rtree.getCmp().getComparators().length;
-
                 IBinaryComparator[] keySearchComparators = new IBinaryComparator[keySearchFields];
                 for (int i = 0; i < keySearchFields; i++) {
                     keySearchComparators[i] = rtree.getCmp().getComparators()[i];
                 }
-
                 cmp = new MultiComparator(keySearchComparators);
-
                 searchPred = new SearchPredicate(searchKey, cmp);
-
-                writeBuffer = treeIndexOpHelper.getHyracksTaskContext().allocateFrame();
+                writeBuffer = treeIndexHelper.getHyracksTaskContext().allocateFrame();
                 tb = new ArrayTupleBuilder(rtree.getFieldCount());
                 dos = tb.getDataOutput();
-                appender = new FrameTupleAppender(treeIndexOpHelper.getHyracksTaskContext().getFrameSize());
+                appender = new FrameTupleAppender(treeIndexHelper.getHyracksTaskContext().getFrameSize());
                 appender.reset(writeBuffer, true);
-
                 indexAccessor = rtree.createAccessor();
             } catch (Exception e) {
                 writer.fail();
@@ -116,7 +105,7 @@
             }
 
         } catch (Exception e) {
-            treeIndexOpHelper.deinit();
+            treeIndexHelper.deinit();
             throw new HyracksDataException(e);
         }
     }
@@ -174,7 +163,7 @@
                 throw new HyracksDataException(e);
             }
         } finally {
-            treeIndexOpHelper.deinit();
+            treeIndexHelper.deinit();
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/test/support/TestTreeIndexRegistryProvider.java b/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/test/support/TestIndexRegistryProvider.java
similarity index 76%
rename from hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/test/support/TestTreeIndexRegistryProvider.java
rename to hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/test/support/TestIndexRegistryProvider.java
index 9925fe8..27d50f5 100644
--- a/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/test/support/TestTreeIndexRegistryProvider.java
+++ b/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/test/support/TestIndexRegistryProvider.java
@@ -15,15 +15,15 @@
 package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support;
 
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.context.IHyracksTaskContext;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexRegistryProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IndexRegistry;
 
-public class TestTreeIndexRegistryProvider implements IIndexRegistryProvider<ITreeIndex> {
+public class TestIndexRegistryProvider implements IIndexRegistryProvider<IIndex> {
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
     @Override
-    public IndexRegistry<ITreeIndex> getRegistry(IHyracksTaskContext ctx) {
-        return TestStorageManagerComponentHolder.getTreeIndexRegistry(ctx);
+    public IndexRegistry<IIndex> getRegistry(IHyracksTaskContext ctx) {
+        return TestStorageManagerComponentHolder.getIndexRegistry(ctx);
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/test/support/TestInvertedIndexRegistryProvider.java b/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/test/support/TestInvertedIndexRegistryProvider.java
deleted file mode 100644
index c7ee98e..0000000
--- a/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/test/support/TestInvertedIndexRegistryProvider.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2009-2010 by The Regents of the University of California
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * you may obtain a copy of the License from
- * 
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- * 
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support;
-
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.context.IHyracksTaskContext;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexRegistryProvider;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IndexRegistry;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.impls.InvertedIndex;
-
-public class TestInvertedIndexRegistryProvider implements IIndexRegistryProvider<InvertedIndex> {
-    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
-
-    @Override
-    public IndexRegistry<InvertedIndex> getRegistry(IHyracksTaskContext ctx) {
-        return TestStorageManagerComponentHolder.getInvertedIndexRegistry(ctx);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/test/support/TestStorageManagerComponentHolder.java b/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/test/support/TestStorageManagerComponentHolder.java
index a0aa44b..d006f42 100644
--- a/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/test/support/TestStorageManagerComponentHolder.java
+++ b/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/test/support/TestStorageManagerComponentHolder.java
@@ -15,9 +15,8 @@
 package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support;
 
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.context.IHyracksTaskContext;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IndexRegistry;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.impls.InvertedIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.BufferCache;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.ClockPageReplacementStrategy;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.HeapBufferAllocator;
@@ -31,8 +30,7 @@
 public class TestStorageManagerComponentHolder {
     private static IBufferCache bufferCache;
     private static IFileMapProvider fileMapProvider;
-    private static IndexRegistry<ITreeIndex> treeIndexRegistry;
-    private static IndexRegistry<InvertedIndex> invIndexRegistry;
+    private static IndexRegistry<IIndex> indexRegistry;
 
     private static int pageSize;
     private static int numPages;
@@ -44,8 +42,7 @@
         TestStorageManagerComponentHolder.maxOpenFiles = maxOpenFiles;
         bufferCache = null;
         fileMapProvider = null;
-        treeIndexRegistry = null;
-        invIndexRegistry = null;
+        indexRegistry = null;
     }
 
     public synchronized static IBufferCache getBufferCache(IHyracksTaskContext ctx) {
@@ -66,17 +63,10 @@
         return fileMapProvider;
     }
 
-    public synchronized static IndexRegistry<ITreeIndex> getTreeIndexRegistry(IHyracksTaskContext ctx) {
-        if (treeIndexRegistry == null) {
-            treeIndexRegistry = new IndexRegistry<ITreeIndex>();
+    public synchronized static IndexRegistry<IIndex> getIndexRegistry(IHyracksTaskContext ctx) {
+        if (indexRegistry == null) {
+            indexRegistry = new IndexRegistry<IIndex>();
         }
-        return treeIndexRegistry;
-    }
-    
-    public synchronized static IndexRegistry<InvertedIndex> getInvertedIndexRegistry(IHyracksTaskContext ctx) {
-        if (invIndexRegistry == null) {
-        	invIndexRegistry = new IndexRegistry<InvertedIndex>();
-        }
-        return invIndexRegistry;
+        return indexRegistry;
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/AbstractInvIndexSearchTest.java b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/AbstractInvIndexSearchTest.java
index 0f3d944..1f1cc25 100644
--- a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/AbstractInvIndexSearchTest.java
+++ b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/AbstractInvIndexSearchTest.java
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.impls.TOccurrenceSearcher;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.tokenizers.IBinaryTokenizer;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.tokenizers.ITokenFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.util.InvertedIndexUtils;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.IBufferCache;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.file.IFileMapProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestStorageManagerComponentHolder;
@@ -79,9 +80,9 @@
     protected FileReference btreeFile = new FileReference(new File(btreeFileName));
     protected int btreeFileId;
 
-    // declare btree fields
-    protected int fieldCount = 5;
-    protected ITypeTrait[] typeTraits = new ITypeTrait[fieldCount];
+    // declare token type traits
+    protected ITypeTrait[] tokenTypeTraits = new ITypeTrait[] { ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT };
+    protected ITypeTrait[] btreeTypeTraits = InvertedIndexUtils.getBTreeTypeTraits(tokenTypeTraits);
 
     // declare btree keys
     protected int btreeKeyFieldCount = 1;
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@
     protected MultiComparator btreeCmp = new MultiComparator(btreeBinCmps);
 
     // btree frame factories
-    protected TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory tupleWriterFactory = new TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory(typeTraits);
+    protected TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory tupleWriterFactory = new TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory(btreeTypeTraits);
     protected ITreeIndexFrameFactory leafFrameFactory = new BTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory(tupleWriterFactory);
     protected ITreeIndexFrameFactory interiorFrameFactory = new BTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory(tupleWriterFactory);
     protected ITreeIndexMetaDataFrameFactory metaFrameFactory = new LIFOMetaDataFrameFactory();
@@ -168,22 +169,11 @@
         btreeFileId = fmp.lookupFileId(btreeFile);
         bufferCache.openFile(btreeFileId);
 
-        // token (key)
-        typeTraits[0] = new TypeTrait(ITypeTrait.VARIABLE_LENGTH);
-        // startPageId
-        typeTraits[1] = new TypeTrait(4);
-        // endPageId
-        typeTraits[2] = new TypeTrait(4);
-        // startOff
-        typeTraits[3] = new TypeTrait(4);
-        // numElements
-        typeTraits[4] = new TypeTrait(4);
-
         btreeBinCmps[0] = UTF8StringBinaryComparatorFactory.INSTANCE.createBinaryComparator();
 
         freePageManager = new LinkedListFreePageManager(bufferCache, btreeFileId, 0, metaFrameFactory);
 
-        btree = new BTree(bufferCache, fieldCount, btreeCmp, freePageManager, interiorFrameFactory, leafFrameFactory);
+        btree = new BTree(bufferCache, btreeTypeTraits.length, btreeCmp, freePageManager, interiorFrameFactory, leafFrameFactory);
         btree.create(btreeFileId);
         btree.open(btreeFileId);
 
diff --git a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/BulkLoadTest.java b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/BulkLoadTest.java
index bd22d0d..bbbb743 100644
--- a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/BulkLoadTest.java
+++ b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/BulkLoadTest.java
@@ -55,7 +55,6 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexCursor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrame;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrameFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexMetaDataFrame;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexMetaDataFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.frames.LIFOMetaDataFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.freepage.LinkedListFreePageManager;
@@ -66,6 +65,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.impls.FixedSizeElementInvertedListBuilder;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.impls.FixedSizeElementInvertedListCursor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.impls.InvertedIndex;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.util.InvertedIndexUtils;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.IBufferCache;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.file.IFileMapProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestStorageManagerComponentHolder;
@@ -103,19 +103,9 @@
         int invListsFileId = fmp.lookupFileId(invListsFile);
         bufferCache.openFile(invListsFileId);
 
-        // declare btree fields
-        int fieldCount = 5;
-        ITypeTrait[] typeTraits = new ITypeTrait[fieldCount];
-        // token (key)
-        typeTraits[0] = new TypeTrait(ITypeTrait.VARIABLE_LENGTH);
-        // startPageId
-        typeTraits[1] = new TypeTrait(4);
-        // endPageId
-        typeTraits[2] = new TypeTrait(4);
-        // startOff
-        typeTraits[3] = new TypeTrait(4);
-        // numElements
-        typeTraits[4] = new TypeTrait(4);
+        // Declare token type traits, and compute BTree type traits.
+        ITypeTrait[] tokenTypeTraits = new ITypeTrait[] { ITypeTrait.VARLEN_TYPE_TRAIT }; 
+        ITypeTrait[] btreeTypeTraits = InvertedIndexUtils.getBTreeTypeTraits(tokenTypeTraits);
 
         // declare btree keys
         int keyFieldCount = 1;
@@ -124,18 +114,16 @@
 
         MultiComparator btreeCmp = new MultiComparator(cmps);
 
-        TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory tupleWriterFactory = new TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory(typeTraits);
+        TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory tupleWriterFactory = new TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory(btreeTypeTraits);
         ITreeIndexFrameFactory leafFrameFactory = new BTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory(tupleWriterFactory);
         ITreeIndexFrameFactory interiorFrameFactory = new BTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory(tupleWriterFactory);
         ITreeIndexMetaDataFrameFactory metaFrameFactory = new LIFOMetaDataFrameFactory();
 
         ITreeIndexFrame leafFrame = leafFrameFactory.createFrame();
-        ITreeIndexFrame interiorFrame = interiorFrameFactory.createFrame();
-        ITreeIndexMetaDataFrame metaFrame = metaFrameFactory.createFrame();
 
         IFreePageManager freePageManager = new LinkedListFreePageManager(bufferCache, btreeFileId, 0, metaFrameFactory);
 
-        BTree btree = new BTree(bufferCache, fieldCount, btreeCmp, freePageManager, interiorFrameFactory, leafFrameFactory);
+        BTree btree = new BTree(bufferCache, btreeTypeTraits.length, btreeCmp, freePageManager, interiorFrameFactory, leafFrameFactory);
         btree.create(btreeFileId);
         btree.open(btreeFileId);