diff --git a/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/btree/impls/BTree.java b/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/btree/impls/BTree.java
index 78faaff..40b2f5c 100644
--- a/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/btree/impls/BTree.java
+++ b/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/btree/impls/BTree.java
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.btree.impls.BTreeOpContext.PageValidationInfo;
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IBTreeIndexTupleReference;
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IPageManager;
-import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ISplitKey;
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexAccessor;
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexCursor;
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrame;
@@ -51,7 +50,6 @@
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.frames.FrameOpSpaceStatus;
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls.AbstractTreeIndex;
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls.NoOpIndexAccessParameters;
-import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls.NodeFrontier;
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls.TreeIndexDiskOrderScanCursor;
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.ophelpers.IndexOperation;
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.common.IIndexAccessParameters;
@@ -64,17 +62,13 @@
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.common.ISearchPredicate;
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.common.MultiComparator;
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.common.NoOpIndexCursorStats;
-import org.apache.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.BufferCache;
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.IBufferCache;
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.ICachedPage;
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.IPageWriteCallback;
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.common.file.BufferedFileHandle;
-import org.apache.hyracks.util.JSONUtil;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
 
-import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.ObjectNode;
-
 public class BTree extends AbstractTreeIndex {
 
     public static final float DEFAULT_FILL_FACTOR = 0.7f;
@@ -85,7 +79,7 @@
 
     private final AtomicInteger smoCounter;
     private final ReadWriteLock treeLatch;
-    private final int maxTupleSize;
+    protected final int maxTupleSize;
 
     public BTree(IBufferCache bufferCache, IPageManager freePageManager, ITreeIndexFrameFactory interiorFrameFactory,
             ITreeIndexFrameFactory leafFrameFactory, IBinaryComparatorFactory[] cmpFactories, int fieldCount,
@@ -886,13 +880,13 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        public BTreeRangeSearchCursor createSearchCursor(boolean exclusive) {
+        public ITreeIndexCursor createSearchCursor(boolean exclusive) {
             IBTreeLeafFrame leafFrame = (IBTreeLeafFrame) btree.getLeafFrameFactory().createFrame();
             return new BTreeRangeSearchCursor(leafFrame, exclusive, (IIndexCursorStats) iap.getParameters()
                     .getOrDefault(HyracksConstants.INDEX_CURSOR_STATS, NoOpIndexCursorStats.INSTANCE));
         }
 
-        public BTreeRangeSearchCursor createPointCursor(boolean exclusive, boolean stateful) {
+        public ITreeIndexCursor createPointCursor(boolean exclusive, boolean stateful) {
             return createSearchCursor(exclusive);
         }
 
@@ -1004,220 +998,7 @@
     @Override
     public IIndexBulkLoader createBulkLoader(float fillFactor, boolean verifyInput, long numElementsHint,
             boolean checkIfEmptyIndex, IPageWriteCallback callback) throws HyracksDataException {
-        return new BTreeBulkLoader(fillFactor, verifyInput, callback);
-    }
-
-    public class BTreeBulkLoader extends AbstractTreeIndex.AbstractTreeIndexBulkLoader {
-        protected final ISplitKey splitKey;
-        protected final boolean verifyInput;
-
-        public BTreeBulkLoader(float fillFactor, boolean verifyInput, IPageWriteCallback callback)
-                throws HyracksDataException {
-            super(fillFactor, callback);
-            this.verifyInput = verifyInput;
-            splitKey = new BTreeSplitKey(leafFrame.getTupleWriter().createTupleReference());
-            splitKey.getTuple().setFieldCount(cmp.getKeyFieldCount());
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public void add(ITupleReference tuple) throws HyracksDataException {
-            try {
-                int tupleSize = Math.max(leafFrame.getBytesRequiredToWriteTuple(tuple),
-                        interiorFrame.getBytesRequiredToWriteTuple(tuple));
-                NodeFrontier leafFrontier = nodeFrontiers.get(0);
-                int spaceNeeded = tupleWriter.bytesRequired(tuple) + slotSize;
-                int spaceUsed = leafFrame.getBuffer().capacity() - leafFrame.getTotalFreeSpace();
-
-                // try to free space by compression
-                if (spaceUsed + spaceNeeded > leafMaxBytes) {
-                    leafFrame.compress();
-                    spaceUsed = leafFrame.getBuffer().capacity() - leafFrame.getTotalFreeSpace();
-                }
-                //full, allocate new page
-                if (spaceUsed + spaceNeeded > leafMaxBytes) {
-                    if (leafFrame.getTupleCount() == 0) {
-                        bufferCache.returnPage(leafFrontier.page, false);
-                    } else {
-                        leafFrontier.lastTuple.resetByTupleIndex(leafFrame, leafFrame.getTupleCount() - 1);
-                        if (verifyInput) {
-                            verifyInputTuple(tuple, leafFrontier.lastTuple);
-                        }
-                        int splitKeySize = tupleWriter.bytesRequired(leafFrontier.lastTuple, 0, cmp.getKeyFieldCount());
-                        splitKey.initData(splitKeySize);
-                        tupleWriter.writeTupleFields(leafFrontier.lastTuple, 0, cmp.getKeyFieldCount(),
-                                splitKey.getBuffer().array(), 0);
-                        splitKey.getTuple().resetByTupleOffset(splitKey.getBuffer().array(), 0);
-                        splitKey.setLeftPage(leafFrontier.pageId);
-
-                        propagateBulk(1, pagesToWrite);
-
-                        leafFrontier.pageId = freePageManager.takePage(metaFrame);
-
-                        ((IBTreeLeafFrame) leafFrame).setNextLeaf(leafFrontier.pageId);
-
-                        write(leafFrontier.page);
-                        for (ICachedPage c : pagesToWrite) {
-                            write(c);
-                        }
-                        pagesToWrite.clear();
-                        splitKey.setRightPage(leafFrontier.pageId);
-                    }
-                    if (tupleSize > maxTupleSize) {
-                        final long dpid = BufferedFileHandle.getDiskPageId(getFileId(), leafFrontier.pageId);
-                        // calculate required number of pages.
-                        int headerSize = Math.max(leafFrame.getPageHeaderSize(), interiorFrame.getPageHeaderSize());
-                        final int multiplier =
-                                (int) Math.ceil((double) tupleSize / (bufferCache.getPageSize() - headerSize));
-                        if (multiplier > 1) {
-                            leafFrontier.page = bufferCache.confiscateLargePage(dpid, multiplier,
-                                    freePageManager.takeBlock(metaFrame, multiplier - 1));
-                        } else {
-                            leafFrontier.page = bufferCache.confiscatePage(dpid);
-                        }
-                        leafFrame.setPage(leafFrontier.page);
-                        leafFrame.initBuffer((byte) 0);
-                        ((IBTreeLeafFrame) leafFrame).setLargeFlag(true);
-                    } else {
-                        final long dpid = BufferedFileHandle.getDiskPageId(getFileId(), leafFrontier.pageId);
-                        leafFrontier.page = bufferCache.confiscatePage(dpid);
-                        leafFrame.setPage(leafFrontier.page);
-                        leafFrame.initBuffer((byte) 0);
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    if (verifyInput && leafFrame.getTupleCount() > 0) {
-                        leafFrontier.lastTuple.resetByTupleIndex(leafFrame, leafFrame.getTupleCount() - 1);
-                        verifyInputTuple(tuple, leafFrontier.lastTuple);
-                    }
-                }
-                ((IBTreeLeafFrame) leafFrame).insertSorted(tuple);
-            } catch (HyracksDataException | RuntimeException e) {
-                logState(tuple, e);
-                handleException();
-                throw e;
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected void verifyInputTuple(ITupleReference tuple, ITupleReference prevTuple) throws HyracksDataException {
-            // New tuple should be strictly greater than last tuple.
-            int cmpResult = cmp.compare(tuple, prevTuple);
-            if (cmpResult < 0) {
-                throw HyracksDataException.create(ErrorCode.UNSORTED_LOAD_INPUT);
-            }
-            if (cmpResult == 0) {
-                throw HyracksDataException.create(ErrorCode.DUPLICATE_LOAD_INPUT);
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected void propagateBulk(int level, List<ICachedPage> pagesToWrite) throws HyracksDataException {
-            if (splitKey.getBuffer() == null) {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            if (level >= nodeFrontiers.size()) {
-                addLevel();
-            }
-
-            NodeFrontier frontier = nodeFrontiers.get(level);
-            interiorFrame.setPage(frontier.page);
-
-            ITupleReference tuple = splitKey.getTuple();
-            int tupleBytes = tupleWriter.bytesRequired(tuple, 0, cmp.getKeyFieldCount());
-            int spaceNeeded = tupleBytes + slotSize + 4;
-            if (tupleBytes > interiorFrame.getMaxTupleSize(BTree.this.bufferCache.getPageSize())) {
-                throw HyracksDataException.create(ErrorCode.RECORD_IS_TOO_LARGE, tupleBytes,
-                        interiorFrame.getMaxTupleSize(BTree.this.bufferCache.getPageSize()));
-            }
-
-            int spaceUsed = interiorFrame.getBuffer().capacity() - interiorFrame.getTotalFreeSpace();
-            if (spaceUsed + spaceNeeded > interiorMaxBytes) {
-
-                ISplitKey copyKey = splitKey.duplicate(leafFrame.getTupleWriter().createTupleReference());
-                tuple = copyKey.getTuple();
-
-                frontier.lastTuple.resetByTupleIndex(interiorFrame, interiorFrame.getTupleCount() - 1);
-                int splitKeySize = tupleWriter.bytesRequired(frontier.lastTuple, 0, cmp.getKeyFieldCount());
-                splitKey.initData(splitKeySize);
-                tupleWriter.writeTupleFields(frontier.lastTuple, 0, cmp.getKeyFieldCount(),
-                        splitKey.getBuffer().array(), 0);
-                splitKey.getTuple().resetByTupleOffset(splitKey.getBuffer().array(), 0);
-
-                ((IBTreeInteriorFrame) interiorFrame).deleteGreatest();
-                int finalPageId = freePageManager.takePage(metaFrame);
-                frontier.page.setDiskPageId(BufferedFileHandle.getDiskPageId(getFileId(), finalPageId));
-                pagesToWrite.add(frontier.page);
-                splitKey.setLeftPage(finalPageId);
-
-                propagateBulk(level + 1, pagesToWrite);
-                frontier.page = bufferCache.confiscatePage(BufferCache.INVALID_DPID);
-                interiorFrame.setPage(frontier.page);
-                interiorFrame.initBuffer((byte) level);
-            }
-            ((IBTreeInteriorFrame) interiorFrame).insertSorted(tuple);
-        }
-
-        private void persistFrontiers(int level, int rightPage) throws HyracksDataException {
-            if (level >= nodeFrontiers.size()) {
-                rootPage = nodeFrontiers.get(level - 1).pageId;
-                releasedLatches = true;
-                return;
-            }
-            if (level < 1) {
-                ICachedPage lastLeaf = nodeFrontiers.get(level).page;
-                int lastLeafPage = nodeFrontiers.get(level).pageId;
-                lastLeaf.setDiskPageId(BufferedFileHandle.getDiskPageId(getFileId(), nodeFrontiers.get(level).pageId));
-                write(lastLeaf);
-                nodeFrontiers.get(level).page = null;
-                persistFrontiers(level + 1, lastLeafPage);
-                return;
-            }
-            NodeFrontier frontier = nodeFrontiers.get(level);
-            interiorFrame.setPage(frontier.page);
-            //just finalize = the layer right above the leaves has correct righthand pointers already
-            if (rightPage < 0) {
-                throw new HyracksDataException(
-                        "Error in index creation. Internal node appears to have no rightmost guide");
-            }
-            ((IBTreeInteriorFrame) interiorFrame).setRightmostChildPageId(rightPage);
-            int finalPageId = freePageManager.takePage(metaFrame);
-            frontier.page.setDiskPageId(BufferedFileHandle.getDiskPageId(getFileId(), finalPageId));
-            write(frontier.page);
-            frontier.pageId = finalPageId;
-            persistFrontiers(level + 1, finalPageId);
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public void end() throws HyracksDataException {
-            try {
-                persistFrontiers(0, -1);
-                super.end();
-            } catch (HyracksDataException | RuntimeException e) {
-                handleException();
-                throw e;
-            }
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public void abort() throws HyracksDataException {
-            super.handleException();
-        }
-
-        private void logState(ITupleReference tuple, Exception e) {
-            try {
-                ObjectNode state = JSONUtil.createObject();
-                state.set("leafFrame", leafFrame.getState());
-                state.set("interiorFrame", interiorFrame.getState());
-                int tupleSize = Math.max(leafFrame.getBytesRequiredToWriteTuple(tuple),
-                        interiorFrame.getBytesRequiredToWriteTuple(tuple));
-                state.put("tupleSize", tupleSize);
-                state.put("spaceNeeded", tupleWriter.bytesRequired(tuple) + slotSize);
-                state.put("spaceUsed", leafFrame.getBuffer().capacity() - leafFrame.getTotalFreeSpace());
-                state.put("leafMaxBytes", leafMaxBytes);
-                state.put("maxTupleSize", maxTupleSize);
-                LOGGER.error("failed to add tuple {}", state, e);
-            } catch (Throwable t) {
-                e.addSuppressed(t);
-            }
-        }
+        return new BTreeNSMBulkLoader(fillFactor, verifyInput, callback, this);
     }
 
     @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
diff --git a/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/btree/impls/BTreeNSMBulkLoader.java b/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/btree/impls/BTreeNSMBulkLoader.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04c84e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-btree/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/btree/impls/BTreeNSMBulkLoader.java
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.btree.impls;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.hyracks.api.exceptions.ErrorCode;
+import org.apache.hyracks.api.exceptions.HyracksDataException;
+import org.apache.hyracks.dataflow.common.data.accessors.ITupleReference;
+import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.btree.api.IBTreeInteriorFrame;
+import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.btree.api.IBTreeLeafFrame;
+import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ISplitKey;
+import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
+import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrame;
+import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls.AbstractTreeIndexBulkLoader;
+import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls.NodeFrontier;
+import org.apache.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.IBufferCache;
+import org.apache.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.ICachedPage;
+import org.apache.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.IPageWriteCallback;
+import org.apache.hyracks.storage.common.file.BufferedFileHandle;
+import org.apache.hyracks.util.JSONUtil;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.ObjectNode;
+
+public class BTreeNSMBulkLoader extends AbstractTreeIndexBulkLoader {
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = LogManager.getLogger();
+    protected final ISplitKey splitKey;
+    protected final boolean verifyInput;
+    private final int maxTupleSize;
+
+    public BTreeNSMBulkLoader(float fillFactor, boolean verifyInput, IPageWriteCallback callback, ITreeIndex index)
+            throws HyracksDataException {
+        this(fillFactor, verifyInput, callback, index, index.getLeafFrameFactory().createFrame());
+    }
+
+    protected BTreeNSMBulkLoader(float fillFactor, boolean verifyInput, IPageWriteCallback callback, ITreeIndex index,
+            ITreeIndexFrame leafFrame) throws HyracksDataException {
+        super(fillFactor, callback, index, leafFrame);
+        this.verifyInput = verifyInput;
+        splitKey = new BTreeSplitKey(tupleWriter.createTupleReference());
+        splitKey.getTuple().setFieldCount(cmp.getKeyFieldCount());
+        maxTupleSize = ((BTree) index).maxTupleSize;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void add(ITupleReference tuple) throws HyracksDataException {
+        try {
+            int tupleSize = Math.max(leafFrame.getBytesRequiredToWriteTuple(tuple),
+                    interiorFrame.getBytesRequiredToWriteTuple(tuple));
+            NodeFrontier leafFrontier = nodeFrontiers.get(0);
+            int spaceNeeded = tupleWriter.bytesRequired(tuple) + slotSize;
+            int spaceUsed = leafFrame.getBuffer().capacity() - leafFrame.getTotalFreeSpace();
+
+            // try to free space by compression
+            if (spaceUsed + spaceNeeded > leafMaxBytes) {
+                leafFrame.compress();
+                spaceUsed = leafFrame.getBuffer().capacity() - leafFrame.getTotalFreeSpace();
+            }
+            //full, allocate new page
+            if (spaceUsed + spaceNeeded > leafMaxBytes) {
+                if (leafFrame.getTupleCount() == 0) {
+                    //The current page is empty. Return it.
+                    bufferCache.returnPage(leafFrontier.page, false);
+                } else {
+                    leafFrontier.lastTuple.resetByTupleIndex(leafFrame, leafFrame.getTupleCount() - 1);
+                    if (verifyInput) {
+                        verifyInputTuple(tuple, leafFrontier.lastTuple);
+                    }
+                    //The current page is not empty. Write it.
+                    writeFullLeafPage();
+                }
+                if (tupleSize > maxTupleSize) {
+                    //We need a large page
+                    final long dpid = BufferedFileHandle.getDiskPageId(fileId, leafFrontier.pageId);
+                    // calculate required number of pages.
+                    int headerSize = Math.max(leafFrame.getPageHeaderSize(), interiorFrame.getPageHeaderSize());
+                    final int multiplier =
+                            (int) Math.ceil((double) tupleSize / (bufferCache.getPageSize() - headerSize));
+                    if (multiplier > 1) {
+                        leafFrontier.page = bufferCache.confiscateLargePage(dpid, multiplier,
+                                freePageManager.takeBlock(metaFrame, multiplier - 1));
+                    } else {
+                        leafFrontier.page = bufferCache.confiscatePage(dpid);
+                    }
+                    leafFrame.setPage(leafFrontier.page);
+                    leafFrame.initBuffer((byte) 0);
+                    ((IBTreeLeafFrame) leafFrame).setLargeFlag(true);
+                } else {
+                    //allocate a new page
+                    confiscateNewLeafPage();
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (verifyInput && leafFrame.getTupleCount() > 0) {
+                    leafFrontier.lastTuple.resetByTupleIndex(leafFrame, leafFrame.getTupleCount() - 1);
+                    verifyInputTuple(tuple, leafFrontier.lastTuple);
+                }
+            }
+            ((IBTreeLeafFrame) leafFrame).insertSorted(tuple);
+        } catch (HyracksDataException | RuntimeException e) {
+            logState(tuple, e);
+            handleException();
+            throw e;
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void verifyInputTuple(ITupleReference tuple, ITupleReference prevTuple) throws HyracksDataException {
+        // New tuple should be strictly greater than last tuple.
+        int cmpResult = cmp.compare(tuple, prevTuple);
+        if (cmpResult < 0) {
+            throw HyracksDataException.create(ErrorCode.UNSORTED_LOAD_INPUT);
+        }
+        if (cmpResult == 0) {
+            throw HyracksDataException.create(ErrorCode.DUPLICATE_LOAD_INPUT);
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void propagateBulk(int level, List<ICachedPage> pagesToWrite) throws HyracksDataException {
+        if (splitKey.getBuffer() == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (level >= nodeFrontiers.size()) {
+            addLevel();
+        }
+
+        NodeFrontier frontier = nodeFrontiers.get(level);
+        interiorFrame.setPage(frontier.page);
+
+        ITupleReference tuple = splitKey.getTuple();
+        int tupleBytes = tupleWriter.bytesRequired(tuple, 0, cmp.getKeyFieldCount());
+        int spaceNeeded = tupleBytes + slotSize + 4;
+        if (tupleBytes > interiorFrame.getMaxTupleSize(bufferCache.getPageSize())) {
+            throw HyracksDataException.create(ErrorCode.RECORD_IS_TOO_LARGE, tupleBytes,
+                    interiorFrame.getMaxTupleSize(bufferCache.getPageSize()));
+        }
+
+        int spaceUsed = interiorFrame.getBuffer().capacity() - interiorFrame.getTotalFreeSpace();
+        if (spaceUsed + spaceNeeded > interiorMaxBytes) {
+            ISplitKey copyKey = splitKey.duplicate(tupleWriter.createTupleReference());
+            tuple = copyKey.getTuple();
+
+            frontier.lastTuple.resetByTupleIndex(interiorFrame, interiorFrame.getTupleCount() - 1);
+            int splitKeySize = tupleWriter.bytesRequired(frontier.lastTuple, 0, cmp.getKeyFieldCount());
+            splitKey.initData(splitKeySize);
+            tupleWriter.writeTupleFields(frontier.lastTuple, 0, cmp.getKeyFieldCount(), splitKey.getBuffer().array(),
+                    0);
+            splitKey.getTuple().resetByTupleOffset(splitKey.getBuffer().array(), 0);
+
+            ((IBTreeInteriorFrame) interiorFrame).deleteGreatest();
+            int finalPageId = freePageManager.takePage(metaFrame);
+            frontier.page.setDiskPageId(BufferedFileHandle.getDiskPageId(fileId, finalPageId));
+            pagesToWrite.add(frontier.page);
+            splitKey.setLeftPage(finalPageId);
+
+            propagateBulk(level + 1, pagesToWrite);
+            frontier.page = bufferCache.confiscatePage(IBufferCache.INVALID_DPID);
+            interiorFrame.setPage(frontier.page);
+            interiorFrame.initBuffer((byte) level);
+        }
+        ((IBTreeInteriorFrame) interiorFrame).insertSorted(tuple);
+    }
+
+    private void persistFrontiers(int level, int rightPage) throws HyracksDataException {
+        if (level >= nodeFrontiers.size()) {
+            setRootPageId(nodeFrontiers.get(level - 1).pageId);
+            releasedLatches = true;
+            return;
+        }
+        if (level < 1) {
+            ICachedPage lastLeaf = nodeFrontiers.get(level).page;
+            int lastLeafPage = nodeFrontiers.get(level).pageId;
+            lastLeaf.setDiskPageId(BufferedFileHandle.getDiskPageId(fileId, nodeFrontiers.get(level).pageId));
+            writeLastLeaf(lastLeaf);
+            nodeFrontiers.get(level).page = null;
+            persistFrontiers(level + 1, lastLeafPage);
+            return;
+        }
+        NodeFrontier frontier = nodeFrontiers.get(level);
+        interiorFrame.setPage(frontier.page);
+        //just finalize = the layer right above the leaves has correct righthand pointers already
+        if (rightPage < 0) {
+            throw new HyracksDataException("Error in index creation. Internal node appears to have no rightmost guide");
+        }
+        ((IBTreeInteriorFrame) interiorFrame).setRightmostChildPageId(rightPage);
+        int finalPageId = freePageManager.takePage(metaFrame);
+        frontier.page.setDiskPageId(BufferedFileHandle.getDiskPageId(fileId, finalPageId));
+        write(frontier.page);
+        frontier.pageId = finalPageId;
+        persistFrontiers(level + 1, finalPageId);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void end() throws HyracksDataException {
+        try {
+            persistFrontiers(0, -1);
+            super.end();
+        } catch (HyracksDataException | RuntimeException e) {
+            handleException();
+            throw e;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void abort() throws HyracksDataException {
+        super.handleException();
+    }
+
+    protected void writeFullLeafPage() throws HyracksDataException {
+        final NodeFrontier leafFrontier = nodeFrontiers.get(0);
+        leafFrontier.lastTuple.resetByTupleIndex(leafFrame, leafFrame.getTupleCount() - 1);
+        final int splitKeySize = tupleWriter.bytesRequired(leafFrontier.lastTuple, 0, cmp.getKeyFieldCount());
+        splitKey.initData(splitKeySize);
+        tupleWriter.writeTupleFields(leafFrontier.lastTuple, 0, cmp.getKeyFieldCount(), splitKey.getBuffer().array(),
+                0);
+        splitKey.getTuple().resetByTupleOffset(splitKey.getBuffer().array(), 0);
+        splitKey.setLeftPage(leafFrontier.pageId);
+
+        propagateBulk(1, pagesToWrite);
+
+        leafFrontier.pageId = freePageManager.takePage(metaFrame);
+
+        ((IBTreeLeafFrame) leafFrame).setNextLeaf(leafFrontier.pageId);
+
+        write(leafFrontier.page);
+        for (ICachedPage c : pagesToWrite) {
+            write(c);
+        }
+        pagesToWrite.clear();
+        splitKey.setRightPage(leafFrontier.pageId);
+    }
+
+    protected void writeLastLeaf(ICachedPage page) throws HyracksDataException {
+        write(page);
+    }
+
+    protected final void confiscateNewLeafPage() throws HyracksDataException {
+        final NodeFrontier leafFrontier = nodeFrontiers.get(0);
+        final long dpid = BufferedFileHandle.getDiskPageId(fileId, leafFrontier.pageId);
+        leafFrontier.page = bufferCache.confiscatePage(dpid);
+        leafFrame.setPage(leafFrontier.page);
+        leafFrame.initBuffer((byte) 0);
+    }
+
+    private void logState(ITupleReference tuple, Exception e) {
+        try {
+            ObjectNode state = JSONUtil.createObject();
+            state.set("leafFrame", leafFrame.getState());
+            state.set("interiorFrame", interiorFrame.getState());
+            int tupleSize = Math.max(leafFrame.getBytesRequiredToWriteTuple(tuple),
+                    interiorFrame.getBytesRequiredToWriteTuple(tuple));
+            state.put("tupleSize", tupleSize);
+            state.put("spaceNeeded", tupleWriter.bytesRequired(tuple) + slotSize);
+            state.put("spaceUsed", leafFrame.getBuffer().capacity() - leafFrame.getTotalFreeSpace());
+            state.put("leafMaxBytes", leafMaxBytes);
+            state.put("maxTupleSize", maxTupleSize);
+            LOGGER.error("failed to add tuple {}", state, e);
+        } catch (Throwable t) {
+            e.addSuppressed(t);
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/common/impls/AbstractTreeIndex.java b/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/common/impls/AbstractTreeIndex.java
index 81e528b..11368bf 100644
--- a/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/common/impls/AbstractTreeIndex.java
+++ b/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/common/impls/AbstractTreeIndex.java
@@ -19,9 +19,6 @@
 
 package org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls;
 
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.List;
-
 import org.apache.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.IBinaryComparatorFactory;
 import org.apache.hyracks.api.exceptions.ErrorCode;
 import org.apache.hyracks.api.exceptions.HyracksDataException;
@@ -30,17 +27,9 @@
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrame;
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrameFactory;
-import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexMetadataFrame;
-import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexTupleWriter;
-import org.apache.hyracks.storage.common.IIndexBulkLoader;
-import org.apache.hyracks.storage.common.MultiComparator;
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.HaltOnFailureCallback;
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.IBufferCache;
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.ICachedPage;
-import org.apache.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.IFIFOPageWriter;
-import org.apache.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.IPageWriteCallback;
-import org.apache.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.PageWriteFailureCallback;
-import org.apache.hyracks.storage.common.compression.file.ICompressedPageWriter;
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.common.file.BufferedFileHandle;
 
 public abstract class AbstractTreeIndex implements ITreeIndex {
@@ -229,118 +218,6 @@
         return fieldCount;
     }
 
-    public abstract class AbstractTreeIndexBulkLoader extends PageWriteFailureCallback implements IIndexBulkLoader {
-        protected final MultiComparator cmp;
-        protected final int slotSize;
-        protected final int leafMaxBytes;
-        protected final int interiorMaxBytes;
-        protected final ArrayList<NodeFrontier> nodeFrontiers = new ArrayList<>();
-        protected final ITreeIndexMetadataFrame metaFrame;
-        protected final ITreeIndexTupleWriter tupleWriter;
-        protected ITreeIndexFrame leafFrame;
-        protected ITreeIndexFrame interiorFrame;
-        // Immutable bulk loaders write their root page at page -2, as needed e.g. by append-only file systems such as
-        // HDFS.  Since loading this tree relies on the root page actually being at that point, no further inserts into
-        // that tree are allowed.  Currently, this is not enforced.
-        protected boolean releasedLatches;
-        private final IFIFOPageWriter pageWriter;
-        protected List<ICachedPage> pagesToWrite;
-        private final ICompressedPageWriter compressedPageWriter;
-
-        public AbstractTreeIndexBulkLoader(float fillFactor, IPageWriteCallback callback) throws HyracksDataException {
-            leafFrame = leafFrameFactory.createFrame();
-            interiorFrame = interiorFrameFactory.createFrame();
-            metaFrame = freePageManager.createMetadataFrame();
-
-            pageWriter = bufferCache.createFIFOWriter(callback, this);
-
-            if (!isEmptyTree(leafFrame)) {
-                throw HyracksDataException.create(ErrorCode.CANNOT_BULK_LOAD_NON_EMPTY_TREE);
-            }
-
-            this.cmp = MultiComparator.create(cmpFactories);
-
-            leafFrame.setMultiComparator(cmp);
-            interiorFrame.setMultiComparator(cmp);
-
-            tupleWriter = leafFrame.getTupleWriter();
-
-            NodeFrontier leafFrontier = new NodeFrontier(leafFrame.createTupleReference());
-            leafFrontier.pageId = freePageManager.takePage(metaFrame);
-            leafFrontier.page =
-                    bufferCache.confiscatePage(BufferedFileHandle.getDiskPageId(fileId, leafFrontier.pageId));
-
-            interiorFrame.setPage(leafFrontier.page);
-            interiorFrame.initBuffer((byte) 0);
-            interiorMaxBytes = (int) (interiorFrame.getBuffer().capacity() * fillFactor);
-
-            leafFrame.setPage(leafFrontier.page);
-            leafFrame.initBuffer((byte) 0);
-            leafMaxBytes = (int) (leafFrame.getBuffer().capacity() * fillFactor);
-            slotSize = leafFrame.getSlotSize();
-
-            nodeFrontiers.add(leafFrontier);
-            pagesToWrite = new ArrayList<>();
-            compressedPageWriter = bufferCache.getCompressedPageWriter(fileId);
-        }
-
-        protected void handleException() {
-            // Unlatch and unpin pages that weren't in the queue to avoid leaking memory.
-            compressedPageWriter.abort();
-            for (NodeFrontier nodeFrontier : nodeFrontiers) {
-                if (nodeFrontier != null && nodeFrontier.page != null) {
-                    ICachedPage frontierPage = nodeFrontier.page;
-                    if (frontierPage.confiscated()) {
-                        bufferCache.returnPage(frontierPage, false);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            for (ICachedPage pageToDiscard : pagesToWrite) {
-                if (pageToDiscard != null) {
-                    bufferCache.returnPage(pageToDiscard, false);
-                }
-            }
-            releasedLatches = true;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public void end() throws HyracksDataException {
-            if (hasFailed()) {
-                throw HyracksDataException.create(getFailure());
-            }
-            freePageManager.setRootPageId(rootPage);
-        }
-
-        protected void addLevel() throws HyracksDataException {
-            NodeFrontier frontier = new NodeFrontier(tupleWriter.createTupleReference());
-            frontier.page = bufferCache.confiscatePage(IBufferCache.INVALID_DPID);
-            frontier.pageId = -1;
-            frontier.lastTuple.setFieldCount(cmp.getKeyFieldCount());
-            interiorFrame.setPage(frontier.page);
-            interiorFrame.initBuffer((byte) nodeFrontiers.size());
-            nodeFrontiers.add(frontier);
-        }
-
-        public ITreeIndexFrame getLeafFrame() {
-            return leafFrame;
-        }
-
-        public void setLeafFrame(ITreeIndexFrame leafFrame) {
-            this.leafFrame = leafFrame;
-        }
-
-        public void write(ICachedPage cPage) throws HyracksDataException {
-            compressedPageWriter.prepareWrite(cPage);
-            pageWriter.write(cPage);
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public void force() throws HyracksDataException {
-            bufferCache.force(fileId, false);
-        }
-
-    }
-
     public IBinaryComparatorFactory[] getCmpFactories() {
         return cmpFactories;
     }
diff --git a/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/common/impls/AbstractTreeIndexBulkLoader.java b/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/common/impls/AbstractTreeIndexBulkLoader.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45a88a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-common/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/common/impls/AbstractTreeIndexBulkLoader.java
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.hyracks.api.exceptions.ErrorCode;
+import org.apache.hyracks.api.exceptions.HyracksDataException;
+import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.IPageManager;
+import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndex;
+import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexFrame;
+import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexMetadataFrame;
+import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexTupleReference;
+import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexTupleWriter;
+import org.apache.hyracks.storage.common.IIndexBulkLoader;
+import org.apache.hyracks.storage.common.MultiComparator;
+import org.apache.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.IBufferCache;
+import org.apache.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.ICachedPage;
+import org.apache.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.IFIFOPageWriter;
+import org.apache.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.IPageWriteCallback;
+import org.apache.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.PageWriteFailureCallback;
+import org.apache.hyracks.storage.common.compression.file.ICompressedPageWriter;
+import org.apache.hyracks.storage.common.file.BufferedFileHandle;
+
+public abstract class AbstractTreeIndexBulkLoader extends PageWriteFailureCallback implements IIndexBulkLoader {
+    protected final IBufferCache bufferCache;
+    protected final IPageManager freePageManager;
+    protected final AbstractTreeIndex treeIndex;
+    protected final int fileId;
+    protected final MultiComparator cmp;
+    protected final int slotSize;
+    protected final int leafMaxBytes;
+    protected final int interiorMaxBytes;
+    protected final ArrayList<NodeFrontier> nodeFrontiers = new ArrayList<>();
+    protected final ITreeIndexMetadataFrame metaFrame;
+    protected final ITreeIndexTupleWriter tupleWriter;
+    protected ITreeIndexFrame leafFrame;
+    protected ITreeIndexFrame interiorFrame;
+    // Immutable bulk loaders write their root page at page -2, as needed e.g. by append-only file systems such as
+    // HDFS.  Since loading this tree relies on the root page actually being at that point, no further inserts into
+    // that tree are allowed.  Currently, this is not enforced.
+    protected boolean releasedLatches;
+    private final IFIFOPageWriter pageWriter;
+    protected List<ICachedPage> pagesToWrite;
+    private final ICompressedPageWriter compressedPageWriter;
+
+    protected AbstractTreeIndexBulkLoader(float fillFactor, IPageWriteCallback callback, ITreeIndex index)
+            throws HyracksDataException {
+        this(fillFactor, callback, index, index.getLeafFrameFactory().createFrame());
+    }
+
+    protected AbstractTreeIndexBulkLoader(float fillFactor, IPageWriteCallback callback, ITreeIndex index,
+            ITreeIndexFrame leafFrame) throws HyracksDataException {
+        this.bufferCache = index.getBufferCache();
+        this.freePageManager = index.getPageManager();
+        this.fileId = index.getFileId();
+        this.treeIndex = (AbstractTreeIndex) index;
+        this.leafFrame = leafFrame;
+        interiorFrame = treeIndex.getInteriorFrameFactory().createFrame();
+        metaFrame = freePageManager.createMetadataFrame();
+
+        pageWriter = bufferCache.createFIFOWriter(callback, this);
+
+        if (!treeIndex.isEmptyTree(leafFrame)) {
+            throw HyracksDataException.create(ErrorCode.CANNOT_BULK_LOAD_NON_EMPTY_TREE);
+        }
+
+        this.cmp = MultiComparator.create(treeIndex.getCmpFactories());
+
+        leafFrame.setMultiComparator(cmp);
+        interiorFrame.setMultiComparator(cmp);
+
+        tupleWriter = leafFrame.getTupleWriter();
+        NodeFrontier leafFrontier = new NodeFrontier(createTupleReference());
+        leafFrontier.pageId = freePageManager.takePage(metaFrame);
+        leafFrontier.page = bufferCache.confiscatePage(BufferedFileHandle.getDiskPageId(fileId, leafFrontier.pageId));
+
+        interiorFrame.setPage(leafFrontier.page);
+        interiorFrame.initBuffer((byte) 0);
+        interiorMaxBytes = (int) (interiorFrame.getBuffer().capacity() * fillFactor);
+
+        leafFrame.setPage(leafFrontier.page);
+        leafFrame.initBuffer((byte) 0);
+        leafMaxBytes = (int) (leafFrame.getBuffer().capacity() * fillFactor);
+        slotSize = leafFrame.getSlotSize();
+
+        nodeFrontiers.add(leafFrontier);
+        pagesToWrite = new ArrayList<>();
+        compressedPageWriter = bufferCache.getCompressedPageWriter(fileId);
+    }
+
+    protected ITreeIndexTupleReference createTupleReference() {
+        return leafFrame.createTupleReference();
+    }
+
+    protected void handleException() {
+        // Unlatch and unpin pages that weren't in the queue to avoid leaking memory.
+        compressedPageWriter.abort();
+        for (NodeFrontier nodeFrontier : nodeFrontiers) {
+            if (nodeFrontier != null && nodeFrontier.page != null) {
+                ICachedPage frontierPage = nodeFrontier.page;
+                if (frontierPage.confiscated()) {
+                    bufferCache.returnPage(frontierPage, false);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        for (ICachedPage pageToDiscard : pagesToWrite) {
+            if (pageToDiscard != null) {
+                bufferCache.returnPage(pageToDiscard, false);
+            }
+        }
+        releasedLatches = true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void end() throws HyracksDataException {
+        if (hasFailed()) {
+            throw HyracksDataException.create(getFailure());
+        }
+        freePageManager.setRootPageId(treeIndex.getRootPageId());
+    }
+
+    protected void setRootPageId(int rootPage) {
+        treeIndex.rootPage = rootPage;
+    }
+
+    protected void addLevel() throws HyracksDataException {
+        NodeFrontier frontier = new NodeFrontier(tupleWriter.createTupleReference());
+        frontier.page = bufferCache.confiscatePage(IBufferCache.INVALID_DPID);
+        frontier.pageId = -1;
+        frontier.lastTuple.setFieldCount(cmp.getKeyFieldCount());
+        interiorFrame.setPage(frontier.page);
+        interiorFrame.initBuffer((byte) nodeFrontiers.size());
+        nodeFrontiers.add(frontier);
+    }
+
+    public ITreeIndexFrame getLeafFrame() {
+        return leafFrame;
+    }
+
+    public void setLeafFrame(ITreeIndexFrame leafFrame) {
+        this.leafFrame = leafFrame;
+    }
+
+    public void write(ICachedPage cPage) throws HyracksDataException {
+        compressedPageWriter.prepareWrite(cPage);
+        pageWriter.write(cPage);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void force() throws HyracksDataException {
+        bufferCache.force(fileId, false);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/impls/LSMBTree.java b/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/impls/LSMBTree.java
index c3d1416..a10dbb6 100644
--- a/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/impls/LSMBTree.java
+++ b/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/impls/LSMBTree.java
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@
                 try {
                     List<ILSMComponent> mergedComponents = mergeOp.getMergingComponents();
                     long numElements = getNumberOfElements(mergedComponents);
-                    mergedComponent = createDiskComponent(componentFactory, mergeOp.getTarget(), null,
+                    mergedComponent = createDiskComponent(getMergeComponentFactory(), mergeOp.getTarget(), null,
                             mergeOp.getBloomFilterTarget(), true);
                     IPageWriteCallback pageWriteCallback = pageWriteCallbackFactory.createPageWriteCallback();
                     componentBulkLoader = mergedComponent.createBulkLoader(operation, 1.0f, false, numElements, false,
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@
     }
 
     public ILSMIndexAccessor createAccessor(AbstractLSMIndexOperationContext opCtx) {
-        return new LSMTreeIndexAccessor(getHarness(), opCtx, cursorFactory);
+        return new LSMTreeIndexAccessor(getHarness(), opCtx, getCursorFactory());
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -483,8 +483,24 @@
             returnDeletedTuples = true;
         }
         IIndexCursorStats stats = new IndexCursorStats();
-        LSMBTreeRangeSearchCursor cursor = new LSMBTreeRangeSearchCursor(opCtx, returnDeletedTuples, stats);
+        LSMBTreeRangeSearchCursor cursor = createCursor(opCtx, returnDeletedTuples, stats);
         return new LSMBTreeMergeOperation(accessor, cursor, stats, mergeFileRefs.getInsertIndexFileReference(),
                 mergeFileRefs.getBloomFilterFileReference(), callback, getIndexIdentifier());
     }
+
+    protected LSMBTreeRangeSearchCursor createCursor(AbstractLSMIndexOperationContext opCtx,
+            boolean returnDeletedTuples, IIndexCursorStats stats) {
+        return new LSMBTreeRangeSearchCursor(opCtx, returnDeletedTuples, stats);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return Merge component factory (could be different from {@link #componentFactory}
+     */
+    protected ILSMDiskComponentFactory getMergeComponentFactory() {
+        return componentFactory;
+    }
+
+    protected ICursorFactory getCursorFactory() {
+        return cursorFactory;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/impls/LSMBTreeOpContext.java b/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/impls/LSMBTreeOpContext.java
index 1312e30..a00e10e 100644
--- a/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/impls/LSMBTreeOpContext.java
+++ b/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-btree/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/btree/impls/LSMBTreeOpContext.java
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.common.MultiComparator;
 import org.apache.hyracks.util.trace.ITracer;
 
-public final class LSMBTreeOpContext extends AbstractLSMIndexOperationContext {
+public class LSMBTreeOpContext extends AbstractLSMIndexOperationContext {
 
     /*
      * Finals
@@ -74,9 +74,9 @@
             IBinaryComparatorFactory[] filterCmpFactories, ITracer tracer) {
         super(index, btreeFields, filterFields, filterCmpFactories, searchCallback, modificationCallback, tracer);
         LSMBTreeMemoryComponent c = (LSMBTreeMemoryComponent) mutableComponents.get(0);
-        IBinaryComparatorFactory cmpFactories[] = c.getIndex().getComparatorFactories();
+        IBinaryComparatorFactory[] cmpFactories = c.getIndex().getComparatorFactories();
         if (cmpFactories[0] != null) {
-            this.cmp = MultiComparator.create(c.getIndex().getComparatorFactories());
+            this.cmp = createMultiComparator(c.getIndex().getComparatorFactories());
         } else {
             this.cmp = null;
         }
@@ -112,6 +112,10 @@
         insertSearchCursor = new LSMBTreePointSearchCursor(this);
     }
 
+    protected MultiComparator createMultiComparator(IBinaryComparatorFactory[] cmpFactories) {
+        return MultiComparator.create(cmpFactories);
+    }
+
     @Override
     public void setOperation(IndexOperation newOp) {
         reset();
diff --git a/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-common/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/common/impls/LSMIndexBulkLoader.java b/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-common/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/common/impls/LSMIndexBulkLoader.java
index 13a0e27..acb84e1 100644
--- a/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-common/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/common/impls/LSMIndexBulkLoader.java
+++ b/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-common/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/common/impls/LSMIndexBulkLoader.java
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
 import org.apache.hyracks.api.exceptions.HyracksDataException;
 import org.apache.hyracks.dataflow.common.data.accessors.ITupleReference;
-import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls.AbstractTreeIndex.AbstractTreeIndexBulkLoader;
+import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls.AbstractTreeIndexBulkLoader;
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.lsm.common.api.ILSMTreeTupleWriter;
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.common.IIndexBulkLoader;
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.common.buffercache.ICachedPage;
diff --git a/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/impls/LSMRTreeAbstractCursor.java b/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/impls/LSMRTreeAbstractCursor.java
index b7eb115..11385de 100644
--- a/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/impls/LSMRTreeAbstractCursor.java
+++ b/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/impls/LSMRTreeAbstractCursor.java
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.btree.impls.BTreeRangeSearchCursor;
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.btree.impls.RangePredicate;
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ILSMIndexCursor;
+import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.api.ITreeIndexCursor;
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls.IndexAccessParameters;
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls.NoOpIndexAccessParameters;
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.lsm.common.api.ILSMComponent;
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@
 
     protected boolean open;
     protected RTreeSearchCursor[] rtreeCursors;
-    protected BTreeRangeSearchCursor[] btreeCursors;
+    protected ITreeIndexCursor[] btreeCursors;
     protected RTreeAccessor[] rtreeAccessors;
     protected BTreeAccessor[] btreeAccessors;
     protected BloomFilter[] bloomFilters;
diff --git a/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/impls/LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuples.java b/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/impls/LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuples.java
index 8e5cb35..729ca74 100644
--- a/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/impls/LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuples.java
+++ b/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-lsm-rtree/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/lsm/rtree/impls/LSMRTreeWithAntiMatterTuples.java
@@ -142,7 +142,8 @@
                 bTreeTupleSorter = new TreeTupleSorter(flushingComponent.getBuddyIndex().getFileId(), linearizerArray,
                         btreeLeafFrameFactory.createFrame(), btreeLeafFrameFactory.createFrame(),
                         flushingComponent.getBuddyIndex().getBufferCache(), comparatorFields);
-                BTreeRangeSearchCursor btreeScanCursor = memBTreeAccessor.createSearchCursor(false);
+                BTreeRangeSearchCursor btreeScanCursor =
+                        (BTreeRangeSearchCursor) memBTreeAccessor.createSearchCursor(false);
                 try {
                     isEmpty = true;
                     memBTreeAccessor.search(btreeScanCursor, btreeNullPredicate);
diff --git a/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-rtree/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/impls/RTree.java b/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-rtree/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/impls/RTree.java
index 7e8f249..d85200f 100644
--- a/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-rtree/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/impls/RTree.java
+++ b/hyracks-fullstack/hyracks/hyracks-storage-am-rtree/src/main/java/org/apache/hyracks/storage/am/rtree/impls/RTree.java
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.frames.AbstractSlotManager;
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.frames.FrameOpSpaceStatus;
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls.AbstractTreeIndex;
+import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls.AbstractTreeIndexBulkLoader;
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls.NodeFrontier;
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.impls.TreeIndexDiskOrderScanCursor;
 import org.apache.hyracks.storage.am.common.ophelpers.IndexOperation;
@@ -902,7 +903,7 @@
         return new RTreeBulkLoader(fillFactor, callback);
     }
 
-    public class RTreeBulkLoader extends AbstractTreeIndex.AbstractTreeIndexBulkLoader {
+    public class RTreeBulkLoader extends AbstractTreeIndexBulkLoader {
         ITreeIndexFrame lowerFrame, prevInteriorFrame;
         RTreeTypeAwareTupleWriter interiorFrameTupleWriter =
                 ((RTreeTypeAwareTupleWriter) interiorFrame.getTupleWriter());
@@ -911,7 +912,7 @@
         List<Integer> prevNodeFrontierPages = new ArrayList<>();
 
         public RTreeBulkLoader(float fillFactor, IPageWriteCallback callback) throws HyracksDataException {
-            super(fillFactor, callback);
+            super(fillFactor, callback, RTree.this);
             prevInteriorFrame = interiorFrameFactory.createFrame();
         }