diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/impls/LSMBTreeFileManager.java b/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/impls/LSMBTreeFileManager.java
index 38766c3..8ef58b1 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/impls/LSMBTreeFileManager.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/impls/LSMBTreeFileManager.java
@@ -82,6 +82,18 @@
 
         // Gather files from all IODeviceHandles.
         for (IODeviceHandle dev : ioManager.getIODevices()) {
+            // List of valid BTree files.
+            cleanupAndGetValidFilesInternal(dev, btreeFilter, btreeFactory, allBTreeFiles);
+            HashSet<String> btreeFilesSet = new HashSet<String>();
+            for (ComparableFileName cmpFileName : allBTreeFiles) {
+                int index = cmpFileName.fileName.lastIndexOf(SPLIT_STRING);
+                btreeFilesSet.add(cmpFileName.fileName.substring(0, index));
+            }
+            validateFiles(dev, btreeFilesSet, allBloomFilterFiles, bloomFilterFilter, null);
+        }
+
+        // Gather files from all IODeviceHandles.
+        for (IODeviceHandle dev : ioManager.getIODevices()) {
             cleanupAndGetValidFilesInternal(dev, bloomFilterFilter, null, allBloomFilterFiles);
             HashSet<String> bloomFilterFilesSet = new HashSet<String>();
             for (ComparableFileName cmpFileName : allBloomFilterFiles) {
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/common/impls/AbstractLSMIndexFileManager.java b/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/common/impls/AbstractLSMIndexFileManager.java
index a84f8c9..a808143 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/common/impls/AbstractLSMIndexFileManager.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-common/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/common/impls/AbstractLSMIndexFileManager.java
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.Comparator;
 import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.List;
 
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.exceptions.HyracksDataException;
@@ -115,6 +116,23 @@
         }
     }
 
+    protected void validateFiles(IODeviceHandle dev, HashSet<String> groundTruth,
+            ArrayList<ComparableFileName> validFiles, FilenameFilter filter,
+            TreeIndexFactory<? extends ITreeIndex> treeFactory) throws HyracksDataException, IndexException {
+        ArrayList<ComparableFileName> tmpAllInvListsFiles = new ArrayList<ComparableFileName>();
+        cleanupAndGetValidFilesInternal(dev, filter, treeFactory, tmpAllInvListsFiles);
+        for (ComparableFileName cmpFileName : tmpAllInvListsFiles) {
+            int index = cmpFileName.fileName.lastIndexOf(SPLIT_STRING);
+            String file = cmpFileName.fileName.substring(0, index);
+            if (groundTruth.contains(file)) {
+                validFiles.add(cmpFileName);
+            } else {
+                File invalidFile = new File(cmpFileName.fullPath);
+                invalidFile.delete();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     @Override
     public void createDirs() {
         for (IODeviceHandle dev : ioManager.getIODevices()) {
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/invertedindex/impls/LSMInvertedIndex.java b/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/invertedindex/impls/LSMInvertedIndex.java
index c69a8df..34195ce 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/invertedindex/impls/LSMInvertedIndex.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/invertedindex/impls/LSMInvertedIndex.java
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IModificationOperationCallback;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ISearchOperationCallback;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ISearchPredicate;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IndexException;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.TreeIndexException;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls.NoOpOperationCallback;
@@ -708,14 +707,14 @@
         int maxPage = invIndexComponent.getBloomFilter().getNumPages();
         forceFlushDirtyPages(bufferCache, fileId, startPage, maxPage);
 
-        ITreeIndex treeIndex = invIndex.getBTree();
         // Flush inverted index second.
-        forceFlushDirtyPages(treeIndex);
+        forceFlushDirtyPages(invIndex.getBTree());
         forceFlushInvListsFileDirtyPages(invIndex);
+        markAsValidInternal(invIndex.getBTree());
+
         // Flush deleted keys BTree.
         forceFlushDirtyPages(invIndexComponent.getDeletedKeysBTree());
-        // We use the dictionary BTree for marking the inverted index as valid.
-        markAsValidInternal(treeIndex);
+        markAsValidInternal(invIndexComponent.getDeletedKeysBTree());
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/invertedindex/impls/LSMInvertedIndexFileManager.java b/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/invertedindex/impls/LSMInvertedIndexFileManager.java
index 15a1633..ccba624 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/invertedindex/impls/LSMInvertedIndexFileManager.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-invertedindex/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/invertedindex/impls/LSMInvertedIndexFileManager.java
@@ -50,6 +50,12 @@
         }
     };
 
+    private static FilenameFilter invListFilter = new FilenameFilter() {
+        public boolean accept(File dir, String name) {
+            return !name.startsWith(".") && name.endsWith(INVLISTS_SUFFIX);
+        }
+    };
+
     private static FilenameFilter deletedKeysBTreeFilter = new FilenameFilter() {
         public boolean accept(File dir, String name) {
             return !name.startsWith(".") && name.endsWith(DELETED_KEYS_BTREE_SUFFIX);
@@ -90,76 +96,40 @@
     public List<LSMComponentFileReferences> cleanupAndGetValidFiles() throws HyracksDataException, IndexException {
         List<LSMComponentFileReferences> validFiles = new ArrayList<LSMComponentFileReferences>();
         ArrayList<ComparableFileName> allDictBTreeFiles = new ArrayList<ComparableFileName>();
+        ArrayList<ComparableFileName> allInvListsFiles = new ArrayList<ComparableFileName>();
         ArrayList<ComparableFileName> allDeletedKeysBTreeFiles = new ArrayList<ComparableFileName>();
         ArrayList<ComparableFileName> allBloomFilterFiles = new ArrayList<ComparableFileName>();
 
         // Gather files from all IODeviceHandles.
         for (IODeviceHandle dev : ioManager.getIODevices()) {
-            cleanupAndGetValidFilesInternal(dev, bloomFilterFilter, null, allBloomFilterFiles);
-            HashSet<String> bloomFilterFilesSet = new HashSet<String>();
-            for (ComparableFileName cmpFileName : allBloomFilterFiles) {
-                int index = cmpFileName.fileName.lastIndexOf(SPLIT_STRING);
-                bloomFilterFilesSet.add(cmpFileName.fileName.substring(0, index));
-            }
-            // List of valid BTree files that may or may not have a bloom filter buddy. Will check for buddies below.
-            ArrayList<ComparableFileName> tmpAllDeletedBTreeFiles = new ArrayList<ComparableFileName>();
-            cleanupAndGetValidFilesInternal(dev, deletedKeysBTreeFilter, btreeFactory, tmpAllDeletedBTreeFiles);
-
-            // Look for buddy bloom filters for all valid BTrees. 
-            // If no buddy is found, delete the file, otherwise add the BTree to allBTreeFiles. 
+            cleanupAndGetValidFilesInternal(dev, deletedKeysBTreeFilter, btreeFactory, allDeletedKeysBTreeFiles);
             HashSet<String> deletedKeysBTreeFilesSet = new HashSet<String>();
-            for (ComparableFileName cmpFileName : tmpAllDeletedBTreeFiles) {
+            for (ComparableFileName cmpFileName : allDeletedKeysBTreeFiles) {
                 int index = cmpFileName.fileName.lastIndexOf(SPLIT_STRING);
-                String file = cmpFileName.fileName.substring(0, index);
-                if (bloomFilterFilesSet.contains(file)) {
-                    allDeletedKeysBTreeFiles.add(cmpFileName);
-                    deletedKeysBTreeFilesSet.add(cmpFileName.fileName.substring(0, index));
-                } else {
-                    // Couldn't find the corresponding BTree file; thus, delete
-                    // the deleted-keys BTree file.
-                    // There is no need to delete the inverted-lists file corresponding to the non-existent
-                    // dictionary BTree, because we flush the dictionary BTree first. So if a dictionary BTree 
-                    // file does not exists, then neither can its inverted-list file.
-                    File invalidDeletedKeysBTreeFile = new File(cmpFileName.fullPath);
-                    invalidDeletedKeysBTreeFile.delete();
-                }
+                deletedKeysBTreeFilesSet.add(cmpFileName.fileName.substring(0, index));
             }
 
-            // We use the dictionary BTree of the inverted index for validation.
-            // List of valid dictionary BTree files that may or may not have a deleted-keys BTree buddy. Will check for buddies below.
-            ArrayList<ComparableFileName> tmpAllBTreeFiles = new ArrayList<ComparableFileName>();
-            cleanupAndGetValidFilesInternal(dev, dictBTreeFilter, btreeFactory, tmpAllBTreeFiles);
-            // Look for buddy deleted-keys BTrees for all valid dictionary BTrees. 
-            // If no buddy is found, delete the file, otherwise add the dictionary BTree to allBTreeFiles. 
-            for (ComparableFileName cmpFileName : tmpAllBTreeFiles) {
-                int index = cmpFileName.fileName.lastIndexOf(SPLIT_STRING);
-                String file = cmpFileName.fileName.substring(0, index);
-                if (deletedKeysBTreeFilesSet.contains(file)) {
-                    allDictBTreeFiles.add(cmpFileName);
-                } else {
-                    // Couldn't find the corresponding BTree file; thus, delete
-                    // the deleted-keys BTree file.
-                    // There is no need to delete the inverted-lists file corresponding to the non-existent
-                    // dictionary BTree, because we flush the dictionary BTree first. So if a dictionary BTree 
-                    // file does not exists, then neither can its inverted-list file.
-                    File invalidDeletedKeysBTreeFile = new File(cmpFileName.fullPath);
-                    invalidDeletedKeysBTreeFile.delete();
-                }
-            }
+            // TODO: do we really need to validate the inverted lists files or is validating the dict. BTrees is enough?
+            validateFiles(dev, deletedKeysBTreeFilesSet, allInvListsFiles, invListFilter, null);
+            validateFiles(dev, deletedKeysBTreeFilesSet, allDictBTreeFiles, dictBTreeFilter, btreeFactory);
+            validateFiles(dev, deletedKeysBTreeFilesSet, allBloomFilterFiles, bloomFilterFilter, null);
         }
         // Sanity check.
-        if (allDictBTreeFiles.size() != allDeletedKeysBTreeFiles.size()
+        if (allDictBTreeFiles.size() != allInvListsFiles.size()
+                || allDictBTreeFiles.size() != allDeletedKeysBTreeFiles.size()
                 || allDictBTreeFiles.size() != allBloomFilterFiles.size()) {
             throw new HyracksDataException(
-                    "Unequal number of valid Dictionary BTree, Deleted BTree, and Bloom Filter files found. Aborting cleanup.");
+                    "Unequal number of valid Dictionary BTree, Inverted Lists, Deleted BTree, and Bloom Filter files found. Aborting cleanup.");
         }
 
         // Trivial cases.
-        if (allDictBTreeFiles.isEmpty() || allDeletedKeysBTreeFiles.isEmpty() || allBloomFilterFiles.isEmpty()) {
+        if (allDictBTreeFiles.isEmpty() || allInvListsFiles.isEmpty() || allDeletedKeysBTreeFiles.isEmpty()
+                || allBloomFilterFiles.isEmpty()) {
             return validFiles;
         }
 
-        if (allDictBTreeFiles.size() == 1 && allDeletedKeysBTreeFiles.size() == 1 && allBloomFilterFiles.size() == 1) {
+        if (allDictBTreeFiles.size() == 1 && allInvListsFiles.size() == 1 && allDeletedKeysBTreeFiles.size() == 1
+                && allBloomFilterFiles.size() == 1) {
             validFiles.add(new LSMComponentFileReferences(allDictBTreeFiles.get(0).fileRef, allDeletedKeysBTreeFiles
                     .get(0).fileRef, allBloomFilterFiles.get(0).fileRef));
             return validFiles;
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/impls/LSMRTreeFileManager.java b/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/impls/LSMRTreeFileManager.java
index e698990..851235e 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/impls/LSMRTreeFileManager.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/impls/LSMRTreeFileManager.java
@@ -95,50 +95,14 @@
 
         // Gather files from all IODeviceHandles.
         for (IODeviceHandle dev : ioManager.getIODevices()) {
-            cleanupAndGetValidFilesInternal(dev, bloomFilterFilter, null, allBloomFilterFiles);
-            HashSet<String> bloomFilterFilesSet = new HashSet<String>();
-            for (ComparableFileName cmpFileName : allBloomFilterFiles) {
-                int index = cmpFileName.fileName.lastIndexOf(SPLIT_STRING);
-                bloomFilterFilesSet.add(cmpFileName.fileName.substring(0, index));
-            }
-
-            // List of valid BTree files that may or may not have a bloom filter buddy. Will check for buddies below.
-            ArrayList<ComparableFileName> tmpAllBTreeFiles = new ArrayList<ComparableFileName>();
-            cleanupAndGetValidFilesInternal(dev, btreeFilter, btreeFactory, tmpAllBTreeFiles);
-            // Look for buddy bloom filters for all valid BTrees. 
-            // If no buddy is found, delete the file, otherwise add the BTree to allBTreeFiles. 
+            cleanupAndGetValidFilesInternal(dev, btreeFilter, btreeFactory, allBTreeFiles);
             HashSet<String> btreeFilesSet = new HashSet<String>();
-            for (ComparableFileName cmpFileName : tmpAllBTreeFiles) {
+            for (ComparableFileName cmpFileName : allBTreeFiles) {
                 int index = cmpFileName.fileName.lastIndexOf(SPLIT_STRING);
-                String file = cmpFileName.fileName.substring(0, index);
-                if (bloomFilterFilesSet.contains(file)) {
-                    allBTreeFiles.add(cmpFileName);
-                    btreeFilesSet.add(cmpFileName.fileName.substring(0, index));
-                } else {
-                    // Couldn't find the corresponding bloom filter file; thus, delete
-                    // the BTree file.
-                    File invalidBTreeFile = new File(cmpFileName.fullPath);
-                    invalidBTreeFile.delete();
-                }
+                btreeFilesSet.add(cmpFileName.fileName.substring(0, index));
             }
-
-            // List of valid RTree files that may or may not have a BTree buddy. Will check for buddies below.
-            ArrayList<ComparableFileName> tmpAllRTreeFiles = new ArrayList<ComparableFileName>();
-            cleanupAndGetValidFilesInternal(dev, rtreeFilter, rtreeFactory, tmpAllRTreeFiles);
-            // Look for buddy BTrees for all valid RTrees. 
-            // If no buddy is found, delete the file, otherwise add the RTree to allRTreeFiles. 
-            for (ComparableFileName cmpFileName : tmpAllRTreeFiles) {
-                int index = cmpFileName.fileName.lastIndexOf(SPLIT_STRING);
-                String file = cmpFileName.fileName.substring(0, index);
-                if (btreeFilesSet.contains(file)) {
-                    allRTreeFiles.add(cmpFileName);
-                } else {
-                    // Couldn't find the corresponding BTree file; thus, delete
-                    // the RTree file.
-                    File invalidRTreeFile = new File(cmpFileName.fullPath);
-                    invalidRTreeFile.delete();
-                }
-            }
+            validateFiles(dev, btreeFilesSet, allRTreeFiles, rtreeFilter, rtreeFactory);
+            validateFiles(dev, btreeFilesSet, allBloomFilterFiles, bloomFilterFilter, null);
         }
         // Sanity check.
         if (allRTreeFiles.size() != allBTreeFiles.size() || allBTreeFiles.size() != allBloomFilterFiles.size()) {
diff --git a/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/impls/LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuplesFileManager.java b/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/impls/LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuplesFileManager.java
index 10b982f..6ddf766 100644
--- a/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/impls/LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuplesFileManager.java
+++ b/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/impls/LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuplesFileManager.java
@@ -15,112 +15,17 @@
 
 package edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.lsm.rtree.impls;
 
-import java.io.File;
-import java.io.FilenameFilter;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Collections;
-import java.util.Date;
-import java.util.List;
-
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.exceptions.HyracksDataException;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.io.FileReference;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.io.IIOManager;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.io.IODeviceHandle;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IndexException;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.lsm.common.impls.AbstractLSMIndexFileManager;
-import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.lsm.common.impls.LSMComponentFileReferences;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.am.lsm.common.impls.TreeIndexFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.storage.common.file.IFileMapProvider;
 
 public class LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuplesFileManager extends AbstractLSMIndexFileManager {
 
-    private final TreeIndexFactory<? extends ITreeIndex> rtreeFactory;
-
     public LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuplesFileManager(IIOManager ioManager, IFileMapProvider fileMapProvider,
             FileReference file, TreeIndexFactory<? extends ITreeIndex> rtreeFactory, int startIODeviceIndex) {
-        super(ioManager, fileMapProvider, file, null, startIODeviceIndex);
-        this.rtreeFactory = rtreeFactory;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public LSMComponentFileReferences getRelFlushFileReference() {
-        Date date = new Date();
-        String ts = formatter.format(date);
-        // Begin timestamp and end timestamp are identical since it is a flush
-        return new LSMComponentFileReferences(createFlushFile(baseDir + ts + SPLIT_STRING + ts), null, null);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public LSMComponentFileReferences getRelMergeFileReference(String firstFileName, String lastFileName)
-            throws HyracksDataException {
-        String[] firstTimestampRange = firstFileName.split(SPLIT_STRING);
-        String[] lastTimestampRange = lastFileName.split(SPLIT_STRING);
-        // Get the range of timestamps by taking the earliest and the latest timestamps
-        return new LSMComponentFileReferences(createMergeFile(baseDir + firstTimestampRange[0] + SPLIT_STRING
-                + lastTimestampRange[1]), null, null);
-    }
-
-    private static FilenameFilter fileNameFilter = new FilenameFilter() {
-        public boolean accept(File dir, String name) {
-            return !name.startsWith(".");
-        }
-    };
-
-    @Override
-    public List<LSMComponentFileReferences> cleanupAndGetValidFiles() throws HyracksDataException, IndexException {
-        List<LSMComponentFileReferences> validFiles = new ArrayList<LSMComponentFileReferences>();
-        ArrayList<ComparableFileName> allFiles = new ArrayList<ComparableFileName>();
-
-        // Gather files from all IODeviceHandles and delete invalid files
-        // There are two types of invalid files:
-        // (1) The isValid flag is not set
-        // (2) The file's interval is contained by some other file
-        // Here, we only filter out (1).
-        for (IODeviceHandle dev : ioManager.getIODevices()) {
-            cleanupAndGetValidFilesInternal(dev, fileNameFilter, rtreeFactory, allFiles);
-        }
-
-        if (allFiles.isEmpty()) {
-            return validFiles;
-        }
-
-        if (allFiles.size() == 1) {
-            validFiles.add(new LSMComponentFileReferences(allFiles.get(0).fileRef, null, null));
-            return validFiles;
-        }
-
-        // Sorts files names from earliest to latest timestamp.
-        Collections.sort(allFiles);
-
-        List<ComparableFileName> validComparableFiles = new ArrayList<ComparableFileName>();
-        ComparableFileName last = allFiles.get(0);
-        validComparableFiles.add(last);
-        for (int i = 1; i < allFiles.size(); i++) {
-            ComparableFileName current = allFiles.get(i);
-            // The current start timestamp is greater than last stop timestamp so current is valid.
-            if (current.interval[0].compareTo(last.interval[1]) > 0) {
-                validComparableFiles.add(current);
-                last = current;
-            } else if (current.interval[0].compareTo(last.interval[0]) >= 0
-                    && current.interval[1].compareTo(last.interval[1]) <= 0) {
-                // The current file is completely contained in the interval of the 
-                // last file. Thus the last file must contain at least as much information 
-                // as the current file, so delete the current file.
-                current.fileRef.delete();
-            } else {
-                // This scenario should not be possible since timestamps are monotonically increasing.
-                throw new HyracksDataException("Found LSM files with overlapping timestamp intervals, "
-                        + "but the intervals were not contained by another file.");
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Sort valid files in reverse lexicographical order, such that newer files come first.
-        Collections.sort(validComparableFiles, recencyCmp);
-        for (ComparableFileName cmpFileName : validComparableFiles) {
-            validFiles.add(new LSMComponentFileReferences(cmpFileName.fileRef, null, null));
-        }
-
-        return validFiles;
+        super(ioManager, fileMapProvider, file, rtreeFactory, startIODeviceIndex);
     }
 }