diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/api/IBTreeFrame.java b/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/api/IBTreeFrame.java
index affc8ce..7a61d09 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/api/IBTreeFrame.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/api/IBTreeFrame.java
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 
 public interface IBTreeFrame extends ITreeIndexFrame {
 	public int findUpdateTupleIndex(ITupleReference tuple) throws TreeIndexException;
-	public int findInsertTupleIndex(ITupleReference tuple) throws TreeIndexException;
+	public int findInsertTupleIndex(ITupleReference tuple) throws TreeIndexException;	
 	public int findDeleteTupleIndex(ITupleReference tuple) throws TreeIndexException;
 	public void insertSorted(ITupleReference tuple);
     public boolean getSmFlag();
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/api/IBTreeLeafFrame.java b/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/api/IBTreeLeafFrame.java
index 3c5bce8..74bf2b0 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/api/IBTreeLeafFrame.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/api/IBTreeLeafFrame.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.exceptions.HyracksDataException;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.common.data.accessors.ITupleReference;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexTupleReference;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.TreeIndexException;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.ophelpers.FindTupleMode;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.ophelpers.FindTupleNoExactMatchPolicy;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.ophelpers.MultiComparator;
@@ -29,4 +30,7 @@
 
     public int findTupleIndex(ITupleReference searchKey, ITreeIndexTupleReference pageTuple, MultiComparator cmp,
             FindTupleMode ftm, FindTupleNoExactMatchPolicy ftp) throws HyracksDataException;
+    
+    public int findUpsertTupleIndex(ITupleReference tuple) throws TreeIndexException;
+    public ITupleReference getUpsertBeforeTuple(ITupleReference tuple, int targetTupleIndex) throws TreeIndexException;
 }
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/dataflow/BTreeDataflowHelper.java b/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/dataflow/BTreeDataflowHelper.java
index 68a1a24..a31a57c 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/dataflow/BTreeDataflowHelper.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/dataflow/BTreeDataflowHelper.java
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.TreeIndexDataflowHelper;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls.NoOpOperationCallback;
 
 public class BTreeDataflowHelper extends TreeIndexDataflowHelper {
     public BTreeDataflowHelper(IIndexOperatorDescriptor opDesc, IHyracksTaskContext ctx, int partition,
@@ -33,9 +34,10 @@
     @Override
     public ITreeIndex createIndexInstance() throws HyracksDataException {
         try {
+            // TODO: Figure out where to get the proper operation callback from.
             return BTreeUtils.createBTree(opDesc.getStorageManager().getBufferCache(ctx),
-                    treeOpDesc.getTreeIndexTypeTraits(), treeOpDesc.getTreeIndexComparatorFactories(),
-                    BTreeLeafFrameType.REGULAR_NSM);
+                    NoOpOperationCallback.INSTANCE, treeOpDesc.getTreeIndexTypeTraits(),
+                    treeOpDesc.getTreeIndexComparatorFactories(), BTreeLeafFrameType.REGULAR_NSM);
         } catch (BTreeException e) {
             throw new HyracksDataException(e);
         }
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/frames/BTreeFieldPrefixNSMLeafFrame.java b/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/frames/BTreeFieldPrefixNSMLeafFrame.java
index a82203f..fb2e833 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/frames/BTreeFieldPrefixNSMLeafFrame.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/frames/BTreeFieldPrefixNSMLeafFrame.java
@@ -366,6 +366,35 @@
     }
     
     @Override
+    public int findUpsertTupleIndex(ITupleReference tuple) throws TreeIndexException {
+        int slot = slotManager.findSlot(tuple, frameTuple, framePrefixTuple, cmp, FindTupleMode.INCLUSIVE,
+                FindTupleNoExactMatchPolicy.HIGHER_KEY);
+        int tupleIndex = slotManager.decodeSecondSlotField(slot);
+        // Error indicator is set if there is an exact match.
+        if (tupleIndex == slotManager.getErrorIndicator()) {
+            throw new BTreeDuplicateKeyException("Trying to insert duplicate key into leaf node.");
+        }
+        return slot;
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public ITupleReference getUpsertBeforeTuple(ITupleReference tuple, int targetTupleIndex) throws TreeIndexException {
+        int tupleIndex = slotManager.decodeSecondSlotField(targetTupleIndex);
+        // Examine the tuple index to determine whether it is valid or not.
+        if (tupleIndex != slotManager.getGreatestKeyIndicator()) {
+            // We need to check the key to determine whether it's an insert or an update.
+            frameTuple.resetByTupleIndex(this, tupleIndex);
+            if (cmp.compare(tuple, frameTuple) == 0) {
+                // The keys match, it's an update.
+                return frameTuple;
+            }
+        }
+        // Either the tuple index is a special indicator, or the keys don't match.
+        // In those cases, we are definitely dealing with an insert.
+        return null;
+    }
+    
+    @Override
     public int findUpdateTupleIndex(ITupleReference tuple) throws TreeIndexException {
         int slot = slotManager.findSlot(tuple, frameTuple, framePrefixTuple, cmp, FindTupleMode.EXACT,
                 FindTupleNoExactMatchPolicy.HIGHER_KEY);
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/frames/BTreeNSMLeafFrame.java b/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/frames/BTreeNSMLeafFrame.java
index ac535aa..4b7f44b 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/frames/BTreeNSMLeafFrame.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/frames/BTreeNSMLeafFrame.java
@@ -78,6 +78,30 @@
     }
     
     @Override
+    public int findUpsertTupleIndex(ITupleReference tuple) throws TreeIndexException {
+        int tupleIndex = slotManager.findTupleIndex(tuple, frameTuple, cmp, FindTupleMode.INCLUSIVE,
+                FindTupleNoExactMatchPolicy.HIGHER_KEY);
+        // Just return the found tupleIndex. The caller will make the final decision whether to insert or update.
+        return tupleIndex;
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public ITupleReference getUpsertBeforeTuple(ITupleReference tuple, int targetTupleIndex) throws TreeIndexException {
+        // Examine the tuple index to determine whether it is valid or not.
+        if (targetTupleIndex != slotManager.getGreatestKeyIndicator()) {
+            // We need to check the key to determine whether it's an insert or an update.
+            frameTuple.resetByTupleIndex(this, targetTupleIndex);
+            if (cmp.compare(tuple, frameTuple) == 0) {
+                // The keys match, it's an update.
+                return frameTuple;
+            }
+        }
+        // Either the tuple index is a special indicator, or the keys don't match.
+        // In those cases, we are definitely dealing with an insert.
+        return null;
+    }
+    
+    @Override
     public int findDeleteTupleIndex(ITupleReference tuple) throws TreeIndexException {
         int tupleIndex = slotManager.findTupleIndex(tuple, frameTuple, cmp, FindTupleMode.EXACT,
                 FindTupleNoExactMatchPolicy.HIGHER_KEY);
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/impls/BTree.java b/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/impls/BTree.java
index 8177d16..682ada7 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/impls/BTree.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/impls/BTree.java
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IFreePageManager;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IIndexBulkLoadContext;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IIndexCursor;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IOperationCallback;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ISearchPredicate;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexAccessor;
@@ -62,6 +63,7 @@
         
     private final IFreePageManager freePageManager;
     private final IBufferCache bufferCache;    
+    private final IOperationCallback opCallback;
     private final ITreeIndexFrameFactory interiorFrameFactory;
     private final ITreeIndexFrameFactory leafFrameFactory;
     private final int fieldCount;
@@ -69,9 +71,10 @@
     private final ReadWriteLock treeLatch;
     private int fileId;
 
-    public BTree(IBufferCache bufferCache, int fieldCount, IBinaryComparatorFactory[] cmpFactories, IFreePageManager freePageManager,
+    public BTree(IBufferCache bufferCache, IOperationCallback opCallback, int fieldCount, IBinaryComparatorFactory[] cmpFactories, IFreePageManager freePageManager,
             ITreeIndexFrameFactory interiorFrameFactory, ITreeIndexFrameFactory leafFrameFactory) {
         this.bufferCache = bufferCache;
+        this.opCallback = opCallback;
         this.fieldCount = fieldCount;
         this.cmpFactories = cmpFactories;
         this.interiorFrameFactory = interiorFrameFactory;
@@ -255,6 +258,10 @@
     private void insert(ITupleReference tuple, BTreeOpContext ctx) throws HyracksDataException, TreeIndexException {
         insertUpdateOrDelete(tuple, ctx);
     }
+    
+    private void upsert(ITupleReference tuple, BTreeOpContext ctx) throws HyracksDataException, TreeIndexException {
+        insertUpdateOrDelete(tuple, ctx);
+    }
 
     private void update(ITupleReference tuple, BTreeOpContext ctx) throws HyracksDataException, TreeIndexException {
         // This call only allows updating of non-key fields.
@@ -270,10 +277,8 @@
         insertUpdateOrDelete(tuple, ctx);
     }
     
-    private boolean insertLeaf(ICachedPage node, int pageId, ITupleReference tuple, BTreeOpContext ctx) throws Exception {
-        ctx.leafFrame.setPage(node);
+    private boolean insertLeaf(ITupleReference tuple, int targetTupleIndex, int pageId, BTreeOpContext ctx) throws Exception {
         boolean restartOp = false;
-        int targetTupleIndex = ctx.leafFrame.findInsertTupleIndex(tuple);
         FrameOpSpaceStatus spaceStatus = ctx.leafFrame.hasSpaceInsert(tuple);
         switch (spaceStatus) {
             case SUFFICIENT_CONTIGUOUS_SPACE: {
@@ -306,9 +311,7 @@
                 }
                 break;
             }
-        }
-        node.releaseWriteLatch();
-        bufferCache.unpin(node);
+        }        
         return restartOp;
     }
     
@@ -358,9 +361,7 @@
         return false;
     }
     
-    private boolean updateLeaf(ICachedPage node, int pageId, ITupleReference tuple, BTreeOpContext ctx) throws Exception {
-        ctx.leafFrame.setPage(node);
-        int oldTupleIndex = ctx.leafFrame.findUpdateTupleIndex(tuple);
+    private boolean updateLeaf(ITupleReference tuple, int oldTupleIndex, int pageId, BTreeOpContext ctx) throws Exception {
         FrameOpSpaceStatus spaceStatus = ctx.leafFrame.hasSpaceUpdate(tuple, oldTupleIndex);
         boolean restartOp = false;
         switch (spaceStatus) {
@@ -399,11 +400,23 @@
                 break;
             }
         }
-        node.releaseWriteLatch();
-        bufferCache.unpin(node);
         return restartOp;
     }
 
+    private boolean upsertLeaf(ITupleReference tuple, int targetTupleIndex, int pageId, BTreeOpContext ctx) throws Exception {
+        boolean restartOp = false;
+        ITupleReference beforeTuple = ctx.leafFrame.getUpsertBeforeTuple(tuple, targetTupleIndex);
+        if (beforeTuple == null) {
+            opCallback.pre(null);
+            restartOp = insertLeaf(tuple, targetTupleIndex, pageId, ctx);
+        } else {
+            opCallback.pre(beforeTuple);
+            restartOp = updateLeaf(tuple, targetTupleIndex, pageId, ctx);
+        }
+        opCallback.post(tuple);
+        return restartOp;
+    }
+    
     private void insertInterior(ICachedPage node, int pageId, ITupleReference tuple, BTreeOpContext ctx)
             throws Exception {
         ctx.interiorFrame.setPage(node);
@@ -462,14 +475,11 @@
         // Simply delete the tuple, and don't do any rebalancing.
         // This means that there could be underflow, even an empty page that is
         // pointed to by an interior node.
-        ctx.leafFrame.setPage(node);
         if (ctx.leafFrame.getTupleCount() == 0) {
             throw new BTreeNonExistentKeyException("Trying to delete a tuple with a nonexistent key in leaf node.");
         }
         int tupleIndex = ctx.leafFrame.findDeleteTupleIndex(tuple);
         ctx.leafFrame.delete(tuple, tupleIndex);
-        node.releaseWriteLatch();
-        bufferCache.unpin(node);
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -554,6 +564,7 @@
                         
                         switch (ctx.op) {
                             case INSERT:
+                            case UPSERT:
                             case UPDATE: {
                                 // Is there a propagated split key?
                                 if (ctx.splitKey.getBuffer() != null) {
@@ -614,13 +625,21 @@
             } else { // isLeaf and !smFlag
                 // We may have to restart an op to avoid latch deadlock.
             	boolean restartOp = false;
+            	ctx.leafFrame.setPage(node);
             	switch (ctx.op) {
-                    case INSERT: {
-                        restartOp = insertLeaf(node, pageId, ctx.pred.getLowKey(), ctx);
+                    case INSERT: {                        
+                        int targetTupleIndex = ctx.leafFrame.findInsertTupleIndex(ctx.pred.getLowKey());
+                        restartOp = insertLeaf(ctx.pred.getLowKey(), targetTupleIndex, pageId, ctx);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    case UPSERT: {
+                        int targetTupleIndex = ctx.leafFrame.findUpsertTupleIndex(ctx.pred.getLowKey());
+                        restartOp = upsertLeaf(ctx.pred.getLowKey(), targetTupleIndex, pageId, ctx);
                         break;
                     }
                     case UPDATE: {
-                    	restartOp = updateLeaf(node, pageId, ctx.pred.getLowKey(), ctx);
+                        int oldTupleIndex = ctx.leafFrame.findUpdateTupleIndex(ctx.pred.getLowKey());
+                    	restartOp = updateLeaf(ctx.pred.getLowKey(), oldTupleIndex, pageId, ctx);
                         break;
                     }
                     case DELETE: {
@@ -633,6 +652,10 @@
                         break;
                     }
                 }
+            	if (ctx.op != IndexOp.SEARCH) {
+            	    node.releaseWriteLatch();
+                    bufferCache.unpin(node);
+            	}
             	if (restartOp) {
             		ctx.pageLsns.removeLast();
                     ctx.pageLsns.add(RESTART_OP);
@@ -1016,7 +1039,13 @@
             ctx.reset(IndexOp.DELETE);
             btree.delete(tuple, ctx);
         }
-
+        
+        @Override
+        public void upsert(ITupleReference tuple) throws HyracksDataException, TreeIndexException {
+            ctx.reset(IndexOp.UPSERT);
+            btree.upsert(tuple, ctx);
+        }
+        
         @Override
 		public ITreeIndexCursor createSearchCursor() {
 			IBTreeLeafFrame leafFrame = (IBTreeLeafFrame) btree.getLeafFrameFactory().createFrame();
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/impls/BTreeOpContext.java b/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/impls/BTreeOpContext.java
index 8a0b381..23a14eb 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/impls/BTreeOpContext.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/impls/BTreeOpContext.java
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
                 cursorInitialState = new BTreeCursorInitialState(null);
             }
         } else {
-            // Insert, update or delete operation.
+            // Insert, delete, update or upsert operation.
             if (smPages == null) {
                 smPages = new IntArrayList(INIT_ARRAYLIST_SIZE, INIT_ARRAYLIST_SIZE);
             }
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/util/BTreeUtils.java b/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/util/BTreeUtils.java
index 48b5b38..57e3a96 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/util/BTreeUtils.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/util/BTreeUtils.java
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.frames.BTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.impls.BTree;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IFreePageManager;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IOperationCallback;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexMetaDataFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexTupleWriterFactory;
@@ -21,13 +22,13 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.IBufferCache;
 
 public class BTreeUtils {
-    public static BTree createBTree(IBufferCache bufferCache, ITypeTraits[] typeTraits, IBinaryComparatorFactory[] cmpFactories, BTreeLeafFrameType leafType) throws BTreeException {
+    public static BTree createBTree(IBufferCache bufferCache, IOperationCallback opCallback, ITypeTraits[] typeTraits, IBinaryComparatorFactory[] cmpFactories, BTreeLeafFrameType leafType) throws BTreeException {
         TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory tupleWriterFactory = new TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory(typeTraits);
         ITreeIndexFrameFactory leafFrameFactory = getLeafFrameFactory(tupleWriterFactory, leafType);
         ITreeIndexFrameFactory interiorFrameFactory = new BTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory(tupleWriterFactory);
         ITreeIndexMetaDataFrameFactory metaFrameFactory = new LIFOMetaDataFrameFactory();
         IFreePageManager freePageManager = new LinkedListFreePageManager(bufferCache, 0, metaFrameFactory);
-        BTree btree = new BTree(bufferCache, typeTraits.length, cmpFactories, freePageManager, interiorFrameFactory, leafFrameFactory);
+        BTree btree = new BTree(bufferCache, opCallback, typeTraits.length, cmpFactories, freePageManager, interiorFrameFactory, leafFrameFactory);
         return btree;
     }
     
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/api/IIndexAccessor.java b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/api/IIndexAccessor.java
index e799599..202769f 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/api/IIndexAccessor.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/api/IIndexAccessor.java
@@ -65,6 +65,21 @@
     public void delete(ITupleReference tuple) throws HyracksDataException, IndexException;
 
     /**
+     * This operation is only supported by indexes with the notion of a unique key.
+     * If tuple's key already exists, then this operation performs an update.
+     * Otherwise, it performs an insert.
+     * 
+     * @param tuple
+     *            Tuple to be deleted.
+     * @throws HyracksDataException
+     *             If the BufferCache throws while un/pinning or un/latching.
+     * @throws IndexException
+     *             If there is no matching tuple in the index.
+     * 
+     */
+    public void upsert(ITupleReference tuple) throws HyracksDataException, IndexException;
+    
+    /**
      * Creates a cursor appropriate for passing into search().
      * 
      */
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/impls/NoOpOperationCallback.java b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/impls/NoOpOperationCallback.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd7ca70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/impls/NoOpOperationCallback.java
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2009-2010 by The Regents of the University of California
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * you may obtain a copy of the License from
+ * 
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls;
+
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.common.data.accessors.ITupleReference;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IOperationCallback;
+
+/**
+ * Dummy operation callback that simply does nothing. Mainly, intended to be
+ * used in non-transaction access method testing.
+ * 
+ */
+public class NoOpOperationCallback implements IOperationCallback {
+
+    public static IOperationCallback INSTANCE = new NoOpOperationCallback();
+    
+    @Override
+    public void pre(ITupleReference tuple) {
+        
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void post(ITupleReference tuple) {
+    }
+}
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/ophelpers/IndexOp.java b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/ophelpers/IndexOp.java
index 780acd8..4b5a492 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/ophelpers/IndexOp.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/ophelpers/IndexOp.java
@@ -16,5 +16,5 @@
 package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.ophelpers;
 
 public enum IndexOp {
-	INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE, SEARCH, DISKORDERSCAN
+	INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE, UPSERT, SEARCH, DISKORDERSCAN
 }
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/impls/InvertedIndex.java b/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/impls/InvertedIndex.java
index b79a795..722cacc 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/impls/InvertedIndex.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/impls/InvertedIndex.java
@@ -319,6 +319,11 @@
         }
 
         @Override
+        public void upsert(ITupleReference tuple) throws HyracksDataException, TreeIndexException {
+        	// TODO Auto-generated method stub
+        }
+        
+        @Override
         public IIndexCursor createSearchCursor() {
             return new InvertedIndexSearchCursor(searcher);
         }
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/dataflow/LSMBTreeDataflowHelper.java b/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/dataflow/LSMBTreeDataflowHelper.java
index fe4cdc2..0ad8aa1 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/dataflow/LSMBTreeDataflowHelper.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/dataflow/LSMBTreeDataflowHelper.java
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.IIndexOperatorDescriptor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.dataflow.TreeIndexDataflowHelper;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.frames.LIFOMetaDataFrameFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls.NoOpOperationCallback;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.lsm.btree.util.LSMBTreeUtils;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.lsm.common.freepage.InMemoryBufferCache;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.lsm.common.freepage.InMemoryFreePageManager;
@@ -62,7 +63,8 @@
             file.delete();
         }
         InMemoryFreePageManager memFreePageManager = new InMemoryFreePageManager(memNumPages, metaDataFrameFactory);
-        return LSMBTreeUtils.createLSMTree(memBufferCache, memFreePageManager, (IOManager) ctx.getIOManager(), file
+        // TODO: Figure out where to get the proper operation callback from.
+        return LSMBTreeUtils.createLSMTree(memBufferCache, NoOpOperationCallback.INSTANCE, memFreePageManager, (IOManager) ctx.getIOManager(), file
                 .getFile().getPath(), opDesc.getStorageManager().getBufferCache(ctx), opDesc
                 .getStorageManager().getFileMapProvider(ctx), treeOpDesc.getTreeIndexTypeTraits(), treeOpDesc
                 .getTreeIndexComparatorFactories());
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/impls/LSMBTree.java b/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/impls/LSMBTree.java
index ef380f4..dee8072 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/impls/LSMBTree.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/impls/LSMBTree.java
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IIndexBulkLoadContext;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IIndexCursor;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IIndexOpContext;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IOperationCallback;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ISearchPredicate;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexAccessor;
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@
     
     private final LSMHarness lsmHarness;
     
-    // In-memory components.
+    // In-memory components.   
     private final BTree memBTree;
     private final InMemoryFreePageManager memFreePageManager;
 
@@ -87,11 +88,11 @@
     
     private boolean isOpen = false;
     
-    public LSMBTree(IBufferCache memBufferCache, InMemoryFreePageManager memFreePageManager,
+    public LSMBTree(IBufferCache memBufferCache, IOperationCallback memOpCallback, InMemoryFreePageManager memFreePageManager,
             ITreeIndexFrameFactory interiorFrameFactory, ITreeIndexFrameFactory insertLeafFrameFactory,
             ITreeIndexFrameFactory deleteLeafFrameFactory, ILSMFileManager fileNameManager, BTreeFactory diskBTreeFactory,
             BTreeFactory bulkLoadBTreeFactory, IFileMapProvider diskFileMapProvider, int fieldCount, IBinaryComparatorFactory[] cmpFactories) {
-        memBTree = new BTree(memBufferCache, fieldCount, cmpFactories, memFreePageManager, interiorFrameFactory,
+        memBTree = new BTree(memBufferCache, memOpCallback, fieldCount, cmpFactories, memFreePageManager, interiorFrameFactory,
                 insertLeafFrameFactory);
         this.memFreePageManager = memFreePageManager;
         this.insertLeafFrameFactory = insertLeafFrameFactory;
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/util/LSMBTreeUtils.java b/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/util/LSMBTreeUtils.java
index a27adf5..865a512 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/util/LSMBTreeUtils.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/util/LSMBTreeUtils.java
@@ -20,10 +20,12 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.control.nc.io.IOManager;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.frames.BTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.frames.BTreeNSMLeafFrameFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IOperationCallback;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexMetaDataFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.frames.LIFOMetaDataFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.freepage.LinkedListFreePageManagerFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls.NoOpOperationCallback;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.lsm.btree.impls.LSMBTree;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.lsm.btree.tuples.LSMBTreeCopyTupleWriterFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.lsm.btree.tuples.LSMBTreeTupleWriterFactory;
@@ -36,7 +38,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.file.IFileMapProvider;
 
 public class LSMBTreeUtils {
-    public static LSMBTree createLSMTree(InMemoryBufferCache memBufferCache,
+    public static LSMBTree createLSMTree(InMemoryBufferCache memBufferCache, IOperationCallback memOpCallback,
             InMemoryFreePageManager memFreePageManager, IOManager ioManager, String onDiskDir, IBufferCache diskBufferCache,
             IFileMapProvider diskFileMapProvider, ITypeTraits[] typeTraits, IBinaryComparatorFactory[] cmpFactories) {
         LSMBTreeTupleWriterFactory insertTupleWriterFactory = new LSMBTreeTupleWriterFactory(typeTraits,
@@ -52,12 +54,13 @@
         ITreeIndexMetaDataFrameFactory metaFrameFactory = new LIFOMetaDataFrameFactory();
         LinkedListFreePageManagerFactory freePageManagerFactory = new LinkedListFreePageManagerFactory(diskBufferCache,
                 metaFrameFactory);
-        BTreeFactory diskBTreeFactory = new BTreeFactory(diskBufferCache, freePageManagerFactory, cmpFactories,
-                typeTraits.length, interiorFrameFactory, copyTupleLeafFrameFactory);
-        BTreeFactory bulkLoadBTreeFactory = new BTreeFactory(diskBufferCache, freePageManagerFactory, cmpFactories,
-                typeTraits.length, interiorFrameFactory, insertLeafFrameFactory);
+        BTreeFactory diskBTreeFactory = new BTreeFactory(diskBufferCache, NoOpOperationCallback.INSTANCE,
+                freePageManagerFactory, cmpFactories, typeTraits.length, interiorFrameFactory,
+                copyTupleLeafFrameFactory);
+        BTreeFactory bulkLoadBTreeFactory = new BTreeFactory(diskBufferCache, NoOpOperationCallback.INSTANCE,
+                freePageManagerFactory, cmpFactories, typeTraits.length, interiorFrameFactory, insertLeafFrameFactory);
         ILSMFileManager fileNameManager = new LSMTreeFileManager(ioManager, diskFileMapProvider, onDiskDir);
-        LSMBTree lsmTree = new LSMBTree(memBufferCache, memFreePageManager, interiorFrameFactory,
+        LSMBTree lsmTree = new LSMBTree(memBufferCache, memOpCallback, memFreePageManager, interiorFrameFactory,
                 insertLeafFrameFactory, deleteLeafFrameFactory, fileNameManager, diskBTreeFactory,
                 bulkLoadBTreeFactory, diskFileMapProvider, typeTraits.length, cmpFactories);
         return lsmTree;
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/common/impls/BTreeFactory.java b/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/common/impls/BTreeFactory.java
index b51b84b..0578976 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/common/impls/BTreeFactory.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/common/impls/BTreeFactory.java
@@ -17,21 +17,25 @@
 
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.IBinaryComparatorFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.impls.BTree;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IOperationCallback;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.freepage.LinkedListFreePageManagerFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.IBufferCache;
 
 public class BTreeFactory extends TreeFactory<BTree> {
 
-    public BTreeFactory(IBufferCache bufferCache, LinkedListFreePageManagerFactory freePageManagerFactory,
+    private final IOperationCallback opCallback;
+    
+    public BTreeFactory(IBufferCache bufferCache, IOperationCallback opCallback, LinkedListFreePageManagerFactory freePageManagerFactory,
             IBinaryComparatorFactory[] cmpFactories, int fieldCount, ITreeIndexFrameFactory interiorFrameFactory,
             ITreeIndexFrameFactory leafFrameFactory) {
         super(bufferCache, freePageManagerFactory, cmpFactories, fieldCount, interiorFrameFactory, leafFrameFactory);
+        this.opCallback = opCallback;
     }
 
     @Override
     public BTree createIndexInstance() {
-        return new BTree(bufferCache, fieldCount, cmpFactories, freePageManagerFactory.createFreePageManager(),
+        return new BTree(bufferCache, opCallback, fieldCount, cmpFactories, freePageManagerFactory.createFreePageManager(),
                 interiorFrameFactory, leafFrameFactory);
     }
 
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/common/impls/LSMTreeIndexAccessor.java b/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/common/impls/LSMTreeIndexAccessor.java
index b132337..28cea26 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/common/impls/LSMTreeIndexAccessor.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/common/impls/LSMTreeIndexAccessor.java
@@ -51,6 +51,12 @@
         ctx.reset(IndexOp.DELETE);
         lsmHarness.insertUpdateOrDelete(tuple, ctx);
     }
+    
+    @Override
+    public void upsert(ITupleReference tuple) throws HyracksDataException, IndexException {
+        ctx.reset(IndexOp.UPSERT);
+        lsmHarness.insertUpdateOrDelete(tuple, ctx);
+    }
 
     @Override
     public void search(IIndexCursor cursor, ISearchPredicate searchPred) throws HyracksDataException, IndexException {
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/impls/LSMRTree.java b/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/impls/LSMRTree.java
index 41da083..803706c 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/impls/LSMRTree.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/impls/LSMRTree.java
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IndexException;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IndexType;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.TreeIndexException;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls.NoOpOperationCallback;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.ophelpers.IndexOp;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.ophelpers.MultiComparator;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.lsm.common.api.ILSMComponentFinalizer;
@@ -119,8 +120,9 @@
             IBinaryComparatorFactory[] btreeCmpFactories) {
         RTree memRTree = new RTree(memBufferCache, fieldCount, rtreeCmpFactories, memFreePageManager,
                 rtreeInteriorFrameFactory, rtreeLeafFrameFactory);
-        BTree memBTree = new BTree(memBufferCache, fieldCount, btreeCmpFactories, memFreePageManager,
-                btreeInteriorFrameFactory, btreeLeafFrameFactory);
+        // TODO: Do we need another operation callback here?
+        BTree memBTree = new BTree(memBufferCache, NoOpOperationCallback.INSTANCE, fieldCount, btreeCmpFactories,
+                memFreePageManager, btreeInteriorFrameFactory, btreeLeafFrameFactory);
         memComponent = new LSMRTreeComponent(memRTree, memBTree);
         this.memFreePageManager = memFreePageManager;
         this.diskBufferCache = diskBTreeFactory.getBufferCache();
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/utils/LSMRTreeUtils.java b/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/utils/LSMRTreeUtils.java
index 163ce5c..a631d53 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/utils/LSMRTreeUtils.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/utils/LSMRTreeUtils.java
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexMetaDataFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.frames.LIFOMetaDataFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.freepage.LinkedListFreePageManagerFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls.NoOpOperationCallback;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.lsm.common.api.ILSMFileManager;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.lsm.common.freepage.InMemoryBufferCache;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.lsm.common.freepage.InMemoryFreePageManager;
@@ -61,8 +62,10 @@
 
         RTreeFactory diskRTreeFactory = new RTreeFactory(diskBufferCache, freePageManagerFactory, rtreeCmpFactories,
                 typeTraits.length, rtreeInteriorFrameFactory, rtreeLeafFrameFactory);
-        BTreeFactory diskBTreeFactory = new BTreeFactory(diskBufferCache, freePageManagerFactory, btreeCmpFactories,
-                typeTraits.length, btreeInteriorFrameFactory, btreeLeafFrameFactory);
+        // TODO: Do we need another operation callback here?
+        BTreeFactory diskBTreeFactory = new BTreeFactory(diskBufferCache, NoOpOperationCallback.INSTANCE,
+                freePageManagerFactory, btreeCmpFactories, typeTraits.length, btreeInteriorFrameFactory,
+                btreeLeafFrameFactory);
 
         ILSMFileManager fileNameManager = new LSMRTreeFileManager(ioManager, diskFileMapProvider, onDiskDir);
         LSMRTree lsmTree = new LSMRTree(memBufferCache, memFreePageManager, rtreeInteriorFrameFactory,
diff --git a/hyracks-storage-am-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/impls/RTree.java b/hyracks-storage-am-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/impls/RTree.java
index cf404c8..cc3cf5b 100644
--- a/hyracks-storage-am-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/impls/RTree.java
+++ b/hyracks-storage-am-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/impls/RTree.java
@@ -986,5 +986,11 @@
         public RTreeOpContext getOpContext() {
             return ctx;
         }
+
+        @Override
+        public void upsert(ITupleReference tuple) throws HyracksDataException, TreeIndexException {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+                    "The RTree does not suypport the notion of keys, therefore upsert does not make sense.");
+        }
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/OrderedIndexExamplesTest.java b/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/OrderedIndexExamplesTest.java
index a0af6e3..a29be89 100644
--- a/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/OrderedIndexExamplesTest.java
+++ b/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/OrderedIndexExamplesTest.java
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
             throws TreeIndexException;
 
     protected abstract int getIndexFileId();
-	
+    
     /**
      * Fixed-Length Key,Value Example.
      * 
diff --git a/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/OrderedIndexTestContext.java b/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/OrderedIndexTestContext.java
index ef23079..f75a1f1 100644
--- a/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/OrderedIndexTestContext.java
+++ b/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/OrderedIndexTestContext.java
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 
 package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree;
 
+import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.TreeSet;
 
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.ISerializerDeserializer;
@@ -31,6 +32,13 @@
         super(fieldSerdes, treeIndex);
     }
 
+    public void upsertCheckTuple(CheckTuple checkTuple, Collection<CheckTuple> checkTuples) {
+    	if (checkTuples.contains(checkTuple)) {
+            checkTuples.remove(checkTuple);
+        }
+        checkTuples.add(checkTuple);
+    }
+    
     @Override
     public TreeSet<CheckTuple> getCheckTuples() {
         return checkTuples;
diff --git a/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/OrderedIndexTestUtils.java b/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/OrderedIndexTestUtils.java
index 06d14b8..a053dde 100644
--- a/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/OrderedIndexTestUtils.java
+++ b/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/OrderedIndexTestUtils.java
@@ -207,6 +207,32 @@
             }
         }
     }
+    
+    public void upsertStringTuples(ITreeIndexTestContext ictx, int numTuples, Random rnd) throws Exception {
+    	OrderedIndexTestContext ctx = (OrderedIndexTestContext) ictx;
+    	int fieldCount = ctx.getFieldCount();
+        int numKeyFields = ctx.getKeyFieldCount();
+        String[] fieldValues = new String[fieldCount];
+        for (int i = 0; i < numTuples; i++) {
+            if (LOGGER.isLoggable(Level.INFO)) {
+                if ((i + 1) % (numTuples / Math.min(10, numTuples)) == 0) {
+                    LOGGER.info("Inserting Tuple " + (i + 1) + "/" + numTuples);
+                }
+            }
+            // Set keys.
+            for (int j = 0; j < numKeyFields; j++) {
+                int length = (Math.abs(rnd.nextInt()) % 10) + 1;
+                fieldValues[j] = getRandomString(length, rnd);
+            }
+            // Set values.
+            for (int j = numKeyFields; j < fieldCount; j++) {
+                fieldValues[j] = getRandomString(5, rnd);
+            }
+            TupleUtils.createTuple(ctx.getTupleBuilder(), ctx.getTuple(), ctx.getFieldSerdes(), (Object[]) fieldValues);
+            ctx.getIndexAccessor().upsert(ctx.getTuple());
+            ctx.upsertCheckTuple(createStringCheckTuple(fieldValues, ctx.getKeyFieldCount()), ctx.getCheckTuples());
+        }
+    }
 
     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
     public void bulkLoadStringTuples(ITreeIndexTestContext ctx, int numTuples, Random rnd) throws Exception {
@@ -236,6 +262,31 @@
         }
     }
 
+    public void upsertIntTuples(ITreeIndexTestContext ictx, int numTuples, Random rnd) throws Exception {
+        OrderedIndexTestContext ctx = (OrderedIndexTestContext) ictx;
+    	int fieldCount = ctx.getFieldCount();
+        int numKeyFields = ctx.getKeyFieldCount();
+        int[] fieldValues = new int[ctx.getFieldCount()];
+        // Scale range of values according to number of keys.
+        // For example, for 2 keys we want the square root of numTuples, for 3
+        // keys the cube root of numTuples, etc.
+        int maxValue = (int) Math.ceil(Math.pow(numTuples, 1.0 / (double) numKeyFields));
+        for (int i = 0; i < numTuples; i++) {
+            // Set keys.
+            setIntKeyFields(fieldValues, numKeyFields, maxValue, rnd);
+            // Set values.
+            setIntPayloadFields(fieldValues, numKeyFields, fieldCount);
+            TupleUtils.createIntegerTuple(ctx.getTupleBuilder(), ctx.getTuple(), fieldValues);
+            if (LOGGER.isLoggable(Level.INFO)) {
+                if ((i + 1) % (numTuples / Math.min(10, numTuples)) == 0) {
+                    LOGGER.info("Inserting Tuple " + (i + 1) + "/" + numTuples);
+                }
+            }
+            ctx.getIndexAccessor().upsert(ctx.getTuple());
+            ctx.upsertCheckTuple(createIntCheckTuple(fieldValues, ctx.getKeyFieldCount()), ctx.getCheckTuples());
+        }
+    }
+    
     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
     public void updateTuples(ITreeIndexTestContext ictx, int numTuples, Random rnd) throws Exception {
         OrderedIndexTestContext ctx = (OrderedIndexTestContext) ictx;
diff --git a/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/OrderedIndexUpsertTest.java b/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/OrderedIndexUpsertTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d94a18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/OrderedIndexUpsertTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2009-2010 by The Regents of the University of California
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * you may obtain a copy of the License from
+ * 
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree;
+
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.ISerializerDeserializer;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.common.data.accessors.ITupleReference;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.common.data.marshalling.IntegerSerializerDeserializer;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.common.data.marshalling.UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.frames.BTreeLeafFrameType;
+
+/**
+ * Tests the BTree insert operation with strings and integer fields using
+ * various numbers of key and payload fields.
+ * 
+ * Each tests first fills a BTree with randomly generated tuples. We compare the
+ * following operations against expected results: 1. Point searches for all
+ * tuples. 2. Ordered scan. 3. Disk-order scan. 4. Range search (and prefix
+ * search for composite keys).
+ * 
+ */
+@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
+public abstract class OrderedIndexUpsertTest extends OrderedIndexTestDriver {
+
+    private final OrderedIndexTestUtils orderedIndexTestUtils;
+
+    public OrderedIndexUpsertTest(BTreeLeafFrameType[] leafFrameTypesToTest) {
+        super(leafFrameTypesToTest);
+        this.orderedIndexTestUtils = new OrderedIndexTestUtils();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void runTest(ISerializerDeserializer[] fieldSerdes, int numKeys, BTreeLeafFrameType leafType,
+            ITupleReference lowKey, ITupleReference highKey, ITupleReference prefixLowKey, ITupleReference prefixHighKey)
+            throws Exception {
+        OrderedIndexTestContext ctx = createTestContext(fieldSerdes, numKeys, leafType);
+        // We assume all fieldSerdes are of the same type. Check the first one
+        // to determine which field types to generate.
+        if (fieldSerdes[0] instanceof IntegerSerializerDeserializer) {
+            orderedIndexTestUtils.upsertIntTuples(ctx, numTuplesToInsert, getRandom());
+        } else if (fieldSerdes[0] instanceof UTF8StringSerializerDeserializer) {
+            orderedIndexTestUtils.upsertStringTuples(ctx, numTuplesToInsert, getRandom());
+        }
+
+        orderedIndexTestUtils.checkPointSearches(ctx);
+        orderedIndexTestUtils.checkScan(ctx);
+        orderedIndexTestUtils.checkDiskOrderScan(ctx);
+
+        orderedIndexTestUtils.checkRangeSearch(ctx, lowKey, highKey, true, true);
+        if (prefixLowKey != null && prefixHighKey != null) {
+            orderedIndexTestUtils.checkRangeSearch(ctx, prefixLowKey, prefixHighKey, true, true);
+        }
+        ctx.getIndex().close();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected String getTestOpName() {
+        return "Insert";
+    }
+}
diff --git a/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/ITreeIndexTestContext.java b/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/ITreeIndexTestContext.java
index 9384757..9be3e29 100644
--- a/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/ITreeIndexTestContext.java
+++ b/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/ITreeIndexTestContext.java
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 
     public ArrayTupleBuilder getTupleBuilder();
 
-    public void insertCheckTuple(T checkTuple, Collection<T> checkTuples);
+    public void insertCheckTuple(T checkTuple, Collection<T> checkTuples);      
 
     public void deleteCheckTuple(T checkTuple, Collection<T> checkTuples);
 
diff --git a/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/TestOperationSelector.java b/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/TestOperationSelector.java
index d05e80e..1ae79a1 100644
--- a/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/TestOperationSelector.java
+++ b/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/TestOperationSelector.java
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
         INSERT,
         DELETE,
         UPDATE,
+        UPSERT,
         POINT_SEARCH,
         RANGE_SEARCH,
         SCAN,
diff --git a/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/TreeIndexTestUtils.java b/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/TreeIndexTestUtils.java
index b6a97ab..d16553a 100644
--- a/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/TreeIndexTestUtils.java
+++ b/hyracks-test-support/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/common/TreeIndexTestUtils.java
@@ -165,6 +165,36 @@
             }
         }
     }
+    
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public void upsertIntTuples(ITreeIndexTestContext ctx, int numTuples, Random rnd) throws Exception {
+        int fieldCount = ctx.getFieldCount();
+        int numKeyFields = ctx.getKeyFieldCount();
+        int[] fieldValues = new int[ctx.getFieldCount()];
+        // Scale range of values according to number of keys.
+        // For example, for 2 keys we want the square root of numTuples, for 3
+        // keys the cube root of numTuples, etc.
+        int maxValue = (int) Math.ceil(Math.pow(numTuples, 1.0 / (double) numKeyFields));
+        for (int i = 0; i < numTuples; i++) {
+            // Set keys.
+            setIntKeyFields(fieldValues, numKeyFields, maxValue, rnd);
+            // Set values.
+            setIntPayloadFields(fieldValues, numKeyFields, fieldCount);
+            TupleUtils.createIntegerTuple(ctx.getTupleBuilder(), ctx.getTuple(), fieldValues);
+            if (LOGGER.isLoggable(Level.INFO)) {
+                if ((i + 1) % (numTuples / Math.min(10, numTuples)) == 0) {
+                    LOGGER.info("Inserting Tuple " + (i + 1) + "/" + numTuples);
+                }
+            }
+            try {
+                ctx.getIndexAccessor().upsert(ctx.getTuple());
+                ctx.insertCheckTuple(createIntCheckTuple(fieldValues, ctx.getKeyFieldCount()), ctx.getCheckTuples());
+            } catch (TreeIndexException e) {
+                // We set expected values only after insertion succeeds because
+                // we ignore duplicate keys.
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
     public void bulkLoadIntTuples(ITreeIndexTestContext ctx, int numTuples, Random rnd) throws Exception {
diff --git a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/BTreeExamplesTest.java b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/BTreeExamplesTest.java
index 174afb4..f4f8b12 100644
--- a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/BTreeExamplesTest.java
+++ b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/BTreeExamplesTest.java
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
     }
     
     protected ITreeIndex createTreeIndex(ITypeTraits[] typeTraits, IBinaryComparatorFactory[] cmpFactories) throws TreeIndexException {
-        return BTreeUtils.createBTree(harness.getBufferCache(), typeTraits, cmpFactories,
+        return BTreeUtils.createBTree(harness.getBufferCache(), harness.getOpCallback(), typeTraits, cmpFactories,
                 BTreeLeafFrameType.REGULAR_NSM);
     }
     
diff --git a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/BTreeSearchCursorTest.java b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/BTreeSearchCursorTest.java
index 5b039d1..4003cf1 100644
--- a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/BTreeSearchCursorTest.java
+++ b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/BTreeSearchCursorTest.java
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexMetaDataFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.frames.LIFOMetaDataFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.freepage.LinkedListFreePageManager;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls.NoOpOperationCallback;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.ophelpers.MultiComparator;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.tuples.TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.IBufferCache;
@@ -99,7 +100,7 @@
 
         IFreePageManager freePageManager = new LinkedListFreePageManager(bufferCache, 0, metaFrameFactory);
 
-        BTree btree = new BTree(bufferCache, fieldCount, cmpFactories, freePageManager, interiorFrameFactory, leafFrameFactory);
+        BTree btree = new BTree(bufferCache, NoOpOperationCallback.INSTANCE, fieldCount, cmpFactories, freePageManager, interiorFrameFactory, leafFrameFactory);
         btree.create(btreeFileId);
         btree.open(btreeFileId);
 
@@ -172,7 +173,7 @@
 
         IFreePageManager freePageManager = new LinkedListFreePageManager(bufferCache, 0, metaFrameFactory);
 
-        BTree btree = new BTree(bufferCache, fieldCount, cmpFactories, freePageManager, interiorFrameFactory, leafFrameFactory);
+        BTree btree = new BTree(bufferCache, NoOpOperationCallback.INSTANCE, fieldCount, cmpFactories, freePageManager, interiorFrameFactory, leafFrameFactory);
         btree.create(btreeFileId);
         btree.open(btreeFileId);
 
@@ -242,7 +243,7 @@
 
         IFreePageManager freePageManager = new LinkedListFreePageManager(bufferCache, 0, metaFrameFactory);
 
-        BTree btree = new BTree(bufferCache, fieldCount, cmpFactories, freePageManager, interiorFrameFactory, leafFrameFactory);
+        BTree btree = new BTree(bufferCache, NoOpOperationCallback.INSTANCE, fieldCount, cmpFactories, freePageManager, interiorFrameFactory, leafFrameFactory);
         btree.create(btreeFileId);
         btree.open(btreeFileId);
 
diff --git a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/BTreeStatsTest.java b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/BTreeStatsTest.java
index 75041ab..c33b4e9 100644
--- a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/BTreeStatsTest.java
+++ b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/BTreeStatsTest.java
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.TreeIndexException;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.frames.LIFOMetaDataFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.freepage.LinkedListFreePageManager;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls.NoOpOperationCallback;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.tuples.TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.util.TreeIndexBufferCacheWarmup;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.util.TreeIndexStats;
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@
 
         IFreePageManager freePageManager = new LinkedListFreePageManager(bufferCache, 0, metaFrameFactory);
 
-        BTree btree = new BTree(bufferCache, fieldCount, cmpFactories, freePageManager, interiorFrameFactory, leafFrameFactory);
+        BTree btree = new BTree(bufferCache, NoOpOperationCallback.INSTANCE, fieldCount, cmpFactories, freePageManager, interiorFrameFactory, leafFrameFactory);
         btree.create(fileId);
         btree.open(fileId);
 
diff --git a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/BTreeUpdateSearchTest.java b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/BTreeUpdateSearchTest.java
index 9b66d07..2b03a6a 100644
--- a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/BTreeUpdateSearchTest.java
+++ b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/BTreeUpdateSearchTest.java
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.TreeIndexException;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.frames.LIFOMetaDataFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.freepage.LinkedListFreePageManager;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls.NoOpOperationCallback;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.tuples.TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.IBufferCache;
 
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@
         IBTreeLeafFrame leafFrame = (IBTreeLeafFrame) leafFrameFactory.createFrame();
 
         IFreePageManager freePageManager = new LinkedListFreePageManager(bufferCache, 0, metaFrameFactory);
-        BTree btree = new BTree(bufferCache, fieldCount, cmpFactories, freePageManager, interiorFrameFactory, leafFrameFactory);
+        BTree btree = new BTree(bufferCache, NoOpOperationCallback.INSTANCE, fieldCount, cmpFactories, freePageManager, interiorFrameFactory, leafFrameFactory);
         btree.create(btreeFileId);
         btree.open(btreeFileId);
 
diff --git a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/BTreeUpsertTest.java b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/BTreeUpsertTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e14607
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/BTreeUpsertTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2009-2010 by The Regents of the University of California
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * you may obtain a copy of the License from
+ * 
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree;
+
+import java.util.Random;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.ISerializerDeserializer;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.exceptions.HyracksDataException;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.frames.BTreeLeafFrameType;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.util.BTreeTestContext;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.util.BTreeTestHarness;
+
+/**
+ * Tests the BTree insert operation with strings and integer fields using
+ * various numbers of key and payload fields.
+ * 
+ * Each tests first fills a BTree with randomly generated tuples. We compare the
+ * following operations against expected results: 1. Point searches for all
+ * tuples. 2. Ordered scan. 3. Disk-order scan. 4. Range search (and prefix
+ * search for composite keys).
+ * 
+ */
+@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
+public class BTreeUpsertTest extends OrderedIndexUpsertTest {
+
+    public BTreeUpsertTest() {
+        super(BTreeTestHarness.LEAF_FRAMES_TO_TEST);
+    }
+
+    private final BTreeTestHarness harness = new BTreeTestHarness();
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws HyracksDataException {
+        harness.setUp();
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws HyracksDataException {
+        harness.tearDown();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected OrderedIndexTestContext createTestContext(ISerializerDeserializer[] fieldSerdes, int numKeys,
+            BTreeLeafFrameType leafType) throws Exception {
+        return BTreeTestContext.create(harness.getBufferCache(), harness.getBTreeFileId(), fieldSerdes, numKeys,
+                leafType);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected Random getRandom() {
+        return harness.getRandom();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/multithread/BTreeMultiThreadTest.java b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/multithread/BTreeMultiThreadTest.java
index 901a412..596fa31 100644
--- a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/multithread/BTreeMultiThreadTest.java
+++ b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/multithread/BTreeMultiThreadTest.java
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
 
     @Override
     protected ITreeIndex createTreeIndex(ITypeTraits[] typeTraits, IBinaryComparatorFactory[] cmpFactories) throws TreeIndexException {
-        return BTreeUtils.createBTree(harness.getBufferCache(), typeTraits, cmpFactories, BTreeLeafFrameType.REGULAR_NSM);
+        return BTreeUtils.createBTree(harness.getBufferCache(), harness.getOpCallback(), typeTraits, cmpFactories, BTreeLeafFrameType.REGULAR_NSM);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -68,12 +68,12 @@
         TestOperation[] insertSearchOnlyOps = new TestOperation[] { TestOperation.INSERT, TestOperation.POINT_SEARCH, TestOperation.SCAN, TestOperation.DISKORDER_SCAN };
         workloadConfs.add(new TestWorkloadConf(insertSearchOnlyOps, getUniformOpProbs(insertSearchOnlyOps)));
         
-        // Inserts, updates, and deletes.        
-        TestOperation[] insertDeleteUpdateOps = new TestOperation[] { TestOperation.INSERT, TestOperation.DELETE, TestOperation.UPDATE };
-        workloadConfs.add(new TestWorkloadConf(insertDeleteUpdateOps, getUniformOpProbs(insertDeleteUpdateOps)));
+        // Inserts, updates, deletes, and upserts.        
+        TestOperation[] insertDeleteUpdateUpsertOps = new TestOperation[] { TestOperation.INSERT, TestOperation.DELETE, TestOperation.UPDATE, TestOperation.UPSERT };
+        workloadConfs.add(new TestWorkloadConf(insertDeleteUpdateUpsertOps, getUniformOpProbs(insertDeleteUpdateUpsertOps)));
         
         // All operations mixed.
-        TestOperation[] allOps = new TestOperation[] { TestOperation.INSERT, TestOperation.DELETE, TestOperation.UPDATE, TestOperation.POINT_SEARCH, TestOperation.SCAN, TestOperation.DISKORDER_SCAN };
+        TestOperation[] allOps = new TestOperation[] { TestOperation.INSERT, TestOperation.DELETE, TestOperation.UPDATE, TestOperation.UPSERT, TestOperation.POINT_SEARCH, TestOperation.SCAN, TestOperation.DISKORDER_SCAN };
         workloadConfs.add(new TestWorkloadConf(allOps, getUniformOpProbs(allOps)));
         
         return workloadConfs;
diff --git a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/multithread/BTreeTestWorker.java b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/multithread/BTreeTestWorker.java
index 9d64124..7d8de7d 100644
--- a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/multithread/BTreeTestWorker.java
+++ b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/multithread/BTreeTestWorker.java
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
                 }
                 break;
                 
-            case UPDATE: 
+            case UPDATE:
                 try {
                     accessor.update(tuple);
                 } catch (BTreeNonExistentKeyException e) {
@@ -88,6 +88,12 @@
                 }
                 break;
                 
+            case UPSERT:
+                accessor.upsert(tuple);
+                // Upsert should not throw. If it does, there's 
+                // a bigger problem and the test should fail.
+                break;
+                
             case POINT_SEARCH: 
                 searchCursor.reset();
                 rangePred.setLowKey(tuple, true);
diff --git a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/util/BTreeTestContext.java b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/util/BTreeTestContext.java
index 8442131..b820f93 100644
--- a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/util/BTreeTestContext.java
+++ b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/util/BTreeTestContext.java
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.frames.BTreeLeafFrameType;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.impls.BTree;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls.NoOpOperationCallback;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.IBufferCache;
 
 @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@
     public static BTreeTestContext create(IBufferCache bufferCache, int btreeFileId, ISerializerDeserializer[] fieldSerdes, int numKeyFields, BTreeLeafFrameType leafType) throws Exception {        
         ITypeTraits[] typeTraits = SerdeUtils.serdesToTypeTraits(fieldSerdes);
         IBinaryComparatorFactory[] cmpFactories = SerdeUtils.serdesToComparatorFactories(fieldSerdes, numKeyFields);
-        BTree btree = BTreeUtils.createBTree(bufferCache, typeTraits, cmpFactories, leafType);
+        BTree btree = BTreeUtils.createBTree(bufferCache, NoOpOperationCallback.INSTANCE, typeTraits, cmpFactories, leafType);
         btree.create(btreeFileId);
         btree.open(btreeFileId);
         BTreeTestContext testCtx = new BTreeTestContext(fieldSerdes, btree);
diff --git a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/util/BTreeTestHarness.java b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/util/BTreeTestHarness.java
index 59bd31d..1b450d8 100644
--- a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/util/BTreeTestHarness.java
+++ b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/btree/util/BTreeTestHarness.java
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.exceptions.HyracksDataException;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.io.FileReference;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.frames.BTreeLeafFrameType;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IOperationCallback;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls.NoOpOperationCallback;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.IBufferCache;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.file.IFileMapProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestStorageManagerComponentHolder;
@@ -123,4 +125,8 @@
     public int getMaxOpenFiles() {
         return maxOpenFiles;
     }
+    
+    public IOperationCallback getOpCallback() {
+        return NoOpOperationCallback.INSTANCE;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/AbstractInvIndexSearchTest.java b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/AbstractInvIndexSearchTest.java
index 091fb05..c5055a6 100644
--- a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/AbstractInvIndexSearchTest.java
+++ b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/AbstractInvIndexSearchTest.java
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexMetaDataFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.frames.LIFOMetaDataFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.freepage.LinkedListFreePageManager;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls.NoOpOperationCallback;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.tuples.TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.api.IInvertedListBuilder;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.impls.FixedSizeElementInvertedListBuilder;
@@ -157,8 +158,8 @@
 
         freePageManager = new LinkedListFreePageManager(bufferCache, 0, metaFrameFactory);
 
-        btree = new BTree(bufferCache, btreeTypeTraits.length, btreeCmpFactories, freePageManager, interiorFrameFactory,
-                leafFrameFactory);
+        btree = new BTree(bufferCache, NoOpOperationCallback.INSTANCE, btreeTypeTraits.length, btreeCmpFactories,
+                freePageManager, interiorFrameFactory, leafFrameFactory);
         btree.create(btreeFileId);
         btree.open(btreeFileId);
 
diff --git a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/BulkLoadTest.java b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/BulkLoadTest.java
index f0694c0..49c3723 100644
--- a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/BulkLoadTest.java
+++ b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-invertedindex-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/invertedindex/BulkLoadTest.java
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexMetaDataFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.frames.LIFOMetaDataFrameFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.freepage.LinkedListFreePageManager;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls.NoOpOperationCallback;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.ophelpers.MultiComparator;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.tuples.TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.invertedindex.api.IInvertedListBuilder;
@@ -122,8 +123,8 @@
 
         IFreePageManager freePageManager = new LinkedListFreePageManager(bufferCache, 0, metaFrameFactory);
 
-        BTree btree = new BTree(bufferCache, btreeTypeTraits.length, cmpFactories, freePageManager, interiorFrameFactory,
-                leafFrameFactory);
+        BTree btree = new BTree(bufferCache, NoOpOperationCallback.INSTANCE, btreeTypeTraits.length, cmpFactories,
+                freePageManager, interiorFrameFactory, leafFrameFactory);
         btree.create(btreeFileId);
         btree.open(btreeFileId);
 
diff --git a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/LSMBTreeExamplesTest.java b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/LSMBTreeExamplesTest.java
index 03a8192..ebc76c8 100644
--- a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/LSMBTreeExamplesTest.java
+++ b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/LSMBTreeExamplesTest.java
@@ -31,14 +31,13 @@
 public class LSMBTreeExamplesTest extends OrderedIndexExamplesTest {
 	private final LSMBTreeTestHarness harness = new LSMBTreeTestHarness();
 	
-	@Override
-	protected ITreeIndex createTreeIndex(ITypeTraits[] typeTraits,
-			IBinaryComparatorFactory[] cmpFactories) throws TreeIndexException {
-		return LSMBTreeUtils.createLSMTree(harness.getMemBufferCache(),
-				harness.getMemFreePageManager(), harness.getIOManager(), harness.getOnDiskDir(),
-				harness.getDiskBufferCache(), harness.getDiskFileMapProvider(),
-				typeTraits, cmpFactories);
-	}
+    @Override
+    protected ITreeIndex createTreeIndex(ITypeTraits[] typeTraits, IBinaryComparatorFactory[] cmpFactories)
+            throws TreeIndexException {
+        return LSMBTreeUtils.createLSMTree(harness.getMemBufferCache(), harness.getMemOpCallback(),
+                harness.getMemFreePageManager(), harness.getIOManager(), harness.getOnDiskDir(),
+                harness.getDiskBufferCache(), harness.getDiskFileMapProvider(), typeTraits, cmpFactories);
+    }
 
 	@Override
 	protected int getIndexFileId() {
diff --git a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/multithread/LSMBTreeMultiThreadTest.java b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/multithread/LSMBTreeMultiThreadTest.java
index 9a7682c..37572ad 100644
--- a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/multithread/LSMBTreeMultiThreadTest.java
+++ b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/multithread/LSMBTreeMultiThreadTest.java
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
     @Override
     protected ITreeIndex createTreeIndex(ITypeTraits[] typeTraits, IBinaryComparatorFactory[] cmpFactories) throws TreeIndexException {
         return LSMBTreeUtils.createLSMTree(harness.getMemBufferCache(),
-                harness.getMemFreePageManager(), harness.getIOManager(), harness.getOnDiskDir(),
+                harness.getMemOpCallback(), harness.getMemFreePageManager(), harness.getIOManager(), harness.getOnDiskDir(),
                 harness.getDiskBufferCache(), harness.getDiskFileMapProvider(),
                 typeTraits, cmpFactories);
     }
diff --git a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/perf/BTreeRunner.java b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/perf/BTreeRunner.java
index 7e80544..2ecd9f8 100644
--- a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/perf/BTreeRunner.java
+++ b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/perf/BTreeRunner.java
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.exceptions.BTreeException;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.frames.BTreeLeafFrameType;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.util.BTreeUtils;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls.NoOpOperationCallback;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.file.IFileMapProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestStorageManagerComponentHolder;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.test.support.TestUtils;
@@ -38,16 +39,17 @@
     }
     
     @Override
-    protected void init(int pageSize, int numPages, ITypeTraits[] typeTraits, IBinaryComparatorFactory[] cmpFactories) throws HyracksDataException, BTreeException {
-    	IHyracksTaskContext ctx = TestUtils.create(HYRACKS_FRAME_SIZE);
-    	TestStorageManagerComponentHolder.init(pageSize, numPages, MAX_OPEN_FILES);
+    protected void init(int pageSize, int numPages, ITypeTraits[] typeTraits, IBinaryComparatorFactory[] cmpFactories)
+            throws HyracksDataException, BTreeException {
+        IHyracksTaskContext ctx = TestUtils.create(HYRACKS_FRAME_SIZE);
+        TestStorageManagerComponentHolder.init(pageSize, numPages, MAX_OPEN_FILES);
         bufferCache = TestStorageManagerComponentHolder.getBufferCache(ctx);
         IFileMapProvider fmp = TestStorageManagerComponentHolder.getFileMapProvider(ctx);
         FileReference file = new FileReference(new File(fileName));
         bufferCache.createFile(file);
         btreeFileId = fmp.lookupFileId(file);
         bufferCache.openFile(btreeFileId);
-        btree = BTreeUtils
-                .createBTree(bufferCache, typeTraits, cmpFactories, BTreeLeafFrameType.REGULAR_NSM);
+        btree = BTreeUtils.createBTree(bufferCache, NoOpOperationCallback.INSTANCE, typeTraits, cmpFactories,
+                BTreeLeafFrameType.REGULAR_NSM);
     }
 }
diff --git a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/perf/InMemoryBTreeRunner.java b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/perf/InMemoryBTreeRunner.java
index 6e601db..20520c0 100644
--- a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/perf/InMemoryBTreeRunner.java
+++ b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/perf/InMemoryBTreeRunner.java
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.datagen.DataGenThread;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.datagen.TupleBatch;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.frames.LIFOMetaDataFrameFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls.NoOpOperationCallback;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.tuples.TypeAwareTupleWriterFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.lsm.common.freepage.InMemoryBufferCache;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.lsm.common.freepage.InMemoryFreePageManager;
@@ -58,8 +59,9 @@
         init(pageSize, numPages, typeTraits, cmpFactories);
     }
     
-    protected void init(int pageSize, int numPages, ITypeTraits[] typeTraits, IBinaryComparatorFactory[] cmpFactories) throws HyracksDataException, BTreeException {
-    	ICacheMemoryAllocator allocator = new HeapBufferAllocator();
+    protected void init(int pageSize, int numPages, ITypeTraits[] typeTraits, IBinaryComparatorFactory[] cmpFactories)
+            throws HyracksDataException, BTreeException {
+        ICacheMemoryAllocator allocator = new HeapBufferAllocator();
         bufferCache = new InMemoryBufferCache(allocator, pageSize, numPages);
         // Chose an aribtrary file id.
         btreeFileId = 0;
@@ -68,7 +70,8 @@
         ITreeIndexFrameFactory interiorFrameFactory = new BTreeNSMInteriorFrameFactory(tupleWriterFactory);
         ITreeIndexMetaDataFrameFactory metaFrameFactory = new LIFOMetaDataFrameFactory();
         IFreePageManager freePageManager = new InMemoryFreePageManager(bufferCache.getNumPages(), metaFrameFactory);
-        btree = new BTree(bufferCache, typeTraits.length, cmpFactories, freePageManager, interiorFrameFactory, leafFrameFactory);
+        btree = new BTree(bufferCache, NoOpOperationCallback.INSTANCE, typeTraits.length, cmpFactories,
+                freePageManager, interiorFrameFactory, leafFrameFactory);
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/perf/LSMTreeRunner.java b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/perf/LSMTreeRunner.java
index a034788..cd6c933 100644
--- a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/perf/LSMTreeRunner.java
+++ b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/perf/LSMTreeRunner.java
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.datagen.DataGenThread;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.datagen.TupleBatch;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.frames.LIFOMetaDataFrameFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls.NoOpOperationCallback;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.lsm.btree.impls.LSMBTree;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.lsm.btree.util.LSMBTreeUtils;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.lsm.common.freepage.InMemoryBufferCache;
@@ -77,7 +78,8 @@
         InMemoryBufferCache memBufferCache = new InMemoryBufferCache(new HeapBufferAllocator(), inMemPageSize, inMemNumPages);
         InMemoryFreePageManager memFreePageManager = new InMemoryFreePageManager(inMemNumPages, new LIFOMetaDataFrameFactory());
         
-        lsmtree = LSMBTreeUtils.createLSMTree(memBufferCache, memFreePageManager, ioManager, onDiskDir, bufferCache, fmp, typeTraits, cmpFactories);
+        lsmtree = LSMBTreeUtils.createLSMTree(memBufferCache, NoOpOperationCallback.INSTANCE, memFreePageManager,
+                ioManager, onDiskDir, bufferCache, fmp, typeTraits, cmpFactories);
     }
 	@Override
 	public void init() throws Exception {
diff --git a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/util/LSMBTreeTestContext.java b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/util/LSMBTreeTestContext.java
index f730000..f727ff5 100644
--- a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/util/LSMBTreeTestContext.java
+++ b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/util/LSMBTreeTestContext.java
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.OrderedIndexTestContext;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.CheckTuple;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls.NoOpOperationCallback;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.lsm.btree.impls.LSMBTree;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.lsm.common.freepage.InMemoryBufferCache;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.lsm.common.freepage.InMemoryFreePageManager;
@@ -55,20 +56,18 @@
      */
     @Override
     public void insertCheckTuple(CheckTuple checkTuple, Collection<CheckTuple> checkTuples) {
-        if (checkTuples.contains(checkTuple)) {
-            checkTuples.remove(checkTuple);
-        }
-        checkTuples.add(checkTuple);
+        upsertCheckTuple(checkTuple, checkTuples);
     }
 
     public static LSMBTreeTestContext create(InMemoryBufferCache memBufferCache,
-            InMemoryFreePageManager memFreePageManager, IOManager ioManager, String onDiskDir, IBufferCache diskBufferCache,
-            IFileMapProvider diskFileMapProvider, ISerializerDeserializer[] fieldSerdes, int numKeyFields, int fileId)
-            throws Exception {
+            InMemoryFreePageManager memFreePageManager, IOManager ioManager, String onDiskDir,
+            IBufferCache diskBufferCache, IFileMapProvider diskFileMapProvider, ISerializerDeserializer[] fieldSerdes,
+            int numKeyFields, int fileId) throws Exception {
         ITypeTraits[] typeTraits = SerdeUtils.serdesToTypeTraits(fieldSerdes);
         IBinaryComparatorFactory[] cmpFactories = SerdeUtils.serdesToComparatorFactories(fieldSerdes, numKeyFields);
-        LSMBTree lsmTree = LSMBTreeUtils.createLSMTree(memBufferCache, memFreePageManager, ioManager, onDiskDir, diskBufferCache,
-                diskFileMapProvider, typeTraits, cmpFactories);
+        LSMBTree lsmTree = LSMBTreeUtils.createLSMTree(memBufferCache, NoOpOperationCallback.INSTANCE,
+                memFreePageManager, ioManager, onDiskDir, diskBufferCache, diskFileMapProvider, typeTraits,
+                cmpFactories);
         lsmTree.create(fileId);
         lsmTree.open(fileId);
         LSMBTreeTestContext testCtx = new LSMBTreeTestContext(fieldSerdes, lsmTree);
diff --git a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/util/LSMBTreeTestHarness.java b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/util/LSMBTreeTestHarness.java
index 02d821b..63f3c75 100644
--- a/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/util/LSMBTreeTestHarness.java
+++ b/hyracks-tests/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree-test/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/util/LSMBTreeTestHarness.java
@@ -28,7 +28,9 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.io.IODeviceHandle;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.control.nc.io.IOManager;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.btree.frames.BTreeLeafFrameType;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IOperationCallback;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.frames.LIFOMetaDataFrameFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls.NoOpOperationCallback;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.lsm.common.freepage.InMemoryBufferCache;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.lsm.common.freepage.InMemoryFreePageManager;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.HeapBufferAllocator;
@@ -181,4 +183,8 @@
     public Random getRandom() {
         return rnd;
     }
+    
+    public IOperationCallback getMemOpCallback() {
+        return NoOpOperationCallback.INSTANCE;
+    }
 }