diff --git a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/ConstantFoldingRule.java b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/ConstantFoldingRule.java
index b0ce342..ae0a842 100644
--- a/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/ConstantFoldingRule.java
+++ b/asterix-algebra/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/optimizer/rules/ConstantFoldingRule.java
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@
             AqlTypeTraitProvider.INSTANCE, AqlBinaryBooleanInspectorImpl.FACTORY, AqlBinaryIntegerInspector.FACTORY,
             AqlPrinterFactoryProvider.INSTANCE, AqlNullWriterFactory.INSTANCE, null,
             new LogicalExpressionJobGenToExpressionRuntimeProviderAdapter(AqlLogicalExpressionJobGen.INSTANCE),
-            AqlExpressionTypeComputer.INSTANCE, AqlNullableTypeComputer.INSTANCE, null, null, null,
+            AqlExpressionTypeComputer.INSTANCE, AqlNullableTypeComputer.INSTANCE, null, null, null, null,
             GlobalConfig.DEFAULT_FRAME_SIZE, null);
 
     private static final IOperatorSchema[] _emptySchemas = new IOperatorSchema[] {};
diff --git a/asterix-app/data/temporal/simpletemp_30.json b/asterix-app/data/temporal/simpletemp_30.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f0a4582
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/data/temporal/simpletemp_30.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{ "date": date("4619-11-23"), "time": time("14:29:36.786Z"), "datetime": datetime("2749-01-27T17:27:30.020Z"), "duration": duration("-P474133Y7M854630DT4H40M6.45S"), "year-month-duration": year-month-duration("P193989Y3M"), "day-time-duration": day-time-duration("P4477686DT4H49M31.87S"), "date-interval": interval-date("-9537-08-04, 9656-06-03"), "time-interval": interval-time("12:04:45.689Z, 12:41:59.002Z"), "datetime-interval": interval-datetime("-2640-10-11T17:32:15.675Z, 4104-02-01T05:59:11.902Z") }
+{ "date": date("-9971-09-24"), "time": time("11:38:17.154Z"), "datetime": datetime("1259-11-13T09:49:11.852Z"), "duration": duration("P473653Y9M4566143DT10H20M53.61S"), "year-month-duration": year-month-duration("P148233Y10M"), "day-time-duration": day-time-duration("-P7236357DT2H56M56.164S"), "date-interval": interval-date("-0255-09-06, 4925-05-03"), "time-interval": interval-time("23:10:45.169Z, 01:37:48.736Z"), "datetime-interval": interval-datetime("0534-12-08T08:20:31.487Z, 6778-02-16T22:40:21.653Z") }
+{ "date": date("7986-11-25"), "time": time("12:49:39.736Z"), "datetime": datetime("-8337-01-30T15:23:07.598Z"), "duration": duration("-P184484Y7M2241423DT10H42M49.500S"), "year-month-duration": year-month-duration("-P546031Y3M"), "day-time-duration": day-time-duration("P2623386DT10H32M31.983S"), "date-interval": interval-date("-4514-05-24, 3337-08-26"), "time-interval": interval-time("04:16:42.321Z, 02:22:56.816Z"), "datetime-interval": interval-datetime("2129-12-12T13:18:35.758Z, 8647-07-01T13:10:19.691Z") }
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/api/common/APIFramework.java b/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/api/common/APIFramework.java
index 48737c7..d72ba6a 100644
--- a/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/api/common/APIFramework.java
+++ b/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/api/common/APIFramework.java
@@ -327,6 +327,7 @@
         builder.setHashFunctionFactoryProvider(format.getBinaryHashFunctionFactoryProvider());
         builder.setHashFunctionFamilyProvider(format.getBinaryHashFunctionFamilyProvider());
         builder.setNullWriterFactory(format.getNullWriterFactory());
+        builder.setPredicateEvaluatorFactoryProvider(format.getPredicateEvaluatorFactoryProvider());
 
         switch (pdf) {
             case JSON:
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/file/DatasetOperations.java b/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/file/DatasetOperations.java
index e22c215..38e12e2 100644
--- a/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/file/DatasetOperations.java
+++ b/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/file/DatasetOperations.java
@@ -112,10 +112,10 @@
             throw new AlgebricksException("DROP DATASET: No metadata for dataset " + datasetName);
         }
         if (dataset.getDatasetType() == DatasetType.EXTERNAL) {
-            return new JobSpecification();
+            return JobSpecificationUtils.createJobSpecification();
         }
 
-        JobSpecification specPrimary = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification specPrimary = JobSpecificationUtils.createJobSpecification();
 
         Pair<IFileSplitProvider, AlgebricksPartitionConstraint> splitsAndConstraint = metadataProvider
                 .splitProviderAndPartitionConstraintsForInternalOrFeedDataset(dataset.getDataverseName(), datasetName,
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@
             throw new AsterixException("Could not find dataset " + datasetName + " in datavetse " + dataverseName);
         }
         ARecordType itemType = (ARecordType) metadata.findType(dataverseName, dataset.getItemTypeName());
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = JobSpecificationUtils.createJobSpecification();
         IBinaryComparatorFactory[] comparatorFactories = DatasetUtils.computeKeysBinaryComparatorFactories(dataset,
                 itemType, format.getBinaryComparatorFactoryProvider());
         ITypeTraits[] typeTraits = DatasetUtils.computeTupleTypeTraits(dataset, itemType);
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@
             throw new AsterixException("Cannot load data into dataset  (" + datasetName + ")" + "of type "
                     + dataset.getDatasetType());
         }
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = JobSpecificationUtils.createJobSpecification();
 
         ARecordType itemType = (ARecordType) MetadataManager.INSTANCE.getDatatype(mdTxnCtx, dataverseName,
                 dataset.getItemTypeName()).getDatatype();
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/file/DataverseOperations.java b/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/file/DataverseOperations.java
index 0654ff7..b71a44a 100644
--- a/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/file/DataverseOperations.java
+++ b/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/file/DataverseOperations.java
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 
 public class DataverseOperations {
     public static JobSpecification createDropDataverseJobSpec(Dataverse dataverse, AqlMetadataProvider metadata) {
-        JobSpecification jobSpec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification jobSpec = JobSpecificationUtils.createJobSpecification();
         Pair<IFileSplitProvider, AlgebricksPartitionConstraint> splitsAndConstraint = metadata
                 .splitProviderAndPartitionConstraintsForDataverse(dataverse.getDataverseName());
         FileRemoveOperatorDescriptor frod = new FileRemoveOperatorDescriptor(jobSpec, splitsAndConstraint.first);
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/file/FeedOperations.java b/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/file/FeedOperations.java
index f9bd2d5..27b32f8 100644
--- a/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/file/FeedOperations.java
+++ b/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/file/FeedOperations.java
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@
             throw new AsterixException("Operation not support for dataset type  " + dataset.getDatasetType());
         }
 
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = JobSpecificationUtils.createJobSpecification();
         IOperatorDescriptor feedMessenger;
         AlgebricksPartitionConstraint messengerPc;
 
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/file/IndexOperations.java b/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/file/IndexOperations.java
index 90a1ef0..1452c04 100644
--- a/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/file/IndexOperations.java
+++ b/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/file/IndexOperations.java
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
         String datasetName = indexDropStmt.getDatasetName();
         String indexName = indexDropStmt.getIndexName();
 
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = JobSpecificationUtils.createJobSpecification();
 
         Pair<IFileSplitProvider, AlgebricksPartitionConstraint> splitsAndConstraint = metadataProvider
                 .splitProviderAndPartitionConstraintsForInternalOrFeedDataset(dataverseName, datasetName, indexName);
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/file/JobSpecificationUtils.java b/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/file/JobSpecificationUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa0a40f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/file/JobSpecificationUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package edu.uci.ics.asterix.file;
+
+import edu.uci.ics.asterix.common.config.AsterixCompilerProperties;
+import edu.uci.ics.asterix.om.util.AsterixAppContextInfo;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.job.JobSpecification;
+
+public class JobSpecificationUtils {
+    public static JobSpecification createJobSpecification() {
+        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        AsterixCompilerProperties compilerProperties = AsterixAppContextInfo.getInstance().getCompilerProperties();
+        int frameSize = compilerProperties.getFrameSize();
+        spec.setFrameSize(frameSize);
+
+        return spec;
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/file/SecondaryBTreeCreator.java b/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/file/SecondaryBTreeCreator.java
index ebd1a9c..71a268c 100644
--- a/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/file/SecondaryBTreeCreator.java
+++ b/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/file/SecondaryBTreeCreator.java
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 
     @Override
     public JobSpecification buildCreationJobSpec() throws AsterixException, AlgebricksException {
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = JobSpecificationUtils.createJobSpecification();
 
         AsterixStorageProperties storageProperties = propertiesProvider.getStorageProperties();
         //prepare a LocalResourceMetadata which will be stored in NC's local resource repository
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
 
     @Override
     public JobSpecification buildLoadingJobSpec() throws AsterixException, AlgebricksException {
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = JobSpecificationUtils.createJobSpecification();
 
         // Create dummy key provider for feeding the primary index scan. 
         AbstractOperatorDescriptor keyProviderOp = createDummyKeyProviderOp(spec);
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/file/SecondaryInvertedIndexCreator.java b/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/file/SecondaryInvertedIndexCreator.java
index ef94ec2..0e5612a 100644
--- a/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/file/SecondaryInvertedIndexCreator.java
+++ b/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/file/SecondaryInvertedIndexCreator.java
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@
 
     @Override
     public JobSpecification buildCreationJobSpec() throws AsterixException, AlgebricksException {
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = JobSpecificationUtils.createJobSpecification();
 
         AsterixStorageProperties storageProperties = propertiesProvider.getStorageProperties();
         //prepare a LocalResourceMetadata which will be stored in NC's local resource repository
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@
 
     @Override
     public JobSpecification buildLoadingJobSpec() throws AsterixException, AlgebricksException {
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = JobSpecificationUtils.createJobSpecification();
 
         // Create dummy key provider for feeding the primary index scan.
         AbstractOperatorDescriptor keyProviderOp = createDummyKeyProviderOp(spec);
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/file/SecondaryRTreeCreator.java b/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/file/SecondaryRTreeCreator.java
index b7e4886..1e452d8 100644
--- a/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/file/SecondaryRTreeCreator.java
+++ b/asterix-app/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/file/SecondaryRTreeCreator.java
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
 
     @Override
     public JobSpecification buildCreationJobSpec() throws AsterixException, AlgebricksException {
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = JobSpecificationUtils.createJobSpecification();
 
         AsterixStorageProperties storageProperties = propertiesProvider.getStorageProperties();
         //prepare a LocalResourceMetadata which will be stored in NC's local resource repository
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@
 
     @Override
     public JobSpecification buildLoadingJobSpec() throws AsterixException, AlgebricksException {
-        JobSpecification spec = new JobSpecification();
+        JobSpecification spec = JobSpecificationUtils.createJobSpecification();
 
         // Create dummy key provider for feeding the primary index scan. 
         AbstractOperatorDescriptor keyProviderOp = createDummyKeyProviderOp(spec);
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/metadata/queries/basic/issue_363_temporal_sec_key_4/issue_363_temporal_sec_key_4.1.ddl.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/metadata/queries/basic/issue_363_temporal_sec_key_4/issue_363_temporal_sec_key_4.1.ddl.aql
index c6a8836..a935975 100644
--- a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/metadata/queries/basic/issue_363_temporal_sec_key_4/issue_363_temporal_sec_key_4.1.ddl.aql
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/metadata/queries/basic/issue_363_temporal_sec_key_4/issue_363_temporal_sec_key_4.1.ddl.aql
@@ -16,4 +16,4 @@
 }
 
 create dataset Employee(Emp) primary key id;
-create index TestSecondIndex on Employee(dt);
\ No newline at end of file
+create index TestSecondIndex on Employee(dur);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/open-closed/query-issue423-2/query-issue423-2.1.ddl.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/open-closed/query-issue423-2/query-issue423-2.1.ddl.aql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d40df1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/open-closed/query-issue423-2/query-issue423-2.1.ddl.aql
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/*
+ * Description  : This test case is to verify the fix for issue423
+ 				  (Specifically for NLJ case)
+ 				: https://code.google.com/p/asterixdb/issues/detail?id=423
+ * Expected Res : Success
+ * Date         : 29th May 2013
+ */
+drop dataverse test if exists;
+create dataverse test;
+use dataverse test;
+
+create type TestType as open { id : int32 ,fname:string, lname:string}
+
+create dataset t2(TestType) primary key fname,lname;
+create dataset t1(TestType) primary key fname,lname;
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/open-closed/query-issue423-2/query-issue423-2.2.update.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/open-closed/query-issue423-2/query-issue423-2.2.update.aql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef89d7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/open-closed/query-issue423-2/query-issue423-2.2.update.aql
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+/*
+ * Description  : This test case is to verify the fix for issue423
+ 				  (Specifically for NLJ case)
+ 				: https://code.google.com/p/asterixdb/issues/detail?id=423
+ * Expected Res : Success
+ * Date         : 29th May 2013
+ */
+ 
+use dataverse test;
+
+insert into dataset t1({"id":123,"fname":"John","lname":"Doe"});
+insert into dataset t1({"id":122,"fname":"Bruce","lname":"Li"});
+insert into dataset t2({"id":23,"fname":"John","lname":"Doe"});
+insert into dataset t2({"id":24,"fname":"Ravi","lname":"Khanna"});
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/open-closed/query-issue423-2/query-issue423-2.3.query.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/open-closed/query-issue423-2/query-issue423-2.3.query.aql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38e7729
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/open-closed/query-issue423-2/query-issue423-2.3.query.aql
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+/*
+ * Description  : This test case is to verify the fix for issue423
+ 				  (Specifically for NLJ case)
+ 				: https://code.google.com/p/asterixdb/issues/detail?id=423
+ * Expected Res : Success
+ * Date         : 29th May 2013
+ */
+ 
+use dataverse test;
+
+for $l in dataset t1
+for $m in dataset t2
+	where $l.age>$m.age
+return {"l":$l,"m":$m};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/open-closed/query-issue423/query-issue423.1.ddl.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/open-closed/query-issue423/query-issue423.1.ddl.aql
index 05eb126..7491fcc 100644
--- a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/open-closed/query-issue423/query-issue423.1.ddl.aql
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/open-closed/query-issue423/query-issue423.1.ddl.aql
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+/*
+ * Description  : This test case is to verify the fix for issue423
+ 				  (Specifically for HHJ case)
+ 				: https://code.google.com/p/asterixdb/issues/detail?id=423
+ * Expected Res : Success
+ * Date         : 29th May 2013
+ */
+ 
 drop dataverse test if exists;
 create dataverse test;
 use dataverse test;
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/open-closed/query-issue423/query-issue423.2.update.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/open-closed/query-issue423/query-issue423.2.update.aql
index 71904f1..40ee53e 100644
--- a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/open-closed/query-issue423/query-issue423.2.update.aql
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/open-closed/query-issue423/query-issue423.2.update.aql
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+/*
+ * Description  : This test case is to verify the fix for issue423
+ 				  (Specifically for HHJ case)
+ 				: https://code.google.com/p/asterixdb/issues/detail?id=423
+ * Expected Res : Success
+ * Date         : 29th May 2013
+ */
+ 
 use dataverse test;
 
 insert into dataset t1({"id":123,"fname":"John","lname":"Doe"});
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/open-closed/query-issue423/query-issue423.3.query.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/open-closed/query-issue423/query-issue423.3.query.aql
index a07b185..d124385 100644
--- a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/open-closed/query-issue423/query-issue423.3.query.aql
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/open-closed/query-issue423/query-issue423.3.query.aql
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+/*
+ * Description  : This test case is to verify the fix for issue423
+ 				  (Specifically for HHJ case)
+ 				: https://code.google.com/p/asterixdb/issues/detail?id=423
+ * Expected Res : Success
+ * Date         : 29th May 2013
+ */
+ 
 use dataverse test;
 
 for $l in dataset t1
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/string/substr04/substr04.1.ddl.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/string/substr04/substr04.1.ddl.aql
index 280e52c..d595848 100644
--- a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/string/substr04/substr04.1.ddl.aql
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/string/substr04/substr04.1.ddl.aql
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
  * Testcase Name  : substr04.aql
- * Description    : Test substring2(string,position,position) built in function.
+ * Description    : Test substring(string,position,position) built in function.
  * Success        : Yes
  * Date           : 18th April 2012
  */
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/string/substr04/substr04.2.update.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/string/substr04/substr04.2.update.aql
index 280e52c..d595848 100644
--- a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/string/substr04/substr04.2.update.aql
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/string/substr04/substr04.2.update.aql
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
  * Testcase Name  : substr04.aql
- * Description    : Test substring2(string,position,position) built in function.
+ * Description    : Test substring(string,position,position) built in function.
  * Success        : Yes
  * Date           : 18th April 2012
  */
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/string/substr04/substr04.3.query.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/string/substr04/substr04.3.query.aql
index 0f5b1ff..69ff8ab 100644
--- a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/string/substr04/substr04.3.query.aql
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/string/substr04/substr04.3.query.aql
@@ -1,19 +1,17 @@
 /*
  * Testcase Name  : substr04.aql
- * Description    : Test substring2(string,position,position) built in function.
+ * Description    : Test substring(string, position, length) built in function.
  * Success        : Yes
  * Date           : 18th April 2012
  */
 
-for $a in [ substring2("hello world",7,11),
-substring("hello world",1,11),
-substring("hello world",3,7),
-substring("ABCD",3,6),
-substring("ABCD",0,4),
-substring("UC Irvine",4,string-length("UC Irvine")),
-substring("UC Irvine",0,string-length("UC Irvine")),
-substring("UC Irvine",1,string-length("UC Irvine")),
-substring(substring("UC Irvine",4),0,string-length("Irvine")),
-substring(substring("UC Irvine",4),0,(string-length("Irvine")/2))
+for $a in [ substring("hello world", 7, 5),
+substring("hello world", 1, 11),
+substring("hello world", 3, 9),
+substring("ABCD", 3, 2),
+substring("ABCD", 1, 4),
+substring("UC Irvine", 4, string-length("UC Irvine") - 3),
+substring("UC Irvine", 1, string-length("UC Irvine")),
+substring(substring("UC Irvine", 4), 1, string-length("Irvine"))
 ]
 return $a
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/string/substr05/substr05.1.ddl.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/string/substr05/substr05.1.ddl.aql
index cd3bee1..6a77034 100644
--- a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/string/substr05/substr05.1.ddl.aql
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/string/substr05/substr05.1.ddl.aql
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
  * Testcase Name  : substr05.aql
- * Description    : Test substring2(string,position,position) built in function.
+ * Description    : Test substring(string,position,position) built in function.
  * Success        : Yes
  * Date           : 19th April 2012
  */
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/string/substr05/substr05.2.update.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/string/substr05/substr05.2.update.aql
index da796c7..680f0db 100644
--- a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/string/substr05/substr05.2.update.aql
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/string/substr05/substr05.2.update.aql
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
  * Testcase Name  : substr05.aql
- * Description    : Test substring2(string,position,position) built in function.
+ * Description    : Test substring(string,position,position) built in function.
  * Success        : Yes
  * Date           : 19th April 2012
  */
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/string/substr05/substr05.3.query.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/string/substr05/substr05.3.query.aql
index 1b2cfe5..5c0fa4f 100644
--- a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/string/substr05/substr05.3.query.aql
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/string/substr05/substr05.3.query.aql
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 /*
  * Testcase Name  : substr05.aql
- * Description    : Test substring2(string,position,position) built in function.
+ * Description    : Test substring(string,position,position) built in function.
  * Success        : Yes
  * Date           : 19th April 2012
  */
 
-// To test substring2 function with string data stored in an internal dataset.
+// To test substring function with string data stored in an internal dataset.
 
 use dataverse test;
 
 for $a in dataset('testdst')
 order by $a.name
-return substring($a.name,4,string-length($a.name));
+return substring($a.name, 4, string-length($a.name) - 3);
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/temporal/insert_from_ext_ds_2/insert_from_ext_ds_2.1.ddl.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/temporal/insert_from_ext_ds_2/insert_from_ext_ds_2.1.ddl.aql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66d955c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/temporal/insert_from_ext_ds_2/insert_from_ext_ds_2.1.ddl.aql
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ * Test case name: insert_from_ext_ds_2
+ * Description: verify external data loading on temporal types
+ * Expected result: success
+ */
+ 
+drop dataverse timeTest if exists;
+create dataverse timeTest;
+use dataverse timeTest;
+
+create type timesType as open {
+    date: date,
+    time: time,
+    datetime: datetime,
+    duration: duration,
+    year-month-duration: year-month-duration,
+    day-time-duration: day-time-duration,
+	date-interval: interval,
+	time-interval: interval,
+	datetime-interval: interval
+}
+
+create dataset timeData(timesType)
+primary key date;
+
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/temporal/insert_from_ext_ds_2/insert_from_ext_ds_2.2.update.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/temporal/insert_from_ext_ds_2/insert_from_ext_ds_2.2.update.aql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..daff7c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/temporal/insert_from_ext_ds_2/insert_from_ext_ds_2.2.update.aql
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+use dataverse timeTest;
+
+load dataset timeData using localfs
+(("path"="nc1://data/temporal/simpletemp_30.json"),("format"="adm"));
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/temporal/insert_from_ext_ds_2/insert_from_ext_ds_2.3.query.aql b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/temporal/insert_from_ext_ds_2/insert_from_ext_ds_2.3.query.aql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28549c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/queries/temporal/insert_from_ext_ds_2/insert_from_ext_ds_2.3.query.aql
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+use dataverse timeTest;
+
+for $r in dataset timeData
+order by $r.date
+return $r
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/open-closed/query-issue423-2/query-issue423-2.1.adm b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/open-closed/query-issue423-2/query-issue423-2.1.adm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/open-closed/query-issue423-2/query-issue423-2.1.adm
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/string/substr04/substr04.1.adm b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/string/substr04/substr04.1.adm
index fcd3396..74bd0d6 100644
--- a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/string/substr04/substr04.1.adm
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/string/substr04/substr04.1.adm
@@ -5,6 +5,4 @@
 "ABCD"
 "Irvine"
 "UC Irvine"
-"UC Irvine"
-"Irvine"
 "Irvine"
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/temporal/insert_from_ext_ds_2/insert_from_ext_ds_2.1.adm b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/temporal/insert_from_ext_ds_2/insert_from_ext_ds_2.1.adm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d1cf59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/results/temporal/insert_from_ext_ds_2/insert_from_ext_ds_2.1.adm
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{ "date": date("-9971-09-24"), "time": time("11:38:17.154Z"), "datetime": datetime("1259-11-13T09:49:11.852Z"), "duration": duration("P473653Y9M4566143DT10H20M53.61S"), "year-month-duration": year-month-duration("P148233Y10M"), "day-time-duration": day-time-duration("-P7236357DT2H56M56.164S"), "date-interval": interval-date("-0255-09-06, 4925-05-03"), "time-interval": interval-time("23:10:45.169Z, 01:37:48.736Z"), "datetime-interval": interval-datetime("0534-12-08T08:20:31.487Z, 6778-02-16T22:40:21.653Z") }
+{ "date": date("4619-11-23"), "time": time("14:29:36.786Z"), "datetime": datetime("2749-01-27T17:27:30.020Z"), "duration": duration("-P474133Y7M854630DT4H40M6.45S"), "year-month-duration": year-month-duration("P193989Y3M"), "day-time-duration": day-time-duration("P4477686DT4H49M31.87S"), "date-interval": interval-date("-9537-08-04, 9656-06-03"), "time-interval": interval-time("12:04:45.689Z, 12:41:59.002Z"), "datetime-interval": interval-datetime("-2640-10-11T17:32:15.675Z, 4104-02-01T05:59:11.902Z") }
+{ "date": date("7986-11-25"), "time": time("12:49:39.736Z"), "datetime": datetime("-8337-01-30T15:23:07.598Z"), "duration": duration("-P184484Y7M2241423DT10H42M49.500S"), "year-month-duration": year-month-duration("-P546031Y3M"), "day-time-duration": day-time-duration("P2623386DT10H32M31.983S"), "date-interval": interval-date("-4514-05-24, 3337-08-26"), "time-interval": interval-time("04:16:42.321Z, 02:22:56.816Z"), "datetime-interval": interval-datetime("2129-12-12T13:18:35.758Z, 8647-07-01T13:10:19.691Z") }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/testsuite.xml b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/testsuite.xml
index f609bf4..0f3e005 100644
--- a/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/testsuite.xml
+++ b/asterix-app/src/test/resources/runtimets/testsuite.xml
@@ -2732,6 +2732,16 @@
       </compilation-unit>
     </test-case>
     <test-case FilePath="open-closed">
+      <compilation-unit name="query-issue423">
+        <output-dir compare="Text">query-issue423</output-dir>
+      </compilation-unit>
+    </test-case>
+    <test-case FilePath="open-closed">
+      <compilation-unit name="query-issue423-2">
+        <output-dir compare="Text">query-issue423-2</output-dir>
+      </compilation-unit>
+    </test-case>
+    <test-case FilePath="open-closed">
       <compilation-unit name="query-issue442">
         <output-dir compare="Text">query-issue442</output-dir>
         <expected-error>edu.uci.ics.asterix.common.exceptions.AsterixException</expected-error>
@@ -3523,7 +3533,6 @@
         <output-dir compare="Text">substr01</output-dir>
       </compilation-unit>
     </test-case>
-    <!-- Issue no 219
     <test-case FilePath="string">
       <compilation-unit name="substr04">
         <output-dir compare="Text">substr04</output-dir>
@@ -3534,7 +3543,6 @@
         <output-dir compare="Text">substr05</output-dir>
       </compilation-unit>
     </test-case>
-    -->
     <test-case FilePath="string">
       <compilation-unit name="substr06">
         <output-dir compare="Text">substr06</output-dir>
@@ -4264,6 +4272,11 @@
         <output-dir compare="Text">insert_from_ext_ds</output-dir>
       </compilation-unit>
   	</test-case>
+   <test-case FilePath="temporal">
+    <compilation-unit name="insert_from_ext_ds_2">
+        <output-dir compare="Text">insert_from_ext_ds_2</output-dir>
+      </compilation-unit>
+   </test-case>
   	<test-case FilePath="temporal">
   		<compilation-unit name="interval_functions">
         <output-dir compare="Text">interval_functions</output-dir>
diff --git a/asterix-aql/.gitignore b/asterix-aql/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea8c4bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-aql/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/target
diff --git a/asterix-common/.gitignore b/asterix-common/.gitignore
index ea8c4bf..19f2e00 100644
--- a/asterix-common/.gitignore
+++ b/asterix-common/.gitignore
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 /target
+/target
diff --git a/asterix-common/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/test/aql/TestsUtils.java b/asterix-common/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/test/aql/TestsUtils.java
index 5876e0a..ac8a3bd 100644
--- a/asterix-common/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/test/aql/TestsUtils.java
+++ b/asterix-common/src/test/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/test/aql/TestsUtils.java
@@ -364,3 +364,4 @@
         }
     }
 }
+
diff --git a/asterix-doc/src/site/markdown/AsterixDBDataModel.md b/asterix-doc/src/site/markdown/AsterixDBDataModel.md
index ffefd09..2b3523f 100644
--- a/asterix-doc/src/site/markdown/AsterixDBDataModel.md
+++ b/asterix-doc/src/site/markdown/AsterixDBDataModel.md
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 # Asterix Data Model (ADM) #
 
-# Basic data types #
 
-An instance of Asterix data model (ADM) can be a _primitive type_ (`Int32`, `Int64`, `String`, `Float`, `Double`, `Date`, `Time`, `Datetime`, etc. or `NULL`) or a _derived type_.
+An instance of Asterix data model (ADM) can be a _*primitive type*_ (`Int32`, `Int64`, `String`, `Float`, `Double`, `Date`, `Time`, `Datetime`, etc. or `NULL`) or a _*derived type*_.
 
 ## Primitive Types ##
 
@@ -139,7 +138,7 @@
 
 
 ### Circle ###
-`Circle` consists of one `point` that represents the center of the circle and a radius of type `double`.
+`Circle` consists of one point that represents the center of the circle and a radius of type `Double`.
 
  * Example:
 
diff --git a/asterix-doc/src/site/markdown/AsterixQueryLanguageReference.md b/asterix-doc/src/site/markdown/AsterixQueryLanguageReference.md
index 1ed876e..eddc157 100644
--- a/asterix-doc/src/site/markdown/AsterixQueryLanguageReference.md
+++ b/asterix-doc/src/site/markdown/AsterixQueryLanguageReference.md
@@ -1,14 +1,39 @@
 # The Asterix Query Language, Version 1.0
 ## 1. Introduction
 
-This document provides an overview of the Asterix Query language.
-
+This document is intended as a reference guide to the full syntax
+and semantics of the Asterix Query Language (AQL), the language for talking to AsterixDB.
+This guide covers both the data manipulation language (DML) aspects of AQL, including
+its support for queries and data modification, as well as its data definition language
+(DDL) aspects.
+ New AsterixDB users are encouraged to read and work through the (friendlier) guide
+"AsterixDB 101: An ADM and AQL Primer" before attempting to make use of this document.
+In addition, readers are advised to read and understand the Asterix Data Model (ADM)
+reference guide since a basic understanding of ADM concepts is a prerequisite to understanding AQL.  
+In what follows, we detail the features of the AQL language in a grammar-guided manner:
+We list and briefly explain each of the productions in the AQL grammar, offering 
+examples for clarity in cases where doing so seems needed or helpful.
 
 ## 2. Expressions
 
-    Expression ::= ( OperatorExpr | IfThenElse | FLWOGR | QuantifiedExpression )
+    Expression ::= ( OperatorExpr | IfThenElse | FLWOR | QuantifiedExpression )
 
+AQL is a fully composable expression language.
+Each AQL expression returns zero or more Asterix Data Model (ADM) instances.
+There are four major kinds of expressions in AQL.
+At the topmost level, an AQL expression can be an
+OperatorExpr (similar to a mathematical expression),
+an IfThenElse (to choose between two alternative values),
+a FLWOR expression (the heart of AQL, pronounced "flower expression"),
+or a QuantifiedExpression (which yields a boolean value).
+Each will be detailed as we explore the full AQL grammar.
 
+### Queries
+
+    Query ::= Expression
+
+An AQL query can be any legal AQL expression.
+    
 ### Primary Expressions
 
     PrimaryExpr ::= Literal
@@ -18,7 +43,15 @@
                   | DatasetAccessExpression
                   | ListConstructor
                   | RecordConstructor
-                  
+
+The most basic building block for any AQL expression is the PrimaryExpr.
+This can be a simple literal (constant) value,
+a reference to a query variable that is in scope,
+a parenthesized expression,
+a function call,
+an expression accessing the ADM contents of a dataset,
+a newly constructed list of ADM instances,
+or a newly constructed ADM record.
 
 #### Literals
 
@@ -31,50 +64,88 @@
               | "false"
     StringLiteral ::= <STRING_LITERAL>
 
+Literals (constants) in AQL can be strings, integers, floating point values,
+double values, boolean constants, or the constant value null.
+The null value in AQL has "unknown" or "missing" value semantics, similar to
+(though not identical to) nulls in the relational query language SQL.
+
+The following are some simple examples of AQL literals.
+Since AQL is an expression language, each example is also a complete, legal AQL query (!).
+
 ##### Examples
 
     "a string"
     42
 
-
 #### Variable References
 
     VariableRef ::= <VARIABLE>
 
-##### Example
+A variable in AQL can be bound to any legal ADM value.
+A variable reference refers to the value to which an in-scope variable is bound.
+(E.g., a variable binding may originate from one of the for or let clauses of a
+FLWOR expression or from an input parameter in the context of an AQL function body.)
 
-    $id  
-    
+##### Examples
+
+    $tweet
+    $id
 
 #### Parenthesized Expressions
-    
+
     ParenthesizedExpression ::= "(" Expression ")"
 
+As in most languages, an expression may be parenthesized.
+
+Since AQL is an expression language, the following example expression is
+actually also a complete, legal AQL query whose result is the value 2.
+(As such, you can have Big Fun explaining to your boss how AsterixDB and AQL can turn
+your 1000-node shared-nothing Big Data cluster into a $5M calculator in its spare time.)
+
 ##### Example
 
     ( 1 + 1 )
 
-
 #### Function Calls
 
     FunctionCallExpr ::= FunctionOrTypeName "(" ( Expression ( "," Expression )* )? ")"
 
+Functions are included in AQL, like most languages, as a way to package useful
+functionality or to componentize complicated or reusable AQL computations.
+A function call is a legal AQL query expression that represents the ADM value
+resulting from the evaluation of its body expression with the given parameter
+bindings; the parameter value bindings can themselves be any AQL expressions.
+
+The following example is a (built-in) function call expression whose value is 8.
+
 ##### Example
 
     string-length("a string")
 
-
 #### Dataset Access
 
     DatasetAccessExpression ::= "dataset" ( ( Identifier ( "." Identifier )? )
                               | ( "(" Expression ")" ) )
     Identifier              ::= <IDENTIFIER> | StringLiteral
 
+Querying Big Data is the main point of AsterixDB and AQL.
+Data in AsterixDB reside in datasets (collections of ADM records),
+each of which in turn resides in some namespace known as a dataverse (data universe).
+Data access in a query expression is accomplished via a DatasetAccessExpression.
+Dataset access expressions are most commonly used in FLWOR expressions, where variables
+are bound to their contents.
+
+
+The following are three examples of legal dataset access expressions.
+The first one accesses a dataset called Customers in the dataverse called SalesDV.
+The second one accesses the Customers dataverse in whatever the current dataverse is.
+The third one does the same thing as the second but uses a slightly older AQL syntax.
+
 ##### Examples
 
-    dataset customers
-    dataset (string-join("customers", $country))
-    
+    dataset SalesDV.Customers
+    dataset Customers
+    dataset("Customers")
 
 #### Constructors
 
@@ -84,17 +155,31 @@
     RecordConstructor        ::= "{" ( FieldBinding ( "," FieldBinding )* )? "}"
     FieldBinding             ::= Expression ":" Expression
 
+A major feature of AQL is its ability to construct new ADM data instances.
+This is accomplished using its constructors for each of the major ADM complex object structures,
+namely lists (ordered or unordered) and records.
+Ordered lists are like JSON arrays, while unordered lists have bag (multiset) semantics.
+Records are built from attributes that are field-name/field-value pairs, again like JSON.
+(See the AsterixDB Data Model document for more details on each.)
+
+The following examples illustrate how to construct a new ordered list with 3 items,
+a new unordered list with 4 items, and a new record with 2 fields, respectively.
+List elements can be homogeneous (as in the first example), which is the common case,
+or they may be heterogeneous (as in the second example).
+The data values and field name values used to construct lists and records in constructors are all simply AQL expressions.
+Thus the list elements, field names, and field values used in constructors can be simple literals (as in these three examples)
+or they can come from query variable references or even arbitrarily complex AQL expressions.
+
 ##### Examples
 
     [ "a", "b", "c" ]
-    
-    {{ 42, "forty-two", "AsterixDB!" }}
-    
-    {
-      "project name"    : "AsterixDB"
-      "project members" : {{ "vinayakb", "dtabass", "chenli" }}
-    } 
 
+    {{ 42, "forty-two", "AsterixDB!", 3.14f }}
+
+    {
+      "project name": "AsterixDB"
+      "project members": {{ "vinayakb", "dtabass", "chenli" }}
+    }
 
 ### Path Expressions
 
@@ -102,48 +187,69 @@
     Field     ::= "." Identifier
     Index     ::= "[" ( Expression | "?" ) "]"
 
+Components of complex types in ADM are accessed via path expressions.
+Path access can be applied to the result of an AQL expression that yields an instance of such a type, e.g., a record or list instance.
+For records, path access is based on field names.
+For ordered lists, path access is based on (zero-based) array-style indexing.
+AQL also supports an "I'm feeling lucky" style index accessor, [?], for selecting an arbitrary element from an ordered list.
+Attempts to access non-existent fields or list elements produce a null (i.e., missing information) result as opposed to signaling a runtime error.
+
+The following examples illustrate field access for a record, index-based element access for an ordered list, and also a composition thereof.
+
 ##### Examples
 
-    { "list" : [ "a", "b", "c"] }.list
-    
-    [ "a", "b", "c"][2]
-    
-    { "list" : [ "a", "b", "c"] }.list[2]
+    ({"list": [ "a", "b", "c"]}).list
 
+    (["a", "b", "c"])[2]
+
+    ({ "list": [ "a", "b", "c"]}).list[2]
 
 ### Logical Expressions
 
     OperatorExpr ::= AndExpr ( "or" AndExpr )*
     AndExpr      ::= RelExpr ( "and" RelExpr )*
-    
+
+As in most languages, boolean expressions can be built up from smaller expressions by combining them with the logical connectives and/or.
+Legal boolean values in AQL are true, false, and null.
+(Nulls in AQL are treated much like SQL treats its unknown truth value in boolean expressions.)
+
+The following is an example of a conjuctive range predicate in AQL.
+It will yield true if $a is bound to 4, null if $a is bound to null, and false otherwise.
+
 ##### Example
 
     $a > 3 and $a < 5
-    
 
 ### Comparison Expressions
 
     RelExpr ::= AddExpr ( ( "<" | ">" | "<=" | ">=" | "=" | "!=" | "~=" ) AddExpr )?
-    
+
+AQL has the usual list of suspects, plus one, for comparing pairs of atomic values.
+The "plus one" is the last operator listed above, which is the "roughly equal" operator provided for similarity queries.
+(See the separate document on AsterixDB Similarity Queries for more details on similarity matching.)
+
+An example comparison expression (which yields the boolean value true) is shown below.
+
 ##### Example
 
     5 > 3
 
-
 ### Arithmetic Expressions
 
     AddExpr  ::= MultExpr ( ( "+" | "-" ) MultExpr )*
     MultExpr ::= UnaryExpr ( ( "*" | "/" | "%" | <CARET> | "idiv" ) UnaryExpr )*
     UnaryExpr ::= ( ( "+" | "-" ) )? ValueExpr
 
+AQL also supports the usual cast of characters for arithmetic expressions.
+The example below evaluates to 25.
+
 ##### Example
 
     3 ^ 2 + 4 ^ 2
 
+###  FLWOR Expression
 
-###  FLWOGR Expression   
-    
-    FLWOGR         ::= ( ForClause | LetClause ) ( Clause )* "return" Expression
+    FLWOR         ::= ( ForClause | LetClause ) ( Clause )* "return" Expression
     Clause         ::= ForClause | LetClause | WhereClause | OrderbyClause
                      | GroupClause | LimitClause | DistinctClause
     ForClause      ::= "for" Variable ( "at" Variable )? "in" ( Expression )
@@ -151,19 +257,46 @@
     WhereClause    ::= "where" Expression
     OrderbyClause  ::= "order" "by" Expression ( ( "asc" ) | ( "desc" ) )? 
                        ( "," Expression ( ( "asc" ) | ( "desc" ) )? )*
-    GroupClause    ::= "group" "by" ( Variable ":=" )? Expression ( "," ( Variable ":=" )? Expression )*          
+    GroupClause    ::= "group" "by" ( Variable ":=" )? Expression ( "," ( Variable ":=" )? Expression )*
                        "with" VariableRef ( "," VariableRef )*
     LimitClause    ::= "limit" Expression ( "offset" Expression )?
     DistinctClause ::= "distinct" "by" Expression ( "," Expression )*
     Variable       ::= <VARIABLE>
 
+The heart of AQL is the FLWOR (for-let-where-orderby-return) expression.
+The roots of this expression were borrowed from the expression of the same name in XQuery.
+A FLWOR expression starts with one or more clauses that establish variable bindings.
+A for clause binds a variable incrementally to each element of its associated expression;
+it includes an optional positional variable for counting/numbering the bindings.
+By default no ordering is implied or assumed by a for clause.
+A let clause binds a variable to the collection of elements computed by its associated expression.
+
+Following the initial for or let clause(s), a FLWOR expression may contain an arbitrary sequence of other clauses.
+The where clause in a FLWOR expression filters the preceding bindings via a boolean expression, much like a where clause does in a SQL query.
+The order by clause in a FLWOR expression induces an ordering on the data.
+The group by clause, discussed further below, forms groups based on its group by expressions,
+optionally naming the expressions' values (which together form the grouping key for the expression).
+The with subclause of a group by clause specifies the variable(s) whose values should be grouped based
+on the grouping key(s); following the grouping clause, only the grouping key(s) and the variables named
+in the with subclause remain in scope, and the named grouping variables now contain lists formed from their input values.
+The limit clause caps the number of values returned, optionally starting its result count from a specified offset.
+(Web applications can use this feature for doing pagination.)
+The distinct clause is similar to the group-by clause, but it forms no groups; it serves only to eliminate duplicate values.
+As indicated by the grammar, the clauses in an AQL query can appear in any order.
+To interpret a query, one can think of data as flowing down through the query from the first clause to the return clause.
+
+The following example shows a FLWOR expression that selects and returns one user from the dataset FacebookUsers.
 
 ##### Example
 
     for $user in dataset FacebookUsers
     where $user.id = 8
     return $user
-    
+
+The next example shows a FLWOR expression that joins two datasets, FacebookUsers and FacebookMessages,
+returning user/message pairs.
+The results contain one record per pair, with result records containing the user's name and an entire message.
+
 ##### Example
 
     for $user in dataset FacebookUsers
@@ -173,8 +306,11 @@
       {
         "uname": $user.name,
         "message": $message.message
-      }; 
-    
+      };
+
+In the next example, a let clause is used to bind a variable to all of a user's FacebookMessages.
+The query returns one record per user, with result records containing the user's name and the set of all messages by that user.
+
 ##### Example
 
     for $user in dataset FacebookUsers
@@ -186,15 +322,22 @@
       {
         "uname": $user.name,
         "messages": $messages
-      }; 
-      
+      };
+
+The following example returns all TwitterUsers ordered by their followers count (most followers first) and language.
+Null is treated as being smaller than any other value if nulls are encountered in the ordering key(s).
+
 ##### Example
-      
+
       for $user in dataset TwitterUsers
       order by $user.followers_count desc, $user.lang asc
       return $user
-      
-* null is smaller than any other value
+
+The next example illustrates the use of the group by clause in AQL.
+After the group by clause in the query, only variables that are either in the group by list or in the with list are in scope.
+The variables in the clause's with list will each contain a collection of items following the group by clause;
+the collected items are the values that the source variable was bound to in the tuples that formed the group.
+Null is handled as a single value for grouping.
 
 ##### Example
 
@@ -207,9 +350,7 @@
           "message" : $messages
         }
 
-* after group by only variables that are either in the group-by-list or in the with-list are in scope
-* the variables in the with-clause contain a collection of items after the group by clause  (all the values that the variable was bound to in the tuples that make up the group)
-* null is handled as a single value for grouping
+The use of the limit clause is illustrated in the next example.
 
 ##### Example
 
@@ -218,8 +359,15 @@
       limit 2
       return $user
 
-##### Example (currently not working)
-    
+The final example shows how AQL's distinct by clause works.
+Each variable in scope before the distinct clause is also in scope after the distinct clause.
+This clause works similarly to group by, but for each variable that contains more than
+one value after the distinct by clause, one value is picked nondeterministically.
+(If the variable is in the distinct by list, then its value will be deterministic.)
+Nulls are treated as a single value when they occur in a grouping field.
+
+##### Example
+
       for $x in dataset FacebookMessages
       distinct by $x.sender-location
       return
@@ -228,25 +376,33 @@
           "message" : $x.message
         }
 
-* every variable that is in-scope before the distinct clause is also in scope after the distinct clause
-* works a lot like group by, but for every variable that contains more than one value after the distinct-by clause, one value is picked non-deterministically
-* if the variable is in the disctict-by list, then value is deterministic
-* null is a single value
-    
 ### Conditional Expression
-    
+
     IfThenElse ::= "if" "(" Expression ")" "then" Expression "else" Expression
 
+A conditional expression is useful for choosing between two alternative values based on a
+boolean condition.  If its first (if) expression is true, its second (then) expression's
+value is returned, and otherwise its third (else) expression is returned.
+
+The following example illustrates the form of a conditional expression.
 ##### Example
 
     if (2 < 3) then "yes" else "no"
 
-
 ### Quantified Expressions
-    
-    QuantifiedExpression ::= ( ( "some" ) | ( "every" ) ) Variable "in" Expression 
+
+    QuantifiedExpression ::= ( ( "some" ) | ( "every" ) ) Variable "in" Expression
                              ( "," Variable "in" Expression )* "satisfies" Expression
-                             
+      
+Quantified expressions are used for expressing existential or universal predicates involving the elements of a collection.
+
+The following pair of examples, each of which returns true, illustrate the use of a quantified
+expression to test that every (or some) element in the set [1, 2, 3] of integers is less than three.
+
+It is useful to note that if the set were instead the empty set, the first expression would yield true
+("every" value in an empty set satisfies the condition) while the second expression would yield false
+(since there isn't "some" value, as there are no values in the set, that satisfies the condition).
+
 ##### Examples
 
     every $x in [ 1, 2, 3] satisfies $x < 3
@@ -264,28 +420,45 @@
                       | InsertStatement
                       | DeleteStatement
                       | Query
-    
-### Declarations    
-    
+
+In addition to expresssions for queries, AQL supports a variety of statements for data
+definition and manipulation purposes as well as controlling the context to be used in
+evaluating AQL  expressions.  This section details the statement side of the AQL language.
+
+### Declarations
+ 
     DataverseDeclaration ::= "use" "dataverse" Identifier
-    SetStatement         ::= "set" Identifier StringLiteral
-    FunctionDeclaration  ::= "declare" "function" Identifier ParameterList "{" Expression "}"
-    ParameterList        ::= "(" ( <VARIABLE> ( "," <VARIABLE> )* )? ")"
+
+The world of data in an AsterixDB cluster is organized into data namespaces called dataverses.
+To set the default dataverse for a series of statements, the use dataverse statement is provided.
+
+As an example, the following statement sets the default dataverse to be TinySocial.
 
 ##### Example
 
     use dataverse TinySocial;
-    
+
+    SetStatement         ::= "set" Identifier StringLiteral
+
+The set statement in AQL is used to control aspects of the expression evalation context for queries.
+
+As an example, the following set statements request that Jaccard similarity with a similarity threshold 0.6
+be used for set similarity matching when the ~= operator is used in a query expression.
+
 ##### Example
 
     set simfunction "jaccard";
     set simthreshold "0.6f"; 
 
-##### Example
+    FunctionDeclaration  ::= "declare" "function" Identifier ParameterList "{" Expression "}"
+    ParameterList        ::= "(" ( <VARIABLE> ( "," <VARIABLE> )* )? ")"
 
-    set simfunction "jaccard";    
-    set simthreshold "0.6f"; 
-    
+When writing a complex AQL query, it can sometimes be helpful to define one or more
+auxilliary functions that each address a sub-piece of the overall query.
+The declare function statement supports the creation of such helper functions.
+
+The following is a very simple example of a temporary AQL function definition.
+
 ##### Example
     
     declare function add($a, $b) {
@@ -303,10 +476,20 @@
     QualifiedName       ::= Identifier ( "." Identifier )?
     DoubleQualifiedName ::= Identifier "." Identifier ( "." Identifier )?
 
+The create statement in AQL is used for creating persistent artifacts in the context of dataverses.
+It can be used to create new dataverses, datatypes, datasets, indexes, and user-defined AQL functions.
+
 #### Dataverses
 
     DataverseSpecification ::= "dataverse" Identifier IfNotExists ( "with format" StringLiteral )?
-    
+
+The create dataverse statement is used to create new dataverses.
+To ease the authoring of reusable AQL scripts, its optional IfNotExists clause allows creation
+to be requested either unconditionally or only if the the dataverse does not already exist.
+If this clause is absent, an error will be returned if the specified dataverse already exists.
+The with format clause is a placeholder for future functionality that can safely be ignored.
+
+The following example creates a dataverse named TinySocial.
 
 ##### Example
 
@@ -324,6 +507,20 @@
     OrderedListTypeDef   ::= "[" ( TypeExpr ) "]"
     UnorderedListTypeDef ::= "{{" ( TypeExpr ) "}}"
 
+The create type statement is used to create a new named ADM datatype.
+This type can then be used to create datasets or utilized when defining one or more other ADM datatypes.
+Much more information about the Asterix Data Model (ADM) is available in the data model reference guide to ADM.
+A new type can be a record type, a renaming of another type, an ordered list type, or an unordered list type.
+A record type can be defined as being either open or closed.
+Instances of a closed record type are not permitted to contain fields other than those specified in the create type statement.
+Instances of an open record type may carry additional fields, and open is the default for a new type (if neither option is specified).
+
+The following example creates a new ADM record type called FacebookUser type.
+Since it is closed, its instances will contain only what is specified in the type definition.
+The first four fields are traditional typed name/value pairs.
+The friend-ids field is an unordered list of 32-bit integers.
+The employment field is an ordered list of instances of another named record type, EmploymentType.
+
 ##### Example
 
     create type FacebookUserType as closed {
@@ -335,7 +532,6 @@
       employment: [EmploymentType]
     }
 
-
 #### Datasets
 
     DatasetSpecification ::= "internal"? "dataset" QualifiedName "(" Identifier ")" IfNotExists
@@ -347,14 +543,33 @@
     KeyValuePair         ::= "(" StringLiteral "=" StringLiteral ")"
     Properties           ::= ( "(" Property ( "," Property )* ")" )?
     Property             ::= Identifier "=" ( StringLiteral | <INTEGER_LITERAL> )
-    ApplyFunction        ::= "apply" "function" FunctionSignature
     FunctionSignature    ::= FunctionOrTypeName "@" <INTEGER_LITERAL>
     PrimaryKey           ::= "primary" "key" Identifier ( "," Identifier )*
 
+The create dataset statement is used to create a new dataset.
+Datasets are named, unordered collections of ADM record instances; they
+are where data lives persistently and are the targets for queries in AsterixDB.
+Datasets are typed, and AsterixDB will ensure that their contents conform to their type definitions.
+An Internal dataset (the default) is a dataset that is stored in and managed by AsterixDB.
+It must have a specified unique primary key that can be used to partition data across nodes of an AsterixDB cluster.
+The primary key is also used in secondary indexes to uniquely identify the indexed primary data records.
+An External dataset is stored outside of AsterixDB, e.g., in HDFS or in the local filesystem(s) of the cluster's nodes.
+External dataset support allows AQL queries to treat external data as though it were stored in AsterixDB,
+making it possible to query "legacy" file data (e.g., Hive data) without having to physically import it into AsterixDB.
+For an external dataset, an appropriate adaptor must be selected to handle the nature of the desired external data.
+(See the guide to external data for more information on the available adaptors.)
+
+The following example creates an internal dataset for storing FacefookUserType records.
+It specifies that their id field is their primary key.
 
 ##### Example
     create internal dataset FacebookUsers(FacebookUserType) primary key id;
 
+The next example creates an external dataset for storing LineitemType records.
+The choice of the localfs adaptor means that its data will reside in the local filesystem of the cluster nodes.
+The create statement provides several parameters used by the localfs adaptor;
+e.g., the file format is delimited text with vertical bar being the field delimiter.
+
 ##### Example
 
     create external dataset Lineitem(LineitemType) using localfs (
@@ -369,26 +584,46 @@
     IndexType          ::= "btree"
                          | "rtree"
                          | "keyword"
-                         | "fuzzy keyword"
                          | "ngram" "(" <INTEGER_LITERAL> ")"
-                         | "fuzzy ngram" "(" <INTEGER_LITERAL> ")"
+
+The create index statement creates a secondary index on one or more fields of a specified dataset.
+Supported index types include btree for totally ordered datatypes,
+rtree for spatial data,
+and keyword and ngram for textual (string) data.
+AsterixDB currently requires indexed fields to be part of the named type associated with a dataset.
+(Future plans include support for indexing of open fields as well.)
+
+The following example creates a btree index called fbAuthorIdx on the author-id field of the FacebookMessages dataset.
+This index can be useful for accelerating exact-match queries, range search queries, and joins involving the author-id field.
 
 ##### Example
 
     create index fbAuthorIdx on FacebookMessages(author-id) type btree;
 
+The following example creates an rtree index called fbSenderLocIdx on the sender-location field of the FacebookMessages dataset.
+This index can be useful for accelerating spatial searches involving the sender-loction field.
+
 ##### Example
 
     create index fbSenderLocIndex on FacebookMessages(sender-location) type rtree;
 
+The following example creates a keyword index called fbMessageIdx on the message field of the FacebookMessages dataset.
+This index can be useful for accelerating text searches involving the message field.
+
 ##### Example
 
     create index fbMessageIdx on FacebookMessages(message) type keyword;
 
-
 #### Functions
 
+The create function statement creates a named function that can then be used and reused in AQL queries.
+The body of a function can be any AQL expression involving the function's parameters.
+
     FunctionSpecification ::= "function" FunctionOrTypeName IfNotExists ParameterList "{" Expression "}"
+
+The following is a very simple example of a create function statement.
+It differs from the declare function example shown previously in that it results in a function that is
+persistently registered by name in the specified dataverse.
     
 ##### Example
     
@@ -396,7 +631,6 @@
       $a + $b
     };
     
-
 #### Removal
 
     DropStatement       ::= "drop" ( "dataverse" Identifier IfExists
@@ -405,7 +639,12 @@
                                    | "index" DoubleQualifiedName IfExists
                                    | "function" FunctionSignature IfExists )
     IfExists            ::= ( "if" "exists" )?
-    
+
+The drop statement in AQL is the inverse of the create statement.
+It can be used to drop dataverses, datatypes, datasets, indexes, and functions.
+
+The following examples illustrate uses of the drop statement.
+ 
 ##### Example
 
     drop dataset FacebookUsers if exists;
@@ -425,38 +664,66 @@
 ##### Example
 
     drop function add;
-    
 
 ### Import/Export Statements
 
     LoadStatement  ::= "load" "dataset" QualifiedName "using" AdapterName Configuration ( "pre-sorted" )?
     
+The load statement is used to initially populate a dataset via bulk loading of data from an external file.
+An appropriate adaptor must be selected to handle the nature of the desired external data.
+(See the guide to external data for more information on the available adaptors.)
+
+The following example shows how to bulk load the FacebookUsers dataset from an external file containing
+data that has been prepared in ADM format.
+
 ##### Example
 
     load dataset FacebookUsers using localfs
     (("path"="localhost:///Users/zuck/AsterixDB/load/fbu.adm"),("format"="adm"));
 
-
 ### Modification Statements
 
     InsertStatement ::= "insert" "into" "dataset" QualifiedName Query
-    DeleteStatement ::= "delete" Variable "from" "dataset" QualifiedName ( "where" Expression )?
+
+The AQL insert statement is used to insert data into a dataset.
+The data to be inserted comes from an AQL query expression.
+The expression can be as simple as a constant expression, or in general it can be any legal AQL query.
+Inserts in AsterixDB are processed transactionally, with the scope of each insert transaction
+being the insertion of a single object plus its affiliated secondary index entries (if any).
+If the query part of an insert returns a single object, then the insert statement itself will
+be a single, atomic transaction.
+If the query part returns multiple objects, then each object inserted will be handled independently
+as a tranaction.
+
+The following example illustrates a query-based insertion.
     
 ##### Example
 
     insert into dataset UsersCopy (for $user in dataset FacebookUsers return $user)
 
+    DeleteStatement ::= "delete" Variable "from" "dataset" QualifiedName ( "where" Expression )?
+
+The AQL delete statement is used to delete data from a target dataset.
+The data to be deleted is identified by a boolean expression involving the variable bound to the
+target dataset in the delete statement.
+Deletes in AsterixDB are processed transactionally, with the scope of each delete transaction
+being the deletion of a single object plus its affiliated secondary index entries (if any).
+If the boolean expression for a delete identifies a single object, then the delete statement itself
+will be a single, atomic transaction.
+If the expression identifies multiple objects, then each object deleted will be handled independently
+as a tranaction.
+
+The following example illustrates a single-object deletion.
+
 ##### Example
     
     delete $user from dataset FacebookUsers where $user.id = 8;
-    
 
-### Queries
-
-    Query ::= Expression
+We close this guide to AQL with one final example of a query expression.
     
 ##### Example
     
     for $praise in {{ "great", "brilliant", "awesome" }}
     return
-       string-concat(["AsterixDB is ", $praise])
+       string-concat(["AsterixDB is ", $praise]
+
diff --git a/asterix-events/.gitignore b/asterix-events/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea8c4bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-events/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/target
diff --git a/asterix-installer/.gitignore b/asterix-installer/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19f2e00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-installer/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+/target
+/target
diff --git a/asterix-om/.gitignore b/asterix-om/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea8c4bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-om/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/target
diff --git a/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/dataflow/data/nontagged/comparators/AObjectAscBinaryComparatorFactory.java b/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/dataflow/data/nontagged/comparators/AObjectAscBinaryComparatorFactory.java
index f795b17..a6ac8f2 100644
--- a/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/dataflow/data/nontagged/comparators/AObjectAscBinaryComparatorFactory.java
+++ b/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/dataflow/data/nontagged/comparators/AObjectAscBinaryComparatorFactory.java
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
 
             @Override
             public int compare(byte[] b1, int s1, int l1, byte[] b2, int s2, int l2) {
-
+            	
                 if (b1[s1] == ATypeTag.NULL.serialize()) {
                     if (b2[s2] == ATypeTag.NULL.serialize())
                         return 0;
diff --git a/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/dataflow/data/nontagged/printers/ADatePrinter.java b/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/dataflow/data/nontagged/printers/ADatePrinter.java
index 327faf1..b7df6ff 100644
--- a/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/dataflow/data/nontagged/printers/ADatePrinter.java
+++ b/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/dataflow/data/nontagged/printers/ADatePrinter.java
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 package edu.uci.ics.asterix.dataflow.data.nontagged.printers;
 
+import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.PrintStream;
 
 import edu.uci.ics.asterix.dataflow.data.nontagged.serde.AInt32SerializerDeserializer;
 import edu.uci.ics.asterix.om.base.temporal.GregorianCalendarSystem;
+import edu.uci.ics.asterix.om.base.temporal.GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.common.exceptions.AlgebricksException;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.data.IPrinter;
 
@@ -22,22 +24,22 @@
     public void print(byte[] b, int s, int l, PrintStream ps) throws AlgebricksException {
         long chrononTime = AInt32SerializerDeserializer.getInt(b, s + 1) * CHRONON_OF_DAY;
 
-        int year = gCalInstance.getYear(chrononTime);
-        int month = gCalInstance.getMonthOfYear(chrononTime, year);
-
         ps.print("date(\"");
-        ps.append(String.format(year < 0 ? "%05d" : "%04d", year)).append("-").append(String.format("%02d", month))
-                .append("-").append(String.format("%02d", gCalInstance.getDayOfMonthYear(chrononTime, year, month)));
+        try {
+            gCalInstance.getExtendStringRepUntilField(chrononTime, 0, ps, Fields.YEAR, Fields.DAY, false);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new AlgebricksException(e);
+        }
         ps.print("\")");
     }
 
     public void printString(byte[] b, int s, int l, PrintStream ps) throws AlgebricksException {
         long chrononTime = AInt32SerializerDeserializer.getInt(b, s + 1) * CHRONON_OF_DAY;
 
-        int year = gCalInstance.getYear(chrononTime);
-        int month = gCalInstance.getMonthOfYear(chrononTime, year);
-
-        ps.append(String.format(year < 0 ? "%05d" : "%04d", year)).append("-").append(String.format("%02d", month))
-                .append("-").append(String.format("%02d", gCalInstance.getDayOfMonthYear(chrononTime, year, month)));
+        try {
+            gCalInstance.getExtendStringRepUntilField(chrononTime, 0, ps, Fields.YEAR, Fields.DAY, false);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new AlgebricksException(e);
+        }
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/dataflow/data/nontagged/printers/ADateTimePrinter.java b/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/dataflow/data/nontagged/printers/ADateTimePrinter.java
index 7cf1478..a412cb1 100644
--- a/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/dataflow/data/nontagged/printers/ADateTimePrinter.java
+++ b/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/dataflow/data/nontagged/printers/ADateTimePrinter.java
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 package edu.uci.ics.asterix.dataflow.data.nontagged.printers;
 
+import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.PrintStream;
 
 import edu.uci.ics.asterix.dataflow.data.nontagged.serde.AInt64SerializerDeserializer;
 import edu.uci.ics.asterix.om.base.temporal.GregorianCalendarSystem;
+import edu.uci.ics.asterix.om.base.temporal.GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.common.exceptions.AlgebricksException;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.data.IPrinter;
 
@@ -21,30 +23,25 @@
     public void print(byte[] b, int s, int l, PrintStream ps) throws AlgebricksException {
         long chrononTime = AInt64SerializerDeserializer.getLong(b, s + 1);
 
-        int year = gCalInstance.getYear(chrononTime);
-        int month = gCalInstance.getMonthOfYear(chrononTime, year);
-
         ps.print("datetime(\"");
-        ps.append(String.format(year < 0 ? "%05d" : "%04d", year)).append("-").append(String.format("%02d", month))
-                .append("-").append(String.format("%02d", gCalInstance.getDayOfMonthYear(chrononTime, year, month)))
-                .append("T").append(String.format("%02d", gCalInstance.getHourOfDay(chrononTime))).append(":")
-                .append(String.format("%02d", gCalInstance.getMinOfHour(chrononTime))).append(":")
-                .append(String.format("%02d", gCalInstance.getSecOfMin(chrononTime))).append(".")
-                .append(String.format("%03d", gCalInstance.getMillisOfSec(chrononTime))).append("Z");
+
+        try {
+            gCalInstance.getExtendStringRepUntilField(chrononTime, 0, ps, Fields.YEAR, Fields.MILLISECOND, true);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new AlgebricksException(e);
+        }
+
         ps.print("\")");
     }
 
     public void printString(byte[] b, int s, int l, PrintStream ps) throws AlgebricksException {
         long chrononTime = AInt64SerializerDeserializer.getLong(b, s + 1);
 
-        int year = gCalInstance.getYear(chrononTime);
-        int month = gCalInstance.getMonthOfYear(chrononTime, year);
-
-        ps.append(String.format(year < 0 ? "%05d" : "%04d", year)).append("-").append(String.format("%02d", month))
-                .append("-").append(String.format("%02d", gCalInstance.getDayOfMonthYear(chrononTime, year, month)))
-                .append("T").append(String.format("%02d", gCalInstance.getHourOfDay(chrononTime))).append(":")
-                .append(String.format("%02d", gCalInstance.getMinOfHour(chrononTime))).append(":")
-                .append(String.format("%02d", gCalInstance.getSecOfMin(chrononTime))).append(".")
-                .append(String.format("%03d", gCalInstance.getMillisOfSec(chrononTime))).append("Z");
+        try {
+            gCalInstance.getExtendStringRepUntilField(chrononTime, 0, ps, Fields.YEAR, Fields.MILLISECOND, true);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new AlgebricksException(e);
+        }
+        
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/dataflow/data/nontagged/printers/ATimePrinter.java b/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/dataflow/data/nontagged/printers/ATimePrinter.java
index aba6a4b..6550906 100644
--- a/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/dataflow/data/nontagged/printers/ATimePrinter.java
+++ b/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/dataflow/data/nontagged/printers/ATimePrinter.java
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 package edu.uci.ics.asterix.dataflow.data.nontagged.printers;
 
+import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.PrintStream;
 
 import edu.uci.ics.asterix.dataflow.data.nontagged.serde.AInt32SerializerDeserializer;
 import edu.uci.ics.asterix.om.base.temporal.GregorianCalendarSystem;
+import edu.uci.ics.asterix.om.base.temporal.GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.common.exceptions.AlgebricksException;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.data.IPrinter;
 
@@ -22,21 +24,24 @@
         int time = AInt32SerializerDeserializer.getInt(b, s + 1);
 
         ps.print("time(\"");
-        ps.append(String.format("%02d", gCalInstance.getHourOfDay(time))).append(":")
-                .append(String.format("%02d", gCalInstance.getMinOfHour(time))).append(":")
-                .append(String.format("%02d", gCalInstance.getSecOfMin(time))).append(".")
-                .append(String.format("%03d", gCalInstance.getMillisOfSec(time))).append("Z");
+
+        try {
+            gCalInstance.getExtendStringRepUntilField(time, 0, ps, Fields.HOUR, Fields.MILLISECOND, true);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new AlgebricksException(e);
+        }
 
         ps.print("\")");
     }
-    
+
     public void printString(byte[] b, int s, int l, PrintStream ps) throws AlgebricksException {
         int time = AInt32SerializerDeserializer.getInt(b, s + 1);
 
-        ps.append(String.format("%02d", gCalInstance.getHourOfDay(time))).append(":")
-                .append(String.format("%02d", gCalInstance.getMinOfHour(time))).append(":")
-                .append(String.format("%02d", gCalInstance.getSecOfMin(time))).append(".")
-                .append(String.format("%03d", gCalInstance.getMillisOfSec(time))).append("Z");
+        try {
+            gCalInstance.getExtendStringRepUntilField(time, 0, ps, Fields.HOUR, Fields.MILLISECOND, true);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new AlgebricksException(e);
+        }
     }
 
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/formats/base/IDataFormat.java b/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/formats/base/IDataFormat.java
index 11f65dc..51e0413 100644
--- a/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/formats/base/IDataFormat.java
+++ b/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/formats/base/IDataFormat.java
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.data.ITypeTraitProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.runtime.base.ICopyEvaluatorFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.INullWriterFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.IPredicateEvaluatorFactoryProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.std.file.ITupleParserFactory;
 
 public interface IDataFormat {
@@ -68,4 +69,6 @@
     public INormalizedKeyComputerFactoryProvider getNormalizedKeyComputerFactoryProvider();
 
     public IBinaryHashFunctionFamilyProvider getBinaryHashFunctionFamilyProvider();
+    
+    public IPredicateEvaluatorFactoryProvider getPredicateEvaluatorFactoryProvider();
 }
diff --git a/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/formats/nontagged/AqlPredicateEvaluatorFactoryProvider.java b/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/formats/nontagged/AqlPredicateEvaluatorFactoryProvider.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4fa74e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/formats/nontagged/AqlPredicateEvaluatorFactoryProvider.java
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2009-2013 by The Regents of the University of California
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * you may obtain a copy of the License from
+ * 
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package edu.uci.ics.asterix.formats.nontagged;
+
+import edu.uci.ics.asterix.om.types.ATypeTag;
+import edu.uci.ics.asterix.om.types.EnumDeserializer;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.comm.IFrameTupleAccessor;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.IPredicateEvaluator;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.IPredicateEvaluatorFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.IPredicateEvaluatorFactoryProvider;
+
+/*
+Provides PredicateEvaluator for equi-join cases to properly take care of NULL fields, being compared with each other.
+If any of the join keys, from either side, is NULL, record should not pass equi-join condition.
+*/
+public class AqlPredicateEvaluatorFactoryProvider implements IPredicateEvaluatorFactoryProvider{
+	
+	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+	public static final AqlPredicateEvaluatorFactoryProvider INSTANCE = new AqlPredicateEvaluatorFactoryProvider();
+	
+	@Override
+	public IPredicateEvaluatorFactory getPredicateEvaluatorFactory(final int[] keys0, final int[] keys1) {
+		
+		return new IPredicateEvaluatorFactory() {
+			private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+			@Override
+			public IPredicateEvaluator createPredicateEvaluator() {
+				return new IPredicateEvaluator() {
+					
+					@Override
+					public boolean evaluate(IFrameTupleAccessor fta0, int tupId0,
+							IFrameTupleAccessor fta1, int tupId1) {
+						
+						int tStart0 = fta0.getTupleStartOffset(tupId0);
+				        int fStartOffset0 = fta0.getFieldSlotsLength() + tStart0;
+						
+						for(int k0 : keys0){
+							int fieldStartIx = fta0.getFieldStartOffset(tupId0, k0);
+							ATypeTag typeTag = EnumDeserializer.ATYPETAGDESERIALIZER.deserialize(fta0.getBuffer().array()[fieldStartIx + fStartOffset0]);
+							if(typeTag == ATypeTag.NULL){
+								return false;
+							}
+						}
+						
+						int tStart1 = fta1.getTupleStartOffset(tupId1);
+				        int fStartOffset1 = fta1.getFieldSlotsLength() + tStart1;
+				        
+						for(int k1 : keys1){
+							int fieldStartIx = fta1.getFieldStartOffset(tupId1, k1);
+							ATypeTag typeTag = EnumDeserializer.ATYPETAGDESERIALIZER.deserialize(fta1.getBuffer().array()[fieldStartIx + fStartOffset1]);
+							if(typeTag == ATypeTag.NULL){
+								return false;
+							}
+						}
+						
+						return true;	//none of the fields (from both sides) is NULL
+					}
+				};
+			}
+		};
+	}
+
+}
diff --git a/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/om/base/ADate.java b/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/om/base/ADate.java
index 0ef170e..28008b2 100644
--- a/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/om/base/ADate.java
+++ b/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/om/base/ADate.java
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
  */
 package edu.uci.ics.asterix.om.base;
 
+import java.io.IOException;
+
 import org.json.JSONException;
 import org.json.JSONObject;
 
@@ -75,9 +77,12 @@
     public String toString() {
         StringBuilder sbder = new StringBuilder();
         sbder.append("ADate: { ");
-        GregorianCalendarSystem.getInstance().getExtendStringRepWithTimezoneUntilField(
-                chrononTimeInDay * CHRONON_OF_DAY, 0, sbder, GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields.YEAR,
-                GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields.DAY);
+        try {
+            GregorianCalendarSystem.getInstance().getExtendStringRepUntilField(chrononTimeInDay * CHRONON_OF_DAY, 0,
+                    sbder, GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields.YEAR, GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields.DAY, false);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
         sbder.append(" }");
         return sbder.toString();
     }
diff --git a/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/om/base/ADateTime.java b/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/om/base/ADateTime.java
index 081fa63..10d49aa 100644
--- a/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/om/base/ADateTime.java
+++ b/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/om/base/ADateTime.java
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
  */
 package edu.uci.ics.asterix.om.base;
 
+import java.io.IOException;
+
 import org.json.JSONException;
 import org.json.JSONObject;
 
@@ -106,8 +108,12 @@
     public String toString() {
         StringBuilder sbder = new StringBuilder();
         sbder.append("ADateTime: { ");
-        GregorianCalendarSystem.getInstance().getExtendStringRepWithTimezoneUntilField(chrononTime, 0, sbder,
-                GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields.YEAR, GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields.MILLISECOND);
+        try {
+            GregorianCalendarSystem.getInstance().getExtendStringRepUntilField(chrononTime, 0, sbder,
+                    GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields.YEAR, GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields.MILLISECOND, true);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
         sbder.append(" }");
         return sbder.toString();
     }
diff --git a/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/om/base/AInterval.java b/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/om/base/AInterval.java
index f1352f1..e3c5213 100644
--- a/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/om/base/AInterval.java
+++ b/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/om/base/AInterval.java
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
  */
 package edu.uci.ics.asterix.om.base;
 
+import java.io.IOException;
+
 import org.json.JSONException;
 import org.json.JSONObject;
 
@@ -100,33 +102,38 @@
     public String toString() {
         StringBuilder sbder = new StringBuilder();
         sbder.append("AInterval: { ");
-        if (typetag == ATypeTag.DATE.serialize()) {
-            sbder.append("ADate: { ");
-            GregorianCalendarSystem.getInstance().getExtendStringRepWithTimezoneUntilField(
-                    intervalStart * ADate.CHRONON_OF_DAY, 0, sbder, GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields.YEAR,
-                    GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields.DAY);
-            sbder.append(" }, ADate: {");
-            GregorianCalendarSystem.getInstance().getExtendStringRepWithTimezoneUntilField(
-                    intervalEnd * ADate.CHRONON_OF_DAY, 0, sbder, GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields.YEAR,
-                    GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields.DAY);
-            sbder.append(" }");
-        } else if (typetag == ATypeTag.TIME.serialize()) {
-            sbder.append("ATime: { ");
-            GregorianCalendarSystem.getInstance().getExtendStringRepWithTimezoneUntilField(intervalStart, 0, sbder,
-                    GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields.HOUR, GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields.MILLISECOND);
-            sbder.append(" }, ATime: { ");
+        try {
+            if (typetag == ATypeTag.DATE.serialize()) {
+                sbder.append("ADate: { ");
 
-            GregorianCalendarSystem.getInstance().getExtendStringRepWithTimezoneUntilField(intervalEnd, 0, sbder,
-                    GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields.HOUR, GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields.MILLISECOND);
-            sbder.append(" }");
-        } else if (typetag == ATypeTag.DATETIME.serialize()) {
-            sbder.append("ADateTime: { ");
-            GregorianCalendarSystem.getInstance().getExtendStringRepWithTimezoneUntilField(intervalStart, 0, sbder,
-                    GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields.YEAR, GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields.MILLISECOND);
-            sbder.append(" }, ADateTime: { ");
-            GregorianCalendarSystem.getInstance().getExtendStringRepWithTimezoneUntilField(intervalEnd, 0, sbder,
-                    GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields.YEAR, GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields.MILLISECOND);
-            sbder.append(" }");
+                GregorianCalendarSystem.getInstance().getExtendStringRepUntilField(
+                        intervalStart * ADate.CHRONON_OF_DAY, 0, sbder, GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields.YEAR,
+                        GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields.DAY, false);
+
+                sbder.append(" }, ADate: {");
+                GregorianCalendarSystem.getInstance().getExtendStringRepUntilField(intervalEnd * ADate.CHRONON_OF_DAY,
+                        0, sbder, GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields.YEAR, GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields.DAY, false);
+                sbder.append(" }");
+            } else if (typetag == ATypeTag.TIME.serialize()) {
+                sbder.append("ATime: { ");
+                GregorianCalendarSystem.getInstance().getExtendStringRepUntilField(intervalStart, 0, sbder,
+                        GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields.HOUR, GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields.MILLISECOND, true);
+                sbder.append(" }, ATime: { ");
+
+                GregorianCalendarSystem.getInstance().getExtendStringRepUntilField(intervalEnd, 0, sbder,
+                        GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields.HOUR, GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields.MILLISECOND, true);
+                sbder.append(" }");
+            } else if (typetag == ATypeTag.DATETIME.serialize()) {
+                sbder.append("ADateTime: { ");
+                GregorianCalendarSystem.getInstance().getExtendStringRepUntilField(intervalStart, 0, sbder,
+                        GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields.YEAR, GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields.MILLISECOND, true);
+                sbder.append(" }, ADateTime: { ");
+                GregorianCalendarSystem.getInstance().getExtendStringRepUntilField(intervalEnd, 0, sbder,
+                        GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields.YEAR, GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields.MILLISECOND, true);
+                sbder.append(" }");
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
         }
         sbder.append(" }");
         return sbder.toString();
diff --git a/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/om/base/ATime.java b/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/om/base/ATime.java
index b97ed51..edbf007 100644
--- a/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/om/base/ATime.java
+++ b/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/om/base/ATime.java
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
  */
 package edu.uci.ics.asterix.om.base;
 
+import java.io.IOException;
+
 import org.json.JSONException;
 import org.json.JSONObject;
 
@@ -90,8 +92,12 @@
     public String toString() {
         StringBuilder sbder = new StringBuilder();
         sbder.append("ATime: { ");
-        GregorianCalendarSystem.getInstance().getExtendStringRepWithTimezoneUntilField(chrononTime, 0, sbder,
-                GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields.HOUR, GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields.MILLISECOND);
+        try {
+            GregorianCalendarSystem.getInstance().getExtendStringRepUntilField(chrononTime, 0, sbder,
+                    GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields.HOUR, GregorianCalendarSystem.Fields.MILLISECOND, true);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
         sbder.append(" }");
         return sbder.toString();
 
diff --git a/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/om/base/temporal/ADurationParserFactory.java b/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/om/base/temporal/ADurationParserFactory.java
index 84e2386..a651716 100644
--- a/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/om/base/temporal/ADurationParserFactory.java
+++ b/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/om/base/temporal/ADurationParserFactory.java
@@ -248,18 +248,30 @@
             throw new HyracksDataException(durationErrorMessage + ": no time fields after time separator.");
         }
 
+        int totalMonths = sign * (year * 12 + month);
+        long totalMilliseconds = sign
+                * (day * GregorianCalendarSystem.CHRONON_OF_DAY + hour * GregorianCalendarSystem.CHRONON_OF_HOUR
+                        + minute * GregorianCalendarSystem.CHRONON_OF_MINUTE + second
+                        * GregorianCalendarSystem.CHRONON_OF_SECOND + millisecond);
+
+        if (sign > 0) {
+            if (totalMonths < 0) {
+                throw new HyracksDataException(durationErrorMessage
+                        + ": total number of months is beyond its max value (-2147483647 to 2147483647).");
+            }
+            if (totalMilliseconds < 0) {
+                throw new HyracksDataException(
+                        durationErrorMessage
+                                + ": total number of milliseconds is beyond its max value (-9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807).");
+            }
+        }
+
         if (mutableObject instanceof AMutableDuration) {
-            ((AMutableDuration) mutableObject)
-                    .setValue(sign * (year * 12 + month),
-                            sign
-                                    * (day * 24 * 3600 * 1000L + 3600 * 1000L * hour + 60 * minute * 1000L + second
-                                            * 1000L + millisecond));
+            ((AMutableDuration) mutableObject).setValue(totalMonths, totalMilliseconds);
         } else if (mutableObject instanceof AMutableYearMonthDuration) {
-            ((AMutableYearMonthDuration) mutableObject).setMonths(sign * (year * 12 + month));
+            ((AMutableYearMonthDuration) mutableObject).setMonths(totalMonths);
         } else if (mutableObject instanceof AMutableDayTimeDuration) {
-            ((AMutableDayTimeDuration) mutableObject)
-                    .setMilliseconds(sign
-                            * (day * 24 * 3600 * 1000L + 3600 * 1000L * hour + 60 * minute * 1000L + second * 1000L + millisecond));
+            ((AMutableDayTimeDuration) mutableObject).setMilliseconds(totalMilliseconds);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/om/base/temporal/GregorianCalendarSystem.java b/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/om/base/temporal/GregorianCalendarSystem.java
index f74af9b..8c21bad 100644
--- a/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/om/base/temporal/GregorianCalendarSystem.java
+++ b/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/om/base/temporal/GregorianCalendarSystem.java
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@
  */
 package edu.uci.ics.asterix.om.base.temporal;
 
+import java.io.IOException;
+
 /**
  * A simple implementation of the Gregorian calendar system.
  * <p/>
@@ -53,9 +55,9 @@
 
     public static final int[] DAYS_SINCE_MONTH_BEGIN_ORDI = { 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334 };
 
-    public static final int CHRONON_OF_SECOND = 1000;
-    public static final int CHRONON_OF_MINUTE = 60 * CHRONON_OF_SECOND;
-    public static final int CHRONON_OF_HOUR = 60 * CHRONON_OF_MINUTE;
+    public static final long CHRONON_OF_SECOND = 1000;
+    public static final long CHRONON_OF_MINUTE = 60 * CHRONON_OF_SECOND;
+    public static final long CHRONON_OF_HOUR = 60 * CHRONON_OF_MINUTE;
     public static final long CHRONON_OF_DAY = 24 * CHRONON_OF_HOUR;
     public static final int MONTHS_IN_A_YEAR = 12;
 
@@ -234,9 +236,9 @@
      */
     public int getChronon(int hour, int min, int sec, int millis, int timezone) {
         // Added milliseconds for all fields but month and day
-        int chrononTime = (hour - timezone / 4) * CHRONON_OF_HOUR + (min - (timezone % 4) * 15) * CHRONON_OF_MINUTE
+        long chrononTime = (hour - timezone / 4) * CHRONON_OF_HOUR + (min - (timezone % 4) * 15) * CHRONON_OF_MINUTE
                 + sec * CHRONON_OF_SECOND + millis;
-        return chrononTime;
+        return (int)chrononTime;
     }
 
     public long adjustChrononByTimezone(long chronon, int timezone) {
@@ -268,8 +270,8 @@
      * @param sbder
      * @param untilField
      */
-    public void getExtendStringRepWithTimezoneUntilField(long chrononTime, int timezone, StringBuilder sbder,
-            Fields startField, Fields untilField) {
+    public void getExtendStringRepUntilField(long chrononTime, int timezone, Appendable sbder, Fields startField,
+            Fields untilField, boolean withTimezone) throws IOException {
 
         int year = getYear(chrononTime);
         int month = getMonthOfYear(chrononTime, year);
@@ -323,16 +325,18 @@
                 break;
         }
 
-        if (timezone == 0) {
-            sbder.append("Z");
-        } else {
-            short tzMin = (short) ((timezone % 4) * 15);
-            if (tzMin < 0) {
-                tzMin = (short) (-1 * tzMin);
+        if (withTimezone) {
+            if (timezone == 0) {
+                sbder.append("Z");
+            } else {
+                short tzMin = (short) ((timezone % 4) * 15);
+                if (tzMin < 0) {
+                    tzMin = (short) (-1 * tzMin);
+                }
+                short tzHr = (short) (timezone / 4);
+                sbder.append((tzHr >= 0 ? "+" : "-")).append(String.format("%02d", (tzHr < 0 ? -tzHr : tzHr)))
+                        .append(":").append(String.format("%02d", tzMin));
             }
-            short tzHr = (short) (timezone / 4);
-            sbder.append((tzHr >= 0 ? "+" : "-")).append(String.format("%02d", (tzHr < 0 ? -tzHr : tzHr))).append(":")
-                    .append(String.format("%02d", tzMin));
         }
     }
 
@@ -343,8 +347,8 @@
      * @param timezone
      * @param sbder
      */
-    public void getBasicStringRepWithTimezoneUntilField(long chrononTime, int timezone, StringBuilder sbder,
-            Fields startField, Fields untilField) {
+    public void getBasicStringRepUntilField(long chrononTime, int timezone, Appendable sbder, Fields startField,
+            Fields untilField, boolean withTimezone) throws IOException {
         int year = getYear(chrononTime);
         int month = getMonthOfYear(chrononTime, year);
 
@@ -382,16 +386,18 @@
                 break;
         }
 
-        if (timezone == 0) {
-            sbder.append("Z");
-        } else {
-            short tzMin = (short) ((timezone % 4) * 15);
-            if (tzMin < 0) {
-                tzMin = (short) (-1 * tzMin);
+        if (withTimezone) {
+            if (timezone == 0) {
+                sbder.append("Z");
+            } else {
+                short tzMin = (short) ((timezone % 4) * 15);
+                if (tzMin < 0) {
+                    tzMin = (short) (-1 * tzMin);
+                }
+                short tzHr = (short) (timezone / 4);
+                sbder.append((tzHr >= 0 ? "+" : "-")).append(String.format("%02d", (tzHr < 0 ? -tzHr : tzHr)))
+                        .append(String.format("%02d", tzMin));
             }
-            short tzHr = (short) (timezone / 4);
-            sbder.append((tzHr >= 0 ? "+" : "-")).append(String.format("%02d", (tzHr < 0 ? -tzHr : tzHr)))
-                    .append(String.format("%02d", tzMin));
         }
     }
 
@@ -480,8 +486,7 @@
      * Get the year for the given chronon time.
      * <p/>
      * This code is directly from the Joda library BadicChronology.java.<br/>
-     * The original authers are Stephen Colebourne, Brain S O'Neill and Guy Allard, and modified by JArod Wen on May
-     * 7th, 2012.
+     * The original authers are Stephen Colebourne, Brain S O'Neill and Guy Allard, and modified by JArod Wen on May 7th, 2012.
      * 
      * @param chrononTime
      * @return
@@ -528,8 +533,7 @@
      * Get the month of the year for the given chronon time and the year.
      * <p/>
      * This code is directly from the Joda library BasicGJChronology.java.<br/>
-     * The original authers are Stephen Colebourne, Brain S O'Neill and Guy Allard, and modified by JArod Wen on May
-     * 7th, 2012 and commented by Theodoros Ioannou on July 2012.
+     * The original authers are Stephen Colebourne, Brain S O'Neill and Guy Allard, and modified by JArod Wen on May 7th, 2012 and commented by Theodoros Ioannou on July 2012.
      * <p/>
      * 
      * @param millis
@@ -593,8 +597,7 @@
      * Get the day of the given month and year for the input chronon time.
      * <p/>
      * This function is directly from Joda Library BasicChronology.java.<br/>
-     * The original authers are Stephen Colebourne, Brain S O'Neill and Guy Allard, and modified by JArod Wen on May
-     * 7th, 2012.
+     * The original authers are Stephen Colebourne, Brain S O'Neill and Guy Allard, and modified by JArod Wen on May 7th, 2012.
      * <p/>
      * 
      * @param millis
diff --git a/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/om/types/ARecordType.java b/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/om/types/ARecordType.java
index 037cd29..7d20886 100644
--- a/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/om/types/ARecordType.java
+++ b/asterix-om/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/om/types/ARecordType.java
@@ -254,6 +254,8 @@
                 throw new AlgebricksException("A field with this name  \"" + fieldName + "\" could not be found.");
             }
             switch (fieldType.getTypeTag()) {
+                case INT8:
+                case INT16:
                 case INT32:
                 case INT64:
                 case FLOAT:
@@ -305,6 +307,8 @@
                         case TIME:
                         case DATETIME:
                         case UNION:
+                        case YEARMONTHDURATION:
+                        case DAYTIMEDURATION:
                             break;
                         default:
                             throw new AlgebricksException("The field \"" + fieldName + "\" which is of type "
diff --git a/asterix-runtime/.gitignore b/asterix-runtime/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea8c4bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-runtime/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/target
diff --git a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/AbstractQuadStringStringEval.java b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/AbstractQuadStringStringEval.java
index ce9ecd2..2bd874f 100644
--- a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/AbstractQuadStringStringEval.java
+++ b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/AbstractQuadStringStringEval.java
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 
 import java.io.DataOutput;
 import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 
 import edu.uci.ics.asterix.formats.nontagged.AqlSerializerDeserializerProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.asterix.om.base.AMutableString;
@@ -24,9 +23,6 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.data.std.util.ArrayBackedValueStorage;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.common.data.accessors.IFrameTupleReference;
 
-/**
- * @author ilovesoup
- */
 public abstract class AbstractQuadStringStringEval implements ICopyEvaluator {
 
     private DataOutput dout;
@@ -138,7 +134,7 @@
             } else if (c == '_') {
                 sb.append(".");
             } else {
-                if (Arrays.binarySearch(reservedRegexChars, c) >= 0) {
+                if (Arrays.binarySearch(StringEvaluatorUtils.reservedRegexChars, c) >= 0) {
                     sb.append('\\');
                 }
                 sb.append(c);
@@ -147,33 +143,4 @@
         return sb.toString();
     }
 
-    protected int toFlag(AString pattern) {
-        String str = pattern.getStringValue();
-        int flag = 0;
-        for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
-            char c = str.charAt(i);
-            switch (c) {
-                case 's':
-                    flag |= Pattern.DOTALL;
-                    break;
-                case 'm':
-                    flag |= Pattern.MULTILINE;
-                    break;
-                case 'i':
-                    flag |= Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE;
-                    break;
-                case 'x':
-                    flag |= Pattern.COMMENTS;
-                    break;
-            }
-        }
-        return flag;
-    }
-
-    private final static char[] reservedRegexChars = new char[] { '\\', '(', ')', '[', ']', '{', '}', '.', '^', '$',
-            '*', '|' };
-
-    static {
-        Arrays.sort(reservedRegexChars);
-    }
 }
diff --git a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/AbstractTripleStringBoolEval.java b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/AbstractTripleStringBoolEval.java
index a3be797..7d0a01f 100644
--- a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/AbstractTripleStringBoolEval.java
+++ b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/AbstractTripleStringBoolEval.java
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 import java.io.DataOutput;
 import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 
 import edu.uci.ics.asterix.formats.nontagged.AqlSerializerDeserializerProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.asterix.om.base.ABoolean;
@@ -19,9 +18,6 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.data.std.util.ArrayBackedValueStorage;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.common.data.accessors.IFrameTupleReference;
 
-/**
- * @author Xiaoyu Ma
- */
 public abstract class AbstractTripleStringBoolEval implements ICopyEvaluator {
 
     private DataOutput dout;
@@ -118,7 +114,7 @@
             } else if (c == '_') {
                 sb.append(".");
             } else {
-                if (Arrays.binarySearch(reservedRegexChars, c) >= 0) {
+                if (Arrays.binarySearch(StringEvaluatorUtils.reservedRegexChars, c) >= 0) {
                     sb.append('\\');
                 }
                 sb.append(c);
@@ -126,34 +122,4 @@
         }
         return sb.toString();
     }
-
-    protected int toFlag(AString pattern) {
-        String str = pattern.getStringValue();
-        int flag = 0;
-        for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
-            char c = str.charAt(i);
-            switch (c) {
-                case 's':
-                    flag |= Pattern.DOTALL;
-                    break;
-                case 'm':
-                    flag |= Pattern.MULTILINE;
-                    break;
-                case 'i':
-                    flag |= Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE;
-                    break;
-                case 'x':
-                    flag |= Pattern.COMMENTS;
-                    break;
-            }
-        }
-        return flag;
-    }
-
-    private final static char[] reservedRegexChars = new char[] { '\\', '(', ')', '[', ']', '{', '}', '.', '^', '$',
-            '*', '|' };
-
-    static {
-        Arrays.sort(reservedRegexChars);
-    }
 }
diff --git a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/AbstractTripleStringStringEval.java b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/AbstractTripleStringStringEval.java
index 41d0b3d..4833f16 100644
--- a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/AbstractTripleStringStringEval.java
+++ b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/AbstractTripleStringStringEval.java
@@ -20,9 +20,6 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.data.std.util.ArrayBackedValueStorage;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.common.data.accessors.IFrameTupleReference;
 
-/**
- * @author Xiaoyu Ma
- */
 public abstract class AbstractTripleStringStringEval implements ICopyEvaluator {
 
     private DataOutput dout;
diff --git a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/CodePointToStringDescriptor.java b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/CodePointToStringDescriptor.java
index 1a3e1b8..14651fe 100644
--- a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/CodePointToStringDescriptor.java
+++ b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/CodePointToStringDescriptor.java
@@ -21,9 +21,6 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.common.data.accessors.IFrameTupleReference;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.common.data.util.StringUtils;
 
-/**
- * @author Xiaoyu Ma
- */
 public class CodePointToStringDescriptor extends AbstractScalarFunctionDynamicDescriptor {
 
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
diff --git a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/CodepointIterator.java b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/CodepointIterator.java
index f103e0f..1365277 100644
--- a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/CodepointIterator.java
+++ b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/CodepointIterator.java
@@ -2,10 +2,6 @@
 
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.data.std.primitive.UTF8StringPointable;
 
-/**
- *
- * @author Xiaoyu Ma
- */
 public class CodepointIterator {
     public void reset(byte [] buf, int startPos) {
         this.buf = buf;
diff --git a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/NumericAddDescriptor.java b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/NumericAddDescriptor.java
index 0181698..10aea29 100644
--- a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/NumericAddDescriptor.java
+++ b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/NumericAddDescriptor.java
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
             if (y > 0 && z < 0)
                 throw new ArithmeticException("Overflow adding " + x + " + " + y);
         } else if (y < 0 && z > 0)
-            throw new ArithmeticException("Overflow adding " + x + " + " + y);
+            throw new ArithmeticException("Underflow adding " + x + " + " + y);
         return z;
     }
 
diff --git a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringConcatDescriptor.java b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringConcatDescriptor.java
index bcd199c..5ffcb29 100644
--- a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringConcatDescriptor.java
+++ b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringConcatDescriptor.java
@@ -25,9 +25,6 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.common.data.accessors.IFrameTupleReference;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.common.data.util.StringUtils;
 
-/**
- * @author Xiaoyu Ma
- */
 public class StringConcatDescriptor extends AbstractScalarFunctionDynamicDescriptor {
 
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
diff --git a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringEndWithDescrtiptor.java b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringEndWithDescrtiptor.java
index 6d0eaad..3e08fa3 100644
--- a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringEndWithDescrtiptor.java
+++ b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringEndWithDescrtiptor.java
@@ -18,9 +18,6 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.data.std.primitive.UTF8StringPointable;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.data.std.util.ArrayBackedValueStorage;
 
-/**
- * @author Xiaoyu Ma
- */
 public class StringEndWithDescrtiptor extends AbstractScalarFunctionDynamicDescriptor {
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
diff --git a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringEqualDescriptor.java b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringEqualDescriptor.java
index e921e45..e778f3e 100644
--- a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringEqualDescriptor.java
+++ b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringEqualDescriptor.java
@@ -14,9 +14,6 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.data.std.primitive.UTF8StringPointable;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.data.std.util.ArrayBackedValueStorage;
 
-/**
- * @author Xiaoyu Ma
- */
 public class StringEqualDescriptor extends AbstractScalarFunctionDynamicDescriptor {
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
diff --git a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringEvaluatorUtils.java b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringEvaluatorUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..98a70b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringEvaluatorUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2009-2013 by The Regents of the University of California
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * you may obtain a copy of the License from
+ * 
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package edu.uci.ics.asterix.runtime.evaluators.functions;
+
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+import edu.uci.ics.asterix.om.base.AString;
+
+public class StringEvaluatorUtils {
+
+    public static int toFlag(AString pattern) {
+        String str = pattern.getStringValue();
+        int flag = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
+            char c = str.charAt(i);
+            switch (c) {
+                case 's':
+                    flag |= Pattern.DOTALL;
+                    break;
+                case 'm':
+                    flag |= Pattern.MULTILINE;
+                    break;
+                case 'i':
+                    flag |= Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE;
+                    break;
+                case 'x':
+                    flag |= Pattern.COMMENTS;
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+        return flag;
+    }
+
+    public final static char[] reservedRegexChars = new char[] { '$', '(', ')', '*', '.', '[', '\\', ']', '^', '{',
+            '|', '}' };
+    
+}
diff --git a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringJoinDescriptor.java b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringJoinDescriptor.java
index 9c2f960..7742ccc 100644
--- a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringJoinDescriptor.java
+++ b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringJoinDescriptor.java
@@ -21,9 +21,6 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.common.data.accessors.IFrameTupleReference;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.common.data.util.StringUtils;
 
-/**
- * @author Xiaoyu Ma
- */
 public class StringJoinDescriptor extends AbstractScalarFunctionDynamicDescriptor {
 
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
diff --git a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringLowerCaseDescriptor.java b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringLowerCaseDescriptor.java
index 5e188d3..d8d0b55 100644
--- a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringLowerCaseDescriptor.java
+++ b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringLowerCaseDescriptor.java
@@ -23,9 +23,6 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.common.data.accessors.IFrameTupleReference;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.common.data.util.StringUtils;
 
-/**
- * @author Xiaoyu Ma
- */
 public class StringLowerCaseDescriptor extends AbstractScalarFunctionDynamicDescriptor {
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
diff --git a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringMatchesDescriptor.java b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringMatchesDescriptor.java
index 03a3545..e26a0c6 100644
--- a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringMatchesDescriptor.java
+++ b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringMatchesDescriptor.java
@@ -26,9 +26,6 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.data.std.util.ArrayBackedValueStorage;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.data.std.util.ByteArrayAccessibleOutputStream;
 
-/**
- * @author Xiaoyu Ma
- */
 public class StringMatchesDescriptor extends AbstractScalarFunctionDynamicDescriptor {
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
diff --git a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringMatchesWithFlagDescriptor.java b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringMatchesWithFlagDescriptor.java
index 93dc342..6da320b 100644
--- a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringMatchesWithFlagDescriptor.java
+++ b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringMatchesWithFlagDescriptor.java
@@ -30,9 +30,6 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.data.std.util.ArrayBackedValueStorage;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.data.std.util.ByteArrayAccessibleOutputStream;
 
-/**
- * @author Xiaoyu Ma
- */
 public class StringMatchesWithFlagDescriptor extends AbstractScalarFunctionDynamicDescriptor {
 
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@@ -112,7 +109,7 @@
                                 DataInputStream di = new DataInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(
                                         lastFlags.getByteArray()));
                                 astrFlags = (AString) stringSerde.deserialize(di);
-                                flags = toFlag(astrFlags);
+                                flags = StringEvaluatorUtils.toFlag(astrFlags);
                             }
 
                             pattern = Pattern.compile(strPattern, flags);
diff --git a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringReplaceDescriptor.java b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringReplaceDescriptor.java
index 230eb34..c8917dc 100644
--- a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringReplaceDescriptor.java
+++ b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringReplaceDescriptor.java
@@ -26,9 +26,6 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.data.std.util.ArrayBackedValueStorage;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.data.std.util.ByteArrayAccessibleOutputStream;
 
-/**
- * @author Xiaoyu Ma
- */
 public class StringReplaceDescriptor extends AbstractScalarFunctionDynamicDescriptor {
 
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
diff --git a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringReplaceWithFlagsDescriptor.java b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringReplaceWithFlagsDescriptor.java
index 4f18863..74c30e7 100644
--- a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringReplaceWithFlagsDescriptor.java
+++ b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringReplaceWithFlagsDescriptor.java
@@ -26,9 +26,6 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.data.std.util.ArrayBackedValueStorage;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.data.std.util.ByteArrayAccessibleOutputStream;
 
-/**
- * @author Xiaoyu Ma
- */
 public class StringReplaceWithFlagsDescriptor extends AbstractScalarFunctionDynamicDescriptor {
 
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@@ -130,7 +127,7 @@
                                 DataInputStream di = new DataInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(
                                         lastFlags.getByteArray()));
                                 astrFlags = (AString) stringSerde.deserialize(di);
-                                flags = toFlag(astrFlags);
+                                flags = StringEvaluatorUtils.toFlag(astrFlags);
                             }
 
                             if (newPattern || newFlags)
diff --git a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringStartWithDescrtiptor.java b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringStartWithDescrtiptor.java
index 601c3d0..c852fbc 100644
--- a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringStartWithDescrtiptor.java
+++ b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringStartWithDescrtiptor.java
@@ -14,9 +14,6 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.data.std.primitive.UTF8StringPointable;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.data.std.util.ArrayBackedValueStorage;
 
-/**
- * @author Xiaoyu Ma
- */
 public class StringStartWithDescrtiptor extends AbstractScalarFunctionDynamicDescriptor {
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
diff --git a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringToCodePointDescriptor.java b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringToCodePointDescriptor.java
index e001d9e..d34280e 100644
--- a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringToCodePointDescriptor.java
+++ b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/StringToCodePointDescriptor.java
@@ -25,18 +25,10 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.data.std.util.ArrayBackedValueStorage;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.common.data.accessors.IFrameTupleReference;
 
-/**
- * @author Xiaoyu Ma
- */
 public class StringToCodePointDescriptor extends AbstractScalarFunctionDynamicDescriptor {
 
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
-    public static final IFunctionDescriptorFactory FACTORY1 = new IFunctionDescriptorFactory() {
-        public IFunctionDescriptor createFunctionDescriptor() {
-            return new StringToCodePointDescriptor();
-        }
-    };
     public static final IFunctionDescriptorFactory FACTORY = new IFunctionDescriptorFactory() {
         public IFunctionDescriptor createFunctionDescriptor() {
             return new StringToCodePointDescriptor();
diff --git a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/SubstringBeforeDescriptor.java b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/SubstringBeforeDescriptor.java
index 77911af..61d5d72 100644
--- a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/SubstringBeforeDescriptor.java
+++ b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/SubstringBeforeDescriptor.java
@@ -72,8 +72,7 @@
                         int posPattern = 3;
 
                         int offset = 0;
-                        while (posSrc - 3 < srcLen - patternLen) {
-                            // offset = 0;                        
+                        while (posSrc - 3 < srcLen - patternLen) {                       
                             while (posPattern + offset - 3 < patternLen && posSrc + offset - 3 < srcLen) {
                                 char c1 = UTF8StringPointable.charAt(src, posSrc + offset);
                                 char c2 = UTF8StringPointable.charAt(pattern, posPattern + offset);
@@ -82,7 +81,6 @@
                                 offset++;
                             }
                             if (offset == patternLen) {
-                                // found = true;
                                 break;
                             }
                             posSrc += UTF8StringPointable.charSize(src, posSrc);
diff --git a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/temporal/AdjustDateTimeForTimeZoneDescriptor.java b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/temporal/AdjustDateTimeForTimeZoneDescriptor.java
index 441d20a..55b9663 100644
--- a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/temporal/AdjustDateTimeForTimeZoneDescriptor.java
+++ b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/temporal/AdjustDateTimeForTimeZoneDescriptor.java
@@ -120,8 +120,8 @@
 
                             StringBuilder sbder = new StringBuilder();
 
-                            calInstance.getExtendStringRepWithTimezoneUntilField(chronon, timezone, sbder, Fields.YEAR,
-                                    Fields.MILLISECOND);
+                            calInstance.getExtendStringRepUntilField(chronon, timezone, sbder, Fields.YEAR,
+                                    Fields.MILLISECOND, true);
 
                             out.writeByte(SER_STRING_TYPE_TAG);
                             out.writeUTF(sbder.toString());
diff --git a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/temporal/AdjustTimeForTimeZoneDescriptor.java b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/temporal/AdjustTimeForTimeZoneDescriptor.java
index 1ca64c6..340545d 100644
--- a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/temporal/AdjustTimeForTimeZoneDescriptor.java
+++ b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/temporal/AdjustTimeForTimeZoneDescriptor.java
@@ -120,8 +120,8 @@
 
                             StringBuilder sbder = new StringBuilder();
 
-                            calInstance.getExtendStringRepWithTimezoneUntilField(chronon, timezone, sbder, Fields.HOUR,
-                                    Fields.MILLISECOND);
+                            calInstance.getExtendStringRepUntilField(chronon, timezone, sbder, Fields.HOUR,
+                                    Fields.MILLISECOND, true);
 
                             out.writeByte(SER_STRING_TYPE_TAG);
                             out.writeUTF(sbder.toString());
diff --git a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/temporal/CalendarDuartionFromDateDescriptor.java b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/temporal/CalendarDuartionFromDateDescriptor.java
index c6da17e..b343f63 100644
--- a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/temporal/CalendarDuartionFromDateDescriptor.java
+++ b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/temporal/CalendarDuartionFromDateDescriptor.java
@@ -187,8 +187,9 @@
 
                                 if (day < 0) {
                                     boolean isLeapYear = calInstanct.isLeapYear(year1);
-                                    day += (isLeapYear) ? (GregorianCalendarSystem.DAYS_OF_MONTH_LEAP[month1 - 2])
-                                            : (GregorianCalendarSystem.DAYS_OF_MONTH_ORDI[month1 - 2]);
+                                    // need to "borrow" the days in previous month to make the day positive; when month is 1 (Jan), Dec will be borrowed
+                                    day += (isLeapYear) ? (GregorianCalendarSystem.DAYS_OF_MONTH_LEAP[(12 + month1 - 2) % 12])
+                                            : (GregorianCalendarSystem.DAYS_OF_MONTH_ORDI[(12 + month1 - 2) % 12]);
                                     month -= 1;
                                 }
 
diff --git a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/temporal/CalendarDurationFromDateTimeDescriptor.java b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/temporal/CalendarDurationFromDateTimeDescriptor.java
index e09f1da..a934473 100644
--- a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/temporal/CalendarDurationFromDateTimeDescriptor.java
+++ b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/evaluators/functions/temporal/CalendarDurationFromDateTimeDescriptor.java
@@ -201,8 +201,9 @@
 
                                 if (day < 0) {
                                     boolean isLeapYear = calInstanct.isLeapYear(year1);
-                                    day += (isLeapYear) ? (GregorianCalendarSystem.DAYS_OF_MONTH_LEAP[month1 - 2])
-                                            : (GregorianCalendarSystem.DAYS_OF_MONTH_ORDI[month1 - 2]);
+                                    // need to "borrow" the days in previous month to make the day positive; when month is 1 (Jan), Dec will be borrowed
+                                    day += (isLeapYear) ? (GregorianCalendarSystem.DAYS_OF_MONTH_LEAP[(12 + month1 - 2) % 12])
+                                            : (GregorianCalendarSystem.DAYS_OF_MONTH_ORDI[(12 + month1 - 2) % 12]);
                                     month -= 1;
                                 }
 
diff --git a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/formats/NonTaggedDataFormat.java b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/formats/NonTaggedDataFormat.java
index af647e9..a5cb0f1 100644
--- a/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/formats/NonTaggedDataFormat.java
+++ b/asterix-runtime/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/runtime/formats/NonTaggedDataFormat.java
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.asterix.formats.nontagged.AqlBinaryIntegerInspector;
 import edu.uci.ics.asterix.formats.nontagged.AqlJSONPrinterFactoryProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.asterix.formats.nontagged.AqlNormalizedKeyComputerFactoryProvider;
+import edu.uci.ics.asterix.formats.nontagged.AqlPredicateEvaluatorFactoryProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.asterix.formats.nontagged.AqlPrinterFactoryProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.asterix.formats.nontagged.AqlSerializerDeserializerProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.asterix.formats.nontagged.AqlTypeTraitProvider;
@@ -274,6 +275,7 @@
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.runtime.evaluators.ColumnAccessEvalFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.runtime.evaluators.ConstantEvalFactory;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.INullWriterFactory;
+import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.dataflow.value.IPredicateEvaluatorFactoryProvider;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.api.exceptions.HyracksDataException;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.data.std.util.ArrayBackedValueStorage;
 import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.dataflow.common.data.parsers.DoubleParserFactory;
@@ -937,4 +939,9 @@
         return AqlBinaryHashFunctionFamilyProvider.INSTANCE;
     }
 
+	@Override
+	public IPredicateEvaluatorFactoryProvider getPredicateEvaluatorFactoryProvider() {
+		return AqlPredicateEvaluatorFactoryProvider.INSTANCE;
+	}
+
 }
diff --git a/asterix-transactions/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/transaction/management/resource/PersistentLocalResourceRepository.java b/asterix-transactions/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/transaction/management/resource/PersistentLocalResourceRepository.java
index 2361bac..a8f129a 100644
--- a/asterix-transactions/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/transaction/management/resource/PersistentLocalResourceRepository.java
+++ b/asterix-transactions/src/main/java/edu/uci/ics/asterix/transaction/management/resource/PersistentLocalResourceRepository.java
@@ -153,16 +153,26 @@
                     if (indexFileList != null) {
                         for (File indexFile : indexFileList) {
                             if (indexFile.isDirectory()) {
-                                File[] metadataFiles = indexFile.listFiles(filter);
-                                if (metadataFiles != null) {
-                                    for (File metadataFile : metadataFiles) {
-                                        LocalResource localResource = readLocalResource(metadataFile);
-                                        id2ResourceMap.put(localResource.getResourceId(), localResource);
-                                        name2ResourceMap.put(localResource.getResourceName(), localResource);
-                                        maxResourceId = Math.max(localResource.getResourceId(), maxResourceId);
-                                        if (LOGGER.isLoggable(Level.INFO)) {
-                                            LOGGER.info("loaded local resource - [id: " + localResource.getResourceId()
-                                                    + ", name: " + localResource.getResourceName() + "]");
+                                File[] ioDevicesList = indexFile.listFiles();
+                                if (ioDevicesList != null) {
+                                    for (File ioDeviceFile : ioDevicesList) {
+                                        if (ioDeviceFile.isDirectory()) {
+                                            File[] metadataFiles = ioDeviceFile.listFiles(filter);
+                                            if (metadataFiles != null) {
+                                                for (File metadataFile : metadataFiles) {
+                                                    LocalResource localResource = readLocalResource(metadataFile);
+                                                    id2ResourceMap.put(localResource.getResourceId(), localResource);
+                                                    name2ResourceMap
+                                                            .put(localResource.getResourceName(), localResource);
+                                                    maxResourceId = Math.max(localResource.getResourceId(),
+                                                            maxResourceId);
+                                                    if (LOGGER.isLoggable(Level.INFO)) {
+                                                        LOGGER.info("loaded local resource - [id: "
+                                                                + localResource.getResourceId() + ", name: "
+                                                                + localResource.getResourceName() + "]");
+                                                    }
+                                                }
+                                            }
                                         }
                                     }
                                 }