diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/optimizer/rules/IntroduceSecondaryIndexInsertDeleteRule.java b/asterixdb/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/optimizer/rules/IntroduceSecondaryIndexInsertDeleteRule.java
index 8de6b59..a39c84b 100644
--- a/asterixdb/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/optimizer/rules/IntroduceSecondaryIndexInsertDeleteRule.java
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/optimizer/rules/IntroduceSecondaryIndexInsertDeleteRule.java
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@
                 Mutable<ILogicalExpression> filterExpression = (primaryIndexModificationOp
                         .getOperation() == Kind.UPSERT) ? null
                                 : createFilterExpression(secondaryKeyVars, context.getOutputTypeEnvironment(currentTop),
-                                        index.isEnforcingKeyFields());
+                                        index.isOverridingKeyFieldTypes());
                 DataSourceIndex dataSourceIndex = new DataSourceIndex(index, dataverseName, datasetName, mp);
 
                 // Introduce the TokenizeOperator only when doing bulk-load,
@@ -572,8 +572,8 @@
                     AbstractFunctionCallExpression fieldAccessFunc = getOpenOrNestedFieldAccessFunction(varRef,
                             indexFieldId.fieldName);
                     // create cast
-                    theFieldAccessFunc = new ScalarFunctionCallExpression(
-                            FunctionUtil.getFunctionInfo(BuiltinFunctions.CAST_TYPE));
+                    theFieldAccessFunc = new ScalarFunctionCallExpression(FunctionUtil.getFunctionInfo(
+                            index.isEnforced() ? BuiltinFunctions.CAST_TYPE : BuiltinFunctions.CAST_TYPE_LAX));
                     // The first argument is the field
                     theFieldAccessFunc.getArguments().add(new MutableObject<ILogicalExpression>(fieldAccessFunc));
                     TypeCastUtils.setRequiredAndInputTypes(theFieldAccessFunc, skTypes.get(i), BuiltinType.ANY);
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/AccessMethodUtils.java b/asterixdb/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/AccessMethodUtils.java
index 48367a7..b4b83e5 100644
--- a/asterixdb/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/AccessMethodUtils.java
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/AccessMethodUtils.java
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@
      *
      * @throws AlgebricksException
      */
-    public static Pair<ILogicalExpression, Boolean> createSearchKeyExpr(IOptimizableFuncExpr optFuncExpr,
+    public static Pair<ILogicalExpression, Boolean> createSearchKeyExpr(Index index, IOptimizableFuncExpr optFuncExpr,
             OptimizableOperatorSubTree indexSubTree, OptimizableOperatorSubTree probeSubTree)
             throws AlgebricksException {
         if (probeSubTree == null) {
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@
             if (constantValueTag != fieldType.getTypeTag() && constantValue != null) {
                 try {
                     replacedConstantValue = ATypeHierarchy.getAsterixConstantValueFromNumericTypeObject(
-                            constantValue.getObject(), fieldType.getTypeTag(), true);
+                            constantValue.getObject(), fieldType.getTypeTag(), index.isEnforced());
                 } catch (HyracksDataException e) {
                     throw new AlgebricksException(e);
                 }
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/BTreeAccessMethod.java b/asterixdb/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/BTreeAccessMethod.java
index 0f6012f..189f238 100644
--- a/asterixdb/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/BTreeAccessMethod.java
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/BTreeAccessMethod.java
@@ -38,6 +38,9 @@
 import org.apache.asterix.metadata.entities.Index;
 import org.apache.asterix.om.functions.BuiltinFunctions;
 import org.apache.asterix.om.types.ARecordType;
+import org.apache.asterix.om.types.AUnionType;
+import org.apache.asterix.om.types.IAType;
+import org.apache.asterix.om.utils.NonTaggedFormatUtil;
 import org.apache.asterix.optimizer.rules.util.EquivalenceClassUtils;
 import org.apache.commons.lang3.mutable.Mutable;
 import org.apache.commons.lang3.mutable.MutableObject;
@@ -259,11 +262,6 @@
         BitSet setHighKeys = new BitSet(numSecondaryKeys);
         // Go through the func exprs listed as optimizable by the chosen index,
         // and formulate a range predicate on the secondary-index keys.
-
-        // checks whether a type casting happened from a real (FLOAT, DOUBLE) value to an INT value
-        // since we have a round issues when dealing with LT(<) OR GT(>) operator.
-        boolean realTypeConvertedToIntegerType;
-
         for (Pair<Integer, Integer> exprIndex : exprAndVarList) {
             // Position of the field of matchedFuncExprs.get(exprIndex) in the chosen index's indexed exprs.
             IOptimizableFuncExpr optFuncExpr = analysisCtx.getMatchedFuncExpr(exprIndex.first);
@@ -276,35 +274,24 @@
                 throw CompilationException.create(ErrorCode.NO_INDEX_FIELD_NAME_FOR_GIVEN_FUNC_EXPR);
             }
             Pair<ILogicalExpression, Boolean> returnedSearchKeyExpr =
-                    AccessMethodUtils.createSearchKeyExpr(optFuncExpr, indexSubTree, probeSubTree);
+                    AccessMethodUtils.createSearchKeyExpr(chosenIndex, optFuncExpr, indexSubTree, probeSubTree);
             ILogicalExpression searchKeyExpr = returnedSearchKeyExpr.first;
             if (searchKeyExpr.getExpressionTag() == LogicalExpressionTag.FUNCTION_CALL) {
                 constantAtRuntimeExpressions[keyPos] = searchKeyExpr;
                 constAtRuntimeExprVars[keyPos] = context.newVar();
                 searchKeyExpr = new VariableReferenceExpression(constAtRuntimeExprVars[keyPos]);
-
             }
-            realTypeConvertedToIntegerType = returnedSearchKeyExpr.second;
 
             LimitType limit = getLimitType(optFuncExpr, probeSubTree);
+            if (limit == null) {
+                return null;
+            }
 
-            // If a DOUBLE or FLOAT constant is converted to an INT type value,
-            // we need to check a corner case where two real values are located between an INT value.
-            // For example, for the following query,
-            //
-            // for $emp in dataset empDataset
-            // where $emp.age > double("2.3") and $emp.age < double("3.3")
-            // return $emp.id
-            //
-            // It should generate a result if there is a tuple that satisfies the condition, which is 3,
-            // however, it does not generate the desired result since finding candidates
-            // fail after truncating the fraction part (there is no INT whose value is greater than 2 and less than 3.)
-            //
-            // Therefore, we convert LT(<) to LE(<=) and GT(>) to GE(>=) to find candidates.
-            // This does not change the result of an actual comparison since this conversion is only applied
-            // for finding candidates from an index.
-            //
-            if (realTypeConvertedToIntegerType) {
+            // checks whether a type casting happened from a real (FLOAT, DOUBLE) value to an INT value
+            // since we have a round issues when dealing with LT(<) OR GT(>) operator.
+            boolean realTypeConvertedToIntegerType = returnedSearchKeyExpr.second;
+
+            if (relaxLimitTypeToInclusive(chosenIndex, keyPos, realTypeConvertedToIntegerType)) {
                 if (limit == LimitType.HIGH_EXCLUSIVE) {
                     limit = LimitType.HIGH_INCLUSIVE;
                 } else if (limit == LimitType.LOW_EXCLUSIVE) {
@@ -717,6 +704,50 @@
         return limit;
     }
 
+    private boolean relaxLimitTypeToInclusive(Index chosenIndex, int keyPos, boolean realTypeConvertedToIntegerType) {
+        // If a DOUBLE or FLOAT constant is converted to an INT type value,
+        // we need to check a corner case where two real values are located between an INT value.
+        // For example, for the following query,
+        //
+        // for $emp in dataset empDataset
+        // where $emp.age > double("2.3") and $emp.age < double("3.3")
+        // return $emp.id
+        //
+        // It should generate a result if there is a tuple that satisfies the condition, which is 3,
+        // however, it does not generate the desired result since finding candidates
+        // fail after truncating the fraction part (there is no INT whose value is greater than 2 and less than 3.)
+        //
+        // Therefore, we convert LT(<) to LE(<=) and GT(>) to GE(>=) to find candidates.
+        // This does not change the result of an actual comparison since this conversion is only applied
+        // for finding candidates from an index.
+        //
+        // We also need to do this for a non-enforced index that overrides key field type (for a numeric type)
+
+        if (realTypeConvertedToIntegerType) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (chosenIndex.isOverridingKeyFieldTypes() && !chosenIndex.isEnforced()) {
+            IAType indexedKeyType = chosenIndex.getKeyFieldTypes().get(keyPos);
+            if (NonTaggedFormatUtil.isOptional(indexedKeyType)) {
+                indexedKeyType = ((AUnionType) indexedKeyType).getActualType();
+            }
+            switch (indexedKeyType.getTypeTag()) {
+                case TINYINT:
+                case SMALLINT:
+                case INTEGER:
+                case BIGINT:
+                case FLOAT:
+                case DOUBLE:
+                    return true;
+                default:
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
     private boolean probeIsOnLhs(IOptimizableFuncExpr optFuncExpr, OptimizableOperatorSubTree probeSubTree) {
         if (probeSubTree == null) {
             if (optFuncExpr.getConstantExpressions().length == 0) {
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/IntroduceJoinAccessMethodRule.java b/asterixdb/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/IntroduceJoinAccessMethodRule.java
index 7fc7902..d16eb18 100644
--- a/asterixdb/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/IntroduceJoinAccessMethodRule.java
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/IntroduceJoinAccessMethodRule.java
@@ -192,6 +192,25 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Removes non-enforced indexes on open types
+     */
+    protected void pruneIndexCandidatesOpenNonEnforced(Map<IAccessMethod, AccessMethodAnalysisContext> analyzedAMs) {
+        for (Map.Entry<IAccessMethod, AccessMethodAnalysisContext> entry : analyzedAMs.entrySet()) {
+            AccessMethodAnalysisContext amCtx = entry.getValue();
+
+            // Fetch index
+            Iterator<Map.Entry<Index, List<Pair<Integer, Integer>>>> indexIt = amCtx.getIteratorForIndexExprsAndVars();
+
+            while (indexIt.hasNext()) {
+                Index index = indexIt.next().getKey();
+                if (index.isOverridingKeyFieldTypes() && !index.isEnforced()) {
+                    indexIt.remove();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Checks whether the given operator is LEFTOUTERJOIN.
      * If so, also checks that GROUPBY is placed after LEFTOUTERJOIN.
      */
@@ -347,6 +366,9 @@
                 // Remove the indexes from the outer branch in the optimizer's consideration list for this rule.
                 pruneIndexCandidatesFromOuterBranch(analyzedAMs);
 
+                // Remove non-enforced indexes on open types as they currently can't be used with joins
+                pruneIndexCandidatesOpenNonEnforced(analyzedAMs);
+
                 // We are going to use indexes from the inner branch.
                 // If no index is available, then we stop here.
                 Pair<IAccessMethod, Index> chosenIndex = chooseBestIndex(analyzedAMs);
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/InvertedIndexAccessMethod.java b/asterixdb/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/InvertedIndexAccessMethod.java
index 2b6a369..725de12 100644
--- a/asterixdb/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/InvertedIndexAccessMethod.java
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/InvertedIndexAccessMethod.java
@@ -698,7 +698,7 @@
         // Create select ops for removing tuples that are filterable and not filterable, respectively.
         IVariableTypeEnvironment probeTypeEnv = context.getOutputTypeEnvironment(probeSubTree.getRoot());
         IAType inputSearchVarType;
-        if (chosenIndex.isEnforcingKeyFields()) {
+        if (chosenIndex.isEnforced()) {
             inputSearchVarType = optFuncExpr.getFieldType(optFuncExpr.findLogicalVar(inputSearchVar));
         } else {
             inputSearchVarType = (IAType) probeTypeEnv.getVarType(inputSearchVar);
@@ -946,7 +946,7 @@
     }
 
     private boolean isEditDistanceFuncJoinOptimizable(Index index, IOptimizableFuncExpr optFuncExpr) {
-        if (index.isEnforcingKeyFields()) {
+        if (index.isEnforced()) {
             return isEditDistanceFuncCompatible(index.getKeyFieldTypes().get(0).getTypeTag(), index.getIndexType());
         } else {
             return isEditDistanceFuncCompatible(optFuncExpr.getFieldType(0).getTypeTag(), index.getIndexType());
@@ -1089,7 +1089,7 @@
     }
 
     private boolean isFullTextContainsFuncJoinOptimizable(Index index, IOptimizableFuncExpr optFuncExpr) {
-        if (index.isEnforcingKeyFields()) {
+        if (index.isEnforced()) {
             return isFullTextContainsFuncCompatible(index.getKeyFieldTypes().get(0).getTypeTag(), index.getIndexType());
         } else {
             return isFullTextContainsFuncCompatible(optFuncExpr.getFieldType(0).getTypeTag(), index.getIndexType());
@@ -1190,7 +1190,7 @@
     }
 
     private boolean isContainsFuncJoinOptimizable(Index index, IOptimizableFuncExpr optFuncExpr) {
-        if (index.isEnforcingKeyFields()) {
+        if (index.isEnforced()) {
             return isContainsFuncCompatible(index.getKeyFieldTypes().get(0).getTypeTag(), index.getIndexType());
         } else {
             return isContainsFuncCompatible(optFuncExpr.getFieldType(0).getTypeTag(), index.getIndexType());
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/RTreeAccessMethod.java b/asterixdb/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/RTreeAccessMethod.java
index fe2827e..4d219a7 100644
--- a/asterixdb/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/RTreeAccessMethod.java
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/optimizer/rules/am/RTreeAccessMethod.java
@@ -207,8 +207,8 @@
         ArrayList<LogicalVariable> keyVarList = new ArrayList<>();
         // List of expressions for the assign.
         ArrayList<Mutable<ILogicalExpression>> keyExprList = new ArrayList<>();
-        Pair<ILogicalExpression, Boolean> returnedSearchKeyExpr = AccessMethodUtils.createSearchKeyExpr(optFuncExpr,
-                indexSubTree, probeSubTree);
+        Pair<ILogicalExpression, Boolean> returnedSearchKeyExpr =
+                AccessMethodUtils.createSearchKeyExpr(chosenIndex, optFuncExpr, indexSubTree, probeSubTree);
         ILogicalExpression searchKeyExpr = returnedSearchKeyExpr.first;
 
         for (int i = 0; i < numSecondaryKeys; i++) {
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/translator/LangExpressionToPlanTranslator.java b/asterixdb/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/translator/LangExpressionToPlanTranslator.java
index d5e01a4..8258d51 100644
--- a/asterixdb/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/translator/LangExpressionToPlanTranslator.java
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/translator/LangExpressionToPlanTranslator.java
@@ -181,7 +181,6 @@
             throws AlgebricksException {
         this.context = new TranslationContext(new Counter(currentVarCounterValue));
         this.metadataProvider = metadataProvider;
-        FormatUtils.getDefaultFormat().registerRuntimeFunctions(FunctionCollection.getFunctionDescriptorFactories());
     }
 
     // Keeps the given Counter if one is provided instead of a value.
@@ -189,7 +188,6 @@
             throws AlgebricksException {
         this.context = new TranslationContext(currentVarCounter);
         this.metadataProvider = metadataProvider;
-        FormatUtils.getDefaultFormat().registerRuntimeFunctions(FunctionCollection.getFunctionDescriptorFactories());
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/api/common/APIFramework.java b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/api/common/APIFramework.java
index 583302b..744f99c 100644
--- a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/api/common/APIFramework.java
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/api/common/APIFramework.java
@@ -62,12 +62,14 @@
 import org.apache.asterix.lang.common.util.FunctionUtil;
 import org.apache.asterix.metadata.declared.MetadataProvider;
 import org.apache.asterix.optimizer.base.FuzzyUtils;
+import org.apache.asterix.runtime.formats.FormatUtils;
 import org.apache.asterix.runtime.job.listener.JobEventListenerFactory;
 import org.apache.asterix.transaction.management.service.transaction.JobIdFactory;
 import org.apache.asterix.translator.CompiledStatements.ICompiledDmlStatement;
 import org.apache.asterix.translator.IStatementExecutor.Stats;
 import org.apache.asterix.translator.SessionConfig;
 import org.apache.asterix.translator.SessionOutput;
+import org.apache.asterix.translator.util.FunctionCollection;
 import org.apache.asterix.utils.ResourceUtils;
 import org.apache.hyracks.algebricks.common.constraints.AlgebricksAbsolutePartitionConstraint;
 import org.apache.hyracks.algebricks.common.constraints.AlgebricksPartitionConstraint;
@@ -133,6 +135,10 @@
         this.ruleSetFactory = compilationProvider.getRuleSetFactory();
     }
 
+    static {
+        FormatUtils.getDefaultFormat().registerRuntimeFunctions(FunctionCollection.getFunctionDescriptorFactories());
+    }
+
     private static class OptimizationContextFactory implements IOptimizationContextFactory {
 
         public static final OptimizationContextFactory INSTANCE = new OptimizationContextFactory();
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/app/translator/QueryTranslator.java b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/app/translator/QueryTranslator.java
index 7ce9df6..65268b1 100644
--- a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/app/translator/QueryTranslator.java
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/app/translator/QueryTranslator.java
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@
 import org.apache.asterix.lang.common.base.IRewriterFactory;
 import org.apache.asterix.lang.common.base.IStatementRewriter;
 import org.apache.asterix.lang.common.base.Statement;
-import org.apache.asterix.lang.common.expression.TypeExpression;
+import org.apache.asterix.lang.common.expression.IndexedTypeExpression;
 import org.apache.asterix.lang.common.statement.CompactStatement;
 import org.apache.asterix.lang.common.statement.ConnectFeedStatement;
 import org.apache.asterix.lang.common.statement.CreateDataverseStatement;
@@ -777,7 +777,8 @@
             List<List<String>> indexFields = new ArrayList<>();
             List<IAType> indexFieldTypes = new ArrayList<>();
             int keyIndex = 0;
-            for (Pair<List<String>, TypeExpression> fieldExpr : stmtCreateIndex.getFieldExprs()) {
+            boolean overridesFieldTypes = false;
+            for (Pair<List<String>, IndexedTypeExpression> fieldExpr : stmtCreateIndex.getFieldExprs()) {
                 IAType fieldType = null;
                 ARecordType subType =
                         KeyFieldTypeUtil.chooseSource(keySourceIndicators, keyIndex, aRecordType, metaRecordType);
@@ -793,9 +794,13 @@
                 if (fieldExpr.second == null) {
                     fieldType = subType.getSubFieldType(fieldExpr.first.subList(i, fieldExpr.first.size()));
                 } else {
-                    if (!stmtCreateIndex.isEnforced()) {
-                        throw new AlgebricksException("Cannot create typed index on \"" + fieldExpr.first
-                                + "\" field without enforcing it's type");
+                    if (!stmtCreateIndex.isEnforced() && stmtCreateIndex.getIndexType() != IndexType.BTREE) {
+                        throw new AsterixException(ErrorCode.INDEX_ILLEGAL_NON_ENFORCED_TYPED,
+                                stmtCreateIndex.getIndexType());
+                    }
+                    if (stmtCreateIndex.isEnforced() && !fieldExpr.second.isUnknownable()) {
+                        throw new AsterixException(ErrorCode.INDEX_ILLEGAL_ENFORCED_NON_OPTIONAL,
+                                String.valueOf(fieldExpr.first));
                     }
                     if (!isOpen) {
                         throw new AlgebricksException("Typed index on \"" + fieldExpr.first
@@ -805,9 +810,10 @@
                         throw new AlgebricksException("Typed open index can only be created on the record part");
                     }
                     Map<TypeSignature, IAType> typeMap =
-                            TypeTranslator.computeTypes(mdTxnCtx, fieldExpr.second, indexName, dataverseName);
+                            TypeTranslator.computeTypes(mdTxnCtx, fieldExpr.second.getType(), indexName, dataverseName);
                     TypeSignature typeSignature = new TypeSignature(dataverseName, indexName);
                     fieldType = typeMap.get(typeSignature);
+                    overridesFieldTypes = true;
                 }
                 if (fieldType == null) {
                     throw new AlgebricksException(
@@ -819,8 +825,8 @@
                 ++keyIndex;
             }
 
-            ValidateUtil.validateKeyFields(aRecordType, metaRecordType, indexFields, keySourceIndicators,
-                    indexFieldTypes, stmtCreateIndex.getIndexType());
+            validateIndexKeyFields(stmtCreateIndex, keySourceIndicators, aRecordType, metaRecordType, indexFields,
+                    indexFieldTypes);
 
             if (index != null) {
                 if (stmtCreateIndex.getIfNotExists()) {
@@ -892,7 +898,7 @@
                     // Add an entry for the files index
                     filesIndex = new Index(dataverseName, datasetName, IndexingConstants.getFilesIndexName(datasetName),
                             IndexType.BTREE, ExternalIndexingOperations.FILE_INDEX_FIELD_NAMES, null,
-                            ExternalIndexingOperations.FILE_INDEX_FIELD_TYPES, false, false,
+                            ExternalIndexingOperations.FILE_INDEX_FIELD_TYPES, overridesFieldTypes, false, false,
                             MetadataUtil.PENDING_ADD_OP);
                     MetadataManager.INSTANCE.addIndex(metadataProvider.getMetadataTxnContext(), filesIndex);
                     // Add files to the external files index
@@ -918,7 +924,7 @@
                 for (Index existingIndex : indexes) {
                     if (existingIndex.getKeyFieldNames().equals(indexFields)
                             && !existingIndex.getKeyFieldTypes().equals(indexFieldTypes)
-                            && existingIndex.isEnforcingKeyFields()) {
+                            && existingIndex.isEnforced()) {
                         throw new CompilationException("Cannot create index " + indexName + " , enforced index "
                                 + existingIndex.getIndexName() + " on field \"" + StringUtils.join(indexFields, ',')
                                 + "\" is already defined with type \"" + existingIndex.getKeyFieldTypes() + "\"");
@@ -928,8 +934,8 @@
 
             // #. add a new index with PendingAddOp
             index = new Index(dataverseName, datasetName, indexName, stmtCreateIndex.getIndexType(), indexFields,
-                    keySourceIndicators, indexFieldTypes, stmtCreateIndex.getGramLength(), stmtCreateIndex.isEnforced(),
-                    false, MetadataUtil.PENDING_ADD_OP);
+                    keySourceIndicators, indexFieldTypes, stmtCreateIndex.getGramLength(), overridesFieldTypes,
+                    stmtCreateIndex.isEnforced(),false, MetadataUtil.PENDING_ADD_OP);
             MetadataManager.INSTANCE.addIndex(metadataProvider.getMetadataTxnContext(), index);
 
             // #. prepare to create the index artifact in NC.
@@ -1071,6 +1077,13 @@
         }
     }
 
+    protected void validateIndexKeyFields(CreateIndexStatement stmtCreateIndex, List<Integer> keySourceIndicators,
+            ARecordType aRecordType, ARecordType metaRecordType, List<List<String>> indexFields,
+            List<IAType> indexFieldTypes) throws AlgebricksException {
+        ValidateUtil.validateKeyFields(aRecordType, metaRecordType, indexFields, keySourceIndicators,
+                indexFieldTypes, stmtCreateIndex.getIndexType());
+    }
+
     protected void handleCreateTypeStatement(MetadataProvider metadataProvider, Statement stmt) throws Exception {
         TypeDecl stmtCreateType = (TypeDecl) stmt;
         String dataverseName = getActiveDataverse(stmtCreateType.getDataverseName());
@@ -1404,7 +1417,8 @@
                 MetadataManager.INSTANCE.addIndex(mdTxnCtx,
                         new Index(dataverseName, datasetName, indexName, index.getIndexType(), index.getKeyFieldNames(),
                                 index.getKeyFieldSourceIndicators(), index.getKeyFieldTypes(),
-                                index.isEnforcingKeyFields(), index.isPrimaryIndex(), MetadataUtil.PENDING_DROP_OP));
+                                index.isOverridingKeyFieldTypes(), index.isEnforced(), index.isPrimaryIndex(),
+                                MetadataUtil.PENDING_DROP_OP));
 
                 // #. commit the existing transaction before calling runJob.
                 MetadataManager.INSTANCE.commitTransaction(mdTxnCtx);
@@ -1454,8 +1468,8 @@
                                     new Index(dataverseName, datasetName, externalIndex.getIndexName(),
                                             externalIndex.getIndexType(), externalIndex.getKeyFieldNames(),
                                             externalIndex.getKeyFieldSourceIndicators(), index.getKeyFieldTypes(),
-                                            index.isEnforcingKeyFields(), externalIndex.isPrimaryIndex(),
-                                            MetadataUtil.PENDING_DROP_OP));
+                                            index.isOverridingKeyFieldTypes(), index.isEnforced(),
+                                            externalIndex.isPrimaryIndex(), MetadataUtil.PENDING_DROP_OP));
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -1465,7 +1479,8 @@
                 MetadataManager.INSTANCE.addIndex(mdTxnCtx,
                         new Index(dataverseName, datasetName, indexName, index.getIndexType(), index.getKeyFieldNames(),
                                 index.getKeyFieldSourceIndicators(), index.getKeyFieldTypes(),
-                                index.isEnforcingKeyFields(), index.isPrimaryIndex(), MetadataUtil.PENDING_DROP_OP));
+                                index.isOverridingKeyFieldTypes(), index.isEnforced(), index.isPrimaryIndex(),
+                                MetadataUtil.PENDING_DROP_OP));
 
                 // #. commit the existing transaction before calling runJob.
                 MetadataManager.INSTANCE.commitTransaction(mdTxnCtx);
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/java/org/apache/asterix/app/bootstrap/TestNodeController.java b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/java/org/apache/asterix/app/bootstrap/TestNodeController.java
index 8c1ce4e..99892c5 100644
--- a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/java/org/apache/asterix/app/bootstrap/TestNodeController.java
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/java/org/apache/asterix/app/bootstrap/TestNodeController.java
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@
                 keyFieldNames.add(Arrays.asList(fieldNames[primaryKeyIndexes[i]]));
             }
             index = new Index(dataset.getDataverseName(), dataset.getDatasetName(), dataset.getDatasetName(),
-                    IndexType.BTREE, keyFieldNames, keyFieldSourceIndicators, keyFieldTypes, false, true,
+                    IndexType.BTREE, keyFieldNames, keyFieldSourceIndicators, keyFieldTypes, false, false, true,
                     MetadataUtil.PENDING_NO_OP);
             List<String> nodes = Collections.singletonList(ExecutionTestUtil.integrationUtil.ncs[0].getId());
             FileSplit[] splits = SplitsAndConstraintsUtil.getIndexSplits(dataset, index.getIndexName(), nodes);
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-04.sqlpp b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-04.sqlpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d804b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-04.sqlpp
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+ /*
+  *  Description     : BTree non-enforced index verification test
+  *                  : Test that the secondary non-enforced BTree index is used
+  *  Expected Result : Success
+  *  Date            : 12th Jun 2017
+  */
+
+drop dataverse test if exists;
+create dataverse test;
+use test;
+
+write output to asterix_nc1:"rttest/btree-index-non-enforced_btree-index-non-enforced-04.adm"
+
+create type TestOpenType as open {
+  c_id: int64
+}
+
+create dataset TestOpen(TestOpenType)
+primary key c_id;
+
+create index idx_s on TestOpen(c_s:string);
+
+select t.c_x as res
+from TestOpen t
+where t.c_s = 'world'
+order by t.c_x;
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-05.sqlpp b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-05.sqlpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2818002
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-05.sqlpp
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+ /*
+  *  Description     : BTree non-enforced index verification test
+  *                  : Test that the secondary non-enforced BTree index is used
+  *  Expected Result : Success
+  *  Date            : 12th Jun 2017
+  */
+
+drop dataverse test if exists;
+create dataverse test;
+use test;
+
+write output to asterix_nc1:"rttest/btree-index-non-enforced_btree-index-non-enforced-05.adm"
+
+create type TestOpenType as open {
+  c_id: int64
+}
+
+create dataset TestOpen(TestOpenType)
+primary key c_id;
+
+create index idx_i64 on TestOpen(c_i64:int64);
+
+select t.c_x as res
+from TestOpen t
+where t.c_i64 = 2
+order by t.c_x;
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-06.sqlpp b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-06.sqlpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bff919
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-06.sqlpp
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+ /*
+  *  Description     : BTree non-enforced index verification test
+  *                  : Test that the secondary non-enforced BTree index is used
+  *  Expected Result : Success
+  *  Date            : 12th Jun 2017
+  */
+
+drop dataverse test if exists;
+create dataverse test;
+use test;
+
+write output to asterix_nc1:"rttest/btree-index-non-enforced_btree-index-non-enforced-06.adm"
+
+create type TestOpenType as open {
+  c_id: int64
+}
+
+create dataset TestOpen(TestOpenType)
+primary key c_id;
+
+create index idx_i64 on TestOpen(c_i64:int64);
+
+select t.c_x as res
+from TestOpen t
+where t.c_i64 > 2
+order by t.c_x;
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-07.sqlpp b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-07.sqlpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe78300
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-07.sqlpp
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+ /*
+  *  Description     : BTree non-enforced index verification test
+  *                  : Test that the secondary non-enforced BTree index is used
+  *  Expected Result : Success
+  *  Date            : 12th Jun 2017
+  */
+
+drop dataverse test if exists;
+create dataverse test;
+use test;
+
+write output to asterix_nc1:"rttest/btree-index-non-enforced_btree-index-non-enforced-07.adm"
+
+create type TestOpenType as open {
+  c_id: int64
+}
+
+create dataset TestOpen(TestOpenType)
+primary key c_id;
+
+create index idx_i64 on TestOpen(c_i64:int64);
+
+select t.c_x as res
+from TestOpen t
+where t.c_i64 > 2.0
+order by t.c_x;
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-08.sqlpp b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-08.sqlpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0116c95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-08.sqlpp
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+ /*
+  *  Description     : BTree non-enforced index verification test
+  *                  : Test that the secondary non-enforced BTree index is used
+  *  Expected Result : Success
+  *  Date            : 12th Jun 2017
+  */
+
+drop dataverse test if exists;
+create dataverse test;
+use test;
+
+write output to asterix_nc1:"rttest/btree-index-non-enforced_btree-index-non-enforced-08.adm"
+
+create type TestOpenType as open {
+  c_id: int64
+}
+
+create dataset TestOpen(TestOpenType)
+primary key c_id;
+
+create index idx_i8 on TestOpen(c_i8:int8);
+
+select t.c_x as res
+from TestOpen t
+where t.c_i8 > 2
+order by t.c_x;
+
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-09.sqlpp b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-09.sqlpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c39be5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-09.sqlpp
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+ /*
+  *  Description     : BTree non-enforced index verification test
+  *                  : Test that the secondary non-enforced BTree index is used
+  *  Expected Result : Success
+  *  Date            : 12th Jun 2017
+  */
+
+drop dataverse test if exists;
+create dataverse test;
+use test;
+
+write output to asterix_nc1:"rttest/btree-index-non-enforced_btree-index-non-enforced-09.adm"
+
+create type TestOpenType as open {
+  c_id: int64
+}
+
+create dataset TestOpen(TestOpenType)
+primary key c_id;
+
+create index idx_i8 on TestOpen(c_i8:int8);
+
+select t.c_x as res
+from TestOpen t
+where t.c_i8 > 2.5
+order by t.c_x;
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-10.sqlpp b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-10.sqlpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3519ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-10.sqlpp
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+ /*
+  *  Description     : BTree non-enforced index verification test
+  *                  : Test that the secondary non-enforced BTree index is used
+  *  Expected Result : Success
+  *  Date            : 12th Jun 2017
+  */
+
+drop dataverse test if exists;
+create dataverse test;
+use test;
+
+write output to asterix_nc1:"rttest/btree-index-non-enforced_btree-index-non-enforced-10.adm"
+
+create type TestOpenType as open {
+  c_id: int64
+}
+
+create dataset TestOpen(TestOpenType)
+primary key c_id;
+
+create index idx_d on TestOpen(c_d:double);
+
+select t.c_x as res
+from TestOpen t
+where t.c_d >= 3.25
+order by t.c_x;
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-11.sqlpp b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-11.sqlpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0032524
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/queries/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-11.sqlpp
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+ /*
+  *  Description     : BTree non-enforced index verification test
+  *                  : Test that the secondary non-enforced BTree index is used
+  *  Expected Result : Success
+  *  Date            : 12th Jun 2017
+  */
+
+drop dataverse test if exists;
+create dataverse test;
+use test;
+
+write output to asterix_nc1:"rttest/btree-index-non-enforced_btree-index-non-enforced-11.adm"
+
+create type TestOpenType as open {
+  c_id: int64
+}
+
+create dataset TestOpen(TestOpenType)
+primary key c_id;
+
+create index idx_i8 on TestOpen(c_i8:int8);
+
+select t.c_x as res
+from TestOpen t
+where t.c_i8 > 499 and t.c_i8 < 99999
+order by t.c_x;
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-04.plan b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-04.plan
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..459286e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-04.plan
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+-- DISTRIBUTE_RESULT  |PARTITIONED|
+  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+    -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+      -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+        -- SORT_MERGE_EXCHANGE [$$11(ASC) ]  |PARTITIONED|
+          -- STABLE_SORT [$$11(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+            -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+              -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                -- STREAM_SELECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                  -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                    -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                      -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                        -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                          -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                            -- STABLE_SORT [$$16(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+                              -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                    -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                                      -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                        -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                          -- EMPTY_TUPLE_SOURCE  |PARTITIONED|
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-05.plan b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-05.plan
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..459286e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-05.plan
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+-- DISTRIBUTE_RESULT  |PARTITIONED|
+  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+    -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+      -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+        -- SORT_MERGE_EXCHANGE [$$11(ASC) ]  |PARTITIONED|
+          -- STABLE_SORT [$$11(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+            -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+              -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                -- STREAM_SELECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                  -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                    -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                      -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                        -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                          -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                            -- STABLE_SORT [$$16(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+                              -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                    -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                                      -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                        -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                          -- EMPTY_TUPLE_SOURCE  |PARTITIONED|
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-06.plan b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-06.plan
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01c6a30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-06.plan
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+-- DISTRIBUTE_RESULT  |PARTITIONED|
+  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+    -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+      -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+        -- SORT_MERGE_EXCHANGE [$$11(ASC) ]  |PARTITIONED|
+          -- STABLE_SORT [$$11(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+            -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+              -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                -- STREAM_SELECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                  -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                    -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                      -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                        -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                          -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                            -- STABLE_SORT [$$15(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+                              -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                    -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                                      -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                        -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                          -- EMPTY_TUPLE_SOURCE  |PARTITIONED|
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-07.plan b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-07.plan
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01c6a30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-07.plan
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+-- DISTRIBUTE_RESULT  |PARTITIONED|
+  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+    -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+      -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+        -- SORT_MERGE_EXCHANGE [$$11(ASC) ]  |PARTITIONED|
+          -- STABLE_SORT [$$11(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+            -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+              -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                -- STREAM_SELECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                  -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                    -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                      -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                        -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                          -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                            -- STABLE_SORT [$$15(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+                              -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                    -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                                      -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                        -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                          -- EMPTY_TUPLE_SOURCE  |PARTITIONED|
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-08.plan b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-08.plan
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01c6a30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-08.plan
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+-- DISTRIBUTE_RESULT  |PARTITIONED|
+  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+    -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+      -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+        -- SORT_MERGE_EXCHANGE [$$11(ASC) ]  |PARTITIONED|
+          -- STABLE_SORT [$$11(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+            -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+              -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                -- STREAM_SELECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                  -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                    -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                      -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                        -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                          -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                            -- STABLE_SORT [$$15(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+                              -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                    -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                                      -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                        -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                          -- EMPTY_TUPLE_SOURCE  |PARTITIONED|
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-09.plan b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-09.plan
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01c6a30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-09.plan
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+-- DISTRIBUTE_RESULT  |PARTITIONED|
+  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+    -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+      -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+        -- SORT_MERGE_EXCHANGE [$$11(ASC) ]  |PARTITIONED|
+          -- STABLE_SORT [$$11(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+            -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+              -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                -- STREAM_SELECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                  -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                    -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                      -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                        -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                          -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                            -- STABLE_SORT [$$15(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+                              -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                    -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                                      -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                        -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                          -- EMPTY_TUPLE_SOURCE  |PARTITIONED|
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-10.plan b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-10.plan
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01c6a30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-10.plan
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+-- DISTRIBUTE_RESULT  |PARTITIONED|
+  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+    -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+      -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+        -- SORT_MERGE_EXCHANGE [$$11(ASC) ]  |PARTITIONED|
+          -- STABLE_SORT [$$11(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+            -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+              -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                -- STREAM_SELECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                  -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                    -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                      -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                        -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                          -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                            -- STABLE_SORT [$$15(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+                              -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                    -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                                      -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                        -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                          -- EMPTY_TUPLE_SOURCE  |PARTITIONED|
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-11.plan b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-11.plan
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..41da8df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/optimizerts/results/open-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced/btree-index-non-enforced-11.plan
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+-- DISTRIBUTE_RESULT  |PARTITIONED|
+  -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+    -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+      -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+        -- SORT_MERGE_EXCHANGE [$$14(ASC) ]  |PARTITIONED|
+          -- STABLE_SORT [$$14(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+            -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+              -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                -- STREAM_SELECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                  -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                    -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                      -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                        -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                          -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                            -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                              -- STABLE_SORT [$$19(ASC)]  |PARTITIONED|
+                                -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                  -- STREAM_PROJECT  |PARTITIONED|
+                                    -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                      -- BTREE_SEARCH  |PARTITIONED|
+                                        -- ONE_TO_ONE_EXCHANGE  |PARTITIONED|
+                                          -- ASSIGN  |PARTITIONED|
+                                            -- EMPTY_TUPLE_SOURCE  |PARTITIONED|
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/open-index-enforced/error-checking/missing-enforce-statement/missing-enforce-statement.1.ddl.aql b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/open-index-enforced/error-checking/missing-enforce-statement/missing-enforce-statement.1.ddl.aql
index 9e6ed67..f699b60 100644
--- a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/open-index-enforced/error-checking/missing-enforce-statement/missing-enforce-statement.1.ddl.aql
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/open-index-enforced/error-checking/missing-enforce-statement/missing-enforce-statement.1.ddl.aql
@@ -25,4 +25,4 @@
 }
 
 create dataset testDS(testType) primary key id;
-create index testIdx on testDS(value: string?);
+create index testIdx on testDS(value: point?) type rtree;
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-enforced/error-checking/missing-enforce-statement/missing-enforce-statement.1.ddl.sqlpp b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-enforced/error-checking/missing-enforce-statement/missing-enforce-statement.1.ddl.sqlpp
index f74baa3..9dc2368 100644
--- a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-enforced/error-checking/missing-enforce-statement/missing-enforce-statement.1.ddl.sqlpp
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-enforced/error-checking/missing-enforce-statement/missing-enforce-statement.1.ddl.sqlpp
@@ -30,5 +30,5 @@
 
 create  dataset testDS(testType) primary key id;
 
-create  index testIdx  on testDS (`value`:string?) type btree;
+create  index testIdx  on testDS (`value`:point?) type rtree;
 
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-join/btree-equi-join-01/btree-equi-join-01.1.ddl.sqlpp b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-join/btree-equi-join-01/btree-equi-join-01.1.ddl.sqlpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a957c0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-join/btree-equi-join-01/btree-equi-join-01.1.ddl.sqlpp
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+/*
+* Description  : Index join is currently disabled for non-enforced indexes
+* Expected Res : Success
+* Date         : 7 Jun 2017
+*/
+drop dataverse test if exists;
+create dataverse test;
+use test;
+
+create type TestOpenType as open {
+  c_id: int64
+}
+
+create dataset TestOpen1(TestOpenType)
+primary key c_id;
+
+create dataset TestOpen2(TestOpenType)
+primary key c_id;
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-join/btree-equi-join-01/btree-equi-join-01.2.update.sqlpp b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-join/btree-equi-join-01/btree-equi-join-01.2.update.sqlpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..903b769
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-join/btree-equi-join-01/btree-equi-join-01.2.update.sqlpp
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+use test;
+
+insert into TestOpen1 ({
+    "c_id": 1,
+    "c_x": 1,
+    "c_s": "hello",
+    "c_i64": 2,
+    "c_i8": 2,
+    "c_d": 2
+});
+insert into TestOpen1 ({
+    "c_id": 2,
+    "c_x": 2,
+    "c_s": 2,
+    "c_i64": "2",
+    "c_i8": 2.5,
+    "c_d": 3
+});
+insert into TestOpen1 ({
+    "c_id": 3,
+    "c_x": 3,
+    "c_s": "world",
+    "c_i64": 2,
+    "c_i8": 4,
+    "c_d": 3.125
+});
+insert into TestOpen1 ({
+    "c_id": 4,
+    "c_x": 4,
+    "c_s": null,
+    "c_i64": null,
+    "c_i8": 500,
+    "c_d": 3.25
+});
+insert into TestOpen1 ({
+    "c_id": 5,
+    "c_x": 5,
+    "c_s": "hello",
+    "c_i64": 2.25,
+    "c_i8": 10000.25,
+    "c_d": 3.5
+});
+insert into TestOpen1 ({
+    "c_id": 6,
+    "c_x": 6,
+    "c_s": false,
+    "c_i64": false,
+    "c_i8": 2e100,
+    "c_d": 2e100
+});
+insert into TestOpen1 ({
+    "c_id": 7,
+    "c_x": 7,
+    "c_s": "world",
+    "c_i64": 3
+});
+insert into TestOpen1 ({
+    "c_id": 8,
+    "c_x": 8
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-join/btree-equi-join-01/btree-equi-join-01.3.update.sqlpp b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-join/btree-equi-join-01/btree-equi-join-01.3.update.sqlpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6781d53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-join/btree-equi-join-01/btree-equi-join-01.3.update.sqlpp
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+use test;
+
+insert into TestOpen2 ({
+    "c_id": 101,
+    "c_x": 101,
+    "c_s": "hello",
+    "c_i64": 2,
+    "c_i8": 2,
+    "c_d": 2
+});
+insert into TestOpen2 ({
+    "c_id": 102,
+    "c_x": 102,
+    "c_s": 2,
+    "c_i64": "2",
+    "c_i8": 2.5,
+    "c_d": 3
+});
+insert into TestOpen2 ({
+    "c_id": 103,
+    "c_x": 103,
+    "c_s": "world",
+    "c_i64": 2,
+    "c_i8": 4,
+    "c_d": 3.125
+});
+insert into TestOpen2 ({
+    "c_id": 104,
+    "c_x": 104,
+    "c_s": null,
+    "c_i64": null,
+    "c_i8": 500,
+    "c_d": 3.25
+});
+insert into TestOpen2 ({
+    "c_id": 105,
+    "c_x": 105,
+    "c_s": "hello",
+    "c_i64": 2.25,
+    "c_i8": 10000.25,
+    "c_d": 3.5
+});
+insert into TestOpen2 ({
+    "c_id": 106,
+    "c_x": 106,
+    "c_s": false,
+    "c_i64": false,
+    "c_i8": 2e100,
+    "c_d": 2e100
+});
+insert into TestOpen2 ({
+    "c_id": 107,
+    "c_x": 107,
+    "c_s": "world",
+    "c_i64": 3
+});
+insert into TestOpen2 ({
+    "c_id": 108,
+    "c_x": 108
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-join/btree-equi-join-01/btree-equi-join-01.4.ddl.sqlpp b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-join/btree-equi-join-01/btree-equi-join-01.4.ddl.sqlpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..916cbb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-join/btree-equi-join-01/btree-equi-join-01.4.ddl.sqlpp
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+use test;
+
+create index idx_t1_s on TestOpen1(c_s:string);
+
+create index idx_t1_i64 on TestOpen1(c_i64:int64);
+
+create index idx_t1_i8 on TestOpen1(c_i8:int8);
+
+create index idx_t1_d on TestOpen1(c_d:double);
+
+/********************************************/
+
+create index idx_t2_s on TestOpen2(c_s:string);
+
+create index idx_t2_i64 on TestOpen2(c_i64:int64);
+
+create index idx_t2_i8 on TestOpen2(c_i8:int8);
+
+create index idx_t2_d on TestOpen2(c_d:double);
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-join/btree-equi-join-01/btree-equi-join-01.5.query.sqlpp b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-join/btree-equi-join-01/btree-equi-join-01.5.query.sqlpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f0ae38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-join/btree-equi-join-01/btree-equi-join-01.5.query.sqlpp
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+use test;
+
+select t1.c_x as c1, t2.c_x as c2
+from  TestOpen1 as t1, TestOpen2 as t2
+where (t1.c_s /*+ indexnl */ = t2.c_s)
+order by t1.c_x, t2.c_x;
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.1.ddl.sqlpp b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.1.ddl.sqlpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..750ac72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.1.ddl.sqlpp
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+/*
+* Description  : Index selection for non-enforced indexes
+* Expected Res : Success
+* Date         : 7 Jun 2017
+*/
+drop dataverse test if exists;
+create dataverse test;
+use test;
+
+create type TestOpenType as open {
+  c_id: int64
+}
+
+create dataset TestOpen(TestOpenType)
+primary key c_id;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.10.query.sqlpp b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.10.query.sqlpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bb643f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.10.query.sqlpp
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+use test;
+
+select t.c_x as res
+from TestOpen t
+where t.c_d >= 3.25
+order by t.c_x;
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.11.query.sqlpp b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.11.query.sqlpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..85bb0ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.11.query.sqlpp
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+use test;
+
+select t.c_x as res
+from TestOpen t
+where t.c_i8 > 499 and t.c_i8 < 99999
+order by t.c_x;
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.2.update.sqlpp b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.2.update.sqlpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eba8642
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.2.update.sqlpp
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+use test;
+
+insert into TestOpen ({
+    "c_id": 1,
+    "c_x": 1,
+    "c_s": "hello",
+    "c_i64": 2,
+    "c_i8": 2,
+    "c_d": 2
+});
+insert into TestOpen ({
+    "c_id": 2,
+    "c_x": 2,
+    "c_s": 2,
+    "c_i64": "2",
+    "c_i8": 2.5,
+    "c_d": 3
+});
+insert into TestOpen ({
+    "c_id": 3,
+    "c_x": 3,
+    "c_s": "world",
+    "c_i64": 2,
+    "c_i8": 4,
+    "c_d": 3.125
+});
+insert into TestOpen ({
+    "c_id": 4,
+    "c_x": 4,
+    "c_s": null,
+    "c_i64": null,
+    "c_i8": 500,
+    "c_d": 3.25
+});
+insert into TestOpen ({
+    "c_id": 5,
+    "c_x": 5,
+    "c_s": "hello",
+    "c_i64": 2.25,
+    "c_i8": 10000.25,
+    "c_d": 3.5
+});
+insert into TestOpen ({
+    "c_id": 6,
+    "c_x": 6,
+    "c_s": false,
+    "c_i64": false,
+    "c_i8": 2e100,
+    "c_d": 2e100
+});
+insert into TestOpen ({
+    "c_id": 7,
+    "c_x": 7,
+    "c_s": "world",
+    "c_i64": 3
+});
+insert into TestOpen ({
+    "c_id": 8,
+    "c_x": 8
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.3.ddl.sqlpp b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.3.ddl.sqlpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..efec192
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.3.ddl.sqlpp
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+use test;
+
+create index idx_s on TestOpen(c_s:string);
+
+create index idx_i64 on TestOpen(c_i64:int64);
+
+create index idx_i8 on TestOpen(c_i8:int8);
+
+create index idx_d on TestOpen(c_d:double);
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.4.query.sqlpp b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.4.query.sqlpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd0f674
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.4.query.sqlpp
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+use test;
+
+select t.c_x as res
+from TestOpen t
+where t.c_s = 'world'
+order by t.c_x;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.5.query.sqlpp b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.5.query.sqlpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..179d0c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.5.query.sqlpp
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+use test;
+
+select t.c_x as res
+from TestOpen t
+where t.c_i64 = 2
+order by t.c_x;
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.6.query.sqlpp b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.6.query.sqlpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..558769c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.6.query.sqlpp
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+use test;
+
+select t.c_x as res
+from TestOpen t
+where t.c_i64 > 2
+order by t.c_x;
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.7.query.sqlpp b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.7.query.sqlpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66fd4bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.7.query.sqlpp
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+use test;
+
+select t.c_x as res
+from TestOpen t
+where t.c_i64 > 2.0
+order by t.c_x;
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.8.query.sqlpp b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.8.query.sqlpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1743ba7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.8.query.sqlpp
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+use test;
+
+select t.c_x as res
+from TestOpen t
+where t.c_i8 > 2
+order by t.c_x;
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.9.query.sqlpp b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.9.query.sqlpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d6e0e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries_sqlpp/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.9.query.sqlpp
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+use test;
+
+select t.c_x as res
+from TestOpen t
+where t.c_i8 > 2.5
+order by t.c_x;
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/open-index-non-enforced/index-join/btree-equi-join-01/btree-equi-join-01.5.adm b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/open-index-non-enforced/index-join/btree-equi-join-01/btree-equi-join-01.5.adm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8643d5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/open-index-non-enforced/index-join/btree-equi-join-01/btree-equi-join-01.5.adm
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{ "c1": 1, "c2": 101 }
+{ "c1": 1, "c2": 105 }
+{ "c1": 2, "c2": 102 }
+{ "c1": 3, "c2": 103 }
+{ "c1": 3, "c2": 107 }
+{ "c1": 5, "c2": 101 }
+{ "c1": 5, "c2": 105 }
+{ "c1": 6, "c2": 106 }
+{ "c1": 7, "c2": 103 }
+{ "c1": 7, "c2": 107 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.10.adm b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.10.adm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04080b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.10.adm
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{ "res": 4 }
+{ "res": 5 }
+{ "res": 6 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.11.adm b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.11.adm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..429a13d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.11.adm
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+{ "res": 4 }
+{ "res": 5 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.4.adm b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.4.adm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f36e389
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.4.adm
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+{ "res": 3 }
+{ "res": 7 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.5.adm b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.5.adm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9897674
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.5.adm
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+{ "res": 1 }
+{ "res": 3 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.6.adm b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.6.adm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c1c06bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.6.adm
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+{ "res": 5 }
+{ "res": 7 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.7.adm b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.7.adm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c1c06bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.7.adm
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+{ "res": 5 }
+{ "res": 7 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.8.adm b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.8.adm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6e7ad6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.8.adm
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{ "res": 2 }
+{ "res": 3 }
+{ "res": 4 }
+{ "res": 5 }
+{ "res": 6 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.9.adm b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.9.adm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db56195
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/open-index-non-enforced/index-selection/btree-index-01/btree-index-01.9.adm
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{ "res": 3 }
+{ "res": 4 }
+{ "res": 5 }
+{ "res": 6 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/testsuite.xml b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/testsuite.xml
index e986046..aad1832 100644
--- a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/testsuite.xml
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/testsuite.xml
@@ -3486,13 +3486,13 @@
       <test-case FilePath="open-index-enforced/error-checking">
         <compilation-unit name="missing-enforce-statement">
           <output-dir compare="Text">missing-enforce-statement</output-dir>
-          <expected-error>Cannot create typed index on "[value]" field without enforcing it's type</expected-error>
+          <expected-error>ASX1042: Cannot create non-enforced typed index of this kind: RTREE</expected-error>
         </compilation-unit>
       </test-case>
       <test-case FilePath="open-index-enforced/error-checking">
         <compilation-unit name="missing-optionality">
           <output-dir compare="Text">missing-optionality</output-dir>
-          <expected-error>"?"</expected-error>
+          <expected-error>Cannot create enforced index on "[value]" field with non-optional type</expected-error>
         </compilation-unit>
       </test-case>
       <test-case FilePath="open-index-enforced/error-checking">
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/testsuite_sqlpp.xml b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/testsuite_sqlpp.xml
index 6a6ea4b..9903fd0 100644
--- a/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/testsuite_sqlpp.xml
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/testsuite_sqlpp.xml
@@ -3339,13 +3339,13 @@
       <test-case FilePath="open-index-enforced/error-checking">
         <compilation-unit name="missing-enforce-statement">
           <output-dir compare="Text">missing-enforce-statement</output-dir>
-          <expected-error>Cannot create typed index on "[value]" field without enforcing it's type</expected-error>
+          <expected-error>ASX1042: Cannot create non-enforced typed index of this kind: RTREE</expected-error>
         </compilation-unit>
       </test-case>
       <test-case FilePath="open-index-enforced/error-checking">
         <compilation-unit name="missing-optionality">
           <output-dir compare="Text">missing-optionality</output-dir>
-          <expected-error>string) enforced</expected-error>
+          <expected-error>Cannot create enforced index on "[value]" field with non-optional type</expected-error>
         </compilation-unit>
       </test-case>
       <test-case FilePath="open-index-enforced/error-checking">
@@ -3540,6 +3540,20 @@
         </compilation-unit>
       </test-case>
     </test-group>
+    <test-group name="open-index-non-enforced/index-selection">
+      <test-case FilePath="open-index-non-enforced/index-selection">
+        <compilation-unit name="btree-index-01">
+          <output-dir compare="Text">btree-index-01</output-dir>
+        </compilation-unit>
+      </test-case>
+    </test-group>
+    <test-group name="open-index-non-enforced/index-join">
+      <test-case FilePath="open-index-non-enforced/index-join">
+        <compilation-unit name="btree-equi-join-01">
+          <output-dir compare="Text">btree-equi-join-01</output-dir>
+        </compilation-unit>
+      </test-case>
+    </test-group>
   </test-group>
   <test-group name="nested-open-index">
     <test-group name="nested-open-index/index-join">
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-common/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/common/exceptions/ErrorCode.java b/asterixdb/asterix-common/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/common/exceptions/ErrorCode.java
index 785135b..5deaf54 100644
--- a/asterixdb/asterix-common/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/common/exceptions/ErrorCode.java
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-common/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/common/exceptions/ErrorCode.java
@@ -108,6 +108,8 @@
     public static final int COMPILATION_ILLEGAL_STATE = 1038;
     public static final int COMPILATION_TWO_PHASE_LOCKING_VIOLATION = 1039;
     public static final int DATASET_ID_EXHAUSTED = 1040;
+    public static final int INDEX_ILLEGAL_ENFORCED_NON_OPTIONAL = 1041;
+    public static final int INDEX_ILLEGAL_NON_ENFORCED_TYPED = 1042;
 
     // Feed errors
     public static final int DATAFLOW_ILLEGAL_STATE = 3001;
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-common/src/main/resources/asx_errormsg/en.properties b/asterixdb/asterix-common/src/main/resources/asx_errormsg/en.properties
index c118c36..c755e40 100644
--- a/asterixdb/asterix-common/src/main/resources/asx_errormsg/en.properties
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-common/src/main/resources/asx_errormsg/en.properties
@@ -94,6 +94,8 @@
 1038 = Illegal state. %1$s
 1039 = Two-phase locking violation -- locks can not be acquired after unlocking
 1040 = Dataset id space is exhausted
+1041 = Cannot create enforced index on \"%1$s\" field with non-optional type
+1042 = Cannot create non-enforced typed index of this kind: %1$s
 
 # Feed Errors
 3001 = Illegal state.
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-lang-aql/src/main/javacc/AQL.jj b/asterixdb/asterix-lang-aql/src/main/javacc/AQL.jj
index 8170eab..db63abb 100644
--- a/asterixdb/asterix-lang-aql/src/main/javacc/AQL.jj
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-lang-aql/src/main/javacc/AQL.jj
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@
 import org.apache.asterix.lang.common.expression.GbyVariableExpressionPair;
 import org.apache.asterix.lang.common.expression.IfExpr;
 import org.apache.asterix.lang.common.expression.IndexAccessor;
+import org.apache.asterix.lang.common.expression.IndexedTypeExpression;
 import org.apache.asterix.lang.common.expression.ListConstructor;
 import org.apache.asterix.lang.common.expression.LiteralExpr;
 import org.apache.asterix.lang.common.expression.OperatorExpr;
@@ -576,7 +577,7 @@
   String indexName = null;
   boolean ifNotExists = false;
   Pair<Identifier,Identifier> nameComponents = null;
-  Pair<Integer, Pair<List<String>, TypeExpression>> fieldPair = null;
+  Pair<Integer, Pair<List<String>, IndexedTypeExpression>> fieldPair = null;
   IndexParams indexType = null;
   boolean enforced = false;
 }
@@ -1264,9 +1265,10 @@
     }
 }
 
-TypeExpression IndexedTypeExpr() throws ParseException:
+IndexedTypeExpression IndexedTypeExpr() throws ParseException:
 {
   TypeExpression typeExpr = null;
+  boolean isUnknownable = false;
 }
 {
   (
@@ -1274,8 +1276,9 @@
     | typeExpr = OrderedListTypeDef()
     | typeExpr = UnorderedListTypeDef()
   )
+  ( <QUES> { isUnknownable = true; } )?
   {
-    return typeExpr;
+    return new IndexedTypeExpression(typeExpr, isUnknownable);
   }
 }
 
@@ -1473,17 +1476,17 @@
   )
 }
 
-Pair<Integer, Pair<List<String>, TypeExpression>> OpenField() throws ParseException:
+Pair<Integer, Pair<List<String>, IndexedTypeExpression>> OpenField() throws ParseException:
 {
-  TypeExpression fieldType = null;
+  IndexedTypeExpression fieldType = null;
   Pair<Integer, List<String>> fieldList = null;
 }
 {
   fieldList = NestedField()
-  ( <COLON> fieldType =  IndexedTypeExpr() <QUES>)?
+  ( <COLON> fieldType = IndexedTypeExpr() )?
   {
-    return new Pair<Integer, Pair<List<String>, TypeExpression>>
-           (fieldList.first, new Pair<List<String>, TypeExpression>(fieldList.second, fieldType));
+    return new Pair<Integer, Pair<List<String>, IndexedTypeExpression>>
+            (fieldList.first, new Pair<List<String>, IndexedTypeExpression>(fieldList.second, fieldType));
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-lang-common/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/lang/common/expression/IndexedTypeExpression.java b/asterixdb/asterix-lang-common/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/lang/common/expression/IndexedTypeExpression.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a0f1ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-lang-common/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/lang/common/expression/IndexedTypeExpression.java
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.asterix.lang.common.expression;
+
+public final class IndexedTypeExpression {
+
+    private final TypeExpression type;
+
+    private final boolean isUnknownable;
+
+    public IndexedTypeExpression(TypeExpression type, boolean isUnknownable) {
+        this.type = type;
+        this.isUnknownable = isUnknownable;
+    }
+
+    public TypeExpression getType() {
+        return type;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isUnknownable() {
+        return isUnknownable;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-lang-common/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/lang/common/statement/CreateIndexStatement.java b/asterixdb/asterix-lang-common/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/lang/common/statement/CreateIndexStatement.java
index 7297bf5..0d6a7ed 100644
--- a/asterixdb/asterix-lang-common/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/lang/common/statement/CreateIndexStatement.java
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-lang-common/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/lang/common/statement/CreateIndexStatement.java
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 import org.apache.asterix.common.config.DatasetConfig.IndexType;
 import org.apache.asterix.common.exceptions.CompilationException;
 import org.apache.asterix.lang.common.base.Statement;
-import org.apache.asterix.lang.common.expression.TypeExpression;
+import org.apache.asterix.lang.common.expression.IndexedTypeExpression;
 import org.apache.asterix.lang.common.struct.Identifier;
 import org.apache.asterix.lang.common.visitor.base.ILangVisitor;
 import org.apache.hyracks.algebricks.common.utils.Pair;
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
     private Identifier indexName;
     private Identifier dataverseName;
     private Identifier datasetName;
-    private List<Pair<List<String>, TypeExpression>> fieldExprs = new ArrayList<>();
+    private List<Pair<List<String>, IndexedTypeExpression>> fieldExprs = new ArrayList<>();
     private List<Integer> fieldIndexIndicators = new ArrayList<>();
     private IndexType indexType = IndexType.BTREE;
     private boolean enforced;
@@ -78,11 +78,11 @@
         this.datasetName = datasetName;
     }
 
-    public List<Pair<List<String>, TypeExpression>> getFieldExprs() {
+    public List<Pair<List<String>, IndexedTypeExpression>> getFieldExprs() {
         return fieldExprs;
     }
 
-    public void addFieldExprPair(Pair<List<String>, TypeExpression> fp) {
+    public void addFieldExprPair(Pair<List<String>, IndexedTypeExpression> fp) {
         this.fieldExprs.add(fp);
     }
 
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-lang-common/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/lang/common/visitor/FormatPrintVisitor.java b/asterixdb/asterix-lang-common/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/lang/common/visitor/FormatPrintVisitor.java
index 8b4cca1..a2e7341 100644
--- a/asterixdb/asterix-lang-common/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/lang/common/visitor/FormatPrintVisitor.java
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-lang-common/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/lang/common/visitor/FormatPrintVisitor.java
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 import org.apache.asterix.lang.common.expression.GbyVariableExpressionPair;
 import org.apache.asterix.lang.common.expression.IfExpr;
 import org.apache.asterix.lang.common.expression.IndexAccessor;
+import org.apache.asterix.lang.common.expression.IndexedTypeExpression;
 import org.apache.asterix.lang.common.expression.ListConstructor;
 import org.apache.asterix.lang.common.expression.LiteralExpr;
 import org.apache.asterix.lang.common.expression.OperatorExpr;
@@ -660,14 +661,18 @@
         out.print(generateFullName(cis.getDataverseName(), cis.getDatasetName()));
 
         out.print(" (");
-        List<Pair<List<String>, TypeExpression>> fieldExprs = cis.getFieldExprs();
+        List<Pair<List<String>, IndexedTypeExpression>> fieldExprs = cis.getFieldExprs();
         int index = 0;
         int size = fieldExprs.size();
-        for (Pair<List<String>, TypeExpression> entry : fieldExprs) {
+        for (Pair<List<String>, IndexedTypeExpression> entry : fieldExprs) {
             printNestField(entry.first);
-            if (entry.second != null) {
+            IndexedTypeExpression typeExpr = entry.second;
+            if (typeExpr != null) {
                 out.print(":");
-                entry.second.accept(this, step);
+                typeExpr.getType().accept(this, step);
+                if (typeExpr.isUnknownable()) {
+                    out.print('?');
+                }
             }
             if (++index < size) {
                 out.print(",");
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-lang-sqlpp/src/main/javacc/SQLPP.jj b/asterixdb/asterix-lang-sqlpp/src/main/javacc/SQLPP.jj
index ce81a91..bcba939 100644
--- a/asterixdb/asterix-lang-sqlpp/src/main/javacc/SQLPP.jj
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-lang-sqlpp/src/main/javacc/SQLPP.jj
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@
 import org.apache.asterix.lang.common.expression.GbyVariableExpressionPair;
 import org.apache.asterix.lang.common.expression.IfExpr;
 import org.apache.asterix.lang.common.expression.IndexAccessor;
+import org.apache.asterix.lang.common.expression.IndexedTypeExpression;
 import org.apache.asterix.lang.common.expression.ListConstructor;
 import org.apache.asterix.lang.common.expression.LiteralExpr;
 import org.apache.asterix.lang.common.expression.OperatorExpr;
@@ -619,7 +620,7 @@
   String indexName = null;
   boolean ifNotExists = false;
   Pair<Identifier,Identifier> nameComponents = null;
-  Pair<Integer, Pair<List<String>, TypeExpression>> fieldPair = null;
+  Pair<Integer, Pair<List<String>, IndexedTypeExpression>> fieldPair = null;
   IndexParams indexType = null;
   boolean enforced = false;
 }
@@ -1342,9 +1343,10 @@
     }
 }
 
-TypeExpression IndexedTypeExpr() throws ParseException:
+IndexedTypeExpression IndexedTypeExpr() throws ParseException:
 {
   TypeExpression typeExpr = null;
+  boolean isUnknownable = false;
 }
 {
   (
@@ -1352,8 +1354,9 @@
     | typeExpr = OrderedListTypeDef()
     | typeExpr = UnorderedListTypeDef()
   )
+  ( <QUES> { isUnknownable = true; } )?
   {
-    return typeExpr;
+    return new IndexedTypeExpression(typeExpr, isUnknownable);
   }
 }
 
@@ -1557,17 +1560,17 @@
     (<DATASET>|<COLLECTION>)
 }
 
-Pair<Integer, Pair<List<String>, TypeExpression>> OpenField() throws ParseException:
+Pair<Integer, Pair<List<String>, IndexedTypeExpression>> OpenField() throws ParseException:
 {
-  TypeExpression fieldType = null;
+  IndexedTypeExpression fieldType = null;
   Pair<Integer, List<String>> fieldList = null;
 }
 {
   fieldList = NestedField()
-  ( <COLON> fieldType =  IndexedTypeExpr() <QUES>)?
+  ( <COLON> fieldType = IndexedTypeExpr() )?
   {
-    return new Pair<Integer, Pair<List<String>, TypeExpression>>
-          (fieldList.first, new Pair<List<String>, TypeExpression>(fieldList.second, fieldType));
+    return new Pair<Integer, Pair<List<String>, IndexedTypeExpression>>
+            (fieldList.first, new Pair<List<String>, IndexedTypeExpression>(fieldList.second, fieldType));
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/pom.xml b/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/pom.xml
index fb66291..5497cf4 100644
--- a/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/pom.xml
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/pom.xml
@@ -187,10 +187,5 @@
       <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
       <artifactId>hadoop-common</artifactId>
     </dependency>
-    <dependency>
-      <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
-      <artifactId>commons-collections4</artifactId>
-      <version>4.1</version>
-    </dependency>
   </dependencies>
 </project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/MetadataNode.java b/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/MetadataNode.java
index 4880a73..84cb671 100644
--- a/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/MetadataNode.java
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/MetadataNode.java
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@
                 InternalDatasetDetails id = (InternalDatasetDetails) dataset.getDatasetDetails();
                 Index primaryIndex = new Index(dataset.getDataverseName(), dataset.getDatasetName(),
                         dataset.getDatasetName(), IndexType.BTREE, id.getPrimaryKey(), id.getKeySourceIndicator(),
-                        id.getPrimaryKeyType(), false, true, dataset.getPendingOp());
+                        id.getPrimaryKeyType(), false, false, true, dataset.getPendingOp());
 
                 addIndex(jobId, primaryIndex);
             }
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/MetadataTransactionContext.java b/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/MetadataTransactionContext.java
index d8bf559..0229f39 100644
--- a/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/MetadataTransactionContext.java
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/MetadataTransactionContext.java
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@
     }
 
     public void dropIndex(String dataverseName, String datasetName, String indexName) {
-        Index index = new Index(dataverseName, datasetName, indexName, null, null, null, null, false, false,
+        Index index = new Index(dataverseName, datasetName, indexName, null, null, null, null, false, false, false,
                 MetadataUtil.PENDING_NO_OP);
         droppedCache.addIndexIfNotExists(index);
         logAndApply(new MetadataLogicalOperation(index, false));
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/entities/Index.java b/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/entities/Index.java
index 9c0ce05..57f0a07 100644
--- a/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/entities/Index.java
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/entities/Index.java
@@ -51,7 +51,8 @@
     private final List<List<String>> keyFieldNames;
     private final List<Integer> keyFieldSourceIndicators;
     private final List<IAType> keyFieldTypes;
-    private final boolean enforceKeyFields;
+    private final boolean overrideKeyFieldTypes;
+    private final boolean isEnforced;
     private final boolean isPrimaryIndex;
     // Specific to NGRAM indexes.
     private final int gramLength;
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@
 
     public Index(String dataverseName, String datasetName, String indexName, IndexType indexType,
             List<List<String>> keyFieldNames, List<Integer> keyFieldSourceIndicators, List<IAType> keyFieldTypes,
-            int gramLength, boolean enforceKeyFields, boolean isPrimaryIndex, int pendingOp) {
+            int gramLength, boolean overrideKeyFieldTypes, boolean isEnforced, boolean isPrimaryIndex, int pendingOp) {
         this.dataverseName = dataverseName;
         this.datasetName = datasetName;
         this.indexName = indexName;
@@ -69,16 +70,17 @@
         this.keyFieldSourceIndicators = keyFieldSourceIndicators;
         this.keyFieldTypes = keyFieldTypes;
         this.gramLength = gramLength;
-        this.enforceKeyFields = enforceKeyFields;
+        this.overrideKeyFieldTypes = overrideKeyFieldTypes;
+        this.isEnforced = isEnforced;
         this.isPrimaryIndex = isPrimaryIndex;
         this.pendingOp = pendingOp;
     }
 
     public Index(String dataverseName, String datasetName, String indexName, IndexType indexType,
             List<List<String>> keyFieldNames, List<Integer> keyFieldSourceIndicators, List<IAType> keyFieldTypes,
-            boolean enforceKeyFields, boolean isPrimaryIndex, int pendingOp) {
+            boolean overrideKeyFieldTypes, boolean isEnforced, boolean isPrimaryIndex, int pendingOp) {
         this(dataverseName, datasetName, indexName, indexType, keyFieldNames, keyFieldSourceIndicators, keyFieldTypes,
-                -1, enforceKeyFields, isPrimaryIndex, pendingOp);
+                -1, overrideKeyFieldTypes, isEnforced, isPrimaryIndex, pendingOp);
     }
 
     public String getDataverseName() {
@@ -117,8 +119,12 @@
         return isPrimaryIndex;
     }
 
-    public boolean isEnforcingKeyFields() {
-        return enforceKeyFields;
+    public boolean isOverridingKeyFieldTypes() {
+        return overrideKeyFieldTypes;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isEnforced() {
+        return isEnforced;
     }
 
     public int getPendingOp() {
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/entitytupletranslators/IndexTupleTranslator.java b/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/entitytupletranslators/IndexTupleTranslator.java
index a6ec835..7b1d9a6 100644
--- a/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/entitytupletranslators/IndexTupleTranslator.java
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/entitytupletranslators/IndexTupleTranslator.java
@@ -144,6 +144,7 @@
             IAType fieldType = BuiltinTypeMap.getTypeFromTypeName(metadataNode, jobId, dvName, typeName, false);
             searchKeyType.add(fieldType);
         }
+        boolean isOverridingKeyTypes = !searchKeyType.isEmpty();
 
         int isEnforcedFieldPos = rec.getType().getFieldIndex(INDEX_ISENFORCED_FIELD_NAME);
         Boolean isEnforcingKeys = false;
@@ -200,7 +201,7 @@
             }
         }
         return new Index(dvName, dsName, indexName, indexStructure, searchKey, keyFieldSourceIndicator, searchKeyType,
-                gramLength, isEnforcingKeys, isPrimaryIndex, pendingOp);
+                gramLength, isOverridingKeyTypes, isEnforcingKeys, isPrimaryIndex, pendingOp);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -293,7 +294,7 @@
             recordBuilder.addField(nameValue, fieldValue);
         }
 
-        if (instance.isEnforcingKeyFields()) {
+        if (instance.isOverridingKeyFieldTypes()) {
             // write optional field 9
             OrderedListBuilder typeListBuilder = new OrderedListBuilder();
             typeListBuilder.reset(new AOrderedListType(BuiltinType.ANY, null));
@@ -312,7 +313,9 @@
             fieldValue.reset();
             typeListBuilder.write(fieldValue.getDataOutput(), true);
             recordBuilder.addField(nameValue, fieldValue);
+        }
 
+        if (instance.isEnforced()) {
             // write optional field 10
             fieldValue.reset();
             nameValue.reset();
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/utils/IndexUtil.java b/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/utils/IndexUtil.java
index ca5ddd0..f2a0709 100644
--- a/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/utils/IndexUtil.java
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/utils/IndexUtil.java
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
         InternalDatasetDetails id = (InternalDatasetDetails) dataset.getDatasetDetails();
         return new Index(dataset.getDataverseName(), dataset.getDatasetName(), dataset.getDatasetName(),
                 DatasetConfig.IndexType.BTREE, id.getPartitioningKey(), id.getKeySourceIndicator(),
-                id.getPrimaryKeyType(), false, true, dataset.getPendingOp());
+                id.getPrimaryKeyType(), false, false, true, dataset.getPendingOp());
     }
 
     public static int[] getBtreeFieldsIfFiltered(Dataset dataset, Index index) throws AlgebricksException {
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/utils/SecondaryBTreeOperationsHelper.java b/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/utils/SecondaryBTreeOperationsHelper.java
index f91df70..75e714b 100644
--- a/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/utils/SecondaryBTreeOperationsHelper.java
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/utils/SecondaryBTreeOperationsHelper.java
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
     @Override
     public JobSpecification buildLoadingJobSpec() throws AlgebricksException {
         JobSpecification spec = RuntimeUtils.createJobSpecification(metadataProvider.getApplicationContext());
-        boolean isEnforcingKeyTypes = index.isEnforcingKeyFields();
+        boolean isOverridingKeyFieldTypes = index.isOverridingKeyFieldTypes();
         int[] fieldPermutation = createFieldPermutationForBulkLoadOp(index.getKeyFieldNames().size());
         IIndexDataflowHelperFactory dataflowHelperFactory = new IndexDataflowHelperFactory(
                 metadataProvider.getStorageComponentProvider().getStorageManager(), secondaryFileSplitProvider);
@@ -82,8 +82,8 @@
 
             // Assign op.
             AbstractOperatorDescriptor sourceOp = primaryScanOp;
-            if (isEnforcingKeyTypes && !enforcedItemType.equals(itemType)) {
-                sourceOp = createCastOp(spec, dataset.getDatasetType());
+            if (isOverridingKeyFieldTypes && !enforcedItemType.equals(itemType)) {
+                sourceOp = createCastOp(spec, dataset.getDatasetType(), index.isEnforced());
                 spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), primaryScanOp, 0, sourceOp, 0);
             }
             AlgebricksMetaOperatorDescriptor asterixAssignOp =
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
 
             // If any of the secondary fields are nullable, then add a select op that filters nulls.
             AlgebricksMetaOperatorDescriptor selectOp = null;
-            if (anySecondaryKeyIsNullable || isEnforcingKeyTypes) {
+            if (anySecondaryKeyIsNullable || isOverridingKeyFieldTypes) {
                 selectOp = createFilterNullsSelectOp(spec, index.getKeyFieldNames().size(), secondaryRecDesc);
             }
 
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@
             spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), secondaryBulkLoadOp, 0, metaOp, 0);
             root = metaOp;
             spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), sourceOp, 0, asterixAssignOp, 0);
-            if (anySecondaryKeyIsNullable || isEnforcingKeyTypes) {
+            if (anySecondaryKeyIsNullable || isOverridingKeyFieldTypes) {
                 spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), asterixAssignOp, 0, selectOp, 0);
                 spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), selectOp, 0, sortOp, 0);
             } else {
@@ -137,8 +137,8 @@
 
             // Assign op.
             IOperatorDescriptor sourceOp = primaryScanOp;
-            if (isEnforcingKeyTypes && !enforcedItemType.equals(itemType)) {
-                sourceOp = createCastOp(spec, dataset.getDatasetType());
+            if (isOverridingKeyFieldTypes && !enforcedItemType.equals(itemType)) {
+                sourceOp = createCastOp(spec, dataset.getDatasetType(), index.isEnforced());
                 spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), primaryScanOp, 0, sourceOp, 0);
             }
             AlgebricksMetaOperatorDescriptor asterixAssignOp =
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@
 
             // If any of the secondary fields are nullable, then add a select op that filters nulls.
             AlgebricksMetaOperatorDescriptor selectOp = null;
-            if (anySecondaryKeyIsNullable || isEnforcingKeyTypes) {
+            if (anySecondaryKeyIsNullable || isOverridingKeyFieldTypes) {
                 selectOp = createFilterNullsSelectOp(spec, index.getKeyFieldNames().size(), secondaryRecDesc);
             }
 
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@
             // Connect the operators.
             spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), keyProviderOp, 0, primaryScanOp, 0);
             spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), sourceOp, 0, asterixAssignOp, 0);
-            if (anySecondaryKeyIsNullable || isEnforcingKeyTypes) {
+            if (anySecondaryKeyIsNullable || isOverridingKeyFieldTypes) {
                 spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), asterixAssignOp, 0, selectOp, 0);
                 spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), selectOp, 0, sortOp, 0);
             } else {
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@
                 metadataProvider.getFormat().getBinaryComparatorFactoryProvider();
         // Record column is 0 for external datasets, numPrimaryKeys for internal ones
         int recordColumn = dataset.getDatasetType() == DatasetType.INTERNAL ? numPrimaryKeys : 0;
-        boolean isEnforcingKeyTypes = index.isEnforcingKeyFields();
+        boolean isOverridingKeyFieldTypes = index.isOverridingKeyFieldTypes();
         for (int i = 0; i < numSecondaryKeys; i++) {
             ARecordType sourceType;
             int sourceColumn;
@@ -214,7 +214,8 @@
                 sourceColumn = recordColumn + 1;
             }
             secondaryFieldAccessEvalFactories[i] = metadataProvider.getFormat().getFieldAccessEvaluatorFactory(
-                    isEnforcingKeyTypes ? enforcedItemType : sourceType, index.getKeyFieldNames().get(i), sourceColumn);
+                    isOverridingKeyFieldTypes ? enforcedItemType : sourceType, index.getKeyFieldNames().get(i),
+                    sourceColumn);
             Pair<IAType, Boolean> keyTypePair = Index.getNonNullableOpenFieldType(index.getKeyFieldTypes().get(i),
                     index.getKeyFieldNames().get(i), sourceType);
             IAType keyType = keyTypePair.first;
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/utils/SecondaryIndexOperationsHelper.java b/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/utils/SecondaryIndexOperationsHelper.java
index 21ec8de..d11ba21 100644
--- a/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/utils/SecondaryIndexOperationsHelper.java
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/utils/SecondaryIndexOperationsHelper.java
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 
 package org.apache.asterix.metadata.utils;
 
+import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 
@@ -40,13 +41,14 @@
 import org.apache.asterix.metadata.entities.Index;
 import org.apache.asterix.metadata.entities.InternalDatasetDetails;
 import org.apache.asterix.metadata.lock.ExternalDatasetsRegistry;
+import org.apache.asterix.om.functions.BuiltinFunctions;
+import org.apache.asterix.om.functions.FunctionManagerHolder;
+import org.apache.asterix.om.functions.IFunctionDescriptor;
 import org.apache.asterix.om.types.ARecordType;
 import org.apache.asterix.om.types.IAType;
 import org.apache.asterix.runtime.evaluators.functions.AndDescriptor;
-import org.apache.asterix.runtime.evaluators.functions.CastTypeDescriptor;
 import org.apache.asterix.runtime.evaluators.functions.IsUnknownDescriptor;
 import org.apache.asterix.runtime.evaluators.functions.NotDescriptor;
-import org.apache.commons.collections4.IteratorUtils;
 import org.apache.hyracks.algebricks.common.constraints.AlgebricksPartitionConstraint;
 import org.apache.hyracks.algebricks.common.constraints.AlgebricksPartitionConstraintHelper;
 import org.apache.hyracks.algebricks.common.exceptions.AlgebricksException;
@@ -130,11 +132,9 @@
 
     private static Pair<ARecordType, ARecordType> getEnforcedType(Index index, ARecordType aRecordType,
             ARecordType metaRecordType) throws AlgebricksException {
-        return index.isEnforcingKeyFields()
-                ? TypeUtil.createEnforcedType(aRecordType, metaRecordType,
-                        IteratorUtils.toList(IteratorUtils.singletonIterator(index)))
+        return index.isOverridingKeyFieldTypes()
+                ? TypeUtil.createEnforcedType(aRecordType, metaRecordType, Collections.singletonList(index))
                 : new Pair<>(null, null);
-
     }
 
     public static SecondaryIndexOperationsHelper createIndexOperationsHelper(Dataset dataset, Index index,
@@ -292,8 +292,10 @@
         return asterixAssignOp;
     }
 
-    protected AlgebricksMetaOperatorDescriptor createCastOp(JobSpecification spec, DatasetType dsType) {
-        CastTypeDescriptor castFuncDesc = (CastTypeDescriptor) CastTypeDescriptor.FACTORY.createFunctionDescriptor();
+    protected AlgebricksMetaOperatorDescriptor createCastOp(JobSpecification spec, DatasetType dsType,
+            boolean strictCast) throws AlgebricksException {
+        IFunctionDescriptor castFuncDesc = FunctionManagerHolder.getFunctionManager()
+                .lookupFunction(strictCast ? BuiltinFunctions.CAST_TYPE : BuiltinFunctions.CAST_TYPE_LAX);
         castFuncDesc.setImmutableStates(enforcedItemType, itemType);
 
         int[] outColumns = new int[1];
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/utils/SecondaryInvertedIndexOperationsHelper.java b/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/utils/SecondaryInvertedIndexOperationsHelper.java
index 23854e3..cb15b98 100644
--- a/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/utils/SecondaryInvertedIndexOperationsHelper.java
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/utils/SecondaryInvertedIndexOperationsHelper.java
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@
     protected void setSecondaryRecDescAndComparators() throws AlgebricksException {
         int numSecondaryKeys = index.getKeyFieldNames().size();
         IndexType indexType = index.getIndexType();
-        boolean isEnforcingKeyTypes = index.isEnforcingKeyFields();
+        boolean isOverridingKeyFieldTypes = index.isOverridingKeyFieldTypes();
         // Sanity checks.
         if (numPrimaryKeys > 1) {
             throw new CompilationException(ErrorCode.COMPILATION_ILLEGAL_INDEX_FOR_DATASET_WITH_COMPOSITE_PRIMARY_INDEX,
@@ -114,7 +114,8 @@
         ITypeTraitProvider typeTraitProvider = FormatUtils.getDefaultFormat().getTypeTraitProvider();
         if (numSecondaryKeys > 0) {
             secondaryFieldAccessEvalFactories[0] = FormatUtils.getDefaultFormat().getFieldAccessEvaluatorFactory(
-                    isEnforcingKeyTypes ? enforcedItemType : itemType, index.getKeyFieldNames().get(0), numPrimaryKeys);
+                    isOverridingKeyFieldTypes ? enforcedItemType : itemType, index.getKeyFieldNames().get(0),
+                    numPrimaryKeys);
             Pair<IAType, Boolean> keyTypePair = Index.getNonNullableOpenFieldType(index.getKeyFieldTypes().get(0),
                     index.getKeyFieldNames().get(0), itemType);
             secondaryKeyType = keyTypePair.first;
@@ -216,10 +217,10 @@
                 jobId);
 
         IOperatorDescriptor sourceOp = primaryScanOp;
-        boolean isEnforcingKeyTypes = index.isEnforcingKeyFields();
+        boolean isOverridingKeyFieldTypes = index.isOverridingKeyFieldTypes();
         int numSecondaryKeys = index.getKeyFieldNames().size();
-        if (isEnforcingKeyTypes && !enforcedItemType.equals(itemType)) {
-            sourceOp = createCastOp(spec, dataset.getDatasetType());
+        if (isOverridingKeyFieldTypes && !enforcedItemType.equals(itemType)) {
+            sourceOp = createCastOp(spec, dataset.getDatasetType(), index.isEnforced());
             spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), primaryScanOp, 0, sourceOp, 0);
         }
         AlgebricksMetaOperatorDescriptor asterixAssignOp = createAssignOp(spec, numSecondaryKeys, secondaryRecDesc);
@@ -227,7 +228,7 @@
         // If any of the secondary fields are nullable, then add a select op
         // that filters nulls.
         AlgebricksMetaOperatorDescriptor selectOp = null;
-        if (anySecondaryKeyIsNullable || isEnforcingKeyTypes) {
+        if (anySecondaryKeyIsNullable || isOverridingKeyFieldTypes) {
             selectOp = createFilterNullsSelectOp(spec, numSecondaryKeys, secondaryRecDesc);
         }
 
@@ -248,7 +249,7 @@
         // Connect the operators.
         spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), keyProviderOp, 0, primaryScanOp, 0);
         spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), sourceOp, 0, asterixAssignOp, 0);
-        if (anySecondaryKeyIsNullable || isEnforcingKeyTypes) {
+        if (anySecondaryKeyIsNullable || isOverridingKeyFieldTypes) {
             spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), asterixAssignOp, 0, selectOp, 0);
             spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), selectOp, 0, tokenizerOp, 0);
         } else {
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/utils/SecondaryRTreeOperationsHelper.java b/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/utils/SecondaryRTreeOperationsHelper.java
index f3ed3df..08ee0aa 100644
--- a/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/utils/SecondaryRTreeOperationsHelper.java
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/utils/SecondaryRTreeOperationsHelper.java
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@
     protected void setSecondaryRecDescAndComparators() throws AlgebricksException {
         List<List<String>> secondaryKeyFields = index.getKeyFieldNames();
         int numSecondaryKeys = secondaryKeyFields.size();
-        boolean isEnforcingKeyTypes = index.isEnforcingKeyFields();
+        boolean isOverridingKeyFieldTypes = index.isOverridingKeyFieldTypes();
         if (numSecondaryKeys != 1) {
             throw new AsterixException("Cannot use " + numSecondaryKeys + " fields as a key for the R-tree index. "
                     + "There can be only one field as a key for the R-tree index.");
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@
         numNestedSecondaryKeyFields = numDimensions * 2;
         int recordColumn = dataset.getDatasetType() == DatasetType.INTERNAL ? numPrimaryKeys : 0;
         secondaryFieldAccessEvalFactories =
-                metadataProvider.getFormat().createMBRFactory(isEnforcingKeyTypes ? enforcedItemType : itemType,
+                metadataProvider.getFormat().createMBRFactory(isOverridingKeyFieldTypes ? enforcedItemType : itemType,
                         secondaryKeyFields.get(0), recordColumn, numDimensions, filterFieldName, isPointMBR);
         secondaryComparatorFactories = new IBinaryComparatorFactory[numNestedSecondaryKeyFields];
         valueProviderFactories = new IPrimitiveValueProviderFactory[numNestedSecondaryKeyFields];
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@
                 isPointMBR ? numNestedSecondaryKeyFields / 2 : numNestedSecondaryKeyFields;
         RecordDescriptor secondaryRecDescConsideringPointMBR =
                 isPointMBR ? secondaryRecDescForPointMBR : secondaryRecDesc;
-        boolean isEnforcingKeyTypes = index.isEnforcingKeyFields();
+        boolean isOverridingKeyFieldTypes = index.isOverridingKeyFieldTypes();
         IIndexDataflowHelperFactory indexDataflowHelperFactory = new IndexDataflowHelperFactory(
                 metadataProvider.getStorageComponentProvider().getStorageManager(), secondaryFileSplitProvider);
         if (dataset.getDatasetType() == DatasetType.INTERNAL) {
@@ -209,8 +209,8 @@
 
             // Assign op.
             IOperatorDescriptor sourceOp = primaryScanOp;
-            if (isEnforcingKeyTypes && !enforcedItemType.equals(itemType)) {
-                sourceOp = createCastOp(spec, dataset.getDatasetType());
+            if (isOverridingKeyFieldTypes && !enforcedItemType.equals(itemType)) {
+                sourceOp = createCastOp(spec, dataset.getDatasetType(), index.isEnforced());
                 spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), primaryScanOp, 0, sourceOp, 0);
             }
             AlgebricksMetaOperatorDescriptor asterixAssignOp = createAssignOp(spec,
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@
 
             // If any of the secondary fields are nullable, then add a select op that filters nulls.
             AlgebricksMetaOperatorDescriptor selectOp = null;
-            if (anySecondaryKeyIsNullable || isEnforcingKeyTypes) {
+            if (anySecondaryKeyIsNullable || isOverridingKeyFieldTypes) {
                 selectOp = createFilterNullsSelectOp(spec, numNestedSecondaryKeFieldsConsideringPointMBR,
                         secondaryRecDescConsideringPointMBR);
             }
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@
             // Connect the operators.
             spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), keyProviderOp, 0, primaryScanOp, 0);
             spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), sourceOp, 0, asterixAssignOp, 0);
-            if (anySecondaryKeyIsNullable || isEnforcingKeyTypes) {
+            if (anySecondaryKeyIsNullable || isOverridingKeyFieldTypes) {
                 spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), asterixAssignOp, 0, selectOp, 0);
                 spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), selectOp, 0, sortOp, 0);
             } else {
@@ -256,8 +256,8 @@
             // Create external indexing scan operator
             ExternalScanOperatorDescriptor primaryScanOp = createExternalIndexingOp(spec);
             AbstractOperatorDescriptor sourceOp = primaryScanOp;
-            if (isEnforcingKeyTypes && !enforcedItemType.equals(itemType)) {
-                sourceOp = createCastOp(spec, dataset.getDatasetType());
+            if (isOverridingKeyFieldTypes && !enforcedItemType.equals(itemType)) {
+                sourceOp = createCastOp(spec, dataset.getDatasetType(), index.isEnforced());
                 spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), primaryScanOp, 0, sourceOp, 0);
             }
             // Assign op.
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@
 
             // If any of the secondary fields are nullable, then add a select op that filters nulls.
             AlgebricksMetaOperatorDescriptor selectOp = null;
-            if (anySecondaryKeyIsNullable || isEnforcingKeyTypes) {
+            if (anySecondaryKeyIsNullable || isOverridingKeyFieldTypes) {
                 selectOp = createFilterNullsSelectOp(spec, numNestedSecondaryKeFieldsConsideringPointMBR,
                         secondaryRecDescConsideringPointMBR);
             }
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@
             spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), secondaryBulkLoadOp, 0, metaOp, 0);
             root = metaOp;
             spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), sourceOp, 0, asterixAssignOp, 0);
-            if (anySecondaryKeyIsNullable || isEnforcingKeyTypes) {
+            if (anySecondaryKeyIsNullable || isOverridingKeyFieldTypes) {
                 spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), asterixAssignOp, 0, selectOp, 0);
                 spec.connect(new OneToOneConnectorDescriptor(spec), selectOp, 0, sortOp, 0);
             } else {
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/utils/TypeUtil.java b/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/utils/TypeUtil.java
index 5a2f399..4ef3933 100644
--- a/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/utils/TypeUtil.java
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/utils/TypeUtil.java
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
         ARecordType enforcedRecordType = recordType;
         ARecordType enforcedMetaType = metaType;
         for (Index index : indexes) {
-            if (!index.isSecondaryIndex() || !index.isEnforcingKeyFields()) {
+            if (!index.isSecondaryIndex() || !index.isOverridingKeyFieldTypes()) {
                 continue;
             }
             if (index.hasMetaFields()) {
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/test/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/entitytupletranslators/IndexTupleTranslatorTest.java b/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/test/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/entitytupletranslators/IndexTupleTranslatorTest.java
index 46bacdd..fe76c6b 100644
--- a/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/test/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/entitytupletranslators/IndexTupleTranslatorTest.java
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-metadata/src/test/java/org/apache/asterix/metadata/entitytupletranslators/IndexTupleTranslatorTest.java
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
             Index index = new Index("test", "d1", "i1", IndexType.BTREE,
                     Collections.singletonList(Collections.singletonList("row_id")),
                     indicator == null ? null : Collections.singletonList(indicator),
-                    Collections.singletonList(BuiltinType.AINT64), -1, false, false, 0);
+                    Collections.singletonList(BuiltinType.AINT64), -1, false, false, false, 0);
 
             MetadataNode mockMetadataNode = mock(MetadataNode.class);
             when(mockMetadataNode.getDatatype(any(), anyString(), anyString())).thenReturn(new Datatype("test", "d1",
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-om/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/formats/base/IDataFormat.java b/asterixdb/asterix-om/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/formats/base/IDataFormat.java
index ded0eca..5be58cb 100644
--- a/asterixdb/asterix-om/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/formats/base/IDataFormat.java
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-om/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/formats/base/IDataFormat.java
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
 import org.apache.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.IPredicateEvaluatorFactoryProvider;
 
 public interface IDataFormat {
-    public void registerRuntimeFunctions(List<IFunctionDescriptorFactory> funcDescriptor) throws AlgebricksException;
+    public void registerRuntimeFunctions(List<IFunctionDescriptorFactory> funcDescriptor);
 
     public ISerializerDeserializerProvider getSerdeProvider();
 
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-om/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/om/functions/IFunctionManager.java b/asterixdb/asterix-om/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/om/functions/IFunctionManager.java
index ce1dac1..f7c11ff 100644
--- a/asterixdb/asterix-om/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/om/functions/IFunctionManager.java
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-om/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/om/functions/IFunctionManager.java
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@
 
 public interface IFunctionManager extends Iterable<IFunctionDescriptorFactory> {
 
-    public void registerFunction(IFunctionDescriptorFactory descriptorFactory) throws AlgebricksException;
+    public void registerFunction(IFunctionDescriptorFactory descriptorFactory);
 
-    public void unregisterFunction(IFunctionDescriptorFactory descriptorFactory) throws AlgebricksException;
+    public void unregisterFunction(IFunctionDescriptorFactory descriptorFactory);
 
     public IFunctionDescriptor lookupFunction(FunctionIdentifier fid) throws AlgebricksException;
 }
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/runtime/evaluators/common/FunctionManagerImpl.java b/asterixdb/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/runtime/evaluators/common/FunctionManagerImpl.java
index 034cfeb..ae9a700 100644
--- a/asterixdb/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/runtime/evaluators/common/FunctionManagerImpl.java
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/runtime/evaluators/common/FunctionManagerImpl.java
@@ -49,14 +49,13 @@
     }
 
     @Override
-    public synchronized void registerFunction(IFunctionDescriptorFactory descriptorFactory) throws AlgebricksException {
+    public synchronized void registerFunction(IFunctionDescriptorFactory descriptorFactory) {
         FunctionIdentifier fid = descriptorFactory.createFunctionDescriptor().getIdentifier();
         functions.put(new Pair<FunctionIdentifier, Integer>(fid, fid.getArity()), descriptorFactory);
     }
 
     @Override
-    public synchronized void unregisterFunction(IFunctionDescriptorFactory descriptorFactory)
-            throws AlgebricksException {
+    public synchronized void unregisterFunction(IFunctionDescriptorFactory descriptorFactory) {
         FunctionIdentifier fid = descriptorFactory.createFunctionDescriptor().getIdentifier();
         Pair<FunctionIdentifier, Integer> key = new Pair<>(fid, fid.getArity());
         functions.remove(key);
diff --git a/asterixdb/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/runtime/formats/NonTaggedDataFormat.java b/asterixdb/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/runtime/formats/NonTaggedDataFormat.java
index 7f4b9c4..33d9f45 100644
--- a/asterixdb/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/runtime/formats/NonTaggedDataFormat.java
+++ b/asterixdb/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/org/apache/asterix/runtime/formats/NonTaggedDataFormat.java
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 import java.util.Map;
 
 import org.apache.asterix.common.config.GlobalConfig;
+import org.apache.asterix.common.exceptions.AsterixException;
+import org.apache.asterix.common.exceptions.ErrorCode;
 import org.apache.asterix.dataflow.data.nontagged.MissingWriterFactory;
 import org.apache.asterix.formats.base.IDataFormat;
 import org.apache.asterix.formats.nontagged.ADMPrinterFactoryProvider;
@@ -63,9 +65,6 @@
 import org.apache.asterix.om.utils.RecordUtil;
 import org.apache.asterix.runtime.evaluators.common.CreateMBREvalFactory;
 import org.apache.asterix.runtime.evaluators.common.FunctionManagerImpl;
-import org.apache.asterix.runtime.evaluators.functions.records.FieldAccessByIndexEvalFactory;
-import org.apache.asterix.runtime.evaluators.functions.records.FieldAccessByNameDescriptor;
-import org.apache.asterix.runtime.evaluators.functions.records.FieldAccessNestedEvalFactory;
 import org.apache.commons.lang3.mutable.Mutable;
 import org.apache.commons.lang3.mutable.MutableObject;
 import org.apache.hyracks.algebricks.common.exceptions.AlgebricksException;
@@ -132,7 +131,7 @@
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void registerRuntimeFunctions(List<IFunctionDescriptorFactory> funcDescriptors) throws AlgebricksException {
+    public void registerRuntimeFunctions(List<IFunctionDescriptorFactory> funcDescriptors) {
 
         if (registered) {
             return;
@@ -152,6 +151,15 @@
         registerTypeInferers();
     }
 
+    private IFunctionDescriptor lookupRuntimeFunction(FunctionIdentifier funcId)
+            throws AlgebricksException {
+        IFunctionManager mgr = FunctionManagerHolder.getFunctionManager();
+        if (mgr == null) {
+            throw new AsterixException(ErrorCode.COMPILATION_ILLEGAL_STATE, funcId);
+        }
+        return mgr.lookupFunction(funcId);
+    }
+
     @Override
     public IBinaryBooleanInspectorFactory getBinaryBooleanInspectorFactory() {
         return BinaryBooleanInspector.FACTORY;
@@ -181,17 +189,16 @@
     @Override
     public IScalarEvaluatorFactory getFieldAccessEvaluatorFactory(ARecordType recType, List<String> fldName,
             int recordColumn) throws AlgebricksException {
-        String[] names = recType.getFieldNames();
-        int n = names.length;
-        boolean fieldFound = false;
         IScalarEvaluatorFactory recordEvalFactory = new ColumnAccessEvalFactory(recordColumn);
-        ArrayBackedValueStorage abvs = new ArrayBackedValueStorage();
-        DataOutput dos = abvs.getDataOutput();
-        IScalarEvaluatorFactory evalFactory = null;
+
         if (fldName.size() == 1) {
-            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-                if (names[i].equals(fldName.get(0))) {
-                    fieldFound = true;
+            String[] names = recType.getFieldNames();
+            ArrayBackedValueStorage abvs = new ArrayBackedValueStorage();
+            DataOutput dos = abvs.getDataOutput();
+
+            String fieldName = fldName.get(0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
+                if (names[i].equals(fieldName)) {
                     try {
                         AInt32 ai = new AInt32(i);
                         SerializerDeserializerProvider.INSTANCE.getSerializerDeserializer(ai.getType()).serialize(ai,
@@ -201,42 +208,35 @@
                     }
                     IScalarEvaluatorFactory fldIndexEvalFactory =
                             new ConstantEvalFactory(Arrays.copyOf(abvs.getByteArray(), abvs.getLength()));
+                    IFunctionDescriptor fDesc = lookupRuntimeFunction(BuiltinFunctions.FIELD_ACCESS_BY_INDEX);
+                    fDesc.setImmutableStates(recType);
+                    return fDesc.createEvaluatorFactory(
+                            new IScalarEvaluatorFactory[] { recordEvalFactory, fldIndexEvalFactory });
+                }
+            }
 
-                    evalFactory = new FieldAccessByIndexEvalFactory(recordEvalFactory, fldIndexEvalFactory, recType);
-                    return evalFactory;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        if (fldName.size() > 1 || (!fieldFound && recType.isOpen())) {
-            if (fldName.size() == 1) {
-                AString as = new AString(fldName.get(0));
+            if (recType.isOpen()) {
+                AString as = new AString(fieldName);
                 try {
-                    SerializerDeserializerProvider.INSTANCE.getSerializerDeserializer(as.getType()).serialize(as,
-                            dos);
+                    SerializerDeserializerProvider.INSTANCE.getSerializerDeserializer(as.getType()).serialize(as, dos);
                 } catch (HyracksDataException e) {
                     throw new AlgebricksException(e);
                 }
-            } else {
-                AOrderedList as = new AOrderedList(fldName);
-                try {
-                    SerializerDeserializerProvider.INSTANCE.getSerializerDeserializer(as.getType()).serialize(as,
-                            dos);
-                } catch (HyracksDataException e) {
-                    throw new AlgebricksException(e);
-                }
+                IScalarEvaluatorFactory fldNameEvalFactory =
+                        new ConstantEvalFactory(Arrays.copyOf(abvs.getByteArray(), abvs.getLength()));
+                IFunctionDescriptor fDesc = lookupRuntimeFunction(BuiltinFunctions.FIELD_ACCESS_BY_NAME);
+                return fDesc.createEvaluatorFactory(
+                        new IScalarEvaluatorFactory[] { recordEvalFactory, fldNameEvalFactory });
             }
-            IScalarEvaluatorFactory[] factories = new IScalarEvaluatorFactory[2];
-            factories[0] = recordEvalFactory;
-            if (fldName.size() > 1) {
-                evalFactory = new FieldAccessNestedEvalFactory(recordEvalFactory, recType, fldName);
-            } else {
-                evalFactory = FieldAccessByNameDescriptor.FACTORY.createFunctionDescriptor()
-                        .createEvaluatorFactory(factories);
-            }
-            return evalFactory;
-        } else {
-            throw new AlgebricksException("Could not find field " + fldName + " in the schema.");
         }
+
+        if (fldName.size() > 1) {
+            IFunctionDescriptor fDesc = lookupRuntimeFunction(BuiltinFunctions.FIELD_ACCESS_NESTED);
+            fDesc.setImmutableStates(recType, fldName);
+            return fDesc.createEvaluatorFactory(new IScalarEvaluatorFactory[] { recordEvalFactory });
+        }
+
+        throw new AlgebricksException("Could not find field " + fldName + " in the schema.");
     }
 
     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@@ -301,10 +301,12 @@
                     }
                     IScalarEvaluatorFactory fldIndexEvalFactory =
                             new ConstantEvalFactory(Arrays.copyOf(abvs.getByteArray(), abvs.getLength()));
-                    IScalarEvaluatorFactory evalFactory =
-                            new FieldAccessByIndexEvalFactory(recordEvalFactory, fldIndexEvalFactory, recType);
-                    IFunctionInfo finfoAccess = BuiltinFunctions
-                            .getAsterixFunctionInfo(BuiltinFunctions.FIELD_ACCESS_BY_INDEX);
+                    IFunctionDescriptor fDesc = lookupRuntimeFunction(BuiltinFunctions.FIELD_ACCESS_BY_INDEX);
+                    fDesc.setImmutableStates(recType);
+                    IScalarEvaluatorFactory evalFactory = fDesc.createEvaluatorFactory(
+                            new IScalarEvaluatorFactory[] { recordEvalFactory, fldIndexEvalFactory });
+                    IFunctionInfo finfoAccess =
+                            BuiltinFunctions.getAsterixFunctionInfo(BuiltinFunctions.FIELD_ACCESS_BY_INDEX);
 
                     ScalarFunctionCallExpression partitionFun = new ScalarFunctionCallExpression(finfoAccess,
                             new MutableObject<ILogicalExpression>(new VariableReferenceExpression(METADATA_DUMMY_VAR)),
@@ -325,9 +327,11 @@
             } catch (HyracksDataException e) {
                 throw new AlgebricksException(e);
             }
-            IScalarEvaluatorFactory evalFactory = new FieldAccessNestedEvalFactory(recordEvalFactory, recType, fldName);
-            IFunctionInfo finfoAccess =
-                    BuiltinFunctions.getAsterixFunctionInfo(BuiltinFunctions.FIELD_ACCESS_NESTED);
+            IFunctionDescriptor fDesc = lookupRuntimeFunction(BuiltinFunctions.FIELD_ACCESS_NESTED);
+            fDesc.setImmutableStates(recType, fldName);
+            IScalarEvaluatorFactory evalFactory =
+                    fDesc.createEvaluatorFactory(new IScalarEvaluatorFactory[] { recordEvalFactory });
+            IFunctionInfo finfoAccess = BuiltinFunctions.getAsterixFunctionInfo(BuiltinFunctions.FIELD_ACCESS_NESTED);
 
             ScalarFunctionCallExpression partitionFun = new ScalarFunctionCallExpression(finfoAccess,
                     new MutableObject<ILogicalExpression>(new VariableReferenceExpression(METADATA_DUMMY_VAR)),