diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/impls/AbstractTreeIndex.java b/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/impls/AbstractTreeIndex.java
index 19d40a0..a85a174 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/impls/AbstractTreeIndex.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/impls/AbstractTreeIndex.java
@@ -12,352 +12,356 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-
-package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls;
-
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.IBinaryComparatorFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.exceptions.HyracksDataException;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.io.FileReference;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.common.data.accessors.ITupleReference;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IFreePageManager;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IIndexBulkLoader;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexAccessor;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrame;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrameFactory;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexMetaDataFrame;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexTupleWriter;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IndexException;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.TreeIndexException;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.ophelpers.MultiComparator;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.IBufferCache;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.ICachedPage;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.file.BufferedFileHandle;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.file.IFileMapProvider;
-
-public abstract class AbstractTreeIndex implements ITreeIndex {
-
-    protected final static int rootPage = 1;
-
-    protected final IBufferCache bufferCache;
-    protected final IFileMapProvider fileMapProvider;
-    protected final IFreePageManager freePageManager;
-
-    protected final ITreeIndexFrameFactory interiorFrameFactory;
-    protected final ITreeIndexFrameFactory leafFrameFactory;
-
-    protected final IBinaryComparatorFactory[] cmpFactories;
-    protected final int fieldCount;
-
-    protected FileReference file;
-    protected int fileId = -1;
-
-    private boolean isActivated = false;
-
-    public AbstractTreeIndex(IBufferCache bufferCache, IFileMapProvider fileMapProvider,
-            IFreePageManager freePageManager, ITreeIndexFrameFactory interiorFrameFactory,
-            ITreeIndexFrameFactory leafFrameFactory, IBinaryComparatorFactory[] cmpFactories, int fieldCount,
-            FileReference file) {
-        this.bufferCache = bufferCache;
-        this.fileMapProvider = fileMapProvider;
-        this.freePageManager = freePageManager;
-        this.interiorFrameFactory = interiorFrameFactory;
-        this.leafFrameFactory = leafFrameFactory;
-        this.cmpFactories = cmpFactories;
-        this.fieldCount = fieldCount;
-        this.file = file;
-    }
-
-    public synchronized void create() throws HyracksDataException {
-        if (isActivated) {
-            throw new HyracksDataException("Failed to create the index since it is activated.");
-        }
-
-        boolean fileIsMapped = false;
-        synchronized (fileMapProvider) {
-            fileIsMapped = fileMapProvider.isMapped(file);
-            if (!fileIsMapped) {
-                bufferCache.createFile(file);
-            }
-            fileId = fileMapProvider.lookupFileId(file);
-            try {
-                // Also creates the file if it doesn't exist yet.
-                bufferCache.openFile(fileId);
-            } catch (HyracksDataException e) {
-                // Revert state of buffer cache since file failed to open.
-                if (!fileIsMapped) {
-                    bufferCache.deleteFile(fileId, false);
-                }
-                throw e;
-            }
-        }
-
-        freePageManager.open(fileId);
-        initEmptyTree();
-        freePageManager.close();
-        bufferCache.closeFile(fileId);
-    }
-
-    private void initEmptyTree() throws HyracksDataException {
-        ITreeIndexFrame frame = leafFrameFactory.createFrame();
-        ITreeIndexMetaDataFrame metaFrame = freePageManager.getMetaDataFrameFactory().createFrame();
-        freePageManager.init(metaFrame, rootPage);
-
-        ICachedPage rootNode = bufferCache.pin(BufferedFileHandle.getDiskPageId(fileId, rootPage), true);
-        rootNode.acquireWriteLatch();
-        try {
-            frame.setPage(rootNode);
-            frame.initBuffer((byte) 0);
-        } finally {
-            rootNode.releaseWriteLatch();
-            bufferCache.unpin(rootNode);
-        }
-    }
-
-    public synchronized void activate() throws HyracksDataException {
-        if (isActivated) {
-            throw new HyracksDataException("Failed to activate the index since it is already activated.");
-        }
-
-        boolean fileIsMapped = false;
-        synchronized (fileMapProvider) {
-            fileIsMapped = fileMapProvider.isMapped(file);
-            if (!fileIsMapped) {
-                bufferCache.createFile(file);
-            }
-            fileId = fileMapProvider.lookupFileId(file);
-            try {
-                // Also creates the file if it doesn't exist yet.
-                bufferCache.openFile(fileId);
-            } catch (HyracksDataException e) {
-                // Revert state of buffer cache since file failed to open.
-                if (!fileIsMapped) {
-                    bufferCache.deleteFile(fileId, false);
-                }
-                throw e;
-            }
-        }
-        freePageManager.open(fileId);
-
-        // TODO: Should probably have some way to check that the tree is physically consistent
-        // or that the file we just opened actually is a tree
-
-        isActivated = true;
-    }
-
-    public synchronized void deactivate() throws HyracksDataException {
-        if (!isActivated) {
-            throw new HyracksDataException("Failed to deactivate the index since it is already deactivated.");
-        }
-
-        bufferCache.closeFile(fileId);
-        freePageManager.close();
-
-        isActivated = false;
-    }
-
-    public synchronized void destroy() throws HyracksDataException {
-        if (isActivated) {
-            throw new HyracksDataException("Failed to destroy the index since it is activated.");
-        }
-
-        file.delete();
-        if (fileId == -1) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        bufferCache.deleteFile(fileId, false);
-        fileId = -1;
-    }
-
-    public synchronized void clear() throws HyracksDataException {
-        if (!isActivated) {
-            throw new HyracksDataException("Failed to clear the index since it is not activated.");
-        }
-        initEmptyTree();
-    }
-
-    public boolean isEmptyTree(ITreeIndexFrame frame) throws HyracksDataException {
-        ICachedPage rootNode = bufferCache.pin(BufferedFileHandle.getDiskPageId(fileId, rootPage), false);
-        rootNode.acquireReadLatch();
-        try {
-            frame.setPage(rootNode);
-            if (frame.getLevel() == 0 && frame.getTupleCount() == 0) {
-                return true;
-            } else {
-                return false;
-            }
-        } finally {
-            rootNode.releaseReadLatch();
-            bufferCache.unpin(rootNode);
-        }
-    }
-
-    public byte getTreeHeight(ITreeIndexFrame frame) throws HyracksDataException {
-        ICachedPage rootNode = bufferCache.pin(BufferedFileHandle.getDiskPageId(fileId, rootPage), false);
-        rootNode.acquireReadLatch();
-        try {
-            frame.setPage(rootNode);
-            return frame.getLevel();
-        } finally {
-            rootNode.releaseReadLatch();
-            bufferCache.unpin(rootNode);
-        }
-    }
-
-    public int getFileId() {
-        return fileId;
-    }
-
-    public FileReference getFileReference() {
-        return file;
-    }
-
-    public IBufferCache getBufferCache() {
-        return bufferCache;
-    }
-
-    public ITreeIndexFrameFactory getInteriorFrameFactory() {
-        return interiorFrameFactory;
-    }
-
-    public ITreeIndexFrameFactory getLeafFrameFactory() {
-        return leafFrameFactory;
-    }
-
-    public IBinaryComparatorFactory[] getComparatorFactories() {
-        return cmpFactories;
-    }
-
-    public IFreePageManager getFreePageManager() {
-        return freePageManager;
-    }
-
-    public int getRootPageId() {
-        return rootPage;
-    }
-
-    public int getFieldCount() {
-        return fieldCount;
-    }
-
-    public abstract class AbstractTreeIndexBulkLoader implements IIndexBulkLoader {
-        protected final MultiComparator cmp;
-        protected final int slotSize;
-        protected final int leafMaxBytes;
-        protected final int interiorMaxBytes;
-        protected final ArrayList<NodeFrontier> nodeFrontiers = new ArrayList<NodeFrontier>();
-        protected final ITreeIndexMetaDataFrame metaFrame;
-        protected final ITreeIndexTupleWriter tupleWriter;
-        protected ITreeIndexFrame leafFrame;
-        protected ITreeIndexFrame interiorFrame;
-
-        public AbstractTreeIndexBulkLoader(float fillFactor) throws TreeIndexException, HyracksDataException {
-            leafFrame = leafFrameFactory.createFrame();
-            interiorFrame = interiorFrameFactory.createFrame();
-            metaFrame = freePageManager.getMetaDataFrameFactory().createFrame();
-
-            if (!isEmptyTree(leafFrame)) {
-                throw new TreeIndexException("Cannot bulk-load a non-empty tree.");
-            }
-
-            this.cmp = MultiComparator.createIgnoreFieldLength(cmpFactories);
-
-            leafFrame.setMultiComparator(cmp);
-            interiorFrame.setMultiComparator(cmp);
-
-            tupleWriter = leafFrame.getTupleWriter();
-
-            NodeFrontier leafFrontier = new NodeFrontier(leafFrame.createTupleReference());
-            leafFrontier.pageId = freePageManager.getFreePage(metaFrame);
-            leafFrontier.page = bufferCache.pin(BufferedFileHandle.getDiskPageId(fileId, leafFrontier.pageId), true);
-            leafFrontier.page.acquireWriteLatch();
-
-            interiorFrame.setPage(leafFrontier.page);
-            interiorFrame.initBuffer((byte) 0);
-            interiorMaxBytes = (int) ((float) interiorFrame.getBuffer().capacity() * fillFactor);
-
-            leafFrame.setPage(leafFrontier.page);
-            leafFrame.initBuffer((byte) 0);
-            leafMaxBytes = (int) ((float) leafFrame.getBuffer().capacity() * fillFactor);
-            slotSize = leafFrame.getSlotSize();
-
-            nodeFrontiers.add(leafFrontier);
-        }
-
-        public abstract void add(ITupleReference tuple) throws IndexException, HyracksDataException;
-
-        protected void handleException() throws HyracksDataException {
-            // Unlatch and unpin pages.
-            for (NodeFrontier nodeFrontier : nodeFrontiers) {
-                nodeFrontier.page.releaseWriteLatch();
-                bufferCache.unpin(nodeFrontier.page);
-            }
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public void end() throws HyracksDataException {
-            // copy the root generated from the bulk-load to *the* root page location
-            ICachedPage newRoot = bufferCache.pin(BufferedFileHandle.getDiskPageId(fileId, rootPage), true);
-            newRoot.acquireWriteLatch();
-            NodeFrontier lastNodeFrontier = nodeFrontiers.get(nodeFrontiers.size() - 1);
-            try {
-                System.arraycopy(lastNodeFrontier.page.getBuffer().array(), 0, newRoot.getBuffer().array(), 0,
-                        lastNodeFrontier.page.getBuffer().capacity());
-            } finally {
-                newRoot.releaseWriteLatch();
-                bufferCache.unpin(newRoot);
-
-                // register old root as a free page
-                freePageManager.addFreePage(metaFrame, lastNodeFrontier.pageId);
-
-                for (int i = 0; i < nodeFrontiers.size(); i++) {
-                    nodeFrontiers.get(i).page.releaseWriteLatch();
-                    bufferCache.unpin(nodeFrontiers.get(i).page);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected void addLevel() throws HyracksDataException {
-            NodeFrontier frontier = new NodeFrontier(tupleWriter.createTupleReference());
-            frontier.pageId = freePageManager.getFreePage(metaFrame);
-            frontier.page = bufferCache.pin(BufferedFileHandle.getDiskPageId(fileId, frontier.pageId), true);
-            frontier.page.acquireWriteLatch();
-            frontier.lastTuple.setFieldCount(cmp.getKeyFieldCount());
-            interiorFrame.setPage(frontier.page);
-            interiorFrame.initBuffer((byte) nodeFrontiers.size());
-            nodeFrontiers.add(frontier);
-        }
-    }
-
-    public class TreeIndexInsertBulkLoader implements IIndexBulkLoader {
-        ITreeIndexAccessor accessor;
-
-        public TreeIndexInsertBulkLoader() throws HyracksDataException {
-            accessor = (ITreeIndexAccessor) createAccessor(NoOpOperationCallback.INSTANCE,
-                    NoOpOperationCallback.INSTANCE);
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public void add(ITupleReference tuple) throws HyracksDataException {
-            try {
-                accessor.insert(tuple);
-            } catch (IndexException e) {
-                throw new HyracksDataException(e);
-            }
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public void end() throws HyracksDataException {
-            // do nothing
-        }
-
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public long getMemoryAllocationSize() {
-        return 0;
-    }
+
+package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.IBinaryComparatorFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.exceptions.HyracksDataException;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.io.FileReference;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.common.data.accessors.ITupleReference;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IFreePageManager;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IIndexBulkLoader;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexAccessor;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrame;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrameFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexMetaDataFrame;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexTupleWriter;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IndexException;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.TreeIndexException;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.ophelpers.MultiComparator;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.IBufferCache;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.ICachedPage;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.file.BufferedFileHandle;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.file.IFileMapProvider;
+
+public abstract class AbstractTreeIndex implements ITreeIndex {
+
+    protected final static int rootPage = 1;
+
+    protected final IBufferCache bufferCache;
+    protected final IFileMapProvider fileMapProvider;
+    protected final IFreePageManager freePageManager;
+
+    protected final ITreeIndexFrameFactory interiorFrameFactory;
+    protected final ITreeIndexFrameFactory leafFrameFactory;
+
+    protected final IBinaryComparatorFactory[] cmpFactories;
+    protected final int fieldCount;
+
+    protected FileReference file;
+    protected int fileId = -1;
+
+    private boolean isActivated = false;
+
+    public AbstractTreeIndex(IBufferCache bufferCache, IFileMapProvider fileMapProvider,
+            IFreePageManager freePageManager, ITreeIndexFrameFactory interiorFrameFactory,
+            ITreeIndexFrameFactory leafFrameFactory, IBinaryComparatorFactory[] cmpFactories, int fieldCount,
+            FileReference file) {
+        this.bufferCache = bufferCache;
+        this.fileMapProvider = fileMapProvider;
+        this.freePageManager = freePageManager;
+        this.interiorFrameFactory = interiorFrameFactory;
+        this.leafFrameFactory = leafFrameFactory;
+        this.cmpFactories = cmpFactories;
+        this.fieldCount = fieldCount;
+        this.file = file;
+    }
+
+    public synchronized void create() throws HyracksDataException {
+        if (isActivated) {
+            throw new HyracksDataException("Failed to create the index since it is activated.");
+        }
+
+        boolean fileIsMapped = false;
+        synchronized (fileMapProvider) {
+            fileIsMapped = fileMapProvider.isMapped(file);
+            if (!fileIsMapped) {
+                bufferCache.createFile(file);
+            }
+            fileId = fileMapProvider.lookupFileId(file);
+            try {
+                // Also creates the file if it doesn't exist yet.
+                bufferCache.openFile(fileId);
+            } catch (HyracksDataException e) {
+                // Revert state of buffer cache since file failed to open.
+                if (!fileIsMapped) {
+                    bufferCache.deleteFile(fileId, false);
+                }
+                throw e;
+            }
+        }
+
+        freePageManager.open(fileId);
+        initEmptyTree();
+        freePageManager.close();
+        bufferCache.closeFile(fileId);
+    }
+
+    private void initEmptyTree() throws HyracksDataException {
+        ITreeIndexFrame frame = leafFrameFactory.createFrame();
+        ITreeIndexMetaDataFrame metaFrame = freePageManager.getMetaDataFrameFactory().createFrame();
+        freePageManager.init(metaFrame, rootPage);
+
+        ICachedPage rootNode = bufferCache.pin(BufferedFileHandle.getDiskPageId(fileId, rootPage), true);
+        rootNode.acquireWriteLatch();
+        try {
+            frame.setPage(rootNode);
+            frame.initBuffer((byte) 0);
+        } finally {
+            rootNode.releaseWriteLatch();
+            bufferCache.unpin(rootNode);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public synchronized void activate() throws HyracksDataException {
+        if (isActivated) {
+            throw new HyracksDataException("Failed to activate the index since it is already activated.");
+        }
+
+        boolean fileIsMapped = false;
+        synchronized (fileMapProvider) {
+            fileIsMapped = fileMapProvider.isMapped(file);
+            if (!fileIsMapped) {
+                bufferCache.createFile(file);
+            }
+            fileId = fileMapProvider.lookupFileId(file);
+            try {
+                // Also creates the file if it doesn't exist yet.
+                bufferCache.openFile(fileId);
+            } catch (HyracksDataException e) {
+                // Revert state of buffer cache since file failed to open.
+                if (!fileIsMapped) {
+                    bufferCache.deleteFile(fileId, false);
+                }
+                throw e;
+            }
+        }
+        freePageManager.open(fileId);
+
+        // TODO: Should probably have some way to check that the tree is physically consistent
+        // or that the file we just opened actually is a tree
+
+        isActivated = true;
+    }
+
+    public synchronized void deactivate() throws HyracksDataException {
+        if (!isActivated) {
+            throw new HyracksDataException("Failed to deactivate the index since it is already deactivated.");
+        }
+
+        bufferCache.closeFile(fileId);
+        freePageManager.close();
+
+        isActivated = false;
+    }
+
+    public synchronized void destroy() throws HyracksDataException {
+        if (isActivated) {
+            throw new HyracksDataException("Failed to destroy the index since it is activated.");
+        }
+
+        file.delete();
+        if (fileId == -1) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        bufferCache.deleteFile(fileId, false);
+        fileId = -1;
+    }
+
+    public synchronized void clear() throws HyracksDataException {
+        if (!isActivated) {
+            throw new HyracksDataException("Failed to clear the index since it is not activated.");
+        }
+        initEmptyTree();
+    }
+
+    public boolean isEmptyTree(ITreeIndexFrame frame) throws HyracksDataException {
+        ICachedPage rootNode = bufferCache.pin(BufferedFileHandle.getDiskPageId(fileId, rootPage), false);
+        rootNode.acquireReadLatch();
+        try {
+            frame.setPage(rootNode);
+            if (frame.getLevel() == 0 && frame.getTupleCount() == 0) {
+                return true;
+            } else {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } finally {
+            rootNode.releaseReadLatch();
+            bufferCache.unpin(rootNode);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public byte getTreeHeight(ITreeIndexFrame frame) throws HyracksDataException {
+        ICachedPage rootNode = bufferCache.pin(BufferedFileHandle.getDiskPageId(fileId, rootPage), false);
+        rootNode.acquireReadLatch();
+        try {
+            frame.setPage(rootNode);
+            return frame.getLevel();
+        } finally {
+            rootNode.releaseReadLatch();
+            bufferCache.unpin(rootNode);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public int getFileId() {
+        return fileId;
+    }
+
+    public FileReference getFileReference() {
+        return file;
+    }
+
+    public IBufferCache getBufferCache() {
+        return bufferCache;
+    }
+
+    public ITreeIndexFrameFactory getInteriorFrameFactory() {
+        return interiorFrameFactory;
+    }
+
+    public ITreeIndexFrameFactory getLeafFrameFactory() {
+        return leafFrameFactory;
+    }
+
+    public IBinaryComparatorFactory[] getComparatorFactories() {
+        return cmpFactories;
+    }
+
+    public IFreePageManager getFreePageManager() {
+        return freePageManager;
+    }
+
+    public int getRootPageId() {
+        return rootPage;
+    }
+
+    public int getFieldCount() {
+        return fieldCount;
+    }
+
+    public abstract class AbstractTreeIndexBulkLoader implements IIndexBulkLoader {
+        protected final MultiComparator cmp;
+        protected final int slotSize;
+        protected final int leafMaxBytes;
+        protected final int interiorMaxBytes;
+        protected final ArrayList<NodeFrontier> nodeFrontiers = new ArrayList<NodeFrontier>();
+        protected final ITreeIndexMetaDataFrame metaFrame;
+        protected final ITreeIndexTupleWriter tupleWriter;
+        protected ITreeIndexFrame leafFrame;
+        protected ITreeIndexFrame interiorFrame;
+        private boolean releasedLatches;
+
+        public AbstractTreeIndexBulkLoader(float fillFactor) throws TreeIndexException, HyracksDataException {
+            leafFrame = leafFrameFactory.createFrame();
+            interiorFrame = interiorFrameFactory.createFrame();
+            metaFrame = freePageManager.getMetaDataFrameFactory().createFrame();
+
+            if (!isEmptyTree(leafFrame)) {
+                throw new TreeIndexException("Cannot bulk-load a non-empty tree.");
+            }
+
+            this.cmp = MultiComparator.createIgnoreFieldLength(cmpFactories);
+
+            leafFrame.setMultiComparator(cmp);
+            interiorFrame.setMultiComparator(cmp);
+
+            tupleWriter = leafFrame.getTupleWriter();
+
+            NodeFrontier leafFrontier = new NodeFrontier(leafFrame.createTupleReference());
+            leafFrontier.pageId = freePageManager.getFreePage(metaFrame);
+            leafFrontier.page = bufferCache.pin(BufferedFileHandle.getDiskPageId(fileId, leafFrontier.pageId), true);
+            leafFrontier.page.acquireWriteLatch();
+
+            interiorFrame.setPage(leafFrontier.page);
+            interiorFrame.initBuffer((byte) 0);
+            interiorMaxBytes = (int) ((float) interiorFrame.getBuffer().capacity() * fillFactor);
+
+            leafFrame.setPage(leafFrontier.page);
+            leafFrame.initBuffer((byte) 0);
+            leafMaxBytes = (int) ((float) leafFrame.getBuffer().capacity() * fillFactor);
+            slotSize = leafFrame.getSlotSize();
+
+            nodeFrontiers.add(leafFrontier);
+        }
+
+        public abstract void add(ITupleReference tuple) throws IndexException, HyracksDataException;
+
+        protected void handleException() throws HyracksDataException {
+            // Unlatch and unpin pages.
+            for (NodeFrontier nodeFrontier : nodeFrontiers) {
+                nodeFrontier.page.releaseWriteLatch();
+                bufferCache.unpin(nodeFrontier.page);
+            }
+            releasedLatches = true;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void end() throws HyracksDataException {
+            // copy the root generated from the bulk-load to *the* root page location
+            ICachedPage newRoot = bufferCache.pin(BufferedFileHandle.getDiskPageId(fileId, rootPage), true);
+            newRoot.acquireWriteLatch();
+            NodeFrontier lastNodeFrontier = nodeFrontiers.get(nodeFrontiers.size() - 1);
+            try {
+                System.arraycopy(lastNodeFrontier.page.getBuffer().array(), 0, newRoot.getBuffer().array(), 0,
+                        lastNodeFrontier.page.getBuffer().capacity());
+            } finally {
+                newRoot.releaseWriteLatch();
+                bufferCache.unpin(newRoot);
+
+                // register old root as a free page
+                freePageManager.addFreePage(metaFrame, lastNodeFrontier.pageId);
+
+                if (!releasedLatches) {
+                    for (int i = 0; i < nodeFrontiers.size(); i++) {
+                        nodeFrontiers.get(i).page.releaseWriteLatch();
+                        bufferCache.unpin(nodeFrontiers.get(i).page);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected void addLevel() throws HyracksDataException {
+            NodeFrontier frontier = new NodeFrontier(tupleWriter.createTupleReference());
+            frontier.pageId = freePageManager.getFreePage(metaFrame);
+            frontier.page = bufferCache.pin(BufferedFileHandle.getDiskPageId(fileId, frontier.pageId), true);
+            frontier.page.acquireWriteLatch();
+            frontier.lastTuple.setFieldCount(cmp.getKeyFieldCount());
+            interiorFrame.setPage(frontier.page);
+            interiorFrame.initBuffer((byte) nodeFrontiers.size());
+            nodeFrontiers.add(frontier);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class TreeIndexInsertBulkLoader implements IIndexBulkLoader {
+        ITreeIndexAccessor accessor;
+
+        public TreeIndexInsertBulkLoader() throws HyracksDataException {
+            accessor = (ITreeIndexAccessor) createAccessor(NoOpOperationCallback.INSTANCE,
+                    NoOpOperationCallback.INSTANCE);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void add(ITupleReference tuple) throws HyracksDataException {
+            try {
+                accessor.insert(tuple);
+            } catch (IndexException e) {
+                throw new HyracksDataException(e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void end() throws HyracksDataException {
+            // do nothing
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long getMemoryAllocationSize() {
+        return 0;
+    }
 }