diff --git a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/example/ConnectedComponentsVertex.java b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/example/ConnectedComponentsVertex.java
index 74ae455..6adbf83 100644
--- a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/example/ConnectedComponentsVertex.java
+++ b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/example/ConnectedComponentsVertex.java
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.api.io.text.TextVertexOutputFormat.TextVertexWriter;
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.api.job.PregelixJob;
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.client.Client;
+import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.data.VLongNormalizedKeyComputer;
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.inputformat.TextPageRankInputFormat;
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.io.VLongWritable;
 
@@ -137,6 +138,7 @@
         job.setVertexInputFormatClass(TextPageRankInputFormat.class);
         job.setVertexOutputFormatClass(SimpleConnectedComponentsVertexOutputFormat.class);
         job.setMessageCombinerClass(ConnectedComponentsVertex.SimpleMinCombiner.class);
+        job.setNoramlizedKeyComputerClass(VLongNormalizedKeyComputer.class);
         Client.run(args, job);
     }
 
diff --git a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/example/GraphMutationVertex.java b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/example/GraphMutationVertex.java
index b8cd953..08de520 100644
--- a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/example/GraphMutationVertex.java
+++ b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/example/GraphMutationVertex.java
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.api.io.text.TextVertexOutputFormat.TextVertexWriter;
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.api.job.PregelixJob;
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.client.Client;
+import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.data.VLongNormalizedKeyComputer;
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.inputformat.TextPageRankInputFormat;
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.io.VLongWritable;
 
@@ -109,6 +110,7 @@
         job.setVertexClass(GraphMutationVertex.class);
         job.setVertexInputFormatClass(TextPageRankInputFormat.class);
         job.setVertexOutputFormatClass(SimpleGraphMutationVertexOutputFormat.class);
+        job.setNoramlizedKeyComputerClass(VLongNormalizedKeyComputer.class);
         Client.run(args, job);
     }
 
diff --git a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/example/PageRankVertex.java b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/example/PageRankVertex.java
index b6d4da7..752b23a 100644
--- a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/example/PageRankVertex.java
+++ b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/example/PageRankVertex.java
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.api.job.PregelixJob;
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.api.util.BspUtils;
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.client.Client;
+import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.data.VLongNormalizedKeyComputer;
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.inputformat.TextPageRankInputFormat;
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.io.VLongWritable;
 
@@ -216,6 +217,7 @@
         job.setVertexInputFormatClass(TextPageRankInputFormat.class);
         job.setVertexOutputFormatClass(SimplePageRankVertexOutputFormat.class);
         job.setMessageCombinerClass(PageRankVertex.SimpleSumCombiner.class);
+        job.setNoramlizedKeyComputerClass(VLongNormalizedKeyComputer.class);
         Client.run(args, job);
     }
 
diff --git a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/example/ReachabilityVertex.java b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/example/ReachabilityVertex.java
index 0895386..8102c14 100644
--- a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/example/ReachabilityVertex.java
+++ b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/example/ReachabilityVertex.java
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.api.util.BspUtils;
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.dataflow.util.IterationUtils;
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.client.Client;
+import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.data.VLongNormalizedKeyComputer;
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.inputformat.TextReachibilityVertexInputFormat;
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.io.VLongWritable;
 
@@ -223,6 +224,7 @@
         job.setVertexInputFormatClass(TextReachibilityVertexInputFormat.class);
         job.setVertexOutputFormatClass(SimpleReachibilityVertexOutputFormat.class);
         job.setMessageCombinerClass(ReachabilityVertex.SimpleReachibilityCombiner.class);
+        job.setNoramlizedKeyComputerClass(VLongNormalizedKeyComputer.class);
         Client.run(args, job);
         System.out.println("reachable? " + readReachibilityResult(job.getConfiguration()));
     }
diff --git a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/example/ShortestPathsVertex.java b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/example/ShortestPathsVertex.java
index 199870e..396acae 100644
--- a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/example/ShortestPathsVertex.java
+++ b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/example/ShortestPathsVertex.java
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.api.job.PregelixJob;
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.PageRankVertex.SimplePageRankVertexOutputFormat;
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.client.Client;
+import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.data.VLongNormalizedKeyComputer;
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.inputformat.TextShortestPathsInputFormat;
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.io.VLongWritable;
 
@@ -138,6 +139,7 @@
         job.setVertexInputFormatClass(TextShortestPathsInputFormat.class);
         job.setVertexOutputFormatClass(SimplePageRankVertexOutputFormat.class);
         job.setMessageCombinerClass(ShortestPathsVertex.SimpleMinCombiner.class);
+        job.setNoramlizedKeyComputerClass(VLongNormalizedKeyComputer.class);
         job.getConfiguration().setLong(SOURCE_ID, 0);
         Client.run(args, job);
     }
diff --git a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/example/data/VLongNormalizedKeyComputer.java b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/example/data/VLongNormalizedKeyComputer.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d824ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/example/data/VLongNormalizedKeyComputer.java
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2009-2013 by The Regents of the University of California
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * you may obtain a copy of the License from
+ * 
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.data;
+
+import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.api.graph.NormalizedKeyComputer;
+import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.api.util.SerDeUtils;
+
+/**
+ * @author yingyib
+ */
+public class VLongNormalizedKeyComputer implements NormalizedKeyComputer {
+
+    private static final int POSTIVE_LONG_MASK = (3 << 30);
+    private static final int NON_NEGATIVE_INT_MASK = (2 << 30);
+    private static final int NEGATIVE_LONG_MASK = (0 << 30);
+
+    @Override
+    public int getNormalizedKey(byte[] bytes, int start, int length) {
+        long value = SerDeUtils.readVLong(bytes, start, length);
+        int highValue = (int) (value >> 32);
+        if (highValue > 0) {
+            /**
+             * larger than Integer.MAX
+             */
+            int highNmk = getKey(highValue);
+            highNmk >>= 2;
+            highNmk |= POSTIVE_LONG_MASK;
+            return highNmk;
+        } else if (highValue == 0) {
+            /**
+             * smaller than Integer.MAX but >=0
+             */
+            int lowNmk = (int) value;
+            lowNmk >>= 2;
+            lowNmk |= NON_NEGATIVE_INT_MASK;
+            return lowNmk;
+        } else {
+            /**
+             * less than 0; TODO: have not optimized for that
+             */
+            int highNmk = getKey(highValue);
+            highNmk >>= 2;
+            highNmk |= NEGATIVE_LONG_MASK;
+            return highNmk;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int getKey(int value) {
+        long unsignedFirstValue = (long) value;
+        int nmk = (int) ((unsignedFirstValue - ((long) Integer.MIN_VALUE)) & 0xffffffffL);
+        return nmk;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/example/maximalclique/MaximalCliqueVertex.java b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/example/maximalclique/MaximalCliqueVertex.java
index 85a139e..2ff800e 100644
--- a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/example/maximalclique/MaximalCliqueVertex.java
+++ b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/example/maximalclique/MaximalCliqueVertex.java
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.api.util.BspUtils;
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.dataflow.util.IterationUtils;
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.client.Client;
+import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.data.VLongNormalizedKeyComputer;
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.io.VLongWritable;
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.trianglecounting.TriangleCountingVertex;
 
@@ -290,6 +291,7 @@
         job.setDynamicVertexValueSize(true);
         job.setVertexInputFormatClass(TextMaximalCliqueInputFormat.class);
         job.setVertexOutputFormatClass(MaximalCliqueVertexOutputFormat.class);
+        job.setNoramlizedKeyComputerClass(VLongNormalizedKeyComputer.class);
         Client.run(args, job);
         System.out.println("maximal cliques: \n" + readMaximalCliqueResult(job.getConfiguration()));
     }
diff --git a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/example/trianglecounting/TriangleCountingVertex.java b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/example/trianglecounting/TriangleCountingVertex.java
index d3db095..89bfee8 100644
--- a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/example/trianglecounting/TriangleCountingVertex.java
+++ b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/example/trianglecounting/TriangleCountingVertex.java
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.api.util.BspUtils;
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.dataflow.util.IterationUtils;
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.client.Client;
+import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.data.VLongNormalizedKeyComputer;
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.io.VLongWritable;
 
 /**
@@ -134,6 +135,7 @@
         job.setGlobalAggregatorClass(TriangleCountingAggregator.class);
         job.setVertexInputFormatClass(TextTriangleCountingInputFormat.class);
         job.setVertexOutputFormatClass(TriangleCountingVertexOutputFormat.class);
+        job.setNoramlizedKeyComputerClass(VLongNormalizedKeyComputer.class);
         Client.run(args, job);
         System.out.println("triangle count: " + readTriangleCountingResult(job.getConfiguration()));
     }
diff --git a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/example/jobgen/JobGenerator.java b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/example/jobgen/JobGenerator.java
index 0a5b214..8fafede 100644
--- a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/example/jobgen/JobGenerator.java
+++ b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/pregelix/example/jobgen/JobGenerator.java
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.ReachabilityVertex;
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.ReachabilityVertex.SimpleReachibilityVertexOutputFormat;
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.ShortestPathsVertex;
+import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.data.VLongNormalizedKeyComputer;
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.inputformat.TextConnectedComponentsInputFormat;
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.inputformat.TextPageRankInputFormat;
 import edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.inputformat.TextReachibilityVertexInputFormat;
@@ -65,6 +66,7 @@
         job.setVertexInputFormatClass(TextPageRankInputFormat.class);
         job.setVertexOutputFormatClass(SimplePageRankVertexOutputFormat.class);
         job.setMessageCombinerClass(PageRankVertex.SimpleSumCombiner.class);
+        job.setNoramlizedKeyComputerClass(VLongNormalizedKeyComputer.class);
         FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, HDFS_INPUTPATH);
         FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(HDFS_OUTPUTPAH));
         job.getConfiguration().setLong(PregelixJob.NUM_VERTICE, 20);
@@ -77,6 +79,7 @@
         job.setVertexInputFormatClass(TextPageRankInputFormat.class);
         job.setVertexOutputFormatClass(SimplePageRankVertexOutputFormat.class);
         job.setMessageCombinerClass(PageRankVertex.SimpleSumCombiner.class);
+        job.setNoramlizedKeyComputerClass(VLongNormalizedKeyComputer.class);
         FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, HDFS_INPUTPATH2);
         FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(HDFS_OUTPUTPAH2));
         job.getConfiguration().setLong(PregelixJob.NUM_VERTICE, 23);
@@ -89,6 +92,7 @@
         job.setVertexInputFormatClass(TextShortestPathsInputFormat.class);
         job.setVertexOutputFormatClass(SimplePageRankVertexOutputFormat.class);
         job.setMessageCombinerClass(ShortestPathsVertex.SimpleMinCombiner.class);
+        job.setNoramlizedKeyComputerClass(VLongNormalizedKeyComputer.class);
         FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, HDFS_INPUTPATH);
         FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(HDFS_OUTPUTPAH));
         job.getConfiguration().setLong(PregelixJob.NUM_VERTICE, 20);
@@ -101,6 +105,7 @@
         job.setVertexClass(PageRankVertex.class);
         job.setVertexInputFormatClass(TextPageRankInputFormat.class);
         job.setVertexOutputFormatClass(SimplePageRankVertexOutputFormat.class);
+        job.setNoramlizedKeyComputerClass(VLongNormalizedKeyComputer.class);
         FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, HDFS_INPUTPATH);
         FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(HDFS_OUTPUTPAH));
         job.getConfiguration().setLong(PregelixJob.NUM_VERTICE, 20);
@@ -113,6 +118,7 @@
         job.setVertexInputFormatClass(TextConnectedComponentsInputFormat.class);
         job.setVertexOutputFormatClass(SimpleConnectedComponentsVertexOutputFormat.class);
         job.setMessageCombinerClass(ConnectedComponentsVertex.SimpleMinCombiner.class);
+        job.setNoramlizedKeyComputerClass(VLongNormalizedKeyComputer.class);
         FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, HDFS_INPUTPATH);
         FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(HDFS_OUTPUTPAH));
         job.getConfiguration().setLong(PregelixJob.NUM_VERTICE, 20);
@@ -125,6 +131,7 @@
         job.setVertexInputFormatClass(TextConnectedComponentsInputFormat.class);
         job.setVertexOutputFormatClass(SimpleConnectedComponentsVertexOutputFormat.class);
         job.setMessageCombinerClass(ConnectedComponentsVertex.SimpleMinCombiner.class);
+        job.setNoramlizedKeyComputerClass(VLongNormalizedKeyComputer.class);
         FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, HDFS_INPUTPATH2);
         FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(HDFS_OUTPUTPAH2));
         job.getConfiguration().setLong(PregelixJob.NUM_VERTICE, 23);
@@ -137,6 +144,7 @@
         job.setVertexInputFormatClass(TextReachibilityVertexInputFormat.class);
         job.setVertexOutputFormatClass(SimpleReachibilityVertexOutputFormat.class);
         job.setMessageCombinerClass(ReachabilityVertex.SimpleReachibilityCombiner.class);
+        job.setNoramlizedKeyComputerClass(VLongNormalizedKeyComputer.class);
         FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, HDFS_INPUTPATH2);
         FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(HDFS_OUTPUTPAH2));
         job.getConfiguration().setLong(PregelixJob.NUM_VERTICE, 23);
@@ -152,6 +160,7 @@
         job.setVertexInputFormatClass(TextReachibilityVertexInputFormat.class);
         job.setVertexOutputFormatClass(SimpleReachibilityVertexOutputFormat.class);
         job.setMessageCombinerClass(ReachabilityVertex.SimpleReachibilityCombiner.class);
+        job.setNoramlizedKeyComputerClass(VLongNormalizedKeyComputer.class);
         FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, HDFS_INPUTPATH2);
         FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(HDFS_OUTPUTPAH2));
         job.getConfiguration().setLong(PregelixJob.NUM_VERTICE, 23);
@@ -166,6 +175,7 @@
         job.setVertexInputFormatClass(SimulatedPageRankVertexInputFormat.class);
         job.setMessageCombinerClass(PageRankVertex.SimpleSumCombiner.class);
         job.setVertexOutputFormatClass(SimplePageRankVertexOutputFormat.class);
+        job.setNoramlizedKeyComputerClass(VLongNormalizedKeyComputer.class);
         FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, HDFS_INPUTPATH);
         FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(HDFS_OUTPUTPAH));
         job.getConfiguration().setLong(PregelixJob.NUM_VERTICE, 20);
@@ -178,6 +188,7 @@
         job.setVertexInputFormatClass(SimulatedPageRankVertexInputFormat.class);
         job.setMessageCombinerClass(ShortestPathsVertex.SimpleMinCombiner.class);
         job.setVertexOutputFormatClass(SimplePageRankVertexOutputFormat.class);
+        job.setNoramlizedKeyComputerClass(VLongNormalizedKeyComputer.class);
         FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, HDFS_INPUTPATH);
         FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(HDFS_OUTPUTPAH));
         job.getConfiguration().setLong(PregelixJob.NUM_VERTICE, 20);
@@ -191,6 +202,7 @@
         job.setVertexInputFormatClass(TextPageRankInputFormat.class);
         job.setVertexOutputFormatClass(SimplePageRankVertexOutputFormat.class);
         job.setMessageCombinerClass(PageRankVertex.SimpleSumCombiner.class);
+        job.setNoramlizedKeyComputerClass(VLongNormalizedKeyComputer.class);
         job.setDynamicVertexValueSize(true);
         FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, HDFS_INPUTPATH);
         FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(HDFS_OUTPUTPAH));
@@ -204,6 +216,7 @@
         job.setGlobalAggregatorClass(TriangleCountingAggregator.class);
         job.setVertexInputFormatClass(TextTriangleCountingInputFormat.class);
         job.setVertexOutputFormatClass(TriangleCountingVertexOutputFormat.class);
+        job.setNoramlizedKeyComputerClass(VLongNormalizedKeyComputer.class);
         FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, HDFS_INPUTPATH3);
         FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(HDFS_OUTPUTPAH3));
         job.getConfiguration().writeXml(new FileOutputStream(new File(outputPath)));
@@ -216,6 +229,7 @@
         job.setDynamicVertexValueSize(true);
         job.setVertexInputFormatClass(TextMaximalCliqueInputFormat.class);
         job.setVertexOutputFormatClass(MaximalCliqueVertexOutputFormat.class);
+        job.setNoramlizedKeyComputerClass(VLongNormalizedKeyComputer.class);
         FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, HDFS_INPUTPATH3);
         FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(HDFS_OUTPUTPAH3));
         job.getConfiguration().writeXml(new FileOutputStream(new File(outputPath)));
@@ -228,6 +242,7 @@
         job.setDynamicVertexValueSize(true);
         job.setVertexInputFormatClass(TextMaximalCliqueInputFormat.class);
         job.setVertexOutputFormatClass(MaximalCliqueVertexOutputFormat.class);
+        job.setNoramlizedKeyComputerClass(VLongNormalizedKeyComputer.class);
         FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, HDFS_INPUTPATH4);
         FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(HDFS_OUTPUTPAH3));
         job.getConfiguration().writeXml(new FileOutputStream(new File(outputPath)));
@@ -240,6 +255,7 @@
         job.setDynamicVertexValueSize(true);
         job.setVertexInputFormatClass(TextMaximalCliqueInputFormat.class);
         job.setVertexOutputFormatClass(MaximalCliqueVertexOutputFormat.class);
+        job.setNoramlizedKeyComputerClass(VLongNormalizedKeyComputer.class);
         FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, HDFS_INPUTPATH5);
         FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(HDFS_OUTPUTPAH3));
         job.getConfiguration().writeXml(new FileOutputStream(new File(outputPath)));
@@ -250,6 +266,7 @@
         job.setVertexClass(GraphMutationVertex.class);
         job.setVertexInputFormatClass(TextPageRankInputFormat.class);
         job.setVertexOutputFormatClass(SimpleGraphMutationVertexOutputFormat.class);
+        job.setNoramlizedKeyComputerClass(VLongNormalizedKeyComputer.class);
         FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, HDFS_INPUTPATH);
         FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(HDFS_OUTPUTPAH));
         job.getConfiguration().setLong(PregelixJob.NUM_VERTICE, 20);
diff --git a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/ConnectedComponentsReal.xml b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/ConnectedComponentsReal.xml
index 22ae6cf..decbde8 100644
--- a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/ConnectedComponentsReal.xml
+++ b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/ConnectedComponentsReal.xml
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 <property><name>fs.checkpoint.size</name><value>67108864</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.job.reduce.input.buffer.percent</name><value>0.0</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.job.name</name><value>ConnectedComponents</value></property>
+<property><name>pregelix.nmkComputerClass</name><value>edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.data.VLongNormalizedKeyComputer</value></property>
 <property><name>local.cache.size</name><value>10737418240</value></property>
 <property><name>fs.s3n.impl</name><value>org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3native.NativeS3FileSystem</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.userlog.limit.kb</name><value>0</value></property>
diff --git a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/ConnectedComponentsRealComplex.xml b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/ConnectedComponentsRealComplex.xml
index 50662f9..c7fec9f 100644
--- a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/ConnectedComponentsRealComplex.xml
+++ b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/ConnectedComponentsRealComplex.xml
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 <property><name>fs.checkpoint.size</name><value>67108864</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.job.reduce.input.buffer.percent</name><value>0.0</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.job.name</name><value>ConnectedComponents</value></property>
+<property><name>pregelix.nmkComputerClass</name><value>edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.data.VLongNormalizedKeyComputer</value></property>
 <property><name>local.cache.size</name><value>10737418240</value></property>
 <property><name>fs.s3n.impl</name><value>org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3native.NativeS3FileSystem</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.userlog.limit.kb</name><value>0</value></property>
diff --git a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/GraphMutation.xml b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/GraphMutation.xml
index 9f51f6d..d5ec8f1 100644
--- a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/GraphMutation.xml
+++ b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/GraphMutation.xml
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 <property><name>fs.checkpoint.size</name><value>67108864</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.job.reduce.input.buffer.percent</name><value>0.0</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.job.name</name><value>Graph Mutation</value></property>
+<property><name>pregelix.nmkComputerClass</name><value>edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.data.VLongNormalizedKeyComputer</value></property>
 <property><name>local.cache.size</name><value>10737418240</value></property>
 <property><name>fs.s3n.impl</name><value>org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3native.NativeS3FileSystem</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.userlog.limit.kb</name><value>0</value></property>
diff --git a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/MaximalClique.xml b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/MaximalClique.xml
index 616c647..c0559d9 100644
--- a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/MaximalClique.xml
+++ b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/MaximalClique.xml
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 <property><name>fs.checkpoint.size</name><value>67108864</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.job.reduce.input.buffer.percent</name><value>0.0</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.job.name</name><value>Maximal Clique</value></property>
+<property><name>pregelix.nmkComputerClass</name><value>edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.data.VLongNormalizedKeyComputer</value></property>
 <property><name>local.cache.size</name><value>10737418240</value></property>
 <property><name>fs.s3n.impl</name><value>org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3native.NativeS3FileSystem</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.userlog.limit.kb</name><value>0</value></property>
diff --git a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/MaximalClique2.xml b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/MaximalClique2.xml
index 5621259..541806d 100644
--- a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/MaximalClique2.xml
+++ b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/MaximalClique2.xml
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 <property><name>fs.checkpoint.size</name><value>67108864</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.job.reduce.input.buffer.percent</name><value>0.0</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.job.name</name><value>Maximal Clique 2</value></property>
+<property><name>pregelix.nmkComputerClass</name><value>edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.data.VLongNormalizedKeyComputer</value></property>
 <property><name>local.cache.size</name><value>10737418240</value></property>
 <property><name>fs.s3n.impl</name><value>org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3native.NativeS3FileSystem</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.userlog.limit.kb</name><value>0</value></property>
diff --git a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/MaximalClique3.xml b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/MaximalClique3.xml
index d4f81ba..7214b3f 100644
--- a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/MaximalClique3.xml
+++ b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/MaximalClique3.xml
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 <property><name>fs.checkpoint.size</name><value>67108864</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.job.reduce.input.buffer.percent</name><value>0.0</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.job.name</name><value>Maximal Clique 3</value></property>
+<property><name>pregelix.nmkComputerClass</name><value>edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.data.VLongNormalizedKeyComputer</value></property>
 <property><name>local.cache.size</name><value>10737418240</value></property>
 <property><name>fs.s3n.impl</name><value>org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3native.NativeS3FileSystem</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.userlog.limit.kb</name><value>0</value></property>
diff --git a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/PageRank.xml b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/PageRank.xml
index 744e5b0..65e0b30 100644
--- a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/PageRank.xml
+++ b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/PageRank.xml
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 <property><name>fs.checkpoint.size</name><value>67108864</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.job.reduce.input.buffer.percent</name><value>0.0</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.job.name</name><value>PageRank</value></property>
+<property><name>pregelix.nmkComputerClass</name><value>edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.data.VLongNormalizedKeyComputer</value></property>
 <property><name>local.cache.size</name><value>10737418240</value></property>
 <property><name>fs.s3n.impl</name><value>org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3native.NativeS3FileSystem</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.userlog.limit.kb</name><value>0</value></property>
diff --git a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/PageRankReal.xml b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/PageRankReal.xml
index b51bd98..9e1e0b0 100644
--- a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/PageRankReal.xml
+++ b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/PageRankReal.xml
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 <property><name>fs.checkpoint.size</name><value>67108864</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.job.reduce.input.buffer.percent</name><value>0.0</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.job.name</name><value>PageRank</value></property>
+<property><name>pregelix.nmkComputerClass</name><value>edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.data.VLongNormalizedKeyComputer</value></property>
 <property><name>local.cache.size</name><value>10737418240</value></property>
 <property><name>fs.s3n.impl</name><value>org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3native.NativeS3FileSystem</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.userlog.limit.kb</name><value>0</value></property>
diff --git a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/PageRankRealComplex.xml b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/PageRankRealComplex.xml
index a9e43bd..ceea85b 100644
--- a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/PageRankRealComplex.xml
+++ b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/PageRankRealComplex.xml
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 <property><name>fs.checkpoint.size</name><value>67108864</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.job.reduce.input.buffer.percent</name><value>0.0</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.job.name</name><value>PageRank</value></property>
+<property><name>pregelix.nmkComputerClass</name><value>edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.data.VLongNormalizedKeyComputer</value></property>
 <property><name>local.cache.size</name><value>10737418240</value></property>
 <property><name>fs.s3n.impl</name><value>org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3native.NativeS3FileSystem</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.userlog.limit.kb</name><value>0</value></property>
diff --git a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/PageRankRealDynamic.xml b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/PageRankRealDynamic.xml
index c1a04ae..c05a4da 100644
--- a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/PageRankRealDynamic.xml
+++ b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/PageRankRealDynamic.xml
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 <property><name>fs.checkpoint.size</name><value>67108864</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.job.reduce.input.buffer.percent</name><value>0.0</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.job.name</name><value>PageRank</value></property>
+<property><name>pregelix.nmkComputerClass</name><value>edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.data.VLongNormalizedKeyComputer</value></property>
 <property><name>local.cache.size</name><value>10737418240</value></property>
 <property><name>fs.s3n.impl</name><value>org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3native.NativeS3FileSystem</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.userlog.limit.kb</name><value>0</value></property>
diff --git a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/PageRankRealNoCombiner.xml b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/PageRankRealNoCombiner.xml
index 410ea8b..ac0d508 100644
--- a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/PageRankRealNoCombiner.xml
+++ b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/PageRankRealNoCombiner.xml
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 <property><name>fs.checkpoint.size</name><value>67108864</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.job.reduce.input.buffer.percent</name><value>0.0</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.job.name</name><value>PageRank</value></property>
+<property><name>pregelix.nmkComputerClass</name><value>edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.data.VLongNormalizedKeyComputer</value></property>
 <property><name>local.cache.size</name><value>10737418240</value></property>
 <property><name>fs.s3n.impl</name><value>org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3native.NativeS3FileSystem</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.userlog.limit.kb</name><value>0</value></property>
diff --git a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/ReachibilityRealComplex.xml b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/ReachibilityRealComplex.xml
index 0332ec5..225429a 100644
--- a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/ReachibilityRealComplex.xml
+++ b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/ReachibilityRealComplex.xml
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 <property><name>fs.checkpoint.size</name><value>67108864</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.job.reduce.input.buffer.percent</name><value>0.0</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.job.name</name><value>Reachibility</value></property>
+<property><name>pregelix.nmkComputerClass</name><value>edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.data.VLongNormalizedKeyComputer</value></property>
 <property><name>local.cache.size</name><value>10737418240</value></property>
 <property><name>fs.s3n.impl</name><value>org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3native.NativeS3FileSystem</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.userlog.limit.kb</name><value>0</value></property>
diff --git a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/ReachibilityRealComplexNoConnectivity.xml b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/ReachibilityRealComplexNoConnectivity.xml
index 4f280fc..bd9da92 100644
--- a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/ReachibilityRealComplexNoConnectivity.xml
+++ b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/ReachibilityRealComplexNoConnectivity.xml
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 <property><name>fs.checkpoint.size</name><value>67108864</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.job.reduce.input.buffer.percent</name><value>0.0</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.job.name</name><value>Reachibility</value></property>
+<property><name>pregelix.nmkComputerClass</name><value>edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.data.VLongNormalizedKeyComputer</value></property>
 <property><name>local.cache.size</name><value>10737418240</value></property>
 <property><name>fs.s3n.impl</name><value>org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3native.NativeS3FileSystem</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.userlog.limit.kb</name><value>0</value></property>
diff --git a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/ShortestPaths.xml b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/ShortestPaths.xml
index 9e791e2..9acd7bc 100644
--- a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/ShortestPaths.xml
+++ b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/ShortestPaths.xml
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 <property><name>fs.checkpoint.size</name><value>67108864</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.job.reduce.input.buffer.percent</name><value>0.0</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.job.name</name><value>ShortestPaths</value></property>
+<property><name>pregelix.nmkComputerClass</name><value>edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.data.VLongNormalizedKeyComputer</value></property>
 <property><name>local.cache.size</name><value>10737418240</value></property>
 <property><name>fs.s3n.impl</name><value>org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3native.NativeS3FileSystem</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.userlog.limit.kb</name><value>0</value></property>
diff --git a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/ShortestPathsReal.xml b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/ShortestPathsReal.xml
index 90caf6b..6c25575 100644
--- a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/ShortestPathsReal.xml
+++ b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/ShortestPathsReal.xml
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 <property><name>fs.checkpoint.size</name><value>67108864</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.job.reduce.input.buffer.percent</name><value>0.0</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.job.name</name><value>ShortestPaths</value></property>
+<property><name>pregelix.nmkComputerClass</name><value>edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.data.VLongNormalizedKeyComputer</value></property>
 <property><name>local.cache.size</name><value>10737418240</value></property>
 <property><name>fs.s3n.impl</name><value>org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3native.NativeS3FileSystem</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.userlog.limit.kb</name><value>0</value></property>
diff --git a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/TriangleCounting.xml b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/TriangleCounting.xml
index 0f44f4d..4a40a6a 100644
--- a/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/TriangleCounting.xml
+++ b/pregelix/pregelix-example/src/test/resources/jobs/TriangleCounting.xml
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 <property><name>fs.checkpoint.size</name><value>67108864</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.job.reduce.input.buffer.percent</name><value>0.0</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.job.name</name><value>Triangle Counting</value></property>
+<property><name>pregelix.nmkComputerClass</name><value>edu.uci.ics.pregelix.example.data.VLongNormalizedKeyComputer</value></property>
 <property><name>local.cache.size</name><value>10737418240</value></property>
 <property><name>fs.s3n.impl</name><value>org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3native.NativeS3FileSystem</value></property>
 <property><name>mapred.userlog.limit.kb</name><value>0</value></property>